2022年中考英语考前20天终极冲刺之非谓语动词
一.选择题(共25小题)
1.(2021 静安区二模)Once you make a decision,you'd better ____your mind.( )
A.don't change B.not change
C.not to change D.not changing
2.(2020 泰安模拟)﹣It's a bit cold.Would you mind my all the windows?
﹣Do as you like,please.( )
A.close B.will close C.closing D.to close
3.(2020 福建模拟)﹣There goes the bell.﹣It's time for class.Let's stop ______.( )
A.talk B.to talk C.talking D.not talk
4.(2018 眉山二模)﹣﹣﹣Do you often hear John _______ his room?
﹣﹣﹣Yes.Listen!Now we can hear him _______ in his room.( )
A.sing,to sing B.singing,sing
C.sing,singing D.to sing,singing
5.(2018 嘉定区一模)Keep __________reading English regularly,your reading skills will be improved quickly.( )
A.practice B.practicing
C.to practice D.practiced
6.(2017 剑阁县模拟)﹣﹣﹣Peter has changed a lot,hasn't he?
﹣﹣﹣Yes.He used to ______ the drum,but now he is getting used to ________ the violin.( )
A.play; play B.playing; play
C.play; playing
7.(2022 伊宁市模拟)They had to put off the sports meeting because of the heavy rain.
A.have B.to have C.had D.having
8.(2021 西山区模拟)Over the past 75 years,the UN has kept to make our planet a peaceful and healthy one.
A.to work B.working C.to produce D.producing
9.(2020 广西模拟)﹣﹣﹣Why not the music club?
﹣﹣﹣I'm sorry.I can't sing or dance.( )
A.join B.to join C.joining D.to join in
10.(2020 泰安模拟)My friend,Darren,is coming to visit us.I'm looking forward ______ him.( )
A.meet B.meeting C.to meet D.to meeting
11.(2019 大埔县模拟)The skirts on sale are all beautiful.I can't decide which one ____________.( )
A.buy B.to buy C.bought D.will buy
12.(2017 济南)Last night,I found a photo in an old book.It made me_____ of my primary school life.( )
A.think B.thinking C.thought D.to think
13.(2022 成都模拟)Chengdu Museum is an interesting place and many students have fun it.( )
A.visit B.visiting C.to visit
14.(2022 鞍山模拟)﹣﹣﹣ I find the more we study,the more difficulty we have ______ out our math problems.
﹣﹣﹣ Oh,I agree.Math is more and more difficult.( )
A.worked B.work C.works D.working
15.(2022 黄浦区一模)The crew spent three days in space _________ the Earth more than 15 times each day.( )
A.circle B.to circle
C.circling D.to circling
16.(2022 兴城市校级模拟)The novel is very interesting .It's worth ______twice.( )
A.reading B.to read C.read D.to reading
17.(2022 秀屿区校级模拟)The police are busy_______people to be careful of telecom fraud(电信诈骗).( )
A.to warn B.warn C.warning
18.(2022 崇明区一模)Nick likes travelling and he is always good at cheap fights online.( )
A.found B.find C.finds D.finding
19.(2021 二道区四模)____ English well can be really important in our daily lives.( )
A.Learning B.Learnt C.Learned D.Learn
20.(2014 来宾)After the earthquake,we heard of lots of ______ stories,and all of us were deeply ______.( )
A.moving; moved B.moving; moving
C.moved; moving D.moved; moved
21.(2021 昆明模拟)All of us should play a role in____our environment better.( )
A.make B.making C.have D.having
22.(2021 岳阳县模拟)Everyone should play a part in up the public places.( )
A.clean B.cleaning C.to clean
23.(2021 阿城区模拟)﹣﹣The movie The Wandering Earth is wonderful. Do you feel like it tonight?
﹣I'd love to,but my parents won't let me out too late.
A.to watch,staying B.watching,to stay
C.watching,stay
24.(2020 天水)We can overcome all the difficulties by_____ together.( )
A.work B.works C.working D.worked
25.(2021 黄冈一模)﹣Did everyone attend the concert last night?
﹣No, Emily preferred TV at home to the concert.( )
A.to watch; attend B.to watch; attending
C.watching; attend D.watching; attending
2022年中考英语考前20天终极冲刺之非谓语动词
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题(共25小题)
1.(2021 静安区二模)Once you make a decision,you'd better ____your mind.( )
A.don't change B.not change
C.not to change D.not changing
【考点】非谓语动词.
【分析】一旦你做了决定,你最好不要改变你的想法.
【解答】答案:B 根据You'd better可知其后接动词原形,其否定形式为You'd better not do sth.故选B.
【点评】本题考查You'd better的用法.他的否定句为You'd better not do sth.
2.(2020 泰安模拟)﹣It's a bit cold.Would you mind my all the windows?
﹣Do as you like,please.( )
A.close B.will close C.closing D.to close
【考点】非谓语动词.
【分析】﹣﹣天有点冷.你介意我把窗户都关起来吗?
﹣﹣请便.
【解答】答案:C.根据Would you mind my all the windows,可知本句考查了Would you mind doing sth你介意做某事吗,mind后常接名词或动词ing形式.故选C.
【点评】本题考查了非谓语动词的用法.解答时注意:Would you mind doing sth你介意做某事吗,mind后常接名词或动词ing形式.
3.(2020 福建模拟)﹣There goes the bell.﹣It's time for class.Let's stop ______.( )
A.talk B.to talk C.talking D.not talk
【考点】非谓语动词.
【分析】﹣﹣上课铃响了.
﹣﹣要上课了,我们停止说话吧.
【解答】答案:C.根据Let's stop,可知这里考查stop的用法:stop to do something 表示停下手中的事,去做某事;stop doing something 表示停止做某事.根据It's time for class,可知该上课了,所以应该是停止说话.故选C.
【点评】本题考查了非谓语动词的用法.解答时注意区分辨别:It's time for class stop to do something 表示停下手中的事,去做某事;stop doing something 表示停止做某事.
4.(2018 眉山二模)﹣﹣﹣Do you often hear John _______ his room?
﹣﹣﹣Yes.Listen!Now we can hear him _______ in his room.( )
A.sing,to sing B.singing,sing
C.sing,singing D.to sing,singing
【考点】非谓语动词.
【分析】﹣﹣你经常听到John在他房间里唱歌吗?
﹣﹣是的.听!现在我们能听到他在房间里正在唱歌.
【解答】答案:C.根据Do you often hear John _______ his room,可知这里考查了hear的用法:hear sb do sth表示"听到某人做了某事",hear sb doing sth.表示"听到某人正在做某事";在这里often表示经常性的,一般用hear sb do sth这个短语;listen表示动作正在进行,一般用hear sb doing sth.故选C.
【点评】本题考查了非谓语动词的用法.解答时注意:hear sb do sth表示"听到某人做了某事",hear sb doing sth.表示"听到某人正在做某事".
5.(2018 嘉定区一模)Keep __________reading English regularly,your reading skills will be improved quickly.( )
A.practice B.practicing
C.to practice D.practiced
【考点】非谓语动词.
【分析】坚持经常练习朗读英语,你的朗读技将会提高很快.
【解答】答案:B.根据Keep __________reading English regularly,可知这里考查了keep的用法,keep,动词,保持,通常用于keep doing sth,坚持做某事,后面跟动名词形式.故选B.
【点评】本题考查了非谓语动词的用法.解答时注意keep doing sth,坚持做某事,后面跟动名词形式.
6.(2017 剑阁县模拟)﹣﹣﹣Peter has changed a lot,hasn't he?
﹣﹣﹣Yes.He used to ______ the drum,but now he is getting used to ________ the violin.( )
A.play; play B.playing; play
C.play; playing
【考点】非谓语动词.
【分析】﹣﹣彼得改变了很多,不是吗?
﹣﹣﹣是的.他过去常常打鼓,但现在他已经习惯拉小提琴.
【解答】答案:C
结合题干及选项,可知used to do sth指过去常常做某事,后面跟动词原形;be/get used to doing sth指习惯于做某事,后面跟动词的ing形式;根据He used to 及but now he is getting used to 可知和现在对应的是过去,所以前句应该是表达过去常常做某事,应该用used to do sth,所以首空应该用动词原形play;后句指现在习惯于做某事,故用be/get used to doing sth,所以第二个空应用play的动名词playing;此句表达的意思为:他过去常常打鼓,但现在他已经习惯拉小提琴.故选:C
【点评】此题考查used to do sth和be/get used to doing sth的用法.做题时联系语境及关键词结合短语的用法确定出正确的表达是做题的关键.
7.(2022 伊宁市模拟)They had to put off the sports meeting because of the heavy rain.
A.have B.to have C.had D.having
【考点】动名词.
【分析】由于下大雨,他们不得不推迟举行运动会。
【解答】句子中off是一个介词,后面跟动名词形式having。
故选:D。
【点评】掌握动名词的固定用法是解题关键。
8.(2021 西山区模拟)Over the past 75 years,the UN has kept to make our planet a peaceful and healthy one.
A.to work B.working C.to produce D.producing
【考点】动名词;动词词义辨析.
【分析】在过去的75年里,联合国一直在努力使我们的星球成为一个和平与健康的星球。
【解答】根据题干,可知考查keep doing sth继续做做某事。从make our planet a peaceful and healthy one判断这里使用动词work表示工作。
故选:B。
【点评】熟悉动名词的用法,结合题意,给出答案。
9.(2020 广西模拟)﹣﹣﹣Why not the music club?
﹣﹣﹣I'm sorry.I can't sing or dance.( )
A.join B.to join C.joining D.to join in
【考点】非谓语动词.
【分析】为什么不参加音乐俱乐部?﹣﹣对不起.我不会唱也不会跳.
【解答】答案:A 根据why not(为什么不),可知其后接动词时用动词的原形.故选A.
【点评】本题考查非谓语动词.why not=why don't you,其后都接动词的原形.
10.(2020 泰安模拟)My friend,Darren,is coming to visit us.I'm looking forward ______ him.( )
A.meet B.meeting C.to meet D.to meeting
【考点】非谓语动词.
【分析】我的朋友Darren要来看我.我正期待着和他见面.
【解答】答案:D.
根据I'm looking forward ______ him我正期待着和他见面.可知句子里有短语"期待着做某事,盼望着做某事"是look forward to doing sth.结合语境,故选D.
【点评】抓住考点,找出词眼(非谓语动词),仔细分析,把握住单词和短语的固定搭配(look forward to doing),结合语境确定正确的选项.
11.(2019 大埔县模拟)The skirts on sale are all beautiful.I can't decide which one ____________.( )
A.buy B.to buy C.bought D.will buy
【考点】非谓语动词.
【分析】正在出售的那些裙子都很漂亮,我决定不下来买哪一件.
【解答】答案:B.
本题考查非谓语动词的用法.根据语境推测句意是"正在出售的那些裙子都很漂亮,我决定不下来买哪一件.",结合设空处前面的which 判断此题考查结构"疑问词+to do sth."; 该结构可以放在动词后面作宾语,所以选B.
【点评】本题考查非谓语动词的用法,抓住句中的关键词并联系相关的语法知识可得出正确的答案.平时注意对此类短语或句式用法的总结与归纳.
12.(2017 济南)Last night,I found a photo in an old book.It made me_____ of my primary school life.( )
A.think B.thinking C.thought D.to think
【考点】非谓语动词.
【分析】昨天晚上,我在一本旧书里找到了一张照片,它让我想起了我的小学生活.
【解答】答案:A
根据关键词made为make的过去式,在此句的意思是"使得…",是使役动词;结合选项,此句的意思是它(照片)让我想起了我的小学生活,think of为固定短语"想起";结合make的用法,应为make sb do sth"让某人做某事",所以此处应用动词原形think.故选A
【点评】本题考查非谓语动词的用法,抓住句中的关键词并联系相关的语法知识可得出正确的答案.平时注意对此类短语或句式用法的总结与归纳.
13.(2022 成都模拟)Chengdu Museum is an interesting place and many students have fun it.( )
A.visit B.visiting C.to visit
【考点】动名词.
【分析】成都博物馆是一个有趣的地点,许多学生参观时都开心。
【解答】visit(参观)是动词原形;visiting是现在分词或动名词;to visit是动词不定式。根据观察和分析可知句子使用了"have fun (in)doing sth"句型结构,意思是"做...开心",因此本题正确答案是B。
故选:B。
【点评】解答本题首先需要掌握have fun in doing sth.的意思和用法。
14.(2022 鞍山模拟)﹣﹣﹣ I find the more we study,the more difficulty we have ______ out our math problems.
﹣﹣﹣ Oh,I agree.Math is more and more difficult.( )
A.worked B.work C.works D.working
【考点】动名词.
【分析】﹣﹣我发现我们学习的越多,解决数学问题的难度就越大。
﹣﹣哦,我同意。数学越来越难了。
【解答】worked过去式;work动词原形;works第三人称单数形式;working动名词/现在分词。have difficulty doing sth"做某事有困难"固定搭配,填动名词working。
故选:D。
【点评】掌握固定搭配have difficulty doing sth"做某事有困难",分析选项,选择正确答案。
15.(2022 黄浦区一模)The crew spent three days in space _________ the Earth more than 15 times each day.( )
A.circle B.to circle
C.circling D.to circling
【考点】动名词.
【分析】宇航员们在太空中度过了三天,每天绕地球旋转超过15圈。
【解答】circle转圈,动词原形;to circle不定式;circling动名词/现在分词;to circling介词+动名词。spend+时间+(in) doing sth"花费时间做某事"固定搭配,填动名词circling。
故选:C。
【点评】掌握固定搭配spend+时间+(in) doing sth"花费时间做某事",分析选项,选择正确答案。
16.(2022 兴城市校级模拟)The novel is very interesting .It's worth ______twice.( )
A.reading B.to read C.read D.to reading
【考点】动名词.
【分析】这本小说很有趣。值得读两遍。
【解答】reading动名词/现在分词;to read不定式;read读,动词原形;to reading介词+动名词。be worth doing sth"值得做某事"固定搭配,填动名词reading。
故选:A。
【点评】掌握固定搭配be worth doing sth"值得做某事",分析选项,选择正确答案。
17.(2022 秀屿区校级模拟)The police are busy_______people to be careful of telecom fraud(电信诈骗).( )
A.to warn B.warn C.warning
【考点】动名词.
【分析】警方正忙着警告人们要小心电信诈骗。
【解答】to warn不定式;warn警告,动词原形;warning动名词/现在分词。be busy doing sth"正忙于做某事"固定搭配,填warning。
故选:C。
【点评】掌握固定搭配be busy doing sth"正忙于做某事",分析选项,选择正确答案。
18.(2022 崇明区一模)Nick likes travelling and he is always good at cheap fights online.( )
A.found B.find C.finds D.finding
【考点】动名词.
【分析】尼克喜欢旅行,他总是善于在网上找到便宜的机票。
【解答】根据句意:尼克喜欢旅行,他总是善于在网上找到便宜的机票。be good at doing sth擅长做某事。
故选:D。
【点评】熟悉动名词的用法,结合题意,给出答案。
19.(2021 二道区四模)____ English well can be really important in our daily lives.( )
A.Learning B.Learnt C.Learned D.Learn
【考点】动名词.
【分析】学好英语在我们的日常生活中真的很重要。
【解答】根据句意:学好英语在我们的日常生活中真的很重要。此处是动名词作主语。
故选:A。
【点评】熟悉动名词的用法,结合题意,给出答案。
20.(2014 来宾)After the earthquake,we heard of lots of ______ stories,and all of us were deeply ______.( )
A.moving; moved B.moving; moving
C.moved; moving D.moved; moved
【考点】分词.
【分析】在地震后,我们听到许多动人的故事,我们所有人被深深的感动着.
【解答】现在分词形式moving,是主动的;意思是"感人的",作定语修饰后面的宾语stories;过去分词形式moved是被动的,在be动词后作表语修饰主语,"我们"是"被感动";根据句中的stories可知它的前面用moving,根据"all of us were"可知该空用moved;故选A.
【点评】理解每个选项的基本含义及用法的不同,并注意交叉含义间的区别,然后结合语境选择正确答案.
21.(2021 昆明模拟)All of us should play a role in____our environment better.( )
A.make B.making C.have D.having
【考点】动名词.
【分析】我们大家都应该在改善环境方面发挥作用。
【解答】make让,动词原形;making动名词/现在分词;have有,动词原形;having动名词/现在分词。play a role in doing sth"在做某事方面发挥作用"固定搭配。A、C不正确。making our environment better"改善我们的环境、让我们的环境更好"。D不符合。
故选:B。
【点评】掌握固定搭配play a role in doing sth"在做某事方面发挥作用",分析选项动词意思,结合语境,选择合适答案。
22.(2021 岳阳县模拟)Everyone should play a part in up the public places.( )
A.clean B.cleaning C.to clean
【考点】动名词.
【分析】每个人都应该参与公共场所的清洁工作。
【解答】根据题干,可知考查play a part in doing sth参与做某事。
故选:B。
【点评】熟悉动名词的用法,结合题意,给出答案。
23.(2021 阿城区模拟)﹣﹣The movie The Wandering Earth is wonderful. Do you feel like it tonight?
﹣I'd love to,but my parents won't let me out too late.
A.to watch,staying B.watching,to stay
C.watching,stay
【考点】动名词;动词的固定搭配.
【分析】﹣﹣电影《流浪地球》很棒。你今晚想看吗?
﹣﹣我很想去,但我父母不让我在外面呆得太晚。
【解答】第一个空,feel like doing sth"想要做某事"固定搭配,填动名词watching"观看"。第二个空,let sb do sth"让某人做某事"固定搭配,填动词原形stay"呆"。
故选:C。
【点评】掌握固定搭配feel like doing sth"想要做某事",及let sb do sth"让某人做某事",分析选项,选择合适答案。
24.(2020 天水)We can overcome all the difficulties by_____ together.( )
A.work B.works C.working D.worked
【考点】动名词.
【分析】我们可以通过一起工作克服所有困难.
【解答】work工作,动词原形.works第三人称单数.working动名词/现在分词.worked过去式.介词by后用动名词working.
故选:C.
【点评】掌握介词后用动名词的知识点,结合语境,找到关键词,选择合适答案.
25.(2021 黄冈一模)﹣Did everyone attend the concert last night?
﹣No, Emily preferred TV at home to the concert.( )
A.to watch; attend B.to watch; attending
C.watching; attend D.watching; attending
【考点】动名词.
【分析】﹣﹣昨晚大家都参加音乐会了吗?
﹣﹣不,艾米丽宁愿在家看电视也不愿参加音乐会。
【解答】prefer doing sth to doing sth宁愿做某事而不愿意做某事。第一个空用动名词watching"观看"。第二个空用动名词attending"参加"。
故选:D。
【点评】掌握固定搭配prefer doing sth to doing sth宁愿做某事而不愿意做某事,分析选项,选择合适答案。
考点卡片
1.动词的固定搭配
【常见的动词固定搭配】
一、只接不定式(不能接动名词)作宾语的25个常用动词
1. want to do sth. 想要做某事
2. would like to do sth. 想要做某事
3. wish to do sth. 希望做某事
4. help(to)do sth. 帮助做某事
5. hope to do sth. 希望做某事
6. learn to do sth. 学会做某事
7. manage to do sth. 设法做成某事
8. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
9. plan to do sth. 计划做某事
10. afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事(时间或金钱方面)
11. agree to do sth. 做某事
12. arrange to do sth. 安排做某事
13. ask to do sth. 要求做某事
14. beg to do sth. 恳求做某事
15. care to do sth. 愿意/喜欢做某事
16. choose to do sth. 选择做某事
17. decide to do sth. 决定做某事
18. demand to do sth. 要求做某事
19. determine to do sth. 决心做某事
20. expect to do sth. 等待做某事
21. fear to do sth. 惧怕做某事
22. prepare to do sth. 预备做某事
23. pretend to do sth. 伪装做某事
24. promise to do sth. 答应做某事
25. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
二、只接动名词(不能接不定式)作宾语的28个常用动词
1. practice doing sth. 练习做某事
2. consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
3. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
4. finish doing sth. 完成做某事
5. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
6. imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
7. keep doing sth. 一直做某事
8. put off doing sth. 推迟做某事
9. risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
10. suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
11. admit doing sth. 承认做某事
12. advise doing sth. 建议做某事
13. allow doing sth. 允许做某事
14. appreciate doing sth. 感谢做某事
15. avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
16. delay doing sth. 拖延做某事
17. deny doing sth. 否认做某事
18. discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事
19. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
20. escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事
21. excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事
22. fancy doing sth. 想象/喜爱做某事
23. forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事
24. mention doing sth. 提及做某事
25. mind doing sth. 介意做某事
26. miss doing sth. 错过做某事
27. permit doing sth. 允许做某事
28. prohibit doing sth. 禁止/阻止做某事
三、既可接不定式也可接动名词,但含义完全不同的8个动词
1. remember to do sth. 记住要做某事(未做)
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)
2. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)
3. regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事(未做)
regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事(已做)
4. try to do sth. 努力做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
5. mean to do sth. 计划做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
6. can't help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事
can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
7. go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事
go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事
8. stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情
四、接不定式作宾补的35个常用动词
1. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
3. ask sb. to do sth. 请(叫)某人做某事
4. bear sb. to do sth. 忍耐某人做某事
5. beg sb. to do sth. 恳求某人做某事
6. cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
7. command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
8. drive sb. to do sth. 驱使某人做某事
9. elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事
10. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事
11. expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事
12. forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
13. force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事
14. get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事
15. hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌/厌恶某人做某事
16. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
17. intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事
18. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
19. leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事
20. like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事
21. mean sb. to do sth. 计划要某人做某事
22. need sb. to do sth. 需求某人做某事
23. order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
24. permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
25. persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
26. prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
27. request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
28. remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
29. teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事
30. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉/让某人做某事
31. train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事
32. trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事
33. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
34. warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事
35. wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
五、可接动词原形做宾补的11个动词
1. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事
2. watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做了某事
3. notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做了某事
4. observe sb. do sth. 观察到某人做了某事
5. look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做了某事
6. hear sb. do sth. 听到某人做了某事
7. listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做了某事
8. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
9. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
10. have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
11. feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做了某事
2.分词
分词包括现在分词和过去分词,
详情请参考考点卡片"实义动词的过去分词""实义动词的现在分词"
3.动名词
【概念】
①动词:动词是表示动作或状态的词.
②名词:名词是表示人或事物名称的词.它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以表示抽象的东西.
③动名词:动名词是动词﹣ing形式的一种,是兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词.它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰.动名词有时态和语态的变化.英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来的.
④概念点拨:A.动词特征:非谓语动词可以组成动名词短语,表达动词意义;B.名词特征:非谓语动词可以像名词一样在句中作主语、宾语等;C.动名词由动词变化而来,但归根结底它的词性是名词.
【结构】
①动名词的一般形式:doing.
You can enjoy your time by playing football together.
②动名词的被动形式:being done.
He is proud of being asked to teach his cousin.
③动名词的复合结构:物主代词/名词所有格+动名词.
I'm thinking about my coming math exam.
【用法】
动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分,具体用法如下:
①动名词作主语:动名词可直接位于句首作主语;当动名词结构复杂且长时,可用it作形式主语.
Learning English all by yourself is very difficult.
全靠你自己学英语是很难的.
②动名词作宾语:某些动词和动词短语后出现非限定动词时,只能用动名词作宾语,而不能用动词不定式.常见的此类动词有:mind, enjoy, finish, avoid, practice, stop, require, suggest, keep, consider, imagine, advise, allow, be worth, be used to, be busy, can't help, lead to, keep on, look forward to, feel like, pay attention to等等.如:
My parents enjoy talking about funny things.
我的父母喜欢谈论有趣的事情.
③动名词作表语:动名词作表语时,表语与主语通常是对等关系,位置可以互换.如:
His job is taking care of the little boy.(Taking care of the little boy is his job.)
他的工作就是照看好那个小男孩.
④动名词做定语:动名词作定语时通常表示被修饰词的某种用途.如:
They chose a house with a swimming pool.
他们选择了一处带游泳池的房子.
【易混淆点】
名词与现在分词
①两者形式相同,都是动词的﹣ing形式并保留了动词的某些特征.
②作表语时,动名词与主语同指一件事,可与主语互换位置,而现在分词用以说明主语的性质,不能互换位置.如:
My favorite sport is running.(表语主语可互换位置)
The new teacher is coming.(表语主语位置不可换)
③作定语时,动名词表示所修饰词的某种用途,而现在分词表示所修饰词的性质、状态或动作.
We can go to the meeting room.(房屋的用途是开会)
You can't wake a sleeping man.(睡觉是人的状态)
【解题方法点拨】
①注意动名词作主语在特定结构中的一致性.动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数.
②牢记只接动名词作宾语的动词;介词(除 but,. except 外)后面须接动名词作宾语;能区分既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词.
③当表语说明主语内容时应用动名词.
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查动名词作主语、宾语和表语的一般式用法以及一些动名词的固定用法.有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可,但意义截然不容,那几个词以及两种句型的不同之处必须牢记在心,因为这是我们经常出错的地方.
4.非谓语动词
【概念】
①动词:动词是表示动作或状态的词.
②谓语:谓语是句子成分的一种,用以对主语进行陈述或说明.
③非谓语动词:非谓语动词又叫非限定动词,是指在句中不充当谓语的动词.主要包括不定式、动名词和分词.
④概念点拨:A.不充当谓语:指不能在句中单独作谓语使用,但可以充当其他句子成分,如主语、宾语等;B.非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的两个概念.
【结构】
①动词不定式:to+动词原形
To see is to believe.
②动名词:v.﹣ing
My sister is interested in reading books.
③分词:现在分词v.﹣ing和过去分词v﹣ed
China is a developing country while America is a developed country.
【用法】
①动词不定式在句中可充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、状语和定语.
A.有些动词后面只能接动词不定式作宾语,如:want, try, decide, hope, need, wish, refuse, learn, plan, would like, choose, fail, seem等.
The boy refused to answer that question.
男孩拒绝了回答那个问题.
B.有些动词后只能接动词不定式作宾语补足语,如:tell, ask, allow, wish, want, help, teach, warn, invite, encourage等.
My parents encourage me to do social work.
我的父母鼓励我做社会工作.
C.有些动词后只能接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,但当这些词变被动语态时to不能省略.如:感官动词see, hear, watch, feel,notice等;使役动词let, make, have等;had better, would rather, rather than等.
It made me feel thirsty.
它使我感觉到渴.
②动名词可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语.有些动词后面只能接动名词作宾语,如:miss, mind, enjoy, practice, keep, avoid, finish, consider, feel like, give up, be worth, look forward to, have fun等.
We should practice speaking English as much as possible.
我们应该尽可能多地练习说英语.
【易混淆点】
①动词后接名词和不定式的区别:有些动词即可接动词不定式又可接动名词,表达的意义不同,常见的有:
stop to do sth.停下来去做某事;stop doing sth.停止做某事
try to do sth.试图做某事;try doing sth.尝试着做某事
go on to do sth.继续做另一件事;go on doing sth.继续做同一件事
forget to do sth.忘记去做某事;forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
remember to do sth.记得去做某事;remember doing sth.记得做过某事
need to do sth.需要去做某事;need doing sth.某事需要被做
mean to do sth.打算去做某事;mean doing sth.意味着做某事
【例】Why not _______ out the problem by yourself?( )
A.trying to work B.try working
C.try to work
【考点】动词短语;非谓语动词.
【分析】为什么不试着自己解决这个问题?
【解答】考查动词短语.句意:为什么不试着自己解决这个问题?why not 后面接动词原形;try to do sth.努力做某事;try doing sth.尝试做某事.故选B.
【点评】理解各个选项的含义,及其用法的区别,根据具体内容作答.
②现在分词和不定式做宾语补足语的区别:see, watch, notice, feel, hear, have等词即可接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,又可接现在分词作宾语补足语.这时,不带to的不定式表示已完成了的动作或经常性动作,现在分词表示正在进行的动作.
I saw Jim playing on the playground.(强调看到正在进行的事)
I saw you put the key in your pocket.(强调看到的全过程)
③现在分词和过去分词的区别:语态上,现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动;时态上,现在分词表正在进行的动作,过去分词表已完成的动作.
the rising sun(正在升起);the risen sun(已经升起)
④含介词to的固定短语:make a contribution to doing为……做贡献;devote to doing致力于……;look forward to doing期盼做某事;pay attention to doing关注于……;be used to doing习惯于做某事.
I'm looking forward to hearing from you.
【解题方法点拨】
①先弄清题目是否缺谓语动词,再弄清非谓语动词的逻辑主语.
②根据句子结构或特殊句式来确定非谓语动词.
③熟记易混淆的非谓语动词用法和常见固定搭配来解题.
【中考命题方向】
非谓语动词是中考考查热点,经常考查动词不定式、动名词的用法以及非谓语动词与某些动词的固定搭配等.
5.动词词义辨析
【概念】
动词:动词是用来表示动作或状态的词.在句子中做谓语,说明主语"是什么"、"做什么"或"怎么样"的词.通过动词的变化,可以知道动作发生的时间、说话人的语气、态度.
【考查内容】
①词形相近的动词间的辨析.如remind/remember; rise/raise; hang/hung…
例1:Sorry,I've forgotten your name.Can you ____me?
I'm Daniel.( )
A.remind B.receive C.respect D.remember
分析:对不起,我忘了你的名字,你能提醒我一下吗?
我是Daniel.
解答:答案:A.
remind提醒;receive收到;respect尊重;remember记得.根据Sorry,I've forgotten your name.Can you ____me?I'm Daniel.可知,句意是"对不起,我忘了你的名字,你能提醒我一下吗?"根据下面的回答I'm Daniel.可推测句意是"提醒一下".故选A.
点评:本题考查动词词义辨析.解答时注意根据句意以及所给选项的意思作答.
②词义相近的动词间的辨析.如took/cost/paid/spent; borrow/lend;speak/say/talk.
例2:Wow,your sweater is very beautiful!
Thank you.I bought it two days ago.It ____me$50.( )
A.took B.cost C.paid D.spent.
分析:哇,你的毛衣很漂亮!谢谢.我两天前买的.它花费了我50美元.
解答:答案:B.
It takes sb some time to do sth.花费某人多长时间做某事.人+spend+时间/金钱+(in) doing sth表示某人花费时间/金钱做某事.人+spend+时间/金钱+on+名词,表示某人在某物上花费时间/金钱.sth costs sb+金钱,表示某物花了某人多少钱.人+pay+钱+for,表示为某物付钱.根据题干I bought it two days ago.It ____me$50.可知这是某物花了某人多少钱,即sth costs sb+金钱,故选B.
点评:了解每个选项的含义是做好词类题型的关键,还要从句意桌搜,根据句意作答,所以平时的学习中要多积累词汇,才能很好的完成.
③意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨析.如find/find out;take/leave;explain/say…
例3:Can you ____a message?Yes.Please ask Tom to ring me back.( )
A.give B.take C.leave.
分析:你能帮我带个口信吗?可以.请让汤姆给我回电话.
解答:答案:B.
句意"你能帮我带个口信吗?可以.请让汤姆给我回电话."give给,take带,leave离开.take a message带个口信,固定搭配,故选B.
点评:动词是表示动作或者状态的词,要结合语境,注意时态、人称等的变化,掌握常用的固定搭配.
【解题方法点拨】
①分析词义,根据上下句意思进行选择.
②根据常用动词的用法进行筛选.
③根据动词的固定短语用法,进行筛选.
④分析句子时态,选择动词的正确形式作答.
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查动词的词义辨析、意义相近但容易混淆的动词、常用动词的习惯用法、常用动词短语.这些是考查的重点
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