中考专题复习--4 形容词、副词(考点指南+热点题型+名师押题)

文档属性

名称 中考专题复习--4 形容词、副词(考点指南+热点题型+名师押题)
格式 zip
文件大小 64.9KB
资源类型 教案
版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2013-05-14 19:56:58

文档简介

形容词、副词热点过关
(B)1.–What a hot day!
–The weather report says it will be even _____ tomorrow.
A. cooler B. hotter C. wetter D. colder
【点拨】B。根据题意和句中的even,选择形容词hotter合适。
(A)2.–I saw you come to school by bus this morning.
–Oh, I _____ come to school by bus, but it is raining today.
hardly B. always C. sometimes D. usually
【点拨】A。题意:“今天早上我看到你作公交车来上学。”“哦,我很少做公交车上学的,但是今天在下雨。”因此,选A符合逻辑。
(B)3.–Remember this, John. _____ careful you are, _____ mistakes you will make.
–Thanks, Miss Rose.
The more; the less B. The more; the fewer
C. The less; the fewer D. The more; the more
【点拨】B。本题考查了比较级的一个句型:the more …, the more …,意思是“越……就越……”。意思是:你越仔细,犯的错误就越少。
(B)4. Taking buses in Beijing is _____ than taking a taxi.
A. more cheap B. much cheaper C. a little cheap D. less cheaper
【点拨】B。本题考查了形容词比较级的修饰语。选项A和D是错误的构成,C选项没有使用比较级。故选B。
(A)5.—Was Henry late for the concert yesterday
—No. He got there even ten minutes ___________ than us two.
A. earlier B. earliest C. later D. latest
【点拨】A。本题考查比较级和最高级的分辨。本题句中明确提到:than us two。根据题意,选A是必然。
(C)6. She always does her homework ______ than her brother.
A. more careful B. careful C. more carefully D. carefully
【点拨】C。本题首先考查的是形容词和副词的分辨使用。这里是修饰动词does her homework短语的,因此必须使用副词;其次,句子中比较明显使用了比较级,因此选C。
(A)7. The boy doesn't speak his sister, but his written work is very good.
A. as well as B. so good as C. more better than D. more worse than
【点拨】A。本题的C,D选项在比较级的构成上是错误的,可以首先排除;在A和B两个选项中选well修饰动词speak才合适。
(B)8. ---_________ will you come back
---In an hour.
A. How long B. How soon C. How far D. How often
【点拨】B。How often是问频率的,How soon是问“要多久才……”,常和一般将来时搭配使用,How long是问“多长(长度)”或“多长(时间)”,How far是问“多远(距离)。
(A)9. This kind of skirt looks ____ and sells ____.
A. nice; well B. nice; good C. well; well D. good; nice
【点拨】A。本题中looks市系动词,后接形容词作表语,sell是动词,后接副词作状语,因此选A。
(D)10. —I'm ______, mum. Can I have something to drink
—OK. Here's some cola.
A.full B.heavy C.hungry D.thirsty
【点拨】D。题中问句是要找东西喝(drink),答句中提供了cola,因此,选thirsty。
C部分:名师押题
1. I have______ to do today.
A. anything important   B. something important
  C. important nothing   D. important something
【答案】 B。形容词修饰复合不定代词时应放在其后面。故排除C、D,句意是“我今天有重要的事情要做”,表示肯定用something。
2. —Is chemistry more difficult than physics?
  —No,chemistry isn’t as______ as physics.
  A. easy   B. difficult C. easier   D. more difficult
【答案】 B。(not)as…as中应接形容词原级,结合上句“化学没有物理难”,故B是正确的。
3. Beijing is becoming ________ and________.
  A. more beautiful; more  B. beautiful; beautiful
  C. more; more beautiful  D. more beautiful; more beautiful
【答案】 C。比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越…”,多音节的形容词“more and more+形容词”。
4. _______ children there are in a family, _______ their life will be.
A. The less; the better  B. The fewer; the better
  C. Fewer; richer   D. More; poorer
【答案】 B。the+比较级,the+比较级,表示“越……越……”,由句意得知“家里孩子越少,生活会越好”。children是可数名词,应用few来修饰。
5. The experiment was ________ easier than we had expected.
  A. more   B. much more C. much   D. more much
【答案】 C。 much可修饰比较级,easier本身已是比较级,不能再用more。
6. Oct 15th was one of ________ days in 2003. The Shenzhou-V was sent up successfully.
  A. exciting   B. more exciting C. the most exciting  D. much exciting
【答案】 C。根据“one of+最高级+复数名词”固定句型应选C。
7. It’s seven o’clock in the afternoon, but they are _______ having a meeting.
  A. already   B. still C. yet   D. ever
【答案】 B。still意为“仍旧,仍然”,这句话的意思是:现在已经是下午七点,他们仍旧在开会。
8. Remember not to speak _______ when we are in the reading room.
  A. fast   B. slowly C. politely   D. loudly
【答案】 D。“在阅览室里不要大声说话”,副词loudly修饰动词speak.
9. —______ has this food store been in business?
  —Since 2001.
  A. How long   B. How often C. How old   D. How soon
【答案】 A。“since+过去时间点”为“从过去的某一时间到现在”,表示一段时间,故选“how long”.
10. —What was the weather like yesterday?
—It was terrible. It rained so _______ that people could _______ go out.
  A. hardly…hard   B. hardly…hardly
  C. hard…hardly   D. hard…hard
【答案】 C。rain在句中是动词,作谓语,后面用副词修饰,hard作副词,是“猛烈地”的意思,hardly是“几乎不”的意思。
11. Don’t eat the meat. It smells ______.
A. terrible B. badly C. delicious D. good
【答案】A 。smell 在句中是系动词,意为“闻起来”,后接形容词作表语,先可排除选项B;由上文“不要吃那肉了”这句话可以推出下文意思为“它闻起来有些不太好了”,表示“不好的”,用terrible。答案:A。
12. To protect environment is ______ to take care of our lives.
A. important B. as important as C. more important D. the most important
【答案】B。题干意思是“保护环境和保护我们的生命一样重要”,表示的是双方在重要程度方面相等,所以用“as+形容词原级+as”的结构。答案:B。
13. It is ______ cheaper and ______ enjoyable to travel by train than by plane.
A. much, far more B. very, very much C. more, much more
【答案】A。此题主要是考查形容词的修饰语。very和more不能修饰形容词比较级,先可排除选项B和C;形容词enjoyable的比较级形式为more enjoyable;much和far可以修饰形容词比较级。答案:A。
14. So _______homework really makes the students feel tired.
A. much B. many C. little D. few
【答案】A 。homework 是个不可数名词,many和few只能修饰可数名词,因此这两项可以排除。根据句子的意思,C项是不符合实际的。答案:A。
15. Sam isn’t _______ than Ben. They are the same.
A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
【答案】B。本句表示的是两者间的比较,所以应该使用比较级形式。答案:B。
16. _______ children there are in a family, _______ their life will be.
A. The less; the better  B. The fewer; the better
  C. Fewer; richer   D. More; poorer
【答案】B。the+比较级,the+比较级,表示“越……越……”,由句意得知“家里孩子越少,生活会越好”。children是可数名词,应用few来修饰。答案:B。
17. ---_________ do you have PE lessons
---Three times a week.
A. How long B. How soon C. How many D. How often
【答案】D。从答语得知是问频率,“多经常”。答案:D
18. Western people ________ use Mr. or Mrs. Before their given names.
A. always B. often C. sometimes D. never
【答案】D。考查频率副词以及对西方文化的了解,西方人是从不把Mr. 或Mrs. 用在名字之前的。答案:D
19. If you don’t want to go swimming, I won’t ____.
A. too B. also C. either D. neither
【答案】C。表示否定的“也”, “你不想游泳,我也不想”。答案:C
20 He never does his work _______ Mary.
A. as careful as B. so careful as C. as carefully as D. carefully as
【答案】C。副词carefully修饰动词“does”, 用于同级比较中, 表示“他做工作从不像玛丽那么认真”。答案:C
21.—The classroom is ____clean ____it was yesterday.
—Sorry,I forgot to clean it.
A.as;as B.so;as C. not so;as D.more:than
【答案】C。题意:“教室不如昨天干净了。”“抱歉,我忘记打扫了。”根据答语可知,忘记打扫应该是不如以前干净,用“not so/as+形容词或副词原级 + as”句型。
22.—____do you have an English party
—0nce a month.
A. How old B. How far C. How often D.How long
【答案】C。题意:“你们多久举行一次英语晚会 ”“一个月一次。”根据答语once a month可知询问频率,用how often。how old询问年龄;how far询问多远;how long询问时间或物体长度。
23.I could ____solve the problem without your help.
A. always B. often C.hardly D.sometimes
【答案】C。题意:没有你的帮助我几乎不能解决这个难题。Hardly“几乎不”,符合题意。always"一直”;often“"经常”;sometimes“有时”。
24.—Dick,is Nick your twin brother
—Yes,and I’m ____than him.
A. more tall B. taller C.more taller D. tallest
【答案】B。题意:“迪克,尼克是你的孪生弟弟吗 ”“是的,我比他高一厘米。”由than可知用比较级,tall的比较级是taller,修饰比较级时一般用much,a little,a lot等,more不用于修饰比较级。
25.The old man lives ____,but he never feels ____.
A. alone;alone B.1onely;lonely
C.1onely;alone D.alone;lonely
【答案】D题意:这个老人独自居住,但他从未感到孤独。本题中alone为副词修饰动词live,意为“独自地”;lonely为形容词,意为“孤独的”。
26.Don’t laugh at her.She is ____any of the others in your class.
A.as clever a student as B. as a clever student as
C、so clever a student as D.so a clever student like
【答案】A。题意:不要嘲笑她。她的聪明程度不亚于你们班上任何一名学生。“as+形容词+a/an+名词单数+as”结构,意为“像……一样”,否定句中用“not so/as+ a/an+名词单数+as’’结构,意为“不如……”。
27.How beautifully he sings! I've never heard ____.
A. the better voice B. a good voice C.the best voice D.a better voice
【答案】D。题意:他唱的多么动听啊!我从未听过这么好的嗓音。本题中形容词的比较级与否定词连用表示最高级意义。
28.The music in the supermarket sounded so ____ that I wanted to leave at once.
A. soft B. wonderful C.friendly D.noisy
【答案】D。题意:超市的音乐如此嘈杂,我想马上离开。noisy“嘈杂的”,符合题意。soft“柔软的”;wonderful“美好的”;friendly”“友好的”。
29.We should not eat ____meat.
A.too many B.much too C. too much D.many too
【答案】C。题意:我们不应该吃太多的肉。meat为不可数名词,因此用much修饰。too much“太多的”,修饰不可数名词;much too“太”,修饰形容词或副词。
30.—Is your grandpa better now
—Er,in fact,things are ____.Doctors are trying their best.
A. going bad B.getting ill C.going worst D.getting worse
【答案】D。题意:“你爷爷现在情况好些了吗 ”“嗯,事实上,现在情况变得更加糟糕了,医生正在全力抢救。”系动词go/get意为“变得”,结合句意,“变得更糟”用get/go worse。
31.—Where is Mrs. Wilson
—I saw her in the library ____.I'm not sure if she is still there.
A.right now B. just now C. at once D. so far
【答案】B。题意:“威尔逊夫人在哪里 ”“我刚才在图书馆看到了她,不知道她是否还在那里。”just now t。刚才”,符合题意。right now“立刻、马上”;at once“立刻、马上”;so far“到目前为止,迄今为止”。
32.—What a hot day!
—The weather report says it will be even ____tomorrow.
A. cooler B. hotter C. wetter D.colder
【答案】B。题意:“多么热的一天啊!”“天气预报说,明天会更热。” even后面常接形容词或副词的比较级形式,表示“比……更,更加”,hot意为“热的”,符合题意。cool“凉爽的”;wet'“潮湿的”;cold“寒冷的”。
33.We are going to have a party ____next week.
A sometime B some time C sometimes D-some times
【答案】A。题意:我们下周的某个时候有个聚会。sometime意为“某个时候”,可以指将来也可以指过去。some time意为“一段时间”;sometimes意为“有时”;some times意为“几次;几倍”。
34.—Can you hear me
—No,I can’t.Would you please speak ____
A. clearly enough B.clear enough C.enough clear D.enough clearly
【答案】A。题意:“你能听到我讲话吗 ”“不能。请你再讲清楚些好吗 ”enough修饰副词时,应置于其后。
35.Mary studies harder ____in her class.
A.as any one B. than any other girl
C.than the other D. than anyone
【答案】B。题意:玛丽学习比她班上任何一个女生都努力。“比较级+than any other+表示范围的短语或从句”是用比较级表示最高级的概念,故选B。
36.The movie is so ____that it makes me feel ____.
A.exciting;exciting B excited;excited
C.exciting;excited D.excited;exciting
【答案】C。题意:这部电影如此令人振奋,以至于我很兴奋。exciting常用物作主语,表示“令人兴奋的”;excited常用人作主语,表示“感到兴奋的”。
37.—l will give you some nice picture books.
—Good.The ____the ____.
A. more;better B. many;better C.most;best D.much:better
【答案】A。题意:“我将给你一些漂亮的图画书”。“太好了,越多越好。”the+比较级,the+比较级,表示“越……就越……”。
38.—Granny,you look so weak.What’s wrong with you
—Terrible.The factory made ____noise.It was ____noisy that I couldn’t sleep well last night.
A. too much;so B.much too;so C.too much;too D.many;much
【答案】A。题意:“奶奶,你看起来很虚弱,你怎么了 ”“太糟糕了,这个工厂噪音很大。太吵了,以至于我昨天晚上没有睡好觉。”too much“太多”,修饰不可数名词;much too“非常,太”,后面跟形容词或副词;It is so+形容词+that从句表示“如此……以至于……”。
39.---What do you think of the football match
---Wonderful.They have never played ____.
A. best B.better C. worse D.worst
【答案】B。题意:“你认为这场足球比赛怎样 ”“很好。他们踢得没有比这次更好的了。,,比较级和never,no等否定词连用表示最高级的含义;由wonderful可知应选better而不是worse。
40.Of all the students in our class,she is ____.
A most careful B careful C.more careful D.the most careful
【答案】D。题意:我们班所有同学中,她是最认真的。三者或三者以上进行比较,用最高级,形容词最高级前用定冠词。
41.---Why don’t you like winter in Beijing
---Because it is ____winter in Guangzhou.
A.as cold as B. much colder than
C.not so cold as D.not colder than
【答案】B。题意:“你为什么不喜欢北京的冬天 ”“因为它比广州的冬天冷多了。” much修饰形容词比较级,表示“……得多”;根据事实情况,北京的冬天比广州冷的多,所以用much colder than…。as…as…意为“和……一样”;not as/so…as…是原级比较用法的否定句式,意为“不如……”。not…than意为“不如……”,A,C,D三项均与事实不符。
42.—I don’t have enough money.This watch is too expensive.
—L00k,there fire 50me more over there.They’re ____and nice.
A. big B.old C.small D.cheap
【答案】D。题意:“我没有足够的钱。这个手表太贵了。”“看,那边有更多韵手表。它们很便宜很好看。”由题意可知,此处该填expensive的反义词。cheap“便宜的”,符合题意。bi9“大的”;old“年老的”;small“小的”。
43.I had a hard time with math and l wasn’t——to get the bad report from my math teacher.
A. sure B. surprised C. excited
【答案】B。题意:“我在数学方面感到很费劲,所以从数学老师那拿到很差的成绩单时我不感到吃惊。”surprised“令人吃惊的”,符合题意。sure“肯定的”;excited“令人激动的”。
44.—Dad,it’s such a long way from our home to the park!
—You mean it’s ____to take a taxi
A. popular B.necessary C. possible D. important
【答案】B。题意:“爸爸,从家里到公园是一段很长的路啊!”“你的意思是说有必要打的过去 ”necessary“必需的,必要的”,符合题意。popular“受欢迎的,流行的”;possible“可能的”;important“重要的”。
45.Some students spend ____time on the Internet.They forget to study,eat and sleep.They can’t even communicate with people in real life.
A. too many B.many too C. too much D.much too
【答案】C。题意:一些学生在网络上花费了太多的时间。他们忘记了学习、吃饭和休息。他们甚至不在
真实生活中与人交流。time为不可数名词,用much来修饰。too much意为“太多”,much too意为“太,非常”。
46.—I saw you come to school by bus this mornin9.
—Oh,I ____come to school by bus,but it is raining today.
A. hardly B. always C. sometimes D.usually
【答案】A。题意:“我看见你今天早晨乘公共汽车来的学校。”“哦,我平时几乎不乘公共汽来,但是今天下雨了。”由答语中的but可知,回答者平时几乎不乘公交车,所以用hardly'。几乎不”。always"一直”;sometimes“有时”;usually'‘通常”。
47.—Who did English homework better,Leo or Nick
—Leo is more careful.I think Leo did ____Nick.
A as good as B.as well as C.better than D.worse than
【答案】C。题意:“谁做英语作业更好些,利奥还是尼克 ”“利奥更认真。我认为利奥比尼克做得好。”利奥比尼克做得更好,两者比较用比较级,故选C。
48.—It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures.
—Right.That’s what she likes to do ____.
A. more B. less C.most D.1east
【答案】C。题意:“除了画画,爱丽丝看起来什么都不想做.” “是的,那是她最喜欢做的事情。由right可知,画画是爱丽丝最爱做的事情,所以应该选表示最高级意义的词,故选C。
49. We are happy that our country has developed ______ these years than before.
A. quickly B. less quickly C. more quickly D. most quickly
【答案】C。考查副词的比较级,“我们国家这些年发展得比以前更快了”。答案:C
50. ---I always listen to the teacher _______ in class.
---It’s very clever of you to do that.
A. free B. freely C. careful D. carefully
【答案】D。修饰动词的要用副词,排除A和C,又由题意可知应选D。形容词、副词热点专题
热点考点:
第1类:形容词和副词作为修饰语的判断 第2类:形容词在句中的位置
第3类:频度副词的位置和用法 第4类:enough作修饰语时的位置
第5类:形容词或副词的原级比较 第6类:形容词或副词比较级的基本结构
第7类:形容词或副词比较级形式表示最高级意义 第8类:形容词或副词比较级的修饰语
第1类:形容词和副词作为修饰语的判断
例题1:
—Speak____,please,because I can’t hear a word from the back.
—Well,it’s____ enough.
A.1oudly;loudly B.1ouder:loud
C.1oud;louder D.1oud;too loud
【点拨】B。题意:“请大声说,因为我从后面什么也听不到。”“已经够大声了。”由题意可知,要求说话更大声一点,要用副词的比较级形式。loud既可作副词也可作形容词;loudly只能用作副词,第二个空要用形容词作表语,故答案选B。
例题2:
He looked____ at her and I knew that he really got____.
A.angry;angrily B.angrily;angry
C angry:angry D.angrily;anger
【点拨】B。他生气地看着她,我知道他真的生气了。第一空look at是短语动词,故用副词angrily来修饰;第二空get是系动词“变得”,需用形容词angry作表语,故选B。
第2类:形容词在句中的位置
例题:
—Have you read today’s newspaper
—Not yet.Is there____
A. anything important B. nothing interesting C. important anything
【点拨】A。题意:“你看今天的报纸了吗 ”“还没有。有什么重要的事情吗 ”根据题意,在一般疑问句中应用anything,且形容词作定语修饰复合不定代词时,一般位于不定代词之后。
第3类:频度副词的位置和用法
例题:
—Miss Gao is very popular with her students.
—Yes. Her classes are ____lively and interesting.
A seldom B.never C sometimes D.always
【点拨】D。题意:“高老师很受学生欢迎。”“是的,她的课总是生动有趣。”always",总是”,符合题意。never“从不”;seldom"很少”sometimes“有时”。 频度副词常位于行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后;句中有多个助动词或情态动词时,则置于第一个助动词之后。
第4类:enough作修饰语时的位置
例题:
Tom went to school because he felt ____.
A enough well B.well enough C good enough D.enough good
【点拨】B。题意:汤姆去上学了,因为他感觉很好。feel well“感觉很好”是习惯用法。enough用作副词修饰副词或形容词时,位于其后,故选B。
第5类:形容词或副词的原级比较
例题:
The boy doesn’t speak ____his sister,but his written work is very good.
A. as well as B. so good as C. more better than D. more worse than
【点拨】A。题意:男孩说得没他姐姐好,但他写得很好。修饰比较级用much,a little等,不能用more,排除B,D。修饰动词speak,应该用副词,故选well, as well as意为 “和……一样好”。
形容词和副词原级比较常用as+原级形容词as…结构,该结构表示两个人或物在某方面程度相同,第一个as是副词,第二个as是连词;表示否定意义时,常用not as/so+原级形容词或副词as…结构,此结构表示甲在某方面不如乙。
第6类:形容词或副词比较级的基本结构
例题1:
The traffic is so heavy! You should drive ____than before.
A.very quickly B.more quickly C. very carefully D. more carefully
【点拨】D。题意:交通太拥挤了。你开车时要比平时更小心。根据题意,表示现在与以前开车相比较,两者进行比较用比较级,修饰动词drive用副词。根据第一句可知,这是表示“开车要更小心”,故选D。
两个事物进行比较一般用比较级,其基本结构为“形容词或副词比较级+than”。表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更……”时,用句型“which/who is +形容词比较级,A or B?”。有些比较级没有明显的比较对象,而是暗含在句子或段落中,暗含的比较级常常是同学们在考试中最容易犯错的地方。
例题2:
The number of giant pandas is getting ____because their living areas are becoming farmlands.
A. less and less B. larger and larger C. smaller and smaller D. fewer and fewer
【点拨】D。题意:大熊猫的数量变的越来越少,因为它们的居住地在逐渐变成耕地。本题中四个选项都是“比较级+and+比较级”的结构,表示“越来越”,结合句意,修饰“the number”,故选A。
例题3:
—Remember this,John.____careful you are,____mistakes you will make.
—Thanks,Miss Rose.
A. The more;the less B.The more;the fewer
C. The less;the fewer D.The more:the more
【点拨】B。“the+比较级,the+比较级”的结构,表示“越……,越……”,表示一方的程度随另一方程度的增长而增长。mistake为可数名词,用few修饰。故选B。
第7类:形容词或副词比较级形式表示最高级意义
例题:
This morning Jack came to School ____than ____student in his class.
A.much late;any B.much late;any other
C.much later;any D、much later;any other
【点拨】D。题意:今天早上杰克到校比其他任何学生都晚得多。由than可以判断句子应该用比较级,故排除A,B两项;“比较级+than any other+名词单数”是比较级表示最高级的结构,故选D项。much修饰比较级,表示程度。
形容词或副词比较级表示最高级意义时,常用如下结构:
(1)形容词或副词比较级+than any other+名词单数
Julie is younger than any other girl in her family.朱丽叶是她家年龄最小的女孩。
(2)形容词或副词比较级+than anyone/anything else
Time is more valuable than anything else.时间是最珍贵的东西。
(3)形容词或副词比较级+than all other+名词复数
Tom is thinner than all other boys in his class.汤姆是他班上最瘦的男孩
第8类:形容词或副词比较级的修饰语
例题:
Look! Linyi is ____now than it used to be.
A.quite beautiful B.the most beautiful
C.very beautiful D.much more beautiful
【点拨】D。题意:看!临沂现在比它原来漂亮多了。由than可知,空格处应为比较级,much修饰比较级,表示“……得多”,故选D。
在比较级前一般可用much,a little,a lot even ,still,far,a bit等来修饰说明程度,但不可用very, quite, rather等修饰。形容词、副词考试指南
◆课标中考考查要求:
熟练掌握形容词的作用与位置;
了解常用形容词的句型;
理解副词的分类、用法和构成;
常见副词的用法比较;
形容词和副词的分辨;
熟记形容词、副词比较等级的构成及用法。
◆知识清单 :
1. 形容词的用法
1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如:
Our country is a beautiful country. (作定语)
The fish went bad. (作表语)
We keep our classroom clean and tidy. (作宾语补足语)
2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。
  I have something important to tell you.
3) 多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:
  限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)——描绘词(大小,长短,形状,新旧,长幼,颜色)——出处——材料性质——类别——名词。如:
a small round table; a dirty old black shirt;a famous American medical school
4) the+形容词表示一类人或物
The rich should help the poor.
6) 形容词常用句型
  A. “It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。
  注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。
  It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)
  It’s foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)
  
B.“It’s +adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。
  注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的)等。
It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)
  It’s necessary for us to get to school on time.(=To get to school on time is necessary for us.)
  
2. 副词的用法
1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语。
He studies very hard. (作状语)
When will you be back (作表语)
副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类:
时间副词
时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有:now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always(频率)等。
地点副词
地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有:here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。.
方式副词
方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的?”这类问题的,其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有:anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。
程度副词
程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词,有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有:much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。
疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有:how, when, where, why等。
2). 副词在句中的位置
A. 多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语,则放在宾语之后。例如:
Mr. Smith works very hard.
B. 频度副词作状语时,通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词,助动词和be动词之后。例如:
I’ve never heard him singing.
She is seldom ill.
C. 程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时,通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如:
It is a rather difficult job.
He runs very fast.
He didn’t work hard enough.
3). 部分常用副词的用法
A. very, much
这两个副词都可表示“很”,但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级,而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如:She is a very nice girl.
Much可以修饰动词,而very则不能。例如: They did not talk much.
B. also,too,as well与either 的区别
also,as well,too,用于肯定句,also常用于be动词,情态动词,助动词之后,行为动词之前;as well,too用于句末;either用于否定句中,置于句末。例如:
My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.
  =My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.
  =My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher, too.
  I can’t speak French. Jenny can’t speak French, either.
C. already, yet
already一般用于语肯定句,yet一般用于否定句。
D. so, neither
so和neither都可用于倒装句, 但so表示肯定,neither表示否定。例如:
My brother likes football and so do I.
My brother doesn’t like dancing and neither do I.
E. so与such的区别
⑴so修饰形容词或副词;such 修饰名词,例如:
My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.
  He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。
⑵so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词,其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”; such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词,名词前可以有形容词作定语,其结构是”such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”, “such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”。
He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.
  ⑶如果可数名词复数前有many,few或不可数名词前有much,little修饰,用so不用such.
F. sometime,sometimes,some time与some times的区别
  sometime:某一时间,某一时刻,可指将来时,也可指过去时
  sometimes:有时,不时的
  some time:一段时间
  some times:几次,几倍
We’ll have a test sometime next month.
  Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.
  He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.
  I have been to Beijing some times.
G. ago与before的区别
  ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。
before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独使用。例如:
I saw him ten minutes ago.
  He told me that he had seen the film before.
H. now,just与just now的区别
  now:与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用,意为“现在”
  just:与现在完成时、过去完成时连用,表示“刚……”
  just now:和过去时连用,表示“刚才”
Where does he live now?
We have just seen the film.
  He was here just now.
4). 兼有两种形式的副词
A. close与closely
close意思是 "近"; closely 意思是"仔细地"
He is sitting close to me.
Watch him closely.
B. late 与lately
late意思是 "晚"; lately 意思是"最近"
You have come too late.
What have you been doing lately
C. deep与deeply
deep意思是 "深",表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
Even father was deeply moved by the film.
D. high与highly
high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much
The plane was flying high.
I think highly of your opinion.
E. wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是 "广泛地","在许多地方"
He opened the door wide.
English is widely used in the world.
hard与hardly
hard的意思是“刻苦地”;hardly的意思是“几乎不”
He always works hard.
I can hardly believe my eyes.
near与nearly
near的意思是“靠近、接近”;nearly的意思是“将近,差不多”
My sister stands near to me.
It's nearly ten o'clock.
3. 形容词,副词的比较级、最高级
1) 比较等级的构成
A.规则变化
  单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。
构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est tall(高的) taller tallest
以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数双音节词只加-r,-st nice(好的) nicer nicest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est big(大的) bigger biggest
"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est easy(容易的) easier easiest
少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest
其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most important(重要的) more important most important
B.不规则变化
good(好的) better best; well(健康的) better best;
bad (坏的) worse worst; ill(有病的) worse worst
old (老的) older/elder oldest/eldest; much/many(多的) more most;
little(少的) less least ; far (远的) farther/further farthest/furthest
2) 形容词,副词等级的用法
原级的用法
只能修饰原级的词,very,quite,so,too
  He is too tired to walk on.
B. 原级常用的句型结构
  (1)“甲+动词+(倍数)+as+形容词、副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”
  (2)“甲+动词+not+as/so+形容词、副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…
比较级的用法
可以修饰比较级的词,much,a lot,far(…的多),a little,a bit(…一点儿),even(甚至),still(仍然)。
B. 比较级常用的句型结构
  (1)“甲+动词+(倍数)+形容词、副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”
  (2)“甲+动词+形容词、副词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”,含义是“甲最……”。
  The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.
注意:The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan.
(3)“甲+动词+the+形容词、副词比较级+of the two+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”。
Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.
(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
  He is getting taller and taller.
  The flowers are more and more beautiful.
  (5)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”。
  The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
  (6)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级,甲or乙?”
Which is bigger,the earth or the moon?
“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级,甲or乙?”
Who draws better,Jenny or Danny?
最高级常用句型结构
  (1)“主语+动词+ the+形容词、副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
  Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.
  (2)“主语+be+ one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。
  Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.
  (3)“特殊疑问词+动词+ the+最高级+甲,乙,or丙?”。
Which country is the largest,China,Brazil or Canada?
◆历年真题(原题号保留)
(D)1.
---How old is the baby
---He is ______.
A. six-months-old B. six-month-old C. six-month old D. six months old
答案:D。
【解析】本题考查了形容词作表语的用法。A,C选项构成有错误,B选项是做定语用的合成形容词,都不适合在本体使用。
(D) 2.
— There is a smile on Miss Gao’s face. She must be _____ with Sam’s work.
— I think so. No one did as _____ as him in our class.
A.angry; well B.pleasing; good C.strict; good D.pleased; well
答案:D。
【解析】本题第一个空考查了形容词作表语的用法,根据题意要选pleased,第二个空考查了副词作状语的用法。故选D。
(A)3 .
---This dish tastes _______.
---Thank you. It _____ by Mr Smith.
A. good, was cooked B. well, cooks C bad, is cooked D. terrible, cooked
答案:A。
【解析】本题第一个空的考点是形容词在系动词后作表语。根据题意,只有A符合。
(A)4 .
The teacher looked at her students ______when they were saved. We also felt _____for them.
A. happily,happy B. happy,happily C. happy,happy D. happily,happily
答案:A。
【解析】本题考查了形容词和副词在使用时的区别。在句子中,形容词常作表语,而副词常作状语。因此本题选A。
◆探索发现:同学们,请你体会并总结一下中考的命题方向和趋势:
________________________________
◆命题规律一:(点击展开)
◆1. 中考真题考查了形容词作表语的用法;
◆2. 中考真题考查了形容词和副词在句子中的句法作用对比;
◆3. 中考真题考查了副词作状语的用法。
(D) 5.
---Travelling by plane is _____than travelling by train.
---Yes, but it is not so ______as travelling by train.
A.quickly, cheaper B. more quick, cheaply
C. quick, more cheap D. quicker, cheap
答案:D。
【解析】本题考查了形容词和副词的区分使用。题中两个空格处所需的词都是做表语的,因此,都应该是形容词,第一个空是比较级,第二个空是原级,因此选D。
(C) 6.
---Mum, I think I’m ______to get back to school.
---Not really, my dear. You’d better ______at home for another day or two.
A. so well, stay B. so good, to stay
C. well enough, stay D. good enough, to stay
答案:C。
【解析】本题从第一个空来看考点是good和well的区别。两个词都可以做形容词,但是well作形容词时的意思是:健康的。据此可以排除A和B。had better要求后接动词原形,故选C。
(B) 7.
---The cake looks__________
---Yes,and it tastes even________
A.well,good B. nice,better C.good, worse D.better, best
答案:B
【解析】本题第一个空的考点是正确区分形容词和副词,本题中looks市系动词,后接形容词作表语,因此排除A和D;第二个空的考点考查句意和even修饰比较级。
(C)8 .
—________ is your opinion on the film “Avatar”
—It’s amazing! I was ________ moved.
What, deep B. How, deep C. What, deeply D. How, deeply
答案:C。
【解析】本题第一个空考查了一句口语;第二个空考查了deep和deeply的区别。两个词看似接近,实际区别很大。deep意思是 "深",表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"。
(D)9 .
---Shall we go to the Hi-tech Fair at 9:00 tomorrow morning
---Why not meet a little ______ How about 8:30
A. more B. less C. later D. earlier
答案:D。
【解析】本题考查了副词的选择使用。根据题意,8:30应该比9:00要“早”,因此,选D。
◆探索发现:同学们,请你体会并总结一下中考的命题方向和趋势:
________________________________
◆命题规律二:(点击展开)
◆1. 中考真题考查了根据形容词和副词的不同句法作用,区分使用形容词和副词;
◆2. 中考真题考查了根据词义和句意区分使用形容词和副词。
(B)10.
--- You play the piano so well. _____ do you have the piano lessons
--- Once a week.
A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How much
答案:B。
【解析】本题考查了疑问副词的用法。How often是问频率的,How soon是问“要多久才……”,How long是问“多长(长度)”或“多长(时间)”,How much是问“多少”。
(B)11 .
---Excuse me, Sir. ______ is it from here to Guangzhou
---It’s about _______ drive.
A. How long, two hour’s B. How far, two hours’
C. How far, two-hour D. How long, two hour
答案:B。
【解析】本题考查了疑问副词的用法。How far是问“多远(距离),How long是问“多长(度)”或“多长(时间)”。本题显然是问“距离”,排除A和D。从第二个空来看,名词drive前没有任何限定词,因此选B。
(C)12.
---______will you travel to Shanghai
---In a month.
A. How far B. How often C. How soon D. How long
答案:C。
【解析】How often是问频率的,How soon是问“要多久才……”,常和一般将来时搭配使用,How long是问“多长(长度)”或“多长(时间)”,How far是问“多远(距离)。
(C)13 .
---_________is the library from our school
---It’s quite near, Just go_____ the road.
A.How far, cross B.How long,across C. How far, across D. How long, cross
答案:C。
【解析】How far是问“多远(距离),How long是问“多长(度)”或“多长(时间)”。本题显然是问“距离”。第二个空考查的是cross和across的区别。
(D) 14.
— _____ will she stay here
— For _____.
A.How soon; one hour and a half B.How long; one and a half hours
C.How soon; one and half hours D.How long; one hour and half
答案:D。
【解析】How soon是问“要多久才……”,常和一般将来时搭配使用,How long是问“多长(长度)”或“多长(时间)”。本题显然是问“多长时间”,首先排除A和C。第二个空考查数词词组的表达方式:“一个半小时”的正确表达有两种方式:one hour and a half; one and a half hours。
◆探索发现:同学们,请你体会并总结一下中考的命题方向和趋势:
________________________________
◆命题规律三:(点击展开)
◆中考真题考查了一组疑问副词(how soon; how long; how much; how often; how far)的区分和使用
(A)15.
--- 2008 is drawing near. Any changes in Beijing
--- Yes, more stadiums are being built, and _____ people are learning English.
A. more and more B. the more and the more C. the more and more D. more and the more
答案:A。
【解析】本题考查了比较级的一个句型。more and more …意为“越来越多……”。根据题意,选A。
(C)16 .
---Germany will be ______ popular with the visitors this year.
---Why
---Because the 2006 World Cup soccer ______ there.
A. more, is hold B. much, is held C. more, is held D. much, is hold
答案:C。
【解析】根据句意判断,本题在意思上有一个隐含的比较关系,因此,第一个空用more popular合适;第二个空是被动语态,指“世界杯被举行”,用be +过去分词。
(C)17 .
—________ people are taking actions to protect the environment now.
—Yes. ________ of my classmates come to school by bike now.
More and more, Four fifth B. Less and less, Four fifth
C. More and more, Four fifths D. Less and less, Four fifths
答案:C。
【解析】本题第一个空考查了比较级的一个句型。more and more …意为“越来越多……”。第二个空考查了分数的构成:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分母在词尾加s。
(B) 18.
— The doctor told me _____ too much, but I find it difficult.
— The doctor is right. The less you drink, _____ you will be.
A.don’t drink; the healthier B.not to drink; the healthier
C.not to drink; the more healthier D.don’t drink; healthier
答案:B。
【解析】本题第一个空考查的是动词不定式的否定形式作宾语补足语。第二个空考查了比较级的一个句型:the more …, the more …,意思是“越……就越……”。
◆探索发现:同学们,请你体会并总结一下中考的命题方向和趋势:
________________________________
◆命题规律一:(点击展开)
◆1. 中考真题考查了比较级常见的句型more and more…和the more…,the more…;
◆2. 中考真题考查了正确选择使用比较级。
◆总结归纳:(点击展开)
依据《考试说明》和对近年来深圳中考真题的深度分析发现,中考英语中针对形容词和副词考点的出题规律为:
从句意和词义方面考查形容词和副词的区别
从词性和句子成分的关系方面考查形容词和副词的区别
多次考查一组疑问副词(how soon; how long; how much; how often; how far)的区分和使用
考查比较等级的用法,尤其是比较级的常见句型(2005年深圳中考英语---33)