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专题八 形容词
形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征,通常可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。
形容词
一. 定义
形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征,通常可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。
二.形容词的种类
形容词
1. 品质形容词:英语中大量形容词属于这一类,他们表示人或物的品质.
如:The play was boring. 那出戏很枯燥乏味。
You have an honest face. 你有一张诚实的脸。
2. 颜色形容词:有少数表示颜色的形容词.
如:She had on a blue coat. 她穿了一件蓝色的外套。
二.形容词的种类
形容词
3. -ing 形容词:
1)有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词,
如: It was a tiring journey.这真是一趟累人的旅行。
2)一些-ing形容词并不与动词有关.
如:neighbouring cities 邻近的城市 a cunning trick 狡猾的计谋
二.形容词的种类
形容词
4. –ed形容词:它们是由它们的过去分词变过来的,一般有被动意义,多数为品质形容词,
如: She looked tired.
5. 合成形容词: warm-hearted 热心的, heart-breaking 令人心碎的
三.形容词的用法和在句中的位置
形容词
1.形容词在句中主要可用作:
1)定语:What a fine day!
2)表语:She looks happy.
3)宾语的补语(构成合成宾语): Do you think it necessary 你认为这有必要吗?
4)状语:He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他又饿又累的回到家里。
三.形容词的用法和在句中的位置
形容词
【重点】
当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时,或形容词用来修饰somebody, something, anything, nothing 等的时候,便会出现后置形容词。
如: The boy interested in music is my brother.
对音乐感兴趣的那个男孩是我弟弟。
Do you have anything interesting to tell us
你有什么趣闻告诉我们吗?
四. 形容词的比较等级
(一)形容词的比较级和最高级的构成
1.单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成
情况 构成方式 原级 比较级 最高级
一般情况 加-er或-est new long newer longer newest
longest
以e 结尾的词 加-r或-st fine late finer later finest
latest
以“辅音+y” 结尾的词 变y为i再加-er 或-est early happy earlier happier earliest
happiest
重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写辅音字母,再加-er或-est hot thin fat hotter thinner fatter hottest
thinnest
fattest
形容词
四. 形容词的比较等级
2. 多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加 more或 most。如:
原级 比较级 最高级
useful more useful most useful
difficult more difficult most difficult
delicious more delicious most delicious
形容词
四. 形容词的比较等级
【重点】
3.有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther farthest
old older oldest
形容词
四. 形容词的比较等级
(二) 形容词比较级的用法
1.形容词的比较级可以单独使用:
Be more careful next time.下次小心点。
Which book is better 哪本书更好?
2.也可以和than连用,表示两者相比,than后可以跟:
a.名词或代词:
He is older than me / I . 他年龄比我大。
b.动名词:
Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。
c.从句:
I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。
形容词
四. 形容词的比较等级
(三)形容词比较级的修饰语
1.形容词比较级前可加much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly之类表示程度的状语:
He’s feeling much better today. 他感到今天好多了。
2.也可在比较级前any, no, some, even, still这类词:
Do you feel any better today 你今天感觉好一点了吗?
3.比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词:
My sister is ten years younger than me.我妹妹比我小十岁。
形容词
四. 形容词的比较等级
【难点】
(四)形容词比较级的特殊用法
1.和more有关的词组 :
1) the more…the more… 越……就越……。
如:The harder you work,the greater progress you'll make. 越努力,进步越大。
2) no more than 与…一样。
如:The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。
3) more than 超过,不只是。
如:There are more than two thousand people in the hall.
形容词
四. 形容词的比较等级
【难点】
(四)形容词比较级的特殊用法
2.和less有关的词组
1) less than 不到… 不太
It was ready in less than a week.
2) no less than 多达,不少于
No less than 2 million people came.至少来了2百万人。
3) more or less 基本上,大体上,大约
The work is more or less finished. 这项工作基本上完成了。
形容词
【难点】
(四)形容词比较级的特殊用法
3.还有as + 形容词或副词原级 + as
1) not …so/as…as
如:He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。
2) 当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式:
①as +形容词+ a +单数名词;
②as + many / much +名词。
如:This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。
I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸,我也能。
3) 表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。
如:This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。
Your room is the same size as mine. 你的房间和我的一样大。
形容词
(五) 形容词最高级用法
1.the + 最高级 + 比较范围
1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the
如:The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。
[说明] 形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常"。
如:It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。
◎ 注意:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
形容词
(五) 形容词最高级用法
1.the + 最高级 + 比较范围
2) 下列词可修饰最高级,by far, far, much, mostly, almost。
如:This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。
◎ 注意:序数词通常只修饰最高级。
如:Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。
3) 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。
如:Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
或者:Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.
形容词
(六)形容词最高级的特殊用法
1. 形容词最高级可用作表语,这时定冠词the 可以省略。
如:I think her plan is best. 我认为她的计划最好。
2.形容词最高级还可和at 构成许多短语作状语,如 at best, at least, at most等。
如:I’ll be with you at latest by ten.我最迟十点钟就来陪你。
形容词
专项练习---
https:///706525242/spell
形容词
答案:1C 2C 3D 4B 5B 6C 7B 8A 9C 10B
课堂测试---
答案:11A 12B 13C 14B 15A 16C 17A 18D 19C 20B
课堂测试---
阅读
三.阅读理解
Mexico(墨西哥)'s neighbors are the United States to the north and Guatemala and Belize to the south. Mexico is about one quarter of the size of the United States. Mexico has more than ninety million people. The language of Mexico is Spanish. This makes Mexico the world's largest Spanish-speaking country.
Mexico City is the capital and largest city of Mexico. The city is also very high. It is 7349 feet high (2240 meters). This makes it one of the highest capital cities in the world. The population, of Mexico City grows bigger every day. About thirty million people live there. It has more people than any other city in the world, even more than Tokyo.
Mexico also has its specialties. Many of the foods we eat started in Mexico. Foods like beans, maize, avocados, tomatoes, peanuts, chili peppers, vanilla, and chocolate come from Mexico. Mexico is also famous for its cactus (仙人掌) plants. Mexico has more kinds of cactus than any other country.
形容词
阅读
( ) 1. Mexico is ____the USA.
A. on the south of B. on the north of
C. a part of D. as large as
( ) 2. Mexicans speak______.
A. English B.Spanish C. French D. Latin (拉丁语)
( ) 3. Which of the following is NOT true
A. Mexico City is the capital of Mexico.
B. The population of Mexico City is 30,000,000.
C. Tokyo is one of the cities with the largest population.
D. Mexico City is the highest city in the world.
( ) 4. Tomatoes were originally (最初) grown in ______.
A. America B. Spain C. Tokyo D. Mexico
( ) 5. The best title (题目) of the passage is ___.
A. Mexico City B. Mexico's plants C. Mexico D. Mexico's popula
形容词
A
C
B
D
C
小学语法全集
专题八 形容词