中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.
Section A (2d＆Grammar Focus-4c) 导学案
学 年 2021-2022年度第二学期 科目 八年级英语 课题 Unit 10 Section A (2d＆Grammar Focus-4c) 授课时间
主 备 人 使用人 八年级师生 课型 语法课 审核签字 学案序号 10-3
学习目标 在语境中听懂、认读、理解运用词汇与短语。 能够用现在完成时讨论拥有的物品和周围的事物。 通过体会延续性动词和短暂性动词的区别，能够正确使用现在完成时询问并表达持续性动作或状态。 通过4a和4b练习，进一步巩固知识。 通过模仿2d真实语境的对话，能加深对现在完成时for, since的理解，能够用现在完成时表达自己拥有的个人物品以及拥有物品的时间，合理运用目标语言进行相对完整的语言输出。
重 点 能用现在完成时谈论话题，掌握for与since在现在完成时中的应用。 能熟练掌握延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时的运用。
难 点
教师寄语 Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，无所不成。)
自主预习 一、根据汉语意思写出下列单词并熟读。 家乡；故乡 n.____________________检查；审查 v. & n. ________________板；木板n._____________________
二、根据汉语意思写出下列句子。 —你拥有那边那辆自行车多久了 —我已经拥有它三年了。—他的儿子拥有这火车铁轨套装多久了？—自从四岁生日起他就拥有了它。—你曾经踢过足球吗？—是的，我小时候踢过，但我已经有一段时间没踢了。
精讲点拨 现在完成时的用法（3） 表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示“从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用，如“for +时间段” since +时间点” “ since +过去时的从句”，since+一段时间+ago”等。且for与since引导的时间状语可以进行相互转换。 eg：My uncle has worked at this factory for ten years. =My uncle has worked at this factory since ten years ago. 我的叔叔已经在这个工厂工作了10年。 Mr. Black has taught in China since 2000. 自从2000年以来布莱克先生一直在中国执教。 句中动词的特点 此种用法中表示持续性的动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外） eg：I've had the camera for three year. 这部照相机我已经买了3年了。 How long has your elder brother been in the army/been a soldier 你哥哥参军多长时间了？ 延续性动词与非延续性动词 延续性动词表示经验、经历；非延续性动词表示行为的结果不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 ⑴ 延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法： ① 非延续性动词与短暂性时间（点）连用。 eg：He joined the league three years ago. 他入团3年了。 ② 用“It is/has been + 时间段 + since...”句型。 eg：It is/has been three years since I bought the book. 这本书我买了3年了。 ③ 用相应的延续性动词替换非延续性动词，句子用现在完成时，时间状语为“for +时间段”或“since +时间点”“since +从句（过去时）”“since + —段时间 + ago”。 eg：The old man died 4 years ago.=The old man has been dead for 4 years. 那位老人去世4年了。 I borrowed the book 5 days ago.=I have kept the book since 5 days ago. 这本书我借了5天了。 ④ 英语中，按动词延续的时间长短，可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。延续性动词，如：learn“学习”，work“工作”，play“玩耍”等。短暂性动词，即动作一开始便结束的动词，如：come“来”，go“去”，begin“幵始”，become“变成”，buy“购买”。延续性动词，就是可以想做多久就做多久的事情，只要你不累。短暂性动词就是一瞬间的事情。 当句子中出现“for+一段时间”，“since+从句”，“since+表示时间点的名词”，how long等，这些时间状语的时候，不能使用短暂性动词，要使用延续性动词。用于现在完成时。（口诀：看见since，for，how long；廷续性动词不能忘） eg：His grandfather has died for ten years. (×) His grandfather has been dead for ten years. (√) 他的祖父已经去世十年了。 My brother has joined the army since five years ago. (×) My brother has been in the army since five years ago. (√) 我的兄弟自从五年前就在军队服役了。 How long has the film begun (×) How long has the film been on (√) 电影上映多久了？ 牢记：常见的短暂性动词对应的延续性动词 短暂性动词延续性动词put on穿上wear穿着meet遇见know认识borrow借来keep持有buy买have拥有join加入be in在……里了catch/get+病 得病have+病 有病leave离开……be away from 离开……了come to/go to reach/arrive in(at) 来，去，到达be in/at 在……die死be dead死了的start/begin开始be on进行了finish/end结束be over结束了open打开be open (adj.) 开着的close关闭be closed (adj.) 关着的marry结婚be married 已婚的go back to / return to 返回be back to回来了go out出去be out在外面了become变成be是fall asleep/get to sleep 入睡be asleep睡着的
eg：We have had the book for three years.(√) 这本书我们买了三年了。 We have bought the book three years ago. (×) He has had a cold for three days.(√) 他感冒三天了. He has caught a cold three days ago. (×) I have kept the book since last week.(√)自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书. I have borrowed the book last week. (×) I have been a student for over two years.(√) 我成为一个学生两年多了. I have become a student two years ago. (×) Mr Black has been dead for three years.(√) Mr Black死了三年了。 Mr Black has died three years ago. (×) Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.(√) 小明参军半年了。 Xiao Ming has joined the army half a year ago. (×) Jim has been in Japan for three days. have been in + 地点名词，常与时间段连用，表示“待在某地（多长时间）”。当 have been in 后面接地点副词时，省略 in。 eg：— How long have you been in China — I have been here since six years ago.
检测小结 一、用since或for改写句子 The movie is on. It began twenty minutes ago. The movie ________ ________ ________ since twenty minutes ago. My brother joined the Party fifteen years ago. My brother ________ ________ ________ the Party for fifteen years. I borrowed the book two weeks ago. I ________ ________ the book for two weeks. My brother left home a month ago. My brother ________ ________ ________ from home since a month ago. His aunt bought the car two years ago. His aunt ________ ________ the car for two years. 二、句型转换。 Paul has had the kite for two years. (改为一般疑问句) _________Paul ___________the kite for two years The cat died three days ago. (改为同义句) The cat __________ __________ __________ for three days. Tom has eaten this kind of chicken before. (改为否定句) Tom _________ ___________ this kind of chicken before. I have been here for three years. (对画线部分提问) _________ __________have you been here I bought the radio two days ago. (改为同义句) I________ ___________ the radio for two days. 三、单项选择。 ( )1.—________ have you kept this book —For two months. A．How soon B．How old C．How long D．How often ( )2.—I'm sorry to have kept you waiting long. —Never mind. I ________ here for only a few minutes. A．came B．have been C．have come D．had come ( )3.Betty ________ hard since last term. That's why her exam results are so good! A．has worked B．will work C．worked D．was working ( )4.My brother likes eating meat. ________ me, I like vegetables and fruit. A．Instead of B．Because of C．As for D．According to ( )5.I am surprised at the new look of my hometown, for it ________ a lot over the years. A．changed B．changes C．will change D．has changed
参考答案
自主预习 一、根据汉语意思写出下列单词并熟读。 hometowncheckboard
二、根据汉语意思写出下列句子。 How long have you had that bike over there I’ve had it for three years.How long has his son owned the train and railway set He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.Have you ever played football Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t played for a while now.
检测小结 一、用since或for改写句子 has been onhas been inhave kepthas been awayhas had
二、句型转换。 Has；hadhas been deadhasn’t eatenHow longhave had/owned
三、单项选择。 CBACD
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Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.
Section A 2d＆Grammar Focus-4c
Learning objectives
Key words & phrases :
hometown; check; check out; board; board game .
Key sentences:
1. She has been ill since Monday.
2. I have never been to the water park before.
3. How long has his son owned the train and railway set
Learning objectives:
1. 在语境中认读、理解运用词汇。
2. 能够用现在完成时讨论拥有的物品和周围的事物。
3. 通过体会延续性动词和短暂性动词的区别，能够正确使用现在完成时询问并表达持续性动作或状态。
4. 通过4a和4b练习，进一步巩固知识。
5.通过模仿2d真实语境的对话，能加深对现在完成时for, since的理解，能够用现在完成时表达自己拥有的个人物品以及拥有物品的时间，合理运用目标语言进行相对完整的语言输出。
Warm up
Let’s watch a video.
Warm up
When do people usually have yard sales
Why are the sales called “yard sales”
What kinds of things do people sell at a yard sale
Why do people like to buy things at a yard sale
Watch and answer.
Do yo know what could be sold in a yard sale
a toy bear
soft toys
a bread maker
Lead in
a scarf
old clothes
board games
棋类游戏；桌游
Presentation
Read the conversation in 2d and answer the questions.
Where are the two people talking
2. What does Amy want to do there
3. What did Amy take there
They are at the Sunshine Home for Children.
Amy wants to give away some things to the children.
A magazine, some soft toys, board games, a sweater, a dress and a bread maker.
Presentation
2d
Role-play the conversation.
Linda: Welcome to the Sunshine Home for Children. I’m Linda.
Amy: Hi, I’m Amy. I have some things for the kids. I’ve had this magazine for a couple of months. The stories inside may be a bit old, but they’re still interesting.
Linda: Great! Many children here love reading.
Amy: And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids. I’ve had them since I was a child. There’s also a sweater and a dress.
check v. 检查；审查
check out 察看；观察
几个月
有点儿老
Linda: Perfect! We always need toys and clothes.
Amy: One last thing is a bread maker. My mom’s had it for
a long time but it still works.
Linda: Thanks so much!
太好了！
We’ll see which group does the best.
Read the dialogue aloud for a few minutes by yourself.
Role-play in groups.
Role-play in front of the class.
Presentation
Presentation
Role-play the conversation.
Grammar focus
How long have you had that bike over there I’ve had it for three years.
How long has his son owned the train and railway set He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
Have you ever played football Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t played for a while now.
Translate these sentences and let’s read.
Grammar Focus
你拥有那边那辆自行车多久了
我已经拥有它三年了。
他的儿子拥有这列火车铁轨套装多久了？
自从四岁生日起他就拥有了它。
你曾经踢过足球吗？
是的，我小时候踢过，但我已经有一段时间没踢了。
How long have you had that bike over there I’ve had it for three years.
How long has his son owned the train and railway set He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
Have you ever played football Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t played for a while now.
1、现在完成时的特殊疑问句结构是什么？
疑问词（不作主语）+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他成分
2、用什么疑问词来询问拥有某物品的时间？
询问拥有时间的疑问词用how long。
3、Find adverbials of time beginning with for and since.
Grammar
Grammar
探究1. present perfect tense with since & for
现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用.
某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“for + 时间段”表示“持续了... ”。“ since＋过去的时间点或从句”或“since + 时间段＋ago”连用，表示“自从 ...”。
eg：He has worked here for over twenty years.
He has learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.
She’s been at this school since five years ago.
Grammar
【拓展延伸】含 for 和含 since 的现在完成时的句子有时可互相转换。
我从13年前开始就住在这里。
I’ve lived here since 13 years ago.
= I’ve lived here for 13 years.
= It has been 13 years since I began to live here.
Grammar
Use for or since to form adverbials of time:
________ 5 years ________ last Monday
________ you came here ________ a long time
________ 2018 ________ his 7th birthday
________ 2 days ________ 2 days ago
for
for
since
for
since
since
since
since
1. I have been here ________ five months ago.
2. He has been a soldier _____ about two months.
3. Great changes have taken place ________ you left.
4. His grandpa has been dead _____ ten years.
5. I have studied English _______ I was 12 years old.
6. It is two years ________ I became a postgraduate student.
Grammar
Fill in the blanks with since or for.
since
for
since
for
since
since
Grammar
探究2. 延续性动词与非延续性动词
思考:
与how long, for 或者since搭配使用在现在完成时中的动词有什么共同特点？
How long has Mary left
How long has Mary been away
B. How long has he borrowed the book
How long has he kept the book
C. Maria has come back since Monday.
Maria has been back since Monday.
D. Tony has bought the computer for two years.
Tony has had the computer for two years.
×
√
×
√
×
√
×
√
其动词必须为延续性动词，非延续性动词不能用于现在完成时。
英语中，按动词延续的时间长短，可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。延续性动词，如：learn“学习”，work“工作”，play“玩耍”等。短暂性动词，即动作一开始便结束的动词，如：come“来”，go“去”，begin“幵始”，become“变成”，buy“购买”。延续性动词，就是可以想做多久就做多久的事情，只要你不累。短暂性动词就是一瞬间的事情。
当句子中出现“for+一段时间”，“since+从句”，“since+表示时间点的名词”，how long等，这些时间状语的时候，不能使用短暂性动词，要使用延续性动词。用于现在完成时。（口诀：看见since，for，how long；廷续性动词不能忘）
eg：His grandfather has died for ten years. (×)
His grandfather has been dead for ten years. (√)
他的祖父已经去世十年了。
My brother has joined the army since five years ago. (×)
My brother has been in the army since five years ago. (√)
我的兄弟自从五年前就在军队服役了。
How long has the film begun (×)
How long has the film been on (√) 电影上映多久了？
Grammar
非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换(常用)
非延续性动词（词组） 延续性动词（词组）
put on穿上 wear穿着
meet遇见 know认识
borrow借来 keep持有
buy买 have拥有
join加入 be in在……里了
catch/get+病得病 have+病有病
leave be away from 离开……了
come to/go to reach/arrive in(at) 来，去，到达 be in/at 在……
非延续性动词（词组） 延续性动词（词组）
die死 be dead死了的
start/begin开始 be on进行了
finish/end结束 be over结束了
open打开 be open (adj.) 开着的
close关闭 be closed (adj.)关着的
marry结婚 be married 已婚的
go back to / return to 返回 be back to回来了
go out出去 be out在外面了
become变成 be是
fall asleep/get to sleep 入睡 be asleep睡着的
eg：We have had the book for three years.(√) 这本书我们买了三年了。
We have bought the book three years ago. (×)
He has had a cold for three days.(√) 他感冒三天了.
He has caught a cold three days ago. (×)
I have kept the book since last week.(√)自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.
I have borrowed the book last week. (×)
I have been a student for over two years.(√) 我成为一个学生两年多了.
I have become a student two years ago. (×)
Mr Black has been dead for three years.(√) Mr Black死了三年了。
Mr Black has died three years ago. (×)
Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.(√) 小明参军半年了。
Xiao Ming has joined the army half a year ago. (×)
Becky (has been, has become) a doctor for ten years. She likes her job very much.
2) We are late. The movie (has started, has been
on) for ten minutes.
3) Ken, you should return the book to the library. You______________
(have borrowed, have kept) it for more than two weeks.
4) I (have bought, have had) this bike since I was ten,
so I want to buy a new one.
has been
has been on
have kept
have had
练一练
练一练
下面是句子的同义句转换，将原句一般过去时改成现在完成时
1. He went to school two hours ago. (一般过去时)
get to/ arrive in ( at ) /reach+地点→be in+地点
He has been in school for two hours.
(现在完成时，将go to school变为be in school, for +时间段)
He has been in school since two hours ago.
(现在完成时，since跟过去的时间点)
2. I borrowed the book five days ago.(一般过去时)
borrow借(短暂) →keep保存(延续)
I have kept the book for five days.
I have kept the book since five days ago.
3. He bought the bike three years ago.
4. She fell asleep one hour ago.
5. My sister became a nurse one year ago.
He has had the bike for three years.
He has had the bike since three years ago.
She has been asleep for one hour.
She has been asleep since one hour ago.
My sister has been a nurse for one year.
My sister has been a nurse since one year ago.
buy买(短暂)→have拥有(延续)
fall asleep入睡(短暂)→be asleep睡着的(延续)
become变成(短暂)→be是(延续)
4a
Presentation
Rewrite the sentences using for or since.
1. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago.
____________________________________________
2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.
____________________________________________
3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009.
____________________________________________
They have not eaten for ten hours.
I have had a camera since 2009.
Jim has been in Japan for three days.
一直待在日本
Presentation
4. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago.
________________________________________________
5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday.
________________________________________________
I have known Anna for three years.
Linda has been ill since Monday.
Presentation
4b
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
I _______________ (never be) to the water park before. I want to _______ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold.
They ________________ (never own) any pets, but they ___________________ (always want) to have a dog.
We ____________ (have) a piano since last November. We ________________ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year.
have never been
go
have never owned
have always wanted
have had
bought
Presentation
Cathy and Amy __________________ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They ___________ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.
This museum _____________ (be) here for over 20 years. It ______ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.
have not/haven’t been
miss
has been
is
n. 家乡；故乡
Presentation
4c
Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.
Things How long
Tony favorite book for two years
basketball since he was 10 years old
Student 1
Student 2
1. Do you have a(n) __________ How long have you had it
2. Do you own a(n) __________ How long have you owned it
Language points
1. Jim has been in Japan for three days. (教材P76 4a)
have been in + 地点名词
Point
have been in + 地点名词，常与时间段连用，表示“待在某地（多长时间）”。当 have been in 后面接地点副词时，省略 in。
eg：— How long have you been in China
— I have been here since six years ago.
Homework
1. Do the exercises in students’ book.
2. Read and recite in Section A (2d).
3. Preview (Section B (1a-1d)).
谢谢
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