中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 10 I've had this bike for three years.
SectionA (2d&Grammar Focus-4c )导学案
学生姓名 班级 序号
课题内容 Unit 10 I've had this bike for three years.SectionA 2d&Grammar Focus-4c
学习目标与核心素养 1.继续学习与since，for 连用的现在完成时。2.能够用现在完成时讨论拥有的物品和周围的事物。 3.通过体会延续性动词和短暂性动词的区别,能够正确使用现在完成时询问并表达持续性动作或状态。
学习重点 学会分辨现在完成时中for和since的区别；学会使用带有for或since的现在完成时表达持续性的动作或状态。
学习难点
【预习】
翻译句子
A:那边的那辆自行车你买了多长时间了？
_____ _____ ____ you____ that bike _______ _______
B:我买了它3年了。I've _____ it _____ ______ ______.
2.A:他的儿子拥有那套火车和铁路轨道的玩具多长时间了？
_____ ____ _____ his son ____ the train and railway set
B:自从他的4岁生日起，他就拥有它了。
He's ______ it ____ his fourth birthday.
3.A:你曾经玩过橄榄球吗？_____ you _____ played football
B:是的，我小的时候玩过，但是我现在已经有一段时间不玩了。
Yes, I did ____ I was little, but I ____ _____ ____ ____ ____now.
【合作探究】
Task1. 2d
1.快速浏览2d对话，独立完成下列问题。
①Where did they give away the old things
___________________________________________________________________________②Who is Linda
___________________________________________________________________________③What does Amy give away to children
__________________________________________________________________________
2.阅读2d，完成下列表格。
Who do those things belong to
How long do their owners keep them
What things Who How long
3.Fill in the blanks according to the conversation.
Amy went to the Sunshine Home for Children. She has some things for the kids. She’s had this magazine for _________________. The stories _____ may be _____ old, but they’re
still interesting. Linda also __________ some soft toys and board games for ________ kids. Amy _______ them since she was a child. She __________ a sweater and a dress. She also gave away a bread maker. Her mom’s had it _______________ but it still works.
4.Language points
1). Because I've had it since I was a baby. I have had this magazine for a couple of months.
a couple of有两种意思：
①表示具体的数量“两个” ；
②表示数量不定的“少数几个”，作这种虚指的用法时，具体意思往往视上下文和具体的语境而决定。
例句：我看见有两个人出去了。__________________________________
瞧！门口有两三个男孩正在等你。________________________________
2). The stories inside may be a bit old, but they’re still interesting.
a bit意为“一点儿, 稍微”, 修饰形容词或副词, 相当于a little;
a bit of +不可数名词, a little直接加不可数名词。
【链接】a little bit 也意为“有点儿”，可用来修饰形容词或副词。
【运用】完成句子，每空词数不限。
对我来说，这个包有点儿贵。 This bag is ____________________ expensive for me.
我们仍有点儿面包。We still have ____________ bread.
3).And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids.
check用作及物动词, 意为“检查, 审查”;
check out意为“察看，观察”。
【拓展】①check out 可意为“付账后离开”check in指“登记；报到”
②check还可用作名词，意为“支票, 账单”。
例句：这个工人刚察看了他的机器。_______________________
你最好现在就去宾馆登记以便住个好房间。_______________________
海德夫人今天上午结账走了。_______________________
Task2. Grammar focus
现在完成时（Ⅲ）
用法：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，常与“_______+一段时间”或“______+过去的时间点或从句”连用。在这种完成时的肯定句中，谓语动词必须是_________动词（延续性动词/非延续性动词），如果是非延续性动词通常是用相应的________动词来代替。
探究一：观察以下句子总结出现在完成时的特殊疑问句的结构以及询问拥有时间的疑问词。
①A:How long have you lived here 你们在这里住了多长时间了？B:Since 2005. 自2005年以来。
②A:How long has he been a soldier 他参军多长时间了？
B:For three years. 三年了。
【归纳】1.现在完成时的特殊疑问句的结构：疑问词+ _______ +主语+ _________ + 其他成分。
2.询问拥有时间的疑问词用__________，意为“________”,强调______(时间/空间）的延续，对一段时间或物体的长度进行提问。在现在完成时中，常对“since+________________”或“for+__________”进行提问。（注意谓语动词必须是延续性动词，如遇到非延续性动词，则要换成对应的延续性动词。）
即学活用：完成课本P80-2练习。
探究二：since、for在现在完成时态中的用法。
①My uncle has worked here for ten years.
②My uncle has worked here since ten years ago.
③My uncle has worked here since 2006.[
④My uncle has worked here since he came here.
【归纳】在现在完成时态中，
1）for表示时间的持续，后接________(时间段/时间点），指某个动作或情况到现在为止持续了多久。
2）since 意为 ________, 作为连词，引导一个时间状语从句。指某个动作或情况从过去某一时间一直持续到现在。有三种用法：
①since + __________(时间段/时间点）+ ago（例②）；
②since + _________（时间段/时间点）（例③）；
③since + ________ ，since引导的时间状语从句用______________(时态）（例④）
3）for和since二者在句中可以转换
_______ +一段时间=since+________+_______.
即学活用：完成课本P76-4a练习。
探究三：延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换。
观察请观察例句，思考下列句子中的动词有什么共同特点？
①How long has Mary left ×
How long has Mary been away √
②How long has he borrowed the book ×
How long has he kept the book √
③Maria has come back since Monday. ×
Maria has been back since Monday. √
④Tony has bought the computer for two years. ×
Tony has had the computer for two years. √
【归纳】
1.与how long,for或者since搭配使用在现在完成时中的动词
必须是_______________（延续性动词/非延续性动词）。
2）非延续性动词&延续性动词
_________，表示不能延续的动作，这种动词发生后立即结束，所以不能与时间段连用,_________表示能够延续的动作，可以和时间段连用，所以当和时间段连用时，短暂性动词要转换成延续性动词。
常用的短暂性动词及与之对应的延续性动词之间的转换：
become-be 2) borrow-_____ 3) buy- ______ 4)close - ________
5) die - _______ 6) lose - ________ 7)open - be open 8) join - be in 9) leave - _______ 10) begin - be on 11) marry =_______ 12)fall asleep -_________ 13) come back -_________14)come / arrive / reach - _________
Task3 4a-4c
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Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.
人教新目标版 八年级下
2d&Grammar focus-4c优质课
Warming-up
Imagine that we are going to visit the Children in the video and give away some things of our own. What will you give Why Discuss with your partner and fill in the table.
Name What to give away How long Why
Revision
What can you give away
How long have you had…
I...
I have had it/them for____/since______.
Why do you give away
Because...
Amy’s family are going to give away some things
they don’t need.They have cleared out (整理)some things and put them in a box.
Amy wants to give them away to the children in need.
New drills
Amy
Linda
Where did they give away the old things
They give away old things to Sunshine Home for children.
2. Who is Linda
3.What does Amy give away to children
She may work in the Sunshine Home for Children.
A magazine, soft toys, board games, a sweater, a dress, a bread maker.
Read the conversation in 2d and answer the questions:
4.Who do those things belong to
How long do their owners keep them
What things Who How long
magazine
Amy
a couple of months
soft toys and board games
Amy
since she was a child
a sweater and a dress
Amy
a bread maker
Amy’s mother
for a long time
We don’t know
Linda: Welcome to the Sunshine Home
for Children. I’m Linda.
Amy: Hi, I’m Amy. I have some things
for the kids. I’ve had this magazine for a couple of months. The stories inside may be a bit old, but they’re still interesting.
Linda: Great! Many children here love reading.
Welcome to + 地名
欢迎到某地
介词，“给；为了”
表目的
几个月
一点儿, 稍微
Listen and read.
Amy: And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids. I’ve had them since I was a child. There’s also a sweater and a dress.
Linda: Perfect! We always need toys and
clothes.
Amy: One last thing is a bread maker.
My mom’s had it for a long time
but it still works.
Linda: Thanks so much!
察看；观察
最后一样东西
(持续)很长一段时间
Because I've had it since I was a baby. I have had this magazine for a couple of months.
a couple of有两种意思：
1. 表示具体的数量“两个” ；
2. 表示数量不定的“少数几个”，作这种虚指的用法时，具体意思往往视上下文和具体的语境而决定。
例句：我看见有两个人出去了。
I saw a couple of men get out.
瞧！门口有两三个男孩正在等你。
Look! There are a couple of boys waiting for you at the door.
Language points
The stories inside may be a bit old, but they’re still interesting.
a bit意为“一点儿, 稍微”, 修饰形容词或副词, 相当于a little;
a bit of +不可数名词, a little直接加不可数名词。
【链接】a little bit 也意为“有点儿”，可用来修饰形容词或副词。
【运用】完成句子，每空词数不限。
1) 对我来说，这个包有点儿贵。
This bag is ____________________ expensive for me.
2) 我们仍有点儿面包。
We still have ____________ bread.
a bit of/a little
a bit/a little/a little bit
And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids.
check用作及物动词, 意为“检查, 审查”;
check out意为“察看，观察”。
【拓展】①check out 可意为“付账后离开”check in指“登记；报到”
②check还可用作名词，意为“支票, 账单”。
例句：这个工人刚察看了他的机器。
The worker checked out his machine just now.
你最好现在就去宾馆登记以便住个好房间。
You'd better go to the hotel now to check in to get a good room.
海德夫人今天上午结账走了。
Mrs. Hyde checked out this morning.
Amy went to the Sunshine Home for Children. She has some things for the kids. She’s had this magazine for _________________. The stories _____ may be _____ old, but they’re
still interesting. Linda also __________ some soft toys and board games for ________ kids. Amy _______ them since she was a child. She __________ a sweater and a dress. She also gave away a bread maker. Her mom’s had it _______________ but it still works.
a couple of months
inside
a bit
checked out
younger
for a long time
has had
gave away
Fill in the blanks according to the conversation.
Consolidation
Linda: Welcome to .... I’m ....
Amy: Hi, I’m .... I .... I’ve.... The stories....
Linda: Great! Many .....
Amy: And check out.... I’ve .... There’s....
Linda: Perfect! We ....
Amy: One last thing....
My ....
Linda: Thanks ...!
Role-play the conversation.
Role play
1.A:那边的那辆自行车你买了多长时间了？
_____ _____ ____ you____ that bike _______ _______
B:我买了它3年了。
I've _____ it _____ ______ ______.
2.A:他的儿子拥有那套火车和铁路轨道的玩具多长时间了？
_____ ____ _____ his son ____ the train and railway set
Practice
Fill in the blanks.
How long have had over there
had for three years
How long has owned
B:自从他的4岁生日起，他就拥有它了。
He's ______ it ____ his fourth birthday.
3.A:你曾经玩过橄榄球吗？
_____ you _____ played football
B:是的，我小的时候玩过，但是我现在已经有一段时间不玩了。
Yes, I did ____ I was little, but I ____ _____ ____ ____ ____now.
owned since
Have ever
since haven’t played for a while
现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，还可能继续下去。这种用法称为“未完成用法”。此时常与for或since引导的时间状语(从句)连用。
现在完成时的“未完成用法”
“未完成”的句式：
（1）现在完成时+for+一段时间
例：我好久没有见到她了。
I haven’t seen her for a long time.
（2）现在完成时+since+表示过去的时间点
例：自1984年以来，史密斯先生就在这里工作。
Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984.
（3）现在完成时+since+从句
例：自上大学以来他学了大约5000个英语单词。
He has learned about 5000 English words since
he went to college.
时间状语
1. for +一段时间 e.g. for 8 years
2. since +过去的时间点 e.g. since 1999\ last spring
3. since + 一段时间+ ago e.g. since 23 years ago
4. since + 从句（一般过去时态）e.g. Since I was a child
He has worked here for over twenty years.
He has learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.
She’s been at this school since five years ago.
【拓展延伸】含 for 和含 since 的现在完成时的句子有时可互相转换。
我从13年前开始就住在这里。
I’ve lived here since 13 years ago.
= I’ve lived here for 13 years.
= It has been 13 years since I began to live here.
思考:与how long, for 或者since搭配使用在现在完成时中的动词有什么共同特点？
How long has Mary left
How long has Mary been away
B. How long has he borrowed the book
How long has he kept the book
C. Maria has come back since Monday.
Maria has been back since Monday.
D. Tony has bought the computer for two years.
Tony has had the computer for two years.
×
√
×
√
×
√
×
√
“在现在完成时中，与“for + 时间段”
“since + 过去的时间点或从句”或
“since ＋时间段＋ago”连用的动词
必须为延续性动词。
动词按其动作发生的方式，发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
延续性动词与非延续性动词
1)延续性动词:表示能够延续的动作,也可以表示经验与经历。
Eg: learn, work, stand, lie, walk, sleep, keep, wait, watch, sing, read, stay, live …
延续性动可以与for和 since引导的时间状语连用:
(他在这儿住了六年了,一直住在这儿,live是延续性动词，并且很有可能继续居住)
I have known her since then.
(自从那时起我就认识她了,一直都
认识,know是延续性动词)
Eg: He has lived here for 6 years
非延线性动词不能与for和since引导的时间状语连用。
He has died for two years. (X)
He has been dead for two years. (√)
I have bought the bike for 2 months. (X)
I have had/owned the bike for 2 months. (√)
2)非延续性动词:也称终止性动词或瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
Eg: open, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, die …
在现在完成时的句子中，若含有for或since引导的时间状语，则句中谓语一定要用延续性动词。非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的方法有：
begin (start) (开始)
go there (去哪里)
come back (回来)
come here (来这里)
①将非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词”
be on
be there
be back
be here
open
close
die
marry
finish
go to bed
leave
be open
be closed
be dead
be married
be over
be in
be away
return
get out
fall asleep
lose
fall ill
get (arrive, reach)
join (become)
be back
be out
be asleep
be lost
be ill
be in / at
be in / be a member of
②有的非延续性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词：
borrow → keep(借) become → be (成为)
receive → have (收到) go to sleep → sleep (睡觉)
(穿) put on
(认识) get to know
(买) buy
(感冒) catch a cold
wear / be on
know
have (own)
have a cold
练一练
Becky (has been, has become) a doctor for ten years. She likes her job very much.
2) We are late. The movie (has started, has been
on) for ten minutes.
3) Ken, you should return the book to the library. You______________
(have borrowed, have kept) it for more than two weeks.
4) I (have bought, have had) this bike since I was ten,
so I want to buy a new one.
has been
has been on
have kept
have had
1. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago.
____________________________________________
2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.
____________________________________________
3.I have a camera. I bought it in 2009.
____________________________________________
Rewrite the sentences using for or since.
4a
Jim has been in Japan for three days.
They have not eaten for ten hours.
I have had a camera since 2009.
一直待在日本
Can we say:
They have been hungry for ten hours
4. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago.
________________________________________________
5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday.
________________________________________________
I have known Anna for three years.
Linda has been ill since Monday.
have been in + 地点名词，常与时间段连用，表示“待在某地（多长时间）”。当 have been in 后面接地点副词时，省略 in。
— How long have you been in China
— I have been here since six years ago.
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
4b
I _______________ (never be) to the water park before. I want to _______ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold.
They ________________ (never own) any pets, but they ___________________ (always want) to have a dog.
We ____________ (have) a piano since last November. We ________________ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year.
have never been
Tip: Find the key words to identify which form to use.
go
have never owned
have always wanted
have had
bought
Cathy and Amy __________________ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They ___________ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.
This museum _____________ (be) here for over 20 years. It ______ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.
have not/haven’t been
miss
has been
is
n. 家乡；故乡
Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.
4c
1. Do you have a(n) __________ How long have you had it
2. Do you own a(n) __________ How long have you owned it
Any difference between the two questions
Groupwork
1. Work in groups of four.
2. Take turns to ask others questions and write down their answers.
3. If your answer to the question is negative, you should provide an alternative answer.
4. Report to class.
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