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2022年高考英语真题试卷（全国乙卷）
一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
（2022·全国乙卷）阅读理解
Henry Raeburn（1756-1823）
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait（肖像画）Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00 DUNCAN THOMSON Raeburn's English Contemporaries Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10 JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn's Portraits Thursday 6 Nov., 13.10 NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON Raeburn and Artist's Training in the 18th Century Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10 MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday-Saturday 10.00—17.45 Sunday 12.00—17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24—26 December and 1 January.
Admission
4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
1．What is the right time for attending Raeburn's English Contemporaries
A．Sun. 26 Oct. B．Thurs. 30 Oct.
C．Thurs. 6 Nov. D．Thurs. 13 Nov.
2．How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A． 4. B． 8. C． 12. D． 16.
3．How can full-time students get group discounts
A．They should go on Sunday mornings.
B．They should come from art schools.
C．They must be led by teachers.
D．They must have ID cards with them.
（2022·全国乙卷）阅读理解的
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed（牵涉）drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism（坚忍）of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: "When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter."
4．Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains
A．To teach in a school. B．To study American history.
C．To write a book. D．To do sightseeing.
5．What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3
A．They enjoyed much respect. B．They had a room with a bathtub.
C．They lived with the local kids. D．They suffered severe hardships.
6．Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair-raising
A．The extreme climate of Auburn.
B．The living conditions in Elkhead.
C．The railroad building in the Rockies.
D．The natural beauty of the West.
7．What is the text
A．A news report. B．A book review.
C．A children's story. D．A diary entry.
（2022·全国乙卷）阅读理解
Can a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure（基础设施）worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient（高效）across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
8．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A．The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B．Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C．The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D．Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
9．What does "maintenance" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Personnel safety. B．Assistance from drones.
C．Inspection and repair. D．Construction of infrastructure.
10．What function is expected of the rail drones
A．To provide early warning. B．To make trains run automatically.
C．To earn profits for the crews. D．To accelerate transportation.
11．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
（2022·全国乙卷）阅读理解
The
Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers
first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has
shown.
First
announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more
than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming
three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of
the disease.
Initially
the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data
of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At
present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019,
which will go to school sports.
It
comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar
levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they
can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as
a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.
Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for
every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar
content.
However,
some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and
are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices,
milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small
companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's
figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar
tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have
a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is
playing its part.
12．Why was the sugar tax introduced
A．To collect money for schools. B．To improve the quality of drinks.
C．To protect children's health. D．To encourage research in education.
13．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A．They turned to overseas markets.
B．They raised the prices of their products.
C．They cut down on their production.
D．They reduced their products' sugar content.
14．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A．Most alcoholic drinks. B．Milk-based drinks.
C．Fruit juices. D．Classic Coke.
15．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A．It is a short-sighted decision. B．It is a success story.
C．It benefits manufacturers. D．It upsets customers.
二、阅读理解 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
（2022·全国乙卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain（保持）long-distance friendships.
● Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact（联系）and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 16．
● More isn't always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 17． . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
● Practise empathy（共情）
18． . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
● 19．
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
● Don't rely on technology alone
20． , but long-distance friendships - even close ones - may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
三、语言知识运用 第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
（2022·全国乙卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Young
children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them,
there's something highly exciting about 21． someone else's glance and making oneself
unable to be seen.
However,
we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 22． at hiding. They often cover only their eyes
with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 23． .
For
a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 24． as evidence that children are hopelessly
"egocentric"（自我中心的）creatures. But
our 25． research
results in child developmental psychology 26． that idea.
We
brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 27． sat down with an adult who covered her own
eyes or 28． .
We then asked the child if she could 29． or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children
replied that they couldn't. The same 30． happened when the adult covered her own mouth:
31． children said that they couldn't 32． to her.
A
number of 33． ruled out that the children misunderstood what
they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 34． the questions and knew 35． what was asked of them. Their 36． to the questions reflected their true 37． that "I can see you only if you can see
me, too." They simply 38． mutual（相互的）recognition
and regard. Our 39． suggest when a child "hides" by
putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact,
children consider this method 40． when others use it.
21．A．following B．taking C．escaping D．directing
22．A．clever B．bad C．scared D．quick
23．A．exposed B．examined C．untouched D．imbalanced
24．A．supported B．guaranteed C．imagined D．interpreted
25．A．disappointing B．mixed C．surprising D．desired
26．A．explained B．confirmed C．contradicted D．tested
27．A．parent B．child C．researcher D．doctor
28．A．feet B．nose C．hands D．ears
29．A．see B．help C．reach D．fool
30．A．event B．thing C．action D．accident
31．A．Yet B．Now C．Soon D．Once
32．A．speak B．listen C．tum D．wave
33．A．instructions B．descriptions C．experiments D．assumptions
34．A．comprehended B．predicted C．explored D．ignored
35．A．partly B．honestly C．vaguely D．exactly
36．A．responses B．approaches C．contribution D．sensitivity
37．A．ability B．belief C．identity D．purpose
38．A．hold back B．relate
to C．insist on D．make up
39．A．limitations B．requirements C．theories D．findings
40．A．tentative B．impressive C．creative D．effective
四、语言知识运用 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2022·全国乙卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 41． the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 42． festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 43． （address）the opening ceremony. "As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 44． （large）tea-producing country, China has a 45． （responsible）to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 46． （share）future for mankind," he said.
The "First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative" issued（发布）at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 47． cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
48． （strengthen）the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 49． （invite）twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled（揭幕）at the ceremony, opening 50． （it）first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
五、写作 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51．（2022·全国乙卷）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
We all know that
cycling is a greatly exercise. A doctor tells me people who lives the longest
are dancers and cyclists. Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air,
smooth movement and exercise. Whether you ride a bicycle, you don't use petrol.
So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not cause air pollution. Just see
how cars have been taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what
may put our lives in danger. And there were traffic jams, too. Our cities will
be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
六、写作 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52．（2022·全国乙卷）学校英文报正在开展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1）学习活动状况描述：
2）简单评论；
3）你的建议。
注意：
1）词数100左右；
2）短文的题目和首句已为你写好。
答案解析部分
【答案】1．B
2．B
3．C
【知识点】细节理解题；数字计算题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家 Henry Raeburn 而举行的展览的相关情况。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、数字计算题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据Raeburn's English Contemporaries一栏中的“Thursday 30 Oct. ”10月30日星期四”可知，在10月30日星期四可以去参加Raeburn's English Contemporaries。故选B。
2．考查数字计算。根据Admission部分中的“ 4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.”4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。可知，一对夫妇应付 4x2= 8，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B。
3．考查细节理解。根据 Schools and Colleges 部分中的“A special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.”所有全日制教育的学生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每人2英镑的特别低入场费。可知，全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中，可以获得折扣，即他们必须由教师带领。故选C。
【答案】4．A
5．D
6．C
7．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇书评，介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇书评，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. ”1916年，来自Auburn, N.Y.的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A。
5．考查推理判断。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.”他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪；以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.”在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D。
6．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.”令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C。
7．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.”这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到Auburn结束；以及最后一段中的“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.”Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。可知，本文介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以说文本是一篇书评。故选B。
【答案】8．A
9．C
10．A
11．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；科普环保类；说明文；标题选择题
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，应用今天的"空中之眼"的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points."无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置。可推知，无人机检查铁路的能力，可知用于保障铁路安全，故选A。
9．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. "据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施。可知花在检修上的费用是用于检查和维修铁路基础设施，可知"That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety"是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全， maintenance 应是"检修"之意。故选C。
10．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 "Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time."带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样在火车前面行驶。 凭借他们的预见能力，他们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反应。可知对于无人机期待的功能是提前发现问题。故选A。
11．考查主旨大意。根据第一段"Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today's 'eyes in the sky' technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis."一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元 这很可能是应用今天的"空中之眼"技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行；第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能；第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知本文介绍了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，"无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。"符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
【答案】12．C
13．D
14．D
15．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇新闻报道，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
12．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity .”该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选C。
13．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“ It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. ”此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税，可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D。
14．考查细节理解。根据第五段“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.”然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的。可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D。
15．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.”根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑。可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B。
【答案】16．D；17．E；18．G；19．A；20．F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话。可知双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话， D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it “尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合语境。故选D。
17．根据空前“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.”确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过，了解你们想要联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效。介绍了异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式， E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication “朋友需要谈论他们喜欢的交流方式”承接上文，进一步提出对交流的方法的沟通；且空后“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”除了持续的文字交流，还有其他选择，比如留下语音信息或进行群聊。对E项中的“methods of communication”进行了举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E。
18．根据空后“The friend who is remaining”留下来的朋友；以及“The one in the new environment”在新环境中的那个。介绍了朋友的两个不同处境， G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind “你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，故选G。
19．根据空后“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的。介绍了诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，可推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是 A. Remember important dates “记得重要的日子”，符合语境。故选A。
20．根据空后“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.”但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。介绍了我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折， F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media “朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”介绍了可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don't rely on technology alone”不要仅仅依赖技术，故选F。
【答案】21．C；22．B；23．A；24．D；25．C；26．C；27．B；28．D；29．A；30．B；31．B；32．A；33．C；34．A；35．D；36．A；37．B；38．C；39．D；40．D
【知识点】科普环保类；学习教育类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。A. following“跟随”；B. taking“取走”；C. escaping“避开”；D. directing“指导”。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C。
22．句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever“聪明的”；B. bad“不擅长的”；C. scared“害怕的”；D. quick“快的”。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.固定短语，“不擅长某事”。故选B。
23．句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed“无遮蔽的，暴露的”；B. examined“已检查过的”；C. untouched“未受影响的”；D. imbalanced“失衡的”。根据空前“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A。
24．句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A. supported“支持”；B. guaranteed“保证”；C. imagined“想象”；D. interpreted“解释”。根据空后“as evidence that children are hopelessly ‘egocentric （自我中心的）' creatures.”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D。
25．句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. disappointing“令人失望的”；B. mixed“混合的”；C. surprising“令人惊讶的”；D. desired“渴望的”。根据空后“research results in child developmental psychology 6 that idea.”；以及下文“Our 19 suggest when a child ‘hides' by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C。
26．句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. explained“解释”；B. confirmed“证实”；C. contradicted“相矛盾”；D. tested“测试”。根据下文“Our 19 suggest when a child ‘hides' by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 20 when others use it.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C。
27．句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent“父（母）亲”；B. child“儿童”；C. researcher“研究员”；D. doctor“医生”。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B。
28．句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet“脚”；B. nose“鼻子”；C. hands“手”；D. ears“耳朵”。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D。
29．句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see“看见”；B. help“帮助”；C. reach“到达”；D. fool“欺骗”。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A。
30．句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. event“大事，事件”；B. thing“事情”；C. action“行动”；D. accident“事故”。根据下文“children said that they couldn't 12 to her.”可知，此处表示同样的事情发生了，孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选B。
31．句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. Yet“然而”；B. Now“此刻，现在”；C. Soon“很快，不久”；D. Once“一次，曾经”。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，这时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选B。
32．句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. speak“说”；B. listen“听”；C. turn“转”；D. wave“挥手”。根据上文“when the adult covered her own mouth”可知，此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选A。
33．句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions“命令”；B. descriptions“说明”；C. experiments“实验”；D. assumptions“假设”。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C。
34．句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. comprehended“理解”；B. predicted“预测”；C. explored“探索”；D. ignored“忽略”。根据空后“the questions and knew 15 what was asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A。
35．句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. partly“部分地”；B. honestly“诚实地”；C. vaguely“含糊地”；D. exactly“确切地”。根据空后“what was asked of them. Their 16 to the questions reflected their true 17 ”可知，孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什么，他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D。
36．句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. responses“回答”；B. approaches“方法”；C. contribution“贡献”；D. sensitivity“敏感性”。根据空后“to the questions”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A。
37．句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. ability“能力”；B. belief“看法”；C. identity“身份”；D. purpose“目的”。根据空后“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B。
38．句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back“阻止”；B. relate to“与.....有关联”；C. insist on“坚持”；D. make up“弥补”。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C。
39．句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。A. limitations“限制”；B. requirements“必要条件”；C. theories“理论”；D. findings“调查发现”。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示实验的研究结果表明孩子的“隐藏”并不是自我中心主义的结果。故选D。
40．句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative“实验性的”；B. impressive“令人印象深刻的”；C. creative“创造性的”；D. effective“有效的”。根据上文“They simply 18 mutual recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D。
【答案】41．by；42．the；43．addressed；44．largest；45．responsibility；46．shared；47．and；48．To strengthen；49．inviting；50．its
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日，中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及介词，非谓语动词，时态，形容词，名词，连词，代词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
41．句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
42．句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
43．句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。此处是谓语动词，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。
44．句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
45．句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
46．句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。share和名词future在逻辑上是动宾关系，应用过去分词，此处作定语。故填shared。
47．句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
48．句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
49．句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。逻辑主语the event与invite之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词，此处作状语。故填inviting。
50．句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
51．【答案】①greatly→ great ②lives→ live ③because后加of ④Whether→ If/When ⑤ they → you ⑥ cause → causing ⑦ 去掉have后的been ⑧what→ which ⑨were→ are ⑩bicycle→ bicycles
【知识点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者表述了骑自行车这项运动可以带来的好处。
（1）句意: 我们都知道骑自行车是一项很好的运动。需用形容词作定语修饰名词exercise。故greatly改为great。
（2）句意：医生告诉我，寿命最长的人是舞蹈家和骑自行车的人。people是集合名词，谓语动词用复数。故lives改为live。
（3）句意：也许是因为新鲜空气、流畅的运动和锻炼的结合。because表示“因为”，后面接从句，短语because of表示“因为”，后面接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语，the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise是名词短语。故在because后加of。
（4）句意：当你骑自行车的时候你是不用汽油的。由句意可知，该句阐述的是一个事实，需用if引导条件状语从句或when引导的时间状语从句；位于句首，注意首字母大写。故将Whether改为If/When。
（5）句意：所以你不会制造出二氧化碳，也不会造成空气污染。根据前一句中的人称you可知，这里假设“你”骑自行车，前后人称应保持一致。故they改为you。
（6）句意：所以你不会制造出二氧化碳，也不会造成空气污染。本句时态为现在进行时，连词and连接两个并列的现在分词，构成进行时。故cause改为causing。
（7）句意：看看汽车是如何占领我们的城市的。主语cars与动词take over之间是主谓关系，应用主动语态。故去掉have后的been。
（8）句意：它们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中做主语，应用which 引导。故what改为which。
（9）句意：还有交通堵塞。根据上下文时态可知，本句应用一般现在时。故were改为are。
（10）句意：如果用自行车代替汽车，我们的城市将变得更好。bicycle为可数名词，由句中的cars和句意可知，此处应用复数形式。故bicycle改为bicycles。
【点评】考查短文改错，本题考点涉及形容词，时态，主谓一致，介词，状语从句，代词，非谓语动词，语态，定语从句以及名词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇运动类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
52．【答案】Learning English Beyond the Classroom
Nowadays, with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers, an increasing number of students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways.
It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%. However, those choosing reading English books and visiting English learning websites only account for 18% and 12%.
As far as I'm concerned, it is a disturbing trend. For students, what benefits most to their study is reading English books. Because of their lack of self-discipline, they're more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games. It's urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline, and it's also urgent for parents and teachers to strengthen the guidance.
【知识点】提纲作文；图画式说明文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇说明文写作，要求考生 使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿 。写作背景： 学校英文报正在开展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom为题的讨论。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）学习活动状况描述：2）简单评论；3）你的建议。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%.运用了主语从句，限制性定语从句； However, those choosing reading English books and visiting English learning websites only account for 18% and 12%.运用了现在分词作定语；For students, what benefits most to their study is reading English books. 运用了主语从句；Because of their lack of self-discipline, they're more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games. 运用了原因状语从句；It's urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline, and it's also urgent for parents and teachers to strengthen the guidance.运用了并列句。
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2022年高考英语真题试卷（全国乙卷）
一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
（2022·全国乙卷）阅读理解
Henry Raeburn（1756-1823）
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait（肖像画）Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00 DUNCAN THOMSON Raeburn's English Contemporaries Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10 JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn's Portraits Thursday 6 Nov., 13.10 NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON Raeburn and Artist's Training in the 18th Century Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10 MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday-Saturday 10.00—17.45 Sunday 12.00—17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24—26 December and 1 January.
Admission
4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
1．What is the right time for attending Raeburn's English Contemporaries
A．Sun. 26 Oct. B．Thurs. 30 Oct.
C．Thurs. 6 Nov. D．Thurs. 13 Nov.
2．How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A． 4. B． 8. C． 12. D． 16.
3．How can full-time students get group discounts
A．They should go on Sunday mornings.
B．They should come from art schools.
C．They must be led by teachers.
D．They must have ID cards with them.
【答案】1．B
2．B
3．C
【知识点】细节理解题；数字计算题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家 Henry Raeburn 而举行的展览的相关情况。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、数字计算题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据Raeburn's English Contemporaries一栏中的“Thursday 30 Oct. ”10月30日星期四”可知，在10月30日星期四可以去参加Raeburn's English Contemporaries。故选B。
2．考查数字计算。根据Admission部分中的“ 4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.”4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。可知，一对夫妇应付 4x2= 8，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B。
3．考查细节理解。根据 Schools and Colleges 部分中的“A special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.”所有全日制教育的学生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每人2英镑的特别低入场费。可知，全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中，可以获得折扣，即他们必须由教师带领。故选C。
（2022·全国乙卷）阅读理解的
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed（牵涉）drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism（坚忍）of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: "When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter."
4．Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains
A．To teach in a school. B．To study American history.
C．To write a book. D．To do sightseeing.
5．What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3
A．They enjoyed much respect. B．They had a room with a bathtub.
C．They lived with the local kids. D．They suffered severe hardships.
6．Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair-raising
A．The extreme climate of Auburn.
B．The living conditions in Elkhead.
C．The railroad building in the Rockies.
D．The natural beauty of the West.
7．What is the text
A．A news report. B．A book review.
C．A children's story. D．A diary entry.
【答案】4．A
5．D
6．C
7．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇书评，介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇书评，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. ”1916年，来自Auburn, N.Y.的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A。
5．考查推理判断。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.”他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪；以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.”在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D。
6．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.”令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C。
7．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.”这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到Auburn结束；以及最后一段中的“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.”Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。可知，本文介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以说文本是一篇书评。故选B。
（2022·全国乙卷）阅读理解
Can a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure（基础设施）worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient（高效）across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
8．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A．The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B．Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C．The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D．Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
9．What does "maintenance" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Personnel safety. B．Assistance from drones.
C．Inspection and repair. D．Construction of infrastructure.
10．What function is expected of the rail drones
A．To provide early warning. B．To make trains run automatically.
C．To earn profits for the crews. D．To accelerate transportation.
11．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
【答案】8．A
9．C
10．A
11．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；科普环保类；说明文；标题选择题
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，应用今天的"空中之眼"的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points."无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置。可推知，无人机检查铁路的能力，可知用于保障铁路安全，故选A。
9．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. "据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施。可知花在检修上的费用是用于检查和维修铁路基础设施，可知"That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety"是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全， maintenance 应是"检修"之意。故选C。
10．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 "Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time."带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样在火车前面行驶。 凭借他们的预见能力，他们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反应。可知对于无人机期待的功能是提前发现问题。故选A。
11．考查主旨大意。根据第一段"Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today's 'eyes in the sky' technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis."一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元 这很可能是应用今天的"空中之眼"技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行；第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能；第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知本文介绍了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，"无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。"符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
（2022·全国乙卷）阅读理解
The
Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers
first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has
shown.
First
announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more
than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming
three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of
the disease.
Initially
the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data
of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At
present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019,
which will go to school sports.
It
comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar
levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they
can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as
a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.
Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for
every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar
content.
However,
some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and
are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices,
milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small
companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's
figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar
tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have
a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is
playing its part.
12．Why was the sugar tax introduced
A．To collect money for schools. B．To improve the quality of drinks.
C．To protect children's health. D．To encourage research in education.
13．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A．They turned to overseas markets.
B．They raised the prices of their products.
C．They cut down on their production.
D．They reduced their products' sugar content.
14．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A．Most alcoholic drinks. B．Milk-based drinks.
C．Fruit juices. D．Classic Coke.
15．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A．It is a short-sighted decision. B．It is a success story.
C．It benefits manufacturers. D．It upsets customers.
【答案】12．C
13．D
14．D
15．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇新闻报道，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
12．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity .”该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选C。
13．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“ It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. ”此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税，可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D。
14．考查细节理解。根据第五段“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.”然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的。可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D。
15．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.”根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑。可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B。
二、阅读理解 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
（2022·全国乙卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain（保持）long-distance friendships.
● Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact（联系）and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 16．
● More isn't always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 17． . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
● Practise empathy（共情）
18． . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
● 19．
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
● Don't rely on technology alone
20． , but long-distance friendships - even close ones - may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【答案】16．D；17．E；18．G；19．A；20．F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话。可知双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话， D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it “尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合语境。故选D。
17．根据空前“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.”确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过，了解你们想要联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效。介绍了异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式， E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication “朋友需要谈论他们喜欢的交流方式”承接上文，进一步提出对交流的方法的沟通；且空后“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”除了持续的文字交流，还有其他选择，比如留下语音信息或进行群聊。对E项中的“methods of communication”进行了举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E。
18．根据空后“The friend who is remaining”留下来的朋友；以及“The one in the new environment”在新环境中的那个。介绍了朋友的两个不同处境， G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind “你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，故选G。
19．根据空后“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的。介绍了诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，可推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是 A. Remember important dates “记得重要的日子”，符合语境。故选A。
20．根据空后“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.”但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。介绍了我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折， F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media “朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”介绍了可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don't rely on technology alone”不要仅仅依赖技术，故选F。
三、语言知识运用 第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
（2022·全国乙卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Young
children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them,
there's something highly exciting about 21． someone else's glance and making oneself
unable to be seen.
However,
we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 22． at hiding. They often cover only their eyes
with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 23． .
For
a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 24． as evidence that children are hopelessly
"egocentric"（自我中心的）creatures. But
our 25． research
results in child developmental psychology 26． that idea.
We
brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 27． sat down with an adult who covered her own
eyes or 28． .
We then asked the child if she could 29． or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children
replied that they couldn't. The same 30． happened when the adult covered her own mouth:
31． children said that they couldn't 32． to her.
A
number of 33． ruled out that the children misunderstood what
they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 34． the questions and knew 35． what was asked of them. Their 36． to the questions reflected their true 37． that "I can see you only if you can see
me, too." They simply 38． mutual（相互的）recognition
and regard. Our 39． suggest when a child "hides" by
putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact,
children consider this method 40． when others use it.
21．A．following B．taking C．escaping D．directing
22．A．clever B．bad C．scared D．quick
23．A．exposed B．examined C．untouched D．imbalanced
24．A．supported B．guaranteed C．imagined D．interpreted
25．A．disappointing B．mixed C．surprising D．desired
26．A．explained B．confirmed C．contradicted D．tested
27．A．parent B．child C．researcher D．doctor
28．A．feet B．nose C．hands D．ears
29．A．see B．help C．reach D．fool
30．A．event B．thing C．action D．accident
31．A．Yet B．Now C．Soon D．Once
32．A．speak B．listen C．tum D．wave
33．A．instructions B．descriptions C．experiments D．assumptions
34．A．comprehended B．predicted C．explored D．ignored
35．A．partly B．honestly C．vaguely D．exactly
36．A．responses B．approaches C．contribution D．sensitivity
37．A．ability B．belief C．identity D．purpose
38．A．hold back B．relate
to C．insist on D．make up
39．A．limitations B．requirements C．theories D．findings
40．A．tentative B．impressive C．creative D．effective
【答案】21．C；22．B；23．A；24．D；25．C；26．C；27．B；28．D；29．A；30．B；31．B；32．A；33．C；34．A；35．D；36．A；37．B；38．C；39．D；40．D
【知识点】科普环保类；学习教育类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。A. following“跟随”；B. taking“取走”；C. escaping“避开”；D. directing“指导”。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C。
22．句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever“聪明的”；B. bad“不擅长的”；C. scared“害怕的”；D. quick“快的”。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.固定短语，“不擅长某事”。故选B。
23．句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed“无遮蔽的，暴露的”；B. examined“已检查过的”；C. untouched“未受影响的”；D. imbalanced“失衡的”。根据空前“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A。
24．句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A. supported“支持”；B. guaranteed“保证”；C. imagined“想象”；D. interpreted“解释”。根据空后“as evidence that children are hopelessly ‘egocentric （自我中心的）' creatures.”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D。
25．句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. disappointing“令人失望的”；B. mixed“混合的”；C. surprising“令人惊讶的”；D. desired“渴望的”。根据空后“research results in child developmental psychology 6 that idea.”；以及下文“Our 19 suggest when a child ‘hides' by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C。
26．句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. explained“解释”；B. confirmed“证实”；C. contradicted“相矛盾”；D. tested“测试”。根据下文“Our 19 suggest when a child ‘hides' by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 20 when others use it.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C。
27．句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent“父（母）亲”；B. child“儿童”；C. researcher“研究员”；D. doctor“医生”。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B。
28．句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet“脚”；B. nose“鼻子”；C. hands“手”；D. ears“耳朵”。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D。
29．句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see“看见”；B. help“帮助”；C. reach“到达”；D. fool“欺骗”。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A。
30．句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. event“大事，事件”；B. thing“事情”；C. action“行动”；D. accident“事故”。根据下文“children said that they couldn't 12 to her.”可知，此处表示同样的事情发生了，孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选B。
31．句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. Yet“然而”；B. Now“此刻，现在”；C. Soon“很快，不久”；D. Once“一次，曾经”。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，这时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选B。
32．句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. speak“说”；B. listen“听”；C. turn“转”；D. wave“挥手”。根据上文“when the adult covered her own mouth”可知，此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选A。
33．句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions“命令”；B. descriptions“说明”；C. experiments“实验”；D. assumptions“假设”。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C。
34．句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. comprehended“理解”；B. predicted“预测”；C. explored“探索”；D. ignored“忽略”。根据空后“the questions and knew 15 what was asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A。
35．句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. partly“部分地”；B. honestly“诚实地”；C. vaguely“含糊地”；D. exactly“确切地”。根据空后“what was asked of them. Their 16 to the questions reflected their true 17 ”可知，孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什么，他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D。
36．句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. responses“回答”；B. approaches“方法”；C. contribution“贡献”；D. sensitivity“敏感性”。根据空后“to the questions”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A。
37．句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. ability“能力”；B. belief“看法”；C. identity“身份”；D. purpose“目的”。根据空后“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B。
38．句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back“阻止”；B. relate to“与.....有关联”；C. insist on“坚持”；D. make up“弥补”。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C。
39．句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。A. limitations“限制”；B. requirements“必要条件”；C. theories“理论”；D. findings“调查发现”。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示实验的研究结果表明孩子的“隐藏”并不是自我中心主义的结果。故选D。
40．句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative“实验性的”；B. impressive“令人印象深刻的”；C. creative“创造性的”；D. effective“有效的”。根据上文“They simply 18 mutual recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D。
四、语言知识运用 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2022·全国乙卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 41． the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 42． festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 43． （address）the opening ceremony. "As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 44． （large）tea-producing country, China has a 45． （responsible）to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 46． （share）future for mankind," he said.
The "First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative" issued（发布）at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 47． cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
48． （strengthen）the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 49． （invite）twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled（揭幕）at the ceremony, opening 50． （it）first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
【答案】41．by；42．the；43．addressed；44．largest；45．responsibility；46．shared；47．and；48．To strengthen；49．inviting；50．its
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日，中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及介词，非谓语动词，时态，形容词，名词，连词，代词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
41．句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
42．句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
43．句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。此处是谓语动词，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。
44．句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
45．句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
46．句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。share和名词future在逻辑上是动宾关系，应用过去分词，此处作定语。故填shared。
47．句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
48．句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
49．句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。逻辑主语the event与invite之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词，此处作状语。故填inviting。
50．句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
五、写作 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51．（2022·全国乙卷）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
We all know that
cycling is a greatly exercise. A doctor tells me people who lives the longest
are dancers and cyclists. Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air,
smooth movement and exercise. Whether you ride a bicycle, you don't use petrol.
So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not cause air pollution. Just see
how cars have been taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what
may put our lives in danger. And there were traffic jams, too. Our cities will
be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
【答案】①greatly→ great ②lives→ live ③because后加of ④Whether→ If/When ⑤ they → you ⑥ cause → causing ⑦ 去掉have后的been ⑧what→ which ⑨were→ are ⑩bicycle→ bicycles
【知识点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者表述了骑自行车这项运动可以带来的好处。
（1）句意: 我们都知道骑自行车是一项很好的运动。需用形容词作定语修饰名词exercise。故greatly改为great。
（2）句意：医生告诉我，寿命最长的人是舞蹈家和骑自行车的人。people是集合名词，谓语动词用复数。故lives改为live。
（3）句意：也许是因为新鲜空气、流畅的运动和锻炼的结合。because表示“因为”，后面接从句，短语because of表示“因为”，后面接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语，the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise是名词短语。故在because后加of。
（4）句意：当你骑自行车的时候你是不用汽油的。由句意可知，该句阐述的是一个事实，需用if引导条件状语从句或when引导的时间状语从句；位于句首，注意首字母大写。故将Whether改为If/When。
（5）句意：所以你不会制造出二氧化碳，也不会造成空气污染。根据前一句中的人称you可知，这里假设“你”骑自行车，前后人称应保持一致。故they改为you。
（6）句意：所以你不会制造出二氧化碳，也不会造成空气污染。本句时态为现在进行时，连词and连接两个并列的现在分词，构成进行时。故cause改为causing。
（7）句意：看看汽车是如何占领我们的城市的。主语cars与动词take over之间是主谓关系，应用主动语态。故去掉have后的been。
（8）句意：它们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中做主语，应用which 引导。故what改为which。
（9）句意：还有交通堵塞。根据上下文时态可知，本句应用一般现在时。故were改为are。
（10）句意：如果用自行车代替汽车，我们的城市将变得更好。bicycle为可数名词，由句中的cars和句意可知，此处应用复数形式。故bicycle改为bicycles。
【点评】考查短文改错，本题考点涉及形容词，时态，主谓一致，介词，状语从句，代词，非谓语动词，语态，定语从句以及名词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇运动类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
六、写作 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52．（2022·全国乙卷）学校英文报正在开展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1）学习活动状况描述：
2）简单评论；
3）你的建议。
注意：
1）词数100左右；
2）短文的题目和首句已为你写好。
【答案】Learning English Beyond the Classroom
Nowadays, with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers, an increasing number of students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways.
It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%. However, those choosing reading English books and visiting English learning websites only account for 18% and 12%.
As far as I'm concerned, it is a disturbing trend. For students, what benefits most to their study is reading English books. Because of their lack of self-discipline, they're more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games. It's urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline, and it's also urgent for parents and teachers to strengthen the guidance.
【知识点】提纲作文；图画式说明文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇说明文写作，要求考生 使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿 。写作背景： 学校英文报正在开展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom为题的讨论。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）学习活动状况描述：2）简单评论；3）你的建议。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%.运用了主语从句，限制性定语从句； However, those choosing reading English books and visiting English learning websites only account for 18% and 12%.运用了现在分词作定语；For students, what benefits most to their study is reading English books. 运用了主语从句；Because of their lack of self-discipline, they're more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games. 运用了原因状语从句；It's urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline, and it's also urgent for parents and teachers to strengthen the guidance.运用了并列句。
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