2022年英语初升高之句子成分讲解课件（带练习）(共20张PPT)

(共20张PPT)
专题01 句子成分详解
By Nancy
一、句子成分对应的英文及其缩写
S: Subject 主语； V: Verb 动词（谓语）
O: Object 宾语； P: Predicative 表语
OC: Object Complement 宾语补足语
InO: Indirect Object 间接宾语
DO：Direct Object 直接宾语
二、句子成分详解
主语（subject）：句子中说明的人或事物，是谓语动词的发出者，多位于句首
常用名词和代词充当。
eg，
You are my sunshine.
Doing exercise is beneficial to our body.
What you said is true.
2. 谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。只能由动词或者动词短语充当。eg，
Some students work out that difficult problem.
The girls are swimming in the pool now.
3. 表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
常用名词、形容词和短语充当。
常见系动词: be, 感官动词sound（听）, look（看）, feel(摸)，smell（闻）, taste（尝起来）, remain，keep, stay（保持，仍是）, 变得（become, turn, go, get）, seem(似乎)，appear(好像)...
eg，
The cloth feels soft.
4. 宾语： 宾语是动作行为的对象。常有名词、代词和短语充当。
直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语
eg，
On my birthday, my mom bought me a phone .
(me为间接宾语，a phone为直接宾语)
5. 宾语补足语：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。有些及物动词的宾语后面还需有一个补足语，意思才完整。
eg，
I must make my bed clean and tidy every morning.
He found it important to master a foreign language.
6. 状语：状语主要是修饰动词、形容词或副词的，有的修饰全局。常由副词和介词短语充当。单个副词一般位于动词前后，介词短语或者状语从句位于句首或者句末。
eg，
I am extremely delighted to hear that he passed the exam.
When it rained, he was playing soccer on the playground.
6. 定语：定语是修饰名词和代词的。常由形容词，介词短语、代词等充当。
eg，
This is the book that I am longing for.
The girl with short hair is my sister.
6. 同位语：两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明解释另一个句子成分。
eg，
The news that we are having a seven-day holiday soon is not true .
Mr. Brown, my English teacher, is kind to us.
三、练习
1. There are more than 700 events for children and adults who love books.
解析：are为谓语，more than...为主语， who love books为定语从句
2. Music lovers come to this festival to enjoy music shows around the city.
解析：come to为谓语，music lovers为主语，this festival为宾语， to enjoy...为目的状语
3. Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better。
解析：第二个are为谓语，rats为主语，Although there are already robots which can do this job为 让步状语从句， which can do this job作为定语从句此时robots.
4. Get rid of all the possessions you haven't used in the last year.
解析：此句为祈使句，get rid of为谓语，you为主语但省略掉了，all the possessions为宾语， you haven't used in the last year.
作为定语从句修饰possessions.
5. There they met people from other parts of the country, who had also volunteered to help.
解析：met为谓语，they为主语，people from other parts of the country为宾语， who had also volunteered to help作为定语从句修饰people.
四、按要求翻译句子
1.我认为学会游泳很重要。
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2. 当他们听到这消息的时候，他们感觉很激动。
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It is important for me to learn to swim.
When they heard the news, they felt/were excited.
3.重庆是一座来了就不想走的城市。
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4. 他们获得成功的消息传遍了大街小巷。
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Chongqing is a city where no one wants to leave if he comes here.
The news that they succeeded spread around the city/town.
5.学好物理真是一件很困难的事。
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6. 每天的锻炼对我们身心有益。
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It is hard to learn physics
Doing exercise every day is good for our body and heart.
7.不经历风雨，怎能见彩虹
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8. 不管你说什么，我都相信你。
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If you don’t struggle for better, you can’t gain the better.
Whatever you say, I believe in you.
9.考试结束后，我感觉很疲惫。
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10.天助自助者。
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I felt really tired after taking exams.
God helps those who help themselves.
谢谢大家!