(共18张PPT)
语法专项课件
(一般过去时)
Part
语法透析
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易错辨析
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语法透视
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一般过去时定义
1.用来描述在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态。
2.也用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。
I got up at 7:00 yesterday. 昨天我是七点起床的。
My father was at work yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午我爸爸在工作。
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一般过去时标志词
时间状语 时间状语
1. yesterday 昨天 注意:this afternoon/evening要用一般将来时
2. this morning 今天早上
3.just now 刚刚
a moment ago刚才 8. in the past 过去
4. last + 时间,意为“上……” 9. at that time 那时候
5. once upon a time 曾经 10. 时间 + ago 以前
6. the other day 前几天 11. the day before yesterday前天
7. before 以前 12. in + 过去的年份/ 月份
一般过去时的结构
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肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式+...
主语 + was/were+...
否定句:主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + ...
主语 + was/were+ not + ...
疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 +...
Was/Were+ 主语 + 动词原形 +...
I didn’t cleaned my room last week.
Did you cleaned your classroom last week
I cleaned my room last week.
动词过去式(规则)
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变化规则 举例
一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”。 work - worked
以e结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”。 live - lived
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将y变为i,再加“ed”。 study - studied
重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”。 stop - stopped
动词过去式(读音)
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读音规则 读音 例 词
在浊辅音后面
/d/ moved /mu:vd/
在清辅音后面 /t/ passed /pa:st/
在元音后面 /d/ needed /ni:did/
动词过去式(不规则)
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am, is—was are—were
go—went do—did
have—had come—came
take—took say—said
eat—ate see—saw
get—got put—put
sleep—slept give—gave
write—wrote read—read
/red/
动词过去式(不规则)
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buy—bought sit—sat
swim —swam make—made
feel—felt hear—heard
grow—grew tell—told
know—knew find—found
begin—began bring —brought
stand—stood spend—spent
catch—caught teach—taught
一般过去时记忆口诀
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动词一般过去时,表示过去发生的事;
be用was或用were, have,has变had;
谓语动词过去式,过去时间作标志;
一般动词加-ed,若是特殊得硬记。
否定句很简单,主语之后didn’t添;
疑问句也不难,did放在主语前;
如果谓语之前有did,谓语动词需还原;
动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。
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误用was/were
昨天天气阳光灿烂。
[误]It were sunny yesterday.
[正]It was sunny yesterday.
[析]be动词的过去式有两种形式,分别是was和were。was为am,is的过去式,were为are的过去式。本句的主语为it,故谓语应用was。
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谓语动词与单数第三人称作主语
和一般现在时态混淆
张老师上学期教我们英语。
[误] Mrs Zhang taughts us English last term.
[正] Mrs Zhang taught us English last term.
[析] 单数第三人称作主语的一般现在时态谓语动词要加-s/es,而实义动词的过去式无人称和数的变化。
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实义动词不还原
[误]-Was Lucy watched TV last night -Yes, she was.
[误]-Did Lucy watched TV last night -Yes, she did.
[正]-Did Lucy watch TV last night -Yes, she did.
[析] 谓语动词为was或were的句子,变一般疑问句时,把was或were提到句首,回答时直接可用was/were;谓语动词为实义动词时要用助动词do的过去式did来构成一般疑问句式。实义动词不用过去形式要用动词原形,回答时直接用did。构成特殊疑问句时也是这样,实义动词也用动词原形。
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前后句时态不一致
1. 十分钟前他穿上外套出去了。
[误]He put on his coat and goes out ten minutes ago.
[正]He put on his coat and went out ten minutes ago.
[析]根据句中的ten minutes ago可知句中的两个动词都要用一般过去式。
2.当他爸爸回家的时候,他睡觉了。
[误]When his father got home , he goes to bed.
[正] When his father got home , he went to bed.
[析] 前后句时态要一致,根据前句中的got可知后句的动词应该用一般过去式。
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Next
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1.get-- 2.say-- 3.have--
4.be-- 5.tell-- 6.think--
7.write-- 8.drive-- 9.run--
10.read-- 11.see-- 12.stand--
给下面的单词写出过去式
got
said
had
was, were
told
thought
wrote
drove
ran
read
saw
stood
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用所给动词的适当形式填空
We ______ (live) in Japan last year.
Jack________ (stop) the car last Sunday.
Tom _______ (clean) my room and ______
(study) for the Chinese test last weekend.
4.What ______ you ______(do) last night
lived
stopped
cleaned
studied
did
do
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句型转换
1. Lucy did her homework at home.
(改否定句)
2. He found some meat in the fridge(冰箱).
(变一般疑问句)
3. She stayed there for a week.(对划线部分提问)
Lucy didn’t do her homework at home.
Did he find any meat in the fridge
How long did she stay there
Homework:
Finish exercise “一般过去时专项练习”。