人教新目标(Go for it)版Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.Section A Grammar Focus-3c课件（40张）

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Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.
Section A Grammar Focus-3c
学习目标
1. 学生能够使用 can, can’t, have to, must, 祈使句
谈论规章制度。
2. 学生能够掌握并运用对话当中呈现的词汇,能复
述和模仿对话。
3. 没有规矩不成方圆，做一个遵规守纪的好学生。
Rules
dining rules
dormitory rules
library rules
class rules
Lead-in
What rules do you know in your school
school rules
what else
Revision
1. A: What are the rules in our school
B: We must be on time for class.
2. A: Can we …
B: Yes, we can. / No, we can’t. We must…
3. A: Do we have to …
B: Yes, we do. / No, we don’t.
Talk about our school rules
Don’t run in the hallways. Don’t fight.
What are the rules We must be on time for class.
Can we eat in the classroom No, we can’t, but we can eat in the dining hall.
Can we wear a hat in class Yes, we can./No, we can’t.
Does he have to wear a uniform at school Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
What do you have to do We have to be quiet in the library.
Grammar Focus
1.祈使句的肯定句和否定句是怎样构成的？一般什么情况下使用祈使句？
2.圈出情态动词， 观察它们在用法上有什么共同点？
3.can 在本单元主要表示什么含义？它还可以表达什么意思？
4.have to 在句法上和其他情态动词的区别在哪里？
Don’t run in the hallways. Don’t fight.
祈使句的否定句在动词原形前加don’t，表示“不要做什么事”。
祈使句的肯定句通常以动词原形前开头，如：
Please be quiet. The baby is sleeping.
祈使句
1.祈使句的定义
(1)用来表示请求、命令、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句因对象（主语）都是第二人称，所以通常省略主语(you)而以动词原形开头，句末用句号或感叹号，读时用降调。
Summary
Please bring some water to me.
请给我拿点水来。（表请求）
Go out! 出去！（表命令）
Don’t run in the hallways.
不要在走廊里跑。（表劝告）
Be careful! 小心！（表警告）
No eating! 禁止吃东西！（表禁止）





2.祈使句的句式
Do
型 肯定句：
动词原形（+宾语）+其他. 请坐。
否定句：
Don’t +动词原形（+宾语）+其他. 不要在这儿跑。
Sit down, please.
Don’t run here.
Be
型 肯定句：
Be +表语+其他. 请安静。
否定句：
Don’t + be +表语+其他. 不要吵闹。
Be quiet, please.
Don’t be noisy.
Let
型 肯定句：
Let+宾语+动词原形+其他. 让我帮你吧。
否定句：
①Don’t let+宾语+动词原形+其他.
②Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他. 别让他走。
Let me help you.
Don’t let him go./
Let him not go.
其他
No+动词-ing/名词! 禁止游泳！
禁止拍照！
(1)表示强调时，可在动词原形前加 do，意为 “一定，务必”。
一定要来看我。
注意
No swimming!
No photos!
Do come to see me.
(2)为表示礼貌，可在祈使句的句首或句末加上 please。
当 please 在句末时，要用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。
请遵守校规。
注意
Please follow the school rules.
＝Follow the school rules, please.
典例剖析
(凉山州中考)
—Mom, can I play computer games this evening
—______ your homework first, and then we’ll talk
about it.
A. Finishing B. Finish
C. To finish D. Finished
(青海中考)
______ on the grass. It’s a rule of the park.
Step B. Don’t step C. To step
典例剖析
What are the rules We must be on time for class.
Can we eat in the classroom No, we can’t, but we can eat in the dining hall.
Can we wear a hat in class Yes, we can./ No, we can’t.
Does he have to wear a uniform at school Yes, he does./
No, he doesn’t.
What do you have to do We have to be quiet in the library.
can/must/have to +动词原形
have to 与其他情态动词不同，有人称和数的变化
情态动词 must 与 have to
1.情态动词 must 的用法
(1)意为“必须”，表示主观的义务或必要，无人称、数和时态的变化。以 must 开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答一般用 must，否定回答一般用 needn’t 或don’t/doesn’t have to，意为“不必”，不用 mustn’t；mustn’t 常用于否定句中，表示“不允许；禁止”。
我必须做作业。
你不能在这儿游泳。
我们必须马上打扫教室吗？
不，你们不必。你们可以放学后打扫。
—________ we clean the classroom at once
—No, you _______. You may clean it after school.
Must
needn’t
I must do my homework.
You mustn’t swim here.
(2)意为“一定；准是”，表示肯定推测，用于肯定句中。
这本书一定是玛丽的。
The book must be Mary’s.
2.情态动词 have to 的用法
(1) have to 意为“必须；不得不”，后接动词原形，表示客观需要做的事情。
现在我不得不离开。
I have to leave now.
(2) have to 有人称、数和时态的变化，其
第三人称单数形式为 has to。
辛迪每天必须铺床。
Cindy has to make the bed every day.
(3)含有 have to 或 has to 的句子需分别借助助动词 do 或 does 构成疑问句或否定句。
她必须早起吗？
你不必8点钟到那儿。
Does she have to get up early
You don’t have to arrive there at eight.
(自贡中考)
—Must we wear school uniforms everywhere
—No, we ______.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t
典例剖析
(青岛中考)
—Allen, shall we go to the bookstore this afternoon
—I’m sorry, David, but I ______ meet my cousin at
the train station.
A. have to B. can C. may D. could
典例剖析
Look at the pictures. Do you know the meaning of these signs
Do you know the rules for the school library
Don’t talk.
Be quiet.
No talking!
Do you know the rules for the school library
We can’t eat or drink anything.
Don’t eat or drink.
No eating or drinking.
Do you know the rules for the school library
We can’t take photos here.
Don’t take photos here.
No photos!
Do you know the rules for the school library
We can’t listen to music.
Don’t listen to music.
No music.
Library Rules
1.__________________ 2.__________________
3.__________________ 4.__________________
Don’t talk.
Don’t eat or drink.
Don’t listen to music.
Don’t take photos.
Write the rules for the school library.
3a
1.No talking.
3. No music.
Do you know these signs
Tips: No+n. / v.-ing = Don’t do
No Swimming
No Parking
No Smoking
No talking
No mobile phone
Must wear mask
Use the words to make questions about
the rules. Then write answers according
to your school.
3b
1. Be quiet
(she/have to /in the library)
Q: Does she have to be quiet in the library
A: Yes, she does.
2. Eat
(he/have to/in the dining hall)
Q: ___________________________________
A: ___________________________________
3. Listen to music
(we/can/in the hallways)
Q: __________________________________
A: __________________________________
Does he have to eat in the dining hall
Yes, he does.
Can we listen to music in the hallways
No, we can’t.
4. Wear a hat
(we/can/in the classroom)
Q: __________________________________
A: __________________________________
Can we wear a hat in the classroom
No, we can’t.
Make up five cool rules for your dream school. Share your rules with the class. Your classmates vote for the Coolest School!
3c
1. We can eat in class.
2. We don’t have to come to school every day.
3. …
At my dream school, we don’t have to come to school every day. We …
Discussion
At my dream school, we don’t have to come to school every day.
We can eat in class.
We don’t have to wear school uniform.
We can listen to music in class.
Report
At my dream school,
We can __________________.
We can’t _________________.
We don’t have to __________.
We don’t have to __________.
We have to /must _________.
Make up the cool rules for your dream school.
Group work
Computer Room Rules
1. ________________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 6. ________________
Discuss and make rules for the computer room in your school.
For example
Computer Room Rules
1. ____________________________________.
2. ____________________________________.
3. ____________________________________.
4. ____________________________________.
5. ____________________________________.
Don’t run in the computer room
Be quiet in the computer room
Don’t eat or drink in the computer room
Wear slippers in the computer room
Clean the computer room every day
Summary
祈使句和情态动词must, can 及 have to 表达规章制度.
① Don’t …
② … can’t …
③ … have to …
④ … must …
⑤ … can …