江苏省徐州市邳州新世纪（东方）学校八年级下册Unit7Grammar课件(44张）

(共44张PPT)
Unit 7 International charities
Grammar
1. Where do ORBIS doctors do operations
ORBIS doctors do operations on the plane.
2.What is needed by ORBIS to help blind people
More money is needed by ORBIS to help blind people.
do active voice 主动语态
is needed Passive Voice
被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。
语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
I hit him.
当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。
He was bit by me.
当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。
(1)We clean the classroom every day.
The classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.
(2)Many people speak English.
English is spoken by many people.
(3)They built a new bridge over the river.
A new bridge was built over the river.
（主动）
（主动）
（主动）
（被动）
（被动）
（被动）
例句：
主语是动作执行者用主动语态，
主语是动作承担者用被动语态。
主语 be 过去分词
I am supported.
You/We/They are
He/She/It is
主语 be not 过去分词
I am not supported.
You/We/They are not
He/She/It is not
一般现在时：
被动语态肯定：主 +be +done
被动语态否定：主 +be+not +done
主语 be 过去分词
I was supported.
You/We/They were
He/She/It was
主语 be not 过去分词
I was not supported.
You/We/They were not
He/She/It was not
一般过去式：
被动语态肯定：主 +be +done
被动语态否定：主 +be+not +done
1.This writer’s books are sold in many countries.
这个作家的书在很多国家被售卖。
2.Rice is grown in China.
水稻被种植在中国。
3.Some windows were broken last night.
昨天晚上一些窗户被打坏了。
4.This book was published in 2003.
在2003年这本书被出版了。
主语 + be + 动词的过去分词
例句：
What is this charity called in English
It is called ORBIS.
练习：
What is the plane used as
It is used as a hospital.
It is also used as a training centre.
How many patients were operated on during Dr Ma’s last visit
During his last visit, 150 patients were operated on.
1）Millie and Amy took the little cat to the animal center yesterday.
2）The 79-year-old man was saved out of a fire last year.
3）This kind of cake is called mooncake.
4）People use a keyboard to type information into
the computer.
5）The windows in our classroom are cleaned once a week.
判断：主动语 态 ( A )/被动语态( B )
A
B
A
B
B
什么情况下用被动语态？
The plane is used as a training centre.
飞机被用作为培训中心。
很明显是谁执行了这个动作。
被动语态的基本用法
His eye problem was cured two months ago.
不知道或不需要知道动作的执行者是谁时。
他的眼部问题两个月之前被治愈了。
动作比动作的执行者更重要。
The lives of patients with eye problems are improved.
眼部有问题的病人的生活被改善了。
The problem was talked about just now.
出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时。
这个问题刚才被讨论过。
被动语态口诀：
谁做的动作不知道，
说出谁做的没必要。
Who do operations on the plane
ORBIS doctors do operations.
改成被动语态：
Operations are done by ORBIS doctors.
在被动语态的句子中, 如果我们需要指出动作的执行者, 可以由by引出。将by sb 放在动词后。
主语+be +done + by sb
1.Activities for the Computer Club are organize by Mr Lin.
计算机俱乐部的活动是由林先生组织的。
2.The little girl was saved by a policeman.
小女孩被警察救了。
3.These photos were taken by Nancy.
这些照片是由南希拍摄的。
例句：
The Class 1, Grade 8 students are talking about the different things people can do for the poor. Look at the pictures and help them complete their notes using the words in brackets and the passive voice. Add the word by when necessary.
A
are planned to help the poor
What they do every year
Charity activities _________________________
(plan/to help the poor).
Leaflets _______________________ ___________________________ (hand out/to people in the street/ volunteers).
are handed out to people
in the street by volunteers
Toys and CDs _____________________
(sell/to raise money).
are sold to raise money
What they did last week
New books _________________________ __________________________________ (send/to children in poor areas/the Class 1, Grade 8 students).
were sent to children in poor
areas by the Class 1, Grade 8 students
Warm clothes __________________________ (collect/for poor people).
were collected for poor people
A charity show _____________________________ (hold/the Students’ Union).
was held by the Students’ Union
Amy and Daniel are talking about plete their conversation with the words in brackets using the passive voice.
Amy: I’m reading a book about Oxfam.
Daniel: Really Please tell me about it.
B
Amy: OK. Oxfam ___________ (set up) in the UK in 1942, and the first Oxfam shop __________ (open) in 1948. Now it has about 15,000 shops in all over the world. A lot of things _________ (sell) in Oxfam shops, including books. The money _______ (use) by Oxfam to help poor people.
was set up
was opened
are sold
is used
Daniel: That’s good. There are also some charity projects in China. One of them ________ (call) Project Hope. It __________ (start) in 1989. With its help, millions of poor children all over the country __________ (give) basic education.
is called
was started
are given
Amy: Yes. Many schools __________ (build) in poor areas
each year.
are built
主动语态 被动语态
Tree Planting Day
on March 12th
We plant trees. (主动语态）
Trees
are planted
by us.
（被动语态）
They built a new bridge.
(主动语态）
（被动语态）
A new bridge
was built
by them.
She saved the boy.
宾语
The boy was saved by her.
主语
谓语
宾语
主语
谓语
口诀：
宾变主，主变宾，by+人后面跟。
谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
“be”要随着主语变，人称时态要弄清。
1.Tom often helps Jenny when she is in trouble.
Jenny is often helped by Tom when she is in trouble.
2.I bought a computer last week.
A computer was bought by me last week.
练习：
3.Many trees are planted by students and teachers every year.
Students and teachers plant many trees every year.
4.She takes good care of the children .
The children are taken good care of by her.
5.The whole cake was eaten by Eddie yesterday.
Eddie ate the whole cake yesterday.
他传给了我一本书。
6.He passed me a book.=He passed a book to me.
一本书被他传给我了。
A book was passed to me by him.
我被他传了一本书。
I was passed a book by him.
1.含可接双宾语的动词（teach，give，pass，show）的句子改成被动语态，当直接宾语作为主语的时候，间接宾语要加介词 to/for.
她给了我一支笔。
She gave me a pen .=She gave a pen to me.
A pen was given to me by her.
I was given a pen by her.
我的妈妈给我买了一辆新自行车。
My mother bought me a new bike.
=My mother bought a new bike for me.
I was bought a new bike by my mother.
A new bike was bought for me by my mother.
exercises
2.在感官动词(watch,hear,see)和使役动词(make,let,have)的主动语态句式中, 动词不定式的to常省去, 但是在被动语态中要加上to。
My mother often makes me do housework.
I am often made to do housework by my mother.
We heard someone open the door.
Someone was heard to open the door by us.
The teacher made him retell the story.
He was made to retell the story by the teacher.
exercises
感官动词(watch,hear,see)和使役动词(make,let,have)
被动语态不省 to
3.不及物动词没有被动语态，因为后面没有宾语。但是 “不及物动词+介词”我们就可以当成及物动词来看，含有“不及物动词（vi）+介词/副词+宾语”变被动语态时，介词副词要保留。
We should speak to old people politely.
Old people should be spoken to politely by us.
主动变被动，
①双宾是特殊，直接宾语做主语，间接宾语要加to（for）
②感官和使役，被动要加 to
③不及动词加介词，变成被动留介词
1.有些动词, 其主动语态形式含有被动意义。
如: 系动词smell, taste, sound, feel 等。
e.g. The dish smells good.
这道菜闻起来很香。
The music sounds nice.
这段音乐听起来不错。
注意:
主动表示被动：
2.一些不及物动词, 常用主动语态, 和well, easily等副词连用, 含有被动意义。如: read, write, draw, sell, wash, cook, clean 等。
e.g. The books sell well. 这些书很畅销。
The pen writes smoothly.
这支笔写起来很顺滑。
1.hand out 分发，提出 =giveout 动副结构
2.hold v.举行 过去式：held 过去分词：held
v.拿着，抓住 He held an apple in his hand.
v.容纳，装得下 The bus can hold about 50 people.
v.使保持特定姿势状态 Hold your breath under water.
3.set up 建起，设立 动副结构
经常指组织，机构，公司等。
4.including 介词. 包含，包括 v. include
听课手册P62页
用动词的被动语态填空:
English ____________(speak) by many people.
The trees _______________(plant) by them.
That building _________(build) two years ago.
This kind of computer ________(make) in China.
The games __________(sell) in may shops.
is spoken
were planted
was built
is made
are sold
用所给动词的被动语态填空:
1) your room ________ (clean) every day
2) Our classroom __________ ( not clean ) yesterday.
3) Both of the two books __________ ( lose) last Sunday.
4) The students ___________ ( ask ) to hand in their homework on time every day.
5) ---When this kind of computer
(make) in Hong Kong
--- In 2000.
Is cleaned
wasn’t cleaned
were lost
are asked
was
made
抓关键词确定时态!
GOOD JOB