外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册-Starting out & Understanding ideas同步课时训练（含答案）

Unit5 Revealing nature-Starting out & Understanding ideas同步课时训练
【基础】
【选词填空】
be regarded as;in question;refuse to;of all time;
come to exist;be crowded with;date back to;adapt to
1.UN English Language Day:April 23rd.The date 　　　　　　　　　the death of William Shakespeare.
2.But Daniel thinks it is unfair that his parents 　　　　　　　　　give him a chance to explain,so they don’t deserve to know the truth.
3.Certain forms of knowledge 　　　　　　　　　in certain places.
4.When he moved to France,his children 　　　　　　　the change very well.
5.Your heart might 　　　　　　　　　　　good things,work,sports or hobbies,but they were never designed to take first place in your heart.
6.The player 　　　　　　　　　　is Mark Williams.
7.This World Cup has crowned one of the best teams 　　　　　　　　　　　.
8.The history of self-knowledge 　　　　　　　　　over 2,000 years.
【单句语法填空】
1.Romances and friendships begin 　　　　　small talk.
2.He will not give up until he finds convincing 　　　　　(evident).
3.The robbery occurred in broad daylight,in a 　　　　　(crowd) street.
4.His name will live in history as one of the greatest bowlers 　　　　　all time.
5.You are expected to answer 　　　　　call with immediate actions.
【完成句子】
1.目前我们还没有其他行星上存在生命的证据。
At present we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　of life on other planets.
2.他们就要结婚了,而且还要一起做生意呢。
They are going to get married,and 　　　　　　　　　　they are setting up in business together.
3.她在新泽西的家中说:“迈格拉希的任何一次泄密都是一种耻辱。”
Speaking from her home in New Jersey,she said,“Any letting out of Megrahi would 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.”
4.首先,我得说,当你和父母沟通有困难时,你并不孤单。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I’ve to say you’re not alone when having trouble communicating with parents.
5.在鞋类博物馆展出的“特殊用途”鞋让大多数游客感到惊奇。
Most of our visitors 　　　　　　　　　　and amazed—by the collection of “special purpose” shoes on exhibition here at the Museum of Footwear.
【综合】
【阅读理解】
A
Plants cannot run or hide,so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten.Some curl up their leaves,others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them,chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack.New research now shows that some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack,letting a plant prepare a preemptive (先发制人的) defense that even works against other pest species.
When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin-Madison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil,nearby tomato plants appeared to notice.They increased their levels of an enzyme (酶),which is known to prevent plant-eating animals.“None of the plants were ever actually attacked,” Orrock says.“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming,and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”
Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails;in the latest study,his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat.The investigators found that hungry caterpillars (毛虫),which usually eat tomato leaves greedily,had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance.This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival,says Orrock.
The finding that a snail’s approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious,a plant communication expert.“It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far-ranging effects,” Karban says.The research was comprehensive,he adds,but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.
“That’s the million-dollar question,” Orrock says.He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.
1.John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to 　　　.
A.make them grow better
B.give them a warning
C.keep plant-eating animals away
D.inform plant-eating animals of danger
2.Why is the example of caterpillars mentioned in Paragraph 3
A.To introduce another animal.
B.To confirm the result of the study.
C.To appeal to people to protect animals.
D.To analyze different resistance chemicals.
3.What does Richard Karban really want to know
A.How tomato plants become aware of danger.
B.What the chemicals in the snail slime are.
C.Whether the research is of practical value.
D.What the finding of the research is.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Watchful Plants
B.Greedy Animals
C.A Snail’s Approach
D.A Defense Attack
B
Food storing is common in members of the crow (乌鸦) family.A new study tested the birds outside this naturally occurring behaviour,which may have evolved (进化) specifically because it gives crows a survival advantage.Some crow species are known to naturally use tools to recover food.So the researchers tested whether the birds could store and recover a tool so they could get it at their food after a gap of 17 hours— something we wouldn’t expect them to do naturally.But they were able to instantly select the tool out of a number of unnecessary items.
In another experiment,the researchers taught crows to select a token (礼品券) from a number of items so that they could then exchange for food.Again,the birds then showed that they could plan for the future using this new behaviour.This is different from all of the previous studies in future planning,which have focused on naturally occurring behaviour.
These studies have shown that animals can plan for the future—but they left an important question open for debate.Are animals only able to plan to use abilities that have evolved to give them a specific advantage,or can they flexibly and intelligently apply planning behaviour across various actions Most critics would say the former,as the animals were tested in naturally occurring behaviours.
But the new research provides the first evidence that animal species can plan for the future using behaviour that doesn’t typically occur in nature.This supports the view that at least some cognitive abilities in animals don’t evolve just in response to specific problems.Instead,it suggests that animals can apply these behaviours flexibly across problems in a similar way to humans.We need to investigate how flexible behaviour evolved.Then we might be able to see how the crows’ ability to plan for the future fits in with their broader cognitive powers.
5.What’s the new finding about some crows according to Paragraph 1
A.They can store food.
B.They can use tools to recover food.
C.They can store and recover tools.
D.They can select and store food.
6.What are crows trained by scientists to do when given a token
A.Reject it casually.
B.Exchange it for food.
C.Save it as their food.
D.Build a nest with it.
7.What do scientists think of the studies that animals can plan for the future
A.They are controversial.
B.They are disappointing.
C.They are contradictory.
D.They are convincing.
8.What can be inferred about cognitive abilities in animals
A.They develop only with age.
B.It is unclear how they’ve evolved now.
C.No animals but crows benefit from them.
D.Planning for the future helps their evolution.
参考答案：
【基础】
【选词填空】
is regarded as
refuse to
come to exist
adapted to
be crowded with
in question
of all time
dates back to
【单句语法填空】
with
evidence
crowded
of
the
【完成句子】
have no evidence
what’s more
be a disgrace
To begin with
are shocked
【综合】
【阅读理解】
A
BBAA
B
CBAB