2021-2022学年牛津上海版英语八年级下册期末专项--阅读练习一 （含答案）

沪教版牛津英语8B期末专项--阅读练习
Class:_______ Name:______ No._______
阅读短文，回答问题
(一)
How can you help young children become interested in reading The following are some important tips.
The first way is to read out loud to them. Even if it’s just 15 minutes a day, as long as the children listen every day, they can become interested in reading later.
Cooking with young children can be also helpful. By reading the menu and cooking ingredients with them, you can help them learn more words and expressions.
When young children are reading, tell them to mark the words that they don’t know and then to look them up in a dictionary. Also, tell them to ask questions about what they’re reading. For older children, try to make them pay more attention to the theme of the passage or ask them to write a summary.
Finally, make sure there are enough reading materials for young children. If you don’t have enough, go to the local library. Help young children find out which writers they like and what kind of books they like. Help them to choose the right books to read. But be sure to allow them to choose what they like by themselves.
How many pieces of advice are given in the passage
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How can you help young children learn to read by cooking with them
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What should you do if your sister doesn’t know some words while reading
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Should we choose all books for young children
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What is the main idea of the passage
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(二)
James shook his money box again. Nothing! He carefully counted the coins that lay on the bed. All that he had was $24. 52 （about 153 yuan）. The bicycle he wanted was at least $90! How on earth was he going to get the rest of the money
He knew that his friends all had bicycles. It was hard to hang out with people when you were the only one without a bicycle. He thought about what he could do. There was no point asking his parents, for he knew they had no extra money.
There was only one way to get money, and that was to earn it. He would have to find a job. He decided to ask Mr. Clay for advice.
“Well, you can start right here,” said Mr. Clay. “You see, my windows need cleaning and my car needs washing."
That was the beginning of James’ part-time job. For the next three months he worked every day after finishing his homework. He was amazed by the variety of jobs that people found for him to do. He took dogs for walks, cleaned out cupboards and repaired books. He lost count of the number of cars he washed and windows he cleaned, but the money increased and he knew that he would soon have enough for the bicycle he longed for.
The day finally came when James counted his money and found $94. 32. He wasted no time and went down to the shop to pick up the bicycle he wanted. He rode home proudly, looking forward to showing his new bicycle to his friends. It had been hard working for the money, but James knew that he valued his bicycle far more because he had bought it with his own money. He had achieved what he thought was impossible, and that was worth even more than the bicycle.
How much did James find in his money box
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Why did James want to buy a bike so much
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In what way did he decide to get the rest of the money
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What did James think of the variety of jobs people asked him to do
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What did Mr. Clay suggest he do
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(三)
Junk is everywhere, even in space. But getting rid of space junk is much harder than cleaning your bedroom. Space junk travels at 8 kilometers a second, according to an article in the Guardian. Catching it is a bit of a challenge.
Luckily, scientists at the Swiss Space Center have a new cleaning plan. They are about to send a u cleaner satellite,, into space within the next five years. It will clean space junk.
Named "Clean Space One”，the Swiss satellite finds its target and moves close to it. When it reaches its target, it will catch the junk with a gripping claw.This is not going to be an easy task because both the satellite and the junk are travelling so fast.
Once Clean Space one has caught the junk, all that it has to do to get rid of it is to fly back to the earth. This is because the junk will bum up when travelling through the atmosphere. The satellite itself, too, will bum up at the same time.
So far, NASA has found 16,000 pieces of junk that are larger than 10 cm in diameter and more than 500,000 pieces measuring between 1 cm and 10 cm. You can imagine how many even smaller ones there are in space.
Space junk is dangerous for spacecraft and the International Space Station. Even a very small piece of junk could seriously damage-or even destroy-a satellite or spacecraft if they collide.The International Space Station has to regularly change its orbit to avoid space junk.
When will the scientists send a cleaner satellite into space
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Why is catching junk in space a difficult task
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How does “Clean Space One” catch the junk
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Why did the International Space Station have to regularly change the orbit
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NASA has found 16,000 pieces of junk that are larger than 10 cm in diameter, hasn't it
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(四)
Birds on a wire don't get a shock. How is that possible
For a living creature to get a "shock”，there has to be a flow of current through the body. However, there is hardly any current running through the bird's body for two reasons.
Firstly, the bird not only forms a circuit with the wire, but it also offers a high resistance(电阻) to current, so the current passes through the wire instead of the bird.
It is a bit like this, would you prefer going on a smooth road or a bumpy(崎岖不平的) road The answer is obvious. Just like you, the current prefers taking the easier path. All objects offer some amount of resistance to the flow of current, depending on the material.
This is just one of the reasons why birds don't get shock. However, the more important reason is, there is hardly any, if at all, voltage difference(电压差) across the bird.
A bird on high-tension wires has both its feet placed firmly on the same wire, so the potential difference from one end of the bird to the other is, for all purposes, next to nil(零).
In order for current to flow through the bird, there must be a large difference in voltage across the body. While the potential difference between the wire and Earth may be thousands of volts, the potential difference between the bird's two feet is extremely tiny. So there is only a very small current flowing through the bird.
If the bird were to touch the wire and simultaneously another wire, it would receive a mild shock. On the other hand, if it were to touch the wire and some other object connected to the ground, it would receive a deadly shock. The greater the potential difference, the greater is the current flow.
What does the underlined word "shock” mean in Chinese
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What happens if a living creature has got a shock
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Generally speaking, does a bird get a shock
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There is hardly any voltage difference across the bird, is there
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How many volts may the potential difference in voltage between the wire and Earth
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In what occasion would the bird receive a serious shock
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(五)
A water bearer in India had two large pots, each hung on each end of a pole which he earned across his neck. One of the pots had a crack in it, while the other pot was perfect and always delivered a full portion of water at the end of the long walk from the stream to the water bearer's master's house. The cracked pot arrived only half full.
For one year, the bearer delivered only one and a half pots full of water to his master's house. Of course, the perfect pot was proud of its accomplishments (成就).But the poor cracked pot was ashamed of its own imperfection(瑕疵).
After another year, the cracked pot spoke to the water bearer one day by the stream, "I am ashamed of myself, and I want to apologize to you.”"Why What are you ashamed of " asked the bearer.“I have been able, for these past two years, to deliver only half my load because this crack in me causes water to leak out all the way back to your master's house. Because of my flaws(缺点),you don't get full value from your efforts, '' the pot said.
The water bearer felt sorry for the old cracked pot, and, feeling compassion for it, he said, "As we return to the master's house, I want you to notice the beautiful flowers along the path."
Indeed, as they went up the hill, the old cracked pot took notice of the sun warming the beautiful wild flowers on the side of the path, and this cheered it somewhat(稍微).But at the end of the journey, it still felt bad because it had leaked out half its load, and so again it apologized to the bearer for its failure.
The bearer said to the pot,“Did you notice that there were flowers only on your side of the path, but not on the other pot’s side That's because I have always known about your flaw, and I took advantage of it. I planted flower seeds on your side of the path, and every day while we are walking back from the stream, you are watering them. For two years I have been able to pick these beautiful flowers to decorate my master's table. Without you being just the way you are, he would not have this beauty to grace(为增色)his house.
How many pots did the water bearer use
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How much water did the water bearer deliver to his master's house
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Why did the cracked pot apologize to the water bearer
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Where did the water bearer put the seeds
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The water bearer took advantage of the flaw of the cracked pot, didn't he
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(六)
With time, everything changes. So do magazine covers. The following are three of the most popular magazines in the U. S. Let's take a look at how their covers have changed over the past century.
Time
Time is best known for its red border （镶边）.Their cover photos and layouts are mostly designed in the same style--a photo of an attractive or famous person with bold text to grab your attention. The cover continues to feature （以...为特色）America's icons year after year -from presidents to pop stars.
National Geographic
Being around for more than a century, the overall design of National Geographic, especially of the cover, has gone through many changes. The magazine is perhaps best known for its amazing photography-yet this style wasn't adopted until the 1960s. It has also done a great job designing its famous yellow border.
Seventeen
The Seventeen logo has stayed the same, but almost everything else about the design has changed. There was a time when the cover was simple. And then things just got more and more cluttered （乱糟糟的).The magazine cover5s job is to sell the magazine-it has to stand out from the others. So the design starts to get louder and louder. But honestly, you might get a bit of a headache when you look at the Seventeen covers for too long.
If you are interested in nature, what magazine will you probably read
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Who are the America's icons mentioned in the passage
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Which magazine has the same cover for a long time
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If you look at the Seventeen covers for long, how do you feel
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What is National Geographic known for
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What is the passage about
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答案
一、
Four.
By reading the menu and the cooking ingredients with them.
To tell her to mark the words and then look them up in a dictionary.
No, we shouldn’t.
How to help young children like reading.
二、
$24.52.
Because it was hard to hang out with his friends who all had bicycles.
He decided to do part-time jobs.
Amazing.
Mr. Clay suggested he should start by cleaning windows and washing the car for him.
三、
Within the next five years.
Because both the satellite and the junk are travelling fast.
With the gripping claw.
To avoid space junk.
Yes, it has.
四、
触电。
A flow of current passes through the body.
No, it doesn't.
No, there isn’t.
Thousands of volts.
If the bird were to touch the wire and some other object connected to the ground, it would receive a deadly shock.
五、
Two.
One and a half pots water.
Because it could deliver only half its load because of a crack in it, causing the water bearer not to receive full value from his efforts.
On the old cracked pot’s side.
Yes, he did.
六、
National Geographic.
Presidents and pop stars.
Time.
I’m feel a bit of headache.
It is known for amazing photography.
It is about the changes of magazine covers.