2013年初中英语二轮时态语态复习案

2013年初中英语二轮 时态语态复习案
课时目标：
1，了解各种时态的概念及用法。2，了解并掌握被动语态的构成及其用法。
3，掌握主动语态和被动语态的转换。
Task1: 复习各种时态的概念及用法
1，一般现在时： 用法
①表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。eg：I often go to school by bus .
② 表示客观事实或普遍真理。eg:1,The earth is round. 2,Light travels faster than sound .
③当主句为一般将来时的时候，在以if,as soon as ,until,when 等引导的时间，条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。eg: When I grow up , I will go to America .
时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, etc.
基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词
【中考链接】(2011 北京）1，( )I will send you an e-mail as soon as I in Canada.
A arrive B arrived C am arriving D will arrive
2,一般过去时：用法
① 表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 We visited a farm last Sunday .
② 表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。(过去常常做某事也可以用used to do sth 来表示）
When I was in the countryside ,I used to swim in the river .
时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本结构：谓语动词用过去式
【中考链接】（2009 苏州)1,( )--Have you read a book called Jane Eyer ---Who it
A,writes B has written C was writing D wrote
3,一般将来时 用法
① 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。Will you be back in two days
其结构是“”。时间状语如:注：当句中主语是I 或we 时，一般使用shall,表示征求对方的意见。 Where shall we meet tomorrow
② 表示计划，打算做某事，或表示根据目前情况推测某事可能发生。
What are you going to do next Sunday
时间状语：tomorrow, next week (term ,month,...), next Saturday ,in + 一段时间。
基本结构：1 will +动词原形，2 ，be going to + 动词原形
【中考链接】1,（2011，上海）We are glad to hear that the Greens to a new flat next week.
A move B moved C will move D have moved
2, 看那云朵，快要下雨了 。Look at the cloud ,it .
4，现在进行时
用法 ① 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。 I am watching TV now.
② 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态
The students are working on the farm these days . 学生们这些天一直在农场劳动
③ 用现在进行时表示将来 常用这种结构的动词有：go, come,leave,start ,begin 等，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。The bus is coming soon .公共汽车就快要来了。
基本结构：am/is/are + v -ing(现在分词）
时间状语及提示词： now, at present , at the moment , at this time, these days, 具体时刻，如at 7,30 ,look, listen, can't you see , 根据上下文，如Don't make noise ,my father is sleeping .
注：有些词不能用现在进行时，如hear ,like, love ,hate ,want ,would like ,be ,know ,forget etc.
【中考链接】(2011,苏州）-----Please turn off the TV. The baby .-----OK, I'll go out
for a walk . A sleeps B slept C is sleeping D was sleeping
5,现在完成时
用法① 表示发生在过去的或已经完成的对现在仍有影响的动作。
I have lost my key . 我把钥匙丢了。（过去丢的，现在还没找到）
② 表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，并持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常和for +时间段 ，since +时间点连用。表示持续的动作或状态多用延续性动词。
基本结构：have/has + 动词的过去分词
时间状语：recently, lately, since… for… ,in the past few years, etc.
相关副词：already ,yet ,just, ever, never, before, so far 等。
注：1,延续性动词可以与一段时间连用，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。
如： 我离开家乡已有十年了。误：I have left my hometown for 10 years.
正：I have been away from my hometown for 10 years.
2,在否定句中，非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。
3，非延续性动词与一段时间连用时要转化为延续性动词。(见8B Unit 2,grammar)
【中考链接】1,(2012雅安）( ) She this book for nearly three weeks.
A has borrowed B have been to C have gone to D have arrived in
2,翻译： （2012，无锡）布朗先生已经离开无锡三个月多月了，他将于一周后返回。
Mr Brown for more than three months,He will come back in a week .
6,过去进行时
用法 ① 表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作。
② When 和while 引导的时间状语从句中 1,while doing , doing .
2,While doing , do . 3,When do , doing .
③ go ,come ,leave, arrive ,start 等动词，其过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。
基本结构：was/were + v -ing(现在分词）
时间状语：at this time yesterday ,at that time /moment,at ten yesterday 等
【中考链接】(2012,梧州）I met a good friend of mine while I on the street .
A walks B walk C was walking D am walking.
(2012肇庆）翻译：昨天的这个时候，这个年轻人正在等他的朋友。
The young man his friend at this yesterday .
7，过去完成时
用法 过去完成时值得是到过去某个时间为止已经完成的动作或状态，就是“过去的过去”。过去完成时在句中使用时一般必须有一个或暗含有一个发生在过去的动作作为参照。
基本结构：had + done(动词的过去分词)
时间状语：by the time + 一般过去时（动作在后），过去完成时（动作在前）+before，when
【中考链接】（2012，乌鲁木齐）The meeting by the time I got there yesterday .
A was on B has been on C had begun D has begun
8 过去将来时
用法：表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。
基本结构：would +动词原形 He asked when the meeting would start.
【中考链接】(2012舟山）Linda asked me when the sports meeting .
A will be held B is held C was be held D would be held
Task 2 : 被动语态
1，被动语态的基本结构为：be +动词的过去分词
2，各种时态的主动，被动语态结构（以动词do为例）列表如下：
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do/does Am/is/are+done
一般过去时 did Was/were +done
现在进行时 am/is/are +doing Am/is/are+being done
现在完成时 have/has+ done Have/has+been done
一般将来时 will/shall/be going to +do Will/shall/be going to+be done
过去进行时 was/were+doing Was/were+done
过去完成时 had + done Had+done
过去将来时 would/should/be(was,were)going to+do Would/should/be(was,were)going to +be done
含情态动词 can/may/must+do Can/may/must+be done
3,被动语态的用法
被动语态中主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况：
1，不知道动作的执行者是谁。The window was broken yesterday .
2,, 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。Many tall buildings are built in our city every year.
3, 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 English is taught in our school.
4, 动作的执行者不是人。 Most of the houses were destroyed in the earthquake .
【中考链接】( )(2012河北）The Spring Festival in January or February .
A celebrates B is celebrated C celebrated D was celebrated
( )(2012,浙江）A friendly basketball match tomorrow. Anybody is welcome .
A was held B will be held C is held D must be held
4, 主动语态和被动语态的转换。
① 主动语态变被动语态
主动语态 We plant the trees every year .
执行者 承受者
被动语态The trees are planted by us every year .
承受者 执行者
② 带双宾语的谓语动词变被动语态 。
谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间宾转化成主语，也可以将直宾转化为主语。若将间宾转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直宾转化为主语则保留间宾，且在被保留的间宾前加介词to 或for . I was given a book .(间宾me 改主语） A book was given to me .
She was bought a bike.（间宾her改主语） A bike was bought for her。
③短语动词变为被动语态
许多由不及物动词构成的短语，相当于及物动词。可以有宾语，可以有被动语态，但短语动词是个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。
We should take good care of the children .(改被动语态）
The children by us .
④ 带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态
宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语，变被动语态是，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保留在原处，成为主语补足语 。I saw some boys playing football on the playground.
改被动句：Some boy on the playground .
⑤ 被动语态后动词形式的选择
主动句中的感官动词see, hear, watch ,feel, notice 等以及使役动词let ,make ,
Have 等，动词后跟省略to的不定式，变位被动语态时，应加上不定式符号 to 。
The boss made the workers work twelve hours a day .(改被动句）
The workers twelve hours a day .