Module 8 Sports life模块语法训练同步课时练习（含答案）

模块语法聚焦八
一般过去时的被动语态
结构 主语(动作的承受者)＋be(was/were)＋动词过去分词(＋by＋动作执行者).
句式 肯定句 主语＋was/were＋动词过去分词(＋by＋动作执行者)． Many trees were planted last year. 去年植了很多树。
否定句 主语＋was/were＋not＋动词过去分词(＋by＋动作执行者)． Many trees weren't planted last year. 去年没有植很多树。
一般疑问句 Was/Were＋主语＋动词过去分词(＋by＋动作执行者)？ Were many trees planted last year 去年植了很多树吗？
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋动词过去分词(＋by＋动作执行者)？ When were many trees planted 什么时候植了很多树？
注意事项 主动语态中，带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，动词不定式的位置不变。 The school encouraged Liu Xiang to train for the high jump.学校鼓励刘翔训练跳高。 →Liu Xiang was encouraged (by the school) to train for the high jump.刘翔被(学校)鼓励训练跳高。
在主动语态中，动词make, let, see, hear, feel, watch, find, notice等后接不带to的动词不定式，变被动语态时，不定式符号to要补出来。 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.这位老板使工人们一天工作12个小时。 →The workers were made to work 12 hours a day (by the boss)．工人们被迫一天工作12个小时。
含有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态 将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变。 He gave me a book.他给了我一本书。 →I was given a book.我被给了一本书。 →A book was given to me. 一本书被给了我。
将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前须有介词 to (give, pass, lend, show, send等)或for (buy, make, draw等)。
Ⅰ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．There was an earthquake yesterday, but luckily nobody________ (hurt)．
2．2020·大庆Some of the world's greatest books ________ (write) long ago.
3．This road________ (build) last year.
4．He________ (invite) to competitions around the world last year.
5．At first, they________ (encourage) to train for the competition.
Ⅱ.单项选择
(　　)6.2020·重庆BWhen I was young, I ________ by my grandparents.
A．look after B．looked after
C．am looked after D．was looked after
(　　)7.2020·重庆AAnother bridge over the Jialing River ________ last year.
A．builds B．built
C．is built D．was built
(　　)8.2020·淮安Last year Huai'an Flyover(高架桥) ________. Now it brings much convenience to people.
A．finished B．finishes
C．is finishing D．was finished
(　　)9.2020·北京The kite________ in China more than 2，000 years ago.
A．invents B．invented
C．is invented D．was invented
(　　)10.2020·株洲The last BeiDou navigation satellite (北斗卫星导航) ________ successfully last month.
A．was sent up B．sent up
C．has sent up
答案
语法精练
Ⅰ.1.was hurt　2.were written　3.was built
4．was invited　5.were encouraged
Ⅱ.6.D　动词的时态和语态。句意：当我小的时候，我爷爷奶奶照顾我。根据句意以及标志词by判断用被动语态，排除A和B项；再根据时间状语“When I was young”可知用一般过去时。故选D。
7．D　动词的时态和语态。 本句主语“Another bridge”与动词build之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态；再根据时间状语“last year”可知应用一般过去时。故选D。
8．D　动词的时态和语态。句意：淮安高架桥于去年完成，现在它给人们带来很大的方便。主语“Huai'an Flyover”和谓语动词finish之间存在被动关系，用被动语态；再根据时间状语“last year”可知用一般过去时。故选D。
9．D　动词的时态和语态。句意：风筝是中国在2000多年前发明的。主语“The kite”与动词invent之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；再根据时间状语“more than 2，000 years ago”可知用一般过去时。故选D。
10．A　动词的时态和语态。句意：最后一颗北斗卫星在上个月成功发射。北斗卫星是被发射，因此用被动语态；“last month”是过去的时间，应用一般过去时。故选A。