中考语法总复习之定语从句

课件58张PPT。 一个美丽的女孩
a beautiful girlbeautiful（形容词作前置定语）一个穿白色衣服的女孩a girl in whitein white（介词短语作后置定语）一个正唱歌的女孩 a girl is singing whois singing（定语从句，a girl为先行词） 定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代）词称为中心词。
形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成“……的”。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。Li Ming is a boy.Li Ming is a good boy .Li Ming is a good boy .形容词作定语介词短语作定语在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。goodwith glasseswho is wearing glasses句子作定语 先行词引导词(关系词） 从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.（被修饰的名词或代词）（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）修饰先行词的句子定语从句分析 结构：先行词+引导词+从句This is the card that I’ve just received先行词引导词 从句关系代词 关系副词who,that ,which ,
whom, whose Where, when,why 定语从句：由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：在名词或代词后
先 行 词： 被定语从句修饰的词
引 导 词：引导定语从句的词 关系代词
关系副词

引导词的作用: (1)引导定语从句
(2)在从句中作一成份
(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置
做题一般步骤步骤二步骤三In which = where 步骤一先行词house，带入句子This is the house_______ I live. 关系代词who, whom的用法
who和whom均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中who在定语从句中用作主语，whom在定语从句中用作宾语。如：
I met a girl who knew your sister.
In Berlin, he first met the woman whom he would one day marry.
但是，用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用who, that代之。如：
The person to whom I complained is the manager. 我向他投诉的那个人是经理。
The person (who, whom, that) I complained to is the manager. 我向他投诉的那个人是经理。
关系代词whose的用法
关系代词whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，它在定语从句中主要用作定语。如：
She is the woman whose car was stolen.
This is the house whose windows were broken.
Mrs. Gray, whose children are in college, is trying to get a job.
His house, whose windows were all broken, was a depressing sight. 关系代词which的用法which：只用于指事或物，不用于指人，它在定语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。如：
（1）She was not on the train which arrived just now.
她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。
（2）He never got back the money which he had lent him.他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱。
which在引导定语从句，作宾语是可以省略：
Is this the book（ which ）you are looking for？ (look for寻找) 这是你要找的书吗？关系代词that用法一、指人的用法
that用于指人，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：
A driver that has knocked someone down must stop.
撞人的司机必须停车。
He is the man that you have been looking for.
他就是你要找的那个人。
He is not that man that he was.
他已不是过去的他了。
二、指物的用法
that用于指物，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：
This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon.
这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。
She was annoyed by something that I had said.

Shengzhen is not the city that it used to be.
深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。
? The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.? The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face. The boy who is smiling is Tom.
(主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom.? The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The man who sits in front of me is Tom. ? The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (whom) everyone likes is kind.
(宾语) ? The woman got the job.
We saw her on the street.The woman (whom) we saw on the street
got the job.? The teacher will give us a talk.
We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will
give us a talk. Ex:
He is the teacher. The teacher can speak
French. He is the teacher who can speak French.? Do you know the man?
He came to visit you today. Do you know the man who came to
visit you today?? The lady stepped on his foot.
He was dancing with the lady.The lady (whom) he was dancing with
stepped on his foot.? Do you know the man?
You will visit him today.Do you know the man whom you will
visit today?applethe red
the green
the small
the bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big. ? Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat. The goat is eating her flowers.Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat which
is eating her flowers.? Can you lend me the book?
You talked about it last night.Can you lend me the book (which) you
talked about last night.
1、当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时 　　
(1) Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said? 　　
(2) There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world. 　　
(3) All that can be done has been done. 　　
(4) There is little (that) I can do for you. 　　
注意1：部分时候that可以省略，如部分例句将that用括号括住。 　注意2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who 　　
(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 　　

? that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。2、当先行词被序数词修饰 　　
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 　　
This is the best film that I have seen. 　　
4、当形容词被the very, the only，the same,the last ,any,little等修饰时 　　
(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy, 　　
(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 　　
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who 　　
(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？ 　　5、当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 　　
(1) Who is the man that is standing there? 　　
(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 　　
6、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时 　　
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? 　　
7.当关系代词在定语从句中做表语 　　
The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago. 　
8.当在there be句型中，通常情况下用that，不用which
who,that （先行词为人）区别1.用who不用that的情况：
(1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。
(2)当先行词为人称代词时。
He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
Those who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practise2.只能用which 的情况: 1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物)
2. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which
(1) She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry.
(2)My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the
ground and broke.
Read the text again and find the Attributive Clauses:My necklace is not the only thing that’s missing. 2. This is the cage that Polly lives in.3. We are looking for a thief who likes stealing parrots and necklace.6. I’ll shoot anyone who moves!4. When was the last time (that ) you saw the parrot?5. It was about some thieves who robbed a train… 7. I’ll shoot anyone who moves, anyone who moves!8. Is that the parrot which you are looking for?9. And is this the necklace that was stolen?10. Polly was the thief who stole Mum’s necklace!12.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle _______ were in the fields.
13.The wind blew down the tallest tree ____ is in
front of our school gate.
14.This is the very thing ______ I was looking for.
15.This is the second novel _____I have ever read.
16.There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten me.
17.Who is the man _______ is reading under the tree?
18.My hometown is not the same one _______ it used to be twenty years ago.
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
As 也可以用来引导定语从句.
当先行词与as,so,such,the same 连用或先行词本身是such,the same时,关系代词用as. As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
1.He is not such a man as only thinks of himself.
2.I should like to use the same pen as I used yesterday.
3.Such problems as are often mentioned should be solved.
4.I will read as many books as are required.
5. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.
　关系副词　关系副词：在句中作状语 　　
关系副词=介词+关系代词
　why=for which 　　where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) 　　when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 　
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 　　
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 　
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. 　　
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 　　
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 　　
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 　　
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 　　
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, 　　
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the leagueon which
where在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.in whichwhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+ 关系代词（which）”。Do you know the reason why she was late.It rained heavily, for which he was late for
the class.
1. This is the town __________ I was born.
This is the town _________ I visited last week.
2. I will never forget the day _______ I came to school.
I will never forget the day _______ I spent with you.
3. This is the reason ________ he was late.
This is the reason ________ he told me.
The reason _________he explained is not true.

where whichwhenwhichwhywhichwhich“介词＋关系代词(whom/which)”引导定语从句应注意：
1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素
A.与先行词的搭配关系
1）I will never forget the day _____________ I
joined the army.
2) I will never forget the days ____________ I
worked in the school.
3) I will never forget the year ____________ my son
went to college.
4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, ____________
most people had had supper.
on whichduring whichin whichby whichB. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯
1）Have you found the book ____________ I paid 29 US dollars?
2) Have you found the book _____________ I spent 29 US dollars?
3) Have you found the book _____________ we
learnt a lot?
4) Have you found the book ____________ she
often talks?
for which
on whichfrom which
about which

The boy (whom) you want to talk to
is in the lab.
The boy to whom you want to talk
is in the lab.
? The boy is in the lab.
You want to talk to himThe boy (whom/that) you want to talk to is in the lab.
The boy to whom you want to talk
is in the lab.
? This is the boy. I sit behind him.This is the boy (whom/that) I sit behind.This is the boy behind whom I sit.Do you find the pen?
I wrote with it just nowDo you find the pen (which/that) I wrote with just now?
Do you find the pen with which I wrote
just now?
Every student has many books,
A:______________（大多数）are textbooks.
B:________________ （一些） are extra curricular books.
C:______________ （其余的）are reference books.
D:________________（没有一本）are novels.
E:_______________（有几本）are English books.
most of whichsome of whichthe rest of whichnone of which
several of which1.Do you know who lives in the： building______there is a well?
A.in front of it B. in front of whose
C.in front of which D.in front which
2.I’ll never forget the day____I joined theLeague.
A.on which B.in which C.which D.at which
3.The woman__my brother spoke just now is my
teacher. A. who B.to whom C.to who D whom
4.Jeanne was her old friend,____she borrowed a
necklace. A.from who B.from whom
C.to that D.to whom
5.His glasses,______he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke its leg.
A.which B.with which C.without which D.thatCABBC做做试试6.she is a teacher of much knowledge,_____much can be learned.
A.who B.that C. from which D.from whom
7.He built a telescope_____he could study the skies. A.in which B.with that
C.through which D.by it
8.Do you know the reason____he was late?
A.that B.which C.for what D.for which
9.I have bought two ballpens,____writes well.
A.none of which B.neither of which
C.none of them D.neither of them
10.The Second World War_____millions of people were killed in 1945.
A.during which B.in that C.where D.on whichDCDBA11.China has many rivers,____the Changjiang River
is the longest. A.which B. in which
C.among which D. one of which
12.This is the very knife_____I used to cut apples
yesterday. A.that B.by which
C.which D.with which
13.The speed____which you drive your car mustn’t
too high.
14.In the park there are many flowers,the colour_____
which is bright and nice.
15.The little girl is reading a book,_____which there
are many pictures.
16.What were the things_______which he was not too sureCDatofinof17.They held a meeting,____which the hospital
director made a speech.
18.The book,_____which he paid 6 yuan,is worth
reading.
19.Is this the man____whose house the police found
the lost coloured TV?
20.The villagers dug along tunnel______which they
could go to the fields without being found by the
Japanese soldiers.
21.Wu Dong,_____whom I went to the concert,
enjoyed it very much.
22.The stories about Long March,_____which this
is one example,are well written.
atforinthroughwithof1.He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows,most of _________had not been cleaned for at least one year.
2.In the dark street, there was not a single person _____ ______she could turn for help.
3.China has a lot of islands ,the largest_____ _________is Taiwan.
4.The old lady had one son and two daughters,_________ ________ _______treated her well, ______made her very sad.
5.There are forty students in our class,______ _______20 are girls; the rest are boys.
whichTo whomof whichnone of whichwhichof whomExercise 1 :用关系代词填空The boy ____________ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.
The e-mail ___________ I received yesterday was from my sister.
I hate people ______________ talk much but do little.
The car _____________ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who / thatwhich/ thatwho / thatwhich / that5. The man ______ hair is white is his grandfather.
6. Is there a student _________ father is a business man?
7. This is the house in ________ we have lived for 10 years.
8.I’ve never heard of the people and things ________ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise 2. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things ______ they couldn’t remember.
Say all ________ you know.
Is there anything ______ I can do for you?thatthatthat当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.This is the first play ________ I have seen since I came here.
5. This is the best novel _______ I have read.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Who is the girl _______is standing under the tree?
7. Which is the machine ____ we used last Sunday.当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthatMatch the two sentences
1.I’m reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates.
_______________________________________
2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese.
_______________________________________
3.I don’t like the man. He is smoking.
____________________________________
4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week.
_______________________________________ I’m reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese.I don’t like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：
The man who came here yesterday has come again.

限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。
1.His mother ,whom he loved dearly,went abroad.
2.This machine ,which he has looked after for many years ,is still working perfectly.
3.Aqiao,whose parents had died ,had to make a living by herself.
4.The family ,who lived upstairs,are fond of music.
说明：非限制性定语不能用that 引导；
作宾语用的关系代词不能省；
要用逗号隔开。
2.定语从句和并列句
是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键
1. I saw some trees, and the leaves of the trees were black with disease.
-----I saw some trees, the leaves of ________were black with disease.
2. The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of __________there is a pair of glasses
3.The World Trade Organization (WTO) finally opened its door to China on November 10,_____ a 15-year wait.
A. to end B. ended C. ending D. ends
whichwhomC A whom?B．them??C．they??D．who??
1）Mr?Smith?has?three?sons，none?of?＿＿is a computerexpert．??2He has three?sisters，＿＿＿＿＿?are?doctors．??3）She?has?three?CDs，but?none?of＿＿＿＿is interesting．??4）I?have?many?friends，and?all?of＿＿＿＿＿are niceandfriendly．??5）Miss?Yang?has?some?relatives?here；＿＿＿like?her?very?much
6) He has two sons, neither of looks like him.
7) He has two sons, and neither of looks like him.
8) He has two sons. Both of ____look like him.
ADBBCABB3.定语从句和状语从句
（1）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的that 是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。
(1)This is such a big stone _______no one can lift it.
This is such a big stone _______no one can lift.
(2)Please put the letter in the drawer _____ ______he can easily find it.
Please put the letter_________he can easily find it.
thataswherewhere1 You may stay _________you like.
2 We put the corn ___ the birds could find it easily.
3 I’d like you to take my picture ___stands the ancient tower
4 Bamboo grows well___ it is warmer and wet all the year round.
A in the place B in the place where
C the place where D in which
5 I’ve never been to___ my grandfather was born.
A which B in which C where D that wherewherewhereBC定语从句和强调句
强调句句型：It is/was +被强调的成份+that/who +其它部分去掉 It is/was….that/who… ,句子照样成立。(1) I lived in this room last year. (2) He went to school at seven this morning.而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。
(1) It is in this room ______I lived last year.
It is the room _______I lived last year.
(2) It was at seven o’clock ________he went
to school this morning.
It was seven o’clock _______he went to
school this morning.
thatwherethatwhen看谁区别的准！！1A.Is this the factory_____you visited last year?
B.Is this factory____you visited last year?
a.that b.where c.in which d.the one
2.A.Mr Smith is one of those foreigners who____
working in China.
B.Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners
who____working in China.
a.is b.has c.have d.are
3.A.Don’t discuss questions such_____those.
B.Let’s discuss only the questions______
we are interested in.
a.which b.that c.as d.about which
4.A. All____I need is a good rest.
B. ____I need is a good rest.
a.What B All what c.That d.WhichADDACBCA定语从句专项练习题[初中中考衔接]
1. Don’t talk about such things of _______ you are not sure.
A. which B. what C. as D. those
4. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.
A. as B. that C. which D. what
13. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist _______ were in the concert we attended last night.
A. which B. whom C. who D. that
16. Anyone ________ this opinion may speak out.
A. that against B. that against C. who is against D. who are against
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