2022年中考英语+阅读训练+科普知识与现代技术（word版无答案）

2022年中考英语 阅读训练 科普知识与现代技术
题型 主要内容
01 阅读单选 本文主要介绍了奥运会的历程。
02 完形填空 本文主要讲述了人们一直都想飞起来，并且最终实现了这个梦想。本文介绍了人们实现该梦想的过程。
03 阅读还原5选5 本文主要介绍了印刷机的发展以及贡献。
04 阅读填表 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了垃圾食品在学校受欢迎的原因，以及经常吃垃圾食品对学生身体和学习的影响。
05 短文选词填空 本文主要介绍了一个可以在沙滩上捡烟头的机器人。
01
The Olympic Games have changed a lot since they were first held in Athens, Greece, in 1896. Back then, winners got silver medals instead of gold ones. Sounds strange, doesn’t it People thought silver was better than gold. Also, no women ran in the first Olympics, and only 13 countries took part. China was not one of them. But those aren’t the only differences.
The Frenchman Baron Pierre de Coubertin（顾拜旦）was the man who really wanted the Games to start again. His ideas for the modern Olympics came from the Greek Games thousands of years ago. He hoped they would help to bring world peace.
But it took time for the Olympics to become popular. Not many people thought they were good ideas in 1896, so they were put together poorly. Some tourists even ran in races! Today, more than 10,000 people from about 200 countries take part.
In the early years of the Olympics, there weren’t many sports. Most events were track and field, much like in the first Greek Games. Events usually took place in the Panathenaic Stadium（雅典体育场）, and you can still see them today. Players did not wear their countries’ colours in 1896. Their clothes were not like the uniforms people wear today. In fact, players weren’t even picked by their countries back then. They travelled to the Games by themselves and had to use their own money to take part. New sports have been put into the Olympics over time, like badminton and table tennis. Some older games are no longer played, like tug-of-war（拔河）. It would be hard to see all the events at this year’s Games, There will be over 300!
Swimming was different in 1896. There was a 1,200-metre race in the sea. A boat took swimmers into the sea and left them to swim back to land. Sometimes rough water made the race dangerous. The first person ever to win that race was Hungarian（匈牙利的）Alfred Hajos. He seemed happy just to finish. “I just wanted to live. That’s more important than winning.” he said. When people or teams won events in 1896, they didn’t get the same things as now. They got olive wreaths（橄榄枝花环）to put on their heads and silver medals.
1．In the first Olympics, winners were given ________.
A．gold medals and olive wreaths
B．silver and gold medals
C．olive wreaths and flowers
D．silver medals and olive wreaths
2．Baron Pierre de Coubertin wanted the Olympic Games to start again because ________.
A．many people thought they were good ideas
B．they became popular in 1896
C．he hoped they would help to bring world peace
D．no women ran in the first Olympics
3．In the early years of the Olympics, ________.
A．most events were track and field
B．players wore the uniforms people wear today
C．people from about 200 countries took part
D．events usually took place in many other countries
4．________ is no longer played in modern Olympics.
A．Running B．Tug-of-war C．Table tennis D．Swimming
5．The underlined sentence in the text really mean “________”.
A．some events will no longer be played in this year’s Games
B．there will be too many events for you to see all
C．the Olympic Games have changed a lot
D．events will take place in the Panathenaic Stadium
02
Man always wanted to fly in the sky. They watched birds flying and wished they could fly ___1___. Man made wings and tied them on to their bodies to help them fly. But they __2___ again and again. Man knew how to make kites. They made different kinds of kites to help them fly. Kites could stay in the air for many hours. __3_ unluckily, most people who flew with kites were badly hurt. So they had to stop trying to fly with ___4___. In 1783, two Frenchmen tried hot balloons. They found hot air is lighter than cold air. That is ___5___ hot air goes upwards(向上). If a balloon is filled with hot air, it will go upwards.
They then built a balloon. It was made of thin cloth and paper. They ___6___ it with hot air and it went up into the air. The next year a huge hot air balloon carried seven persons to a ___7__ of 900 metres.
Later, airships were made in the world. It could fly up into the sky ___8___ the help of hydrogen(氢气). The hydrogen gas caught fire very easily. At last they stopped ___9___ airships. Now, people can travel to different places by plane. Travelling by plane is very easy and fast. Rockets are known all over the world. Rockets can help people ___10____ in space.
The dream of flying to space has come true.
1．A．also B．too C．either D．neither
2．A．failed B．worked C．made D．thought
3．A．And B．Or C．But D．However
4．A．legs B．feathers C．wings D．air
5．A．how B．what C．where D．why
6．A．gave B．filled C．put D．emptied
7．A．length B．width C．weight D．height
8．A．with B．under C．on D．by
9．A．made B．make C．making D．to make
10．A．play B．sleep C．travel D．Work
03
阅读短文及文后A～E选项，选出可以填入各题空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The Printing Press
What do you think is the most important invention in the last 1,000 years Is it the light bulb or the Internet Many people say that it is the printing press, a machine that allows us to print copies or books and documents. _____
Before the printing press, books were copied by hand. Ancient Roman book publisher sometimes sold as many as 5,000 copies of a book that had been copied by slaves. But copying a book took so much time and was so expensive that often only a few copies of each book were made. ______
In 1450, a goldsmith named Johannes Gutenberg in Germany invented the modern printing press. ______ Although ancient Chinese people invented paper in 105 AD and used woodblock printing before 200 AD, Gutenberg’s printing press was easy to use with languages that had alphabetic scripts. ____ Books and newspapers with ideas and images from all over the world went into the market for the wide public.
Knowledge is power. Reading has brought about amazing changes in science, technology and politics. We have learned how to create wealth and even travel to far-away worlds. The computer, cellphone, and Internet have grown, because billions of powerful readers were created by the printing press.
______ These billions of readers are powerful, and they help the world to make progress at a fast speed.
A．After 1450, thousands of copies of a popular book or newspaper could be made quickly and cheaply.
B．The impact of his machine is sometimes compared to the invention of the Internet.
C．But why is the printing press so important
D．From 1450 on, more and more people have become readers.
E．As a result, usually only a small percentage of the population learned to read and owned books.
04
Most students like junk food（垃圾食品）because it is tasty. Whether it should be allowed in schools or not is still a question. Just as every coin has two sides, junk food in schools has its advantages and disadvantages.
Most junk food is quite cheap, tasty and easy to get. If a child forgets to carry a lunch bag, he or she will go hungry for most of the day. Here, junk food helps him or her to have something to eat. Moreover, it is possible for students to save a lot of time.
Sometimes having junk food instead of a part of one’s main diet is considered to be OK. It doesn’t have a big influence on a person’s health if someone only eats from time to time.
Compared with some junk food with high oil and salt, food like potato chips or juices can be made in school dining halls. So students don’t have to choose unhealthy food from outside.
However, too much oil, salt and sugar in junk food are harmful to human bodies. Some of them cannot be broken down in the body. If someone eats too much junk food, it can lead to obesity（肥胖）and other health problems like heart trouble, high blood pressure and so on.
Usually, children have snacks between classes. There is a sudden increase of sugar, so they get a lot of energy and become too active. But when classes begin, the effects（作用）of snacks begin to reduce, they become slow. This causes low energy levels and lack of concentration（注意力）. It has a bad influence on a student’s performance during classes.
In all, it is important that parents and schools should provide their kids with healthy and balanced food and make them know the disadvantages of junk food. Then they will make healthier choices for themselves.
Topic Junk food in _______
________ Junk food is popular among students, but like everything else, it has both advantages and disadvantages.
Main body Advantages Junk food is quite cheap and ________ good.
It helps to stop students’ hunger.
It is ________ for students to save time by eating junk food.
Eating junk food ________ won’t influence a person’s health.
Food like potato chips or juices made in school dining halls can help students to ________ unhealthy food from outside.
Disadvantages Too much oil, salt and sugar in junk food are _______ to human bodies.
If someone eats too much junk food, it can _______ heart trouble and other health problems.
Eating junk food can have a ________ influence on a student’s performance during classes.
Conclusion Parents and schools should educate children and provide healthy food __________ them.
05
阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从方框内所给11个动词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化 (可添加助动词或者情态动词)，填入空白处。
be, throw, plan, carry, send, pay, waste, appear, have, find, save
Did you know that cigarette butts (烟头) are the most common form of rubbish in our life About 4.5 trillion (万亿) of them ________ into the environment every year.Cigarette butts can kill fish, and since the last century they ________ in the stomachs of sea turtles, birds and other wildlife. A survey carried by American government showed that though cigarette butts were everywhere, people _______ no attention to them because they were so small.
But now, Dutch company Tech Tics ________ to help solve the cigarette problem with its Beach Bot (BB) . It is a beach-cleaning robot that uses AI ________ cigarette butts. Even part of the butt hidden in the sand can be found. At just 80 centimeters wide, BB ________ four wheels, two cameras and two arms to pick up cigarette butts. The way this robot works is very simple. Once it finds cigarette butts, BB just needs to place them into a bin (垃圾箱) that it _______. After it’s done cleaning, people deal with the waste properly.
However, BB still needs help to tell the difference between things like a cigarette butt and a small seashell (贝壳) . To do this, the company turns to Microsoft Trove. Using this APP, anyone with smart phone ________ BB photos of cigarette butts to help the robot learn to know them.
Up to now, BB has been able to pick up 20 cigarette butts successfully in 30 minutes. But while the robot works well without ________ time, Tech Tics wants to get people to litter less. If people stop throwing their cigarette butts onto the beach, robots like BB ________ unnecessary.