Module 2 Education Unit 3 Language in use课件(共53张PPT)

(共53张PPT)
Unit 3 Language in use
Module 2 Education
目录
语法聚焦
01
课堂小测
02
代词、介词
一、代词
1. 定义：代词是代替名词或一句话的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词, 按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为十类。本模块主要讲解人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词和不定代词。
2.人称代词、物主代词及反身代词
人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
I me my mine myself
you(你) you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
we us our ours ourselves
you(你们) you your yours yourselves
they them their theirs themselves
用法 举例
主格用来作主语 I like English. 我喜欢英语。
宾格用来作宾语、表语或主语 She told me a story yesterday. 她昨天给我讲了一个故事。
The girl in the photo is me. 照片里的女孩是我。
—Who’s there 谁在那儿
—Only me. 只有我。
The girl in the photo is me. 照片里的女孩是我。
反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语时起强调作用, 可以放主语、宾语后, 也可以放句末 I can do it myself. 我可以自己完成。
注意：名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词＋名词。如： This isn’t my dictionary. Mine is over there. (mine＝my dictionary)这不是我的字典,我的(字典)在那儿。
形容词性物主代词用来作定语, 相当于一个形容词, 置于名词之前 That’s my computer.那是我的电脑。
名词性物主代词起名词的作用 —Whose ruler is this？ 这是谁的尺子？
反身代词作宾语, 放于及物动词或介词之后 The girl is so old that she can look after herself. 这女孩岁数足够大, 可以自己照顾自己。
3.指示代词
用法 举例
指示代词在句中作主语、宾语、表语,也可以代替形容词作定语 This is my pen. 这是我的钢笔。 →These are my pens. 这些是我的钢笔。(作主语)
These students will go hiking. 这些学生将去远足。(作定语)
打电话时常用this指代“我”,用that指代“你” This is Mary speaking.Who is that 我是玛丽。你是谁
有时为了避免重复,可用that和those代替前面提到的名词 The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. 中国人口比日本人口多得多。(that=the population)
除用作代词外,this和that都可用作副词,与形容词或副词连用,意为“这么;那么”,相当于so Is it this/so hot every day 每天都这么热吗
4.疑问代词
疑问代词指who, which, whom, whose, what, whoever, whichever, whomever, whatever等用于引导特殊疑问句的代词。常见的疑问代词的用法如下表：
疑问代词 主要用法 举例
who 作主语、表语、宾语(作宾语时不能放在介词之后) Who wants to go with me？ 谁想和我一起去？(作主语)
Who are you talking to？ (此句中的who作介词的宾语, 可用whom代替)你在跟谁说话？
who 作主语、表语、宾语 (作宾语时不能放在介词之后) Who wants to go with me？ 谁想和我一起去？(作主语)
Who are you talking to？ (此句中的who作介词的宾语, 可用whom代替)你在跟谁说话？
whom who的宾格形式, 作宾语 To whom are you talking？ 你在跟谁说话？
whose who的所有格形式, 作主语、表语、宾语或定语 Whose book is this？ 这是谁的书？
what/who what可用于询问某人的职业、事物或人的姓名等 What is Susan？苏珊是做什么的？
—She’s a designer. 她是一名设计师。
What’s your name 你叫什么名字
who可用于询问某人的身份、姓名 Who is the boy under the tree？ 树下的那个男孩是谁？
—He is Li Ming. 他是李明。
what/which what指不定数目中的“哪一个；哪一些；什么”, 没有一定范围的限定 What would you like？ 你喜欢什么？
which意为“哪一个”, 指在一定范围内特指的人或物 Which do you like, spring or summer？ 你喜欢哪一个(季节), 春天还是夏天？
5.不定代词
英语中的不定代词有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, every等, 以及由 some, any, no, every和body, one, thing等构成的复合不定代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等)。
用法 举例
有些不定代词意指两者(如both, either, neither, each), 有些不定代词意指三者(如all, any, none, every)。其中：both与neither互为反义词,all与none相反。both,all都可作同位语,通常位于行为动词之前,be动词、助动词或情态动词之后。
Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。
All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。
There are flowers on each side of the street. 街道的两边都种着花。
(1)指两者和三者的不定代词
而each可单独使用,侧重个体；every则不能单独使用,且着重全体。在肯定句中用any通常表示“任一”,后接单数可数名词或不可数名词，此时any作形容词。表部分否定用all或both+not,表示全部否定用none或neither There are trees on any/every side of the square. 广场的每一边都种有树。
He has two sons, neither of whom is rich. 他有两个儿子, 他们都不富有。
He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子, 他们都不富有。
不定代词either与neither的用法区别： either指“两者中的任何一个”；neither指“两者中任何一个也不”, 属于both的全部否定 There are mango trees on either side of the street. 街道两旁都有芒果树。(句中的either side＝each side＝both sides)
Either of the answers is right. 两个答案中有一个对。
Neither of the answers is right. 两个答案都不对。
不定代词none与no one的用法区别： none既可指人也可指物, 常暗示一定范围, 因此通常与表范围的of短语连用；而no one(＝nobody)只能指人, 且不能与of短语连用。none与数量有关, 可回答how many引导的疑问句, 表示“一个也没有”；而no one表示“什么人也没有”, 可回答who引导的疑问句 None of that money on the table is mine. 桌上的钱没有一分是我的。
No one (＝Nobody) knows about it. 没有人了解此事。
—How many people are there in that room 那个房间里有几个人
—None.一个人也没有.
—Who was late today 今天谁迟到了
—No one.谁也没有迟到。
用法 举例
一般说来, some 用于肯定句中, any 用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。但是, 在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的疑问句中, 通常用 some 而不用any I have some pens. 我有一些钢笔。
I don’t have any pens. 我没有钢笔。
Would you like some rice？ 你想吃点米饭吗？
Why not buy some bread？ 为什么不买些面包呢？
(2)some和any的用法
不定代词 any 有时也用于肯定句中, 此时表示“任何” Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以。
(3)复合不定代词 复合不定代词是由some, any, no, every加上one, body, thing, where, time所组成的不定代词。其用法如下：
用法 举例
复合不定代词被定语(通常为形容词)修饰时, 定语应放在它们后面 There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这部收音机没有毛病。
No one else loves you more than I do. 没有别的人比我更爱你。
指人的复合不定代词若用作主语, 其谓语动词一般用单数, 相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his(不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词they, them, their Everyone knows this, doesn’t he/don’t they 人人都知道这一点, 对吗
If anybody/anyone comes, ask him to wait. 要是有人来, 让他等着。
指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语, 谓语动词只能用单数, 相应的人称代词也只能用it, 而不用they Everything is ready, isn’t it？ 一切都准备好了, 是吗？
不定代词 anyone, everyone 等只能指人, 不能指物, 且其后一般不接of 短语, 若是指物或后接 of 短语, 可用 any one, every one any one of the boys 男孩子们当中的任何一个
二、介词
1. 定义：介词表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系, 在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词(如果是人称代词,则要用宾格)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语, 表示与其他成分的关系。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组, 在句中作状语、表语、补语、定语或介词宾语。
同时介词的用法也很灵活, 同一个介词可以表达多种意义。介词可以分为时间介词、方位介词和方式介词等。
类别 用法 举例
at 用于具体的时刻 at seven o’clock
at half past two
2.表示时间的介词
(1)at, on, in
on 主要用于具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上, 还用于具有某种特征的一个上午、下午或晚上 on Monday; on Teachers’ Day; on 8th August, 2019; on Monday morning/on the morning of Monday; on a winter afternoon
in 用于世纪、年、季节、月 in the 21st century; in 2010; in spring; in January
类别 举例
by:在……之前；不迟于…… I must be at school by eight tomorrow morning. 我明天早晨八点前必须到校。
in:在……以后；在……时间内 He will be back in ten minutes. 他十分钟之后将会回来。
for:历时……之久；持续…… He has been a teacher for nine years. 他当老师已经九年了。
(2)五个表示延续时间的介词
since:自从……以来；自……以后 I have lived here since ten years ago. 我已经在这儿住了十年了。
until:直到……才, 用于否定句中, 其前的谓语动词多为非延续性动词；用于肯定句中, 其前的谓语动词要用延续性动词 We don’t see any flowers until May. 直到五月我们才看到一些花。
You must stand here until the sun sets. 你必须站在这里直到太阳落山为止。
3.表方位、方式、运动方向的介词
(1)表示方位的介词
类别 要点
in, on, to in, on, to的后面均可加the再接方位名词(east, south, west, north等)。
用in表示“范围A在范围B之内”；
用on表示“两个范围接壤并且相邻”；
用to则表示“范围A在范围B的区域之外即相邻不接壤”(如中国和日本)
其他表示方位的常用介词 over:在……(垂直)的正上方
above:在……(不一定垂直)的上方
under:在……(垂直的)正下方
below:在……(不一定垂直)的下方
near:在……附近
next to:紧挨着
round/around:在……周围
by:在……旁边
(2)表示方式的介词
类别 举例
by＋不带限定词的单数交通工具名词, 意为“乘坐……” 海：by ship/boat/sea
陆：by bus/car/train/bike/taxi
空：by air/plane/spaceship
on/in＋限定词＋交通工具, 意为“乘坐……” He goes to work on his bike/in his car. 他骑自行车/开车去上班。
on foot为固定短语, 意为“步行” She goes to school on foot.
＝ She walks to school. 她步行上学。
(3)表示运动方向的介词
类别 举例
across：从……表面穿过, 通常表示由平面的一端到另一端(如马路、河流、桥梁等) Please be careful when you go across the road. 过马路时请小心。
through：从……内部穿过, 即穿过一个空间(如洞、窗户、森林等) Look! The mosquito is trying to fly through the window. 看！蚊子正试图飞出窗户。
past和by：从旁边经过或路过 We often go past/by a bakery on our way to school. 上学路上我们经常路过一个面包店。
along和down:沿着 Walk along/down the street till the end.沿着街道直走到尽头。
类别 用法 举例
with 表示“和；同；与……；带着；随着” with my brother 跟我哥哥一起
with pleasure十分乐意
with best wishes致以美好的祝愿
speak with your mouth full 满嘴东西说话
a girl with sunglasses戴墨镜的女孩
4.其他重要的介词
with 表示“有着；具有” coffee with sugar and milk 加糖和牛奶的咖啡
a man with good manners一个很有礼貌的男士
表示“用；被；以” cut with a knife 用刀切
in 表示“穿；戴”, 后接衣服、颜色或鞋帽 He is in blue. 他穿着蓝色的衣服。
I know the man in a hat. 我认识那个戴帽子的男人。
表示“用”, 后接语言或材料, 表示手段或方法等 How do you say that in English？那个用英语怎么说？
She wrote the letter in pencil. 她用铅笔写了这封信。
in 表示境况、情绪、状态等 in trouble陷入困境
in danger处于危险中
in surprise惊讶地
in good health身体健康
表示“关于……；在……方面” I’m weak in maths. 我的数学不好。
against与for against表示“反对；违反；不利于”。 其反义词为for, 此时for表示“支持；赞成” We are all against his idea. 我们都反对他的想法。
Are you for or against the plan？你是支持还是反对这个计划？
except与besides except表示“除……外”, 具有排他性质 We all went to see the film except Mr Wang. 除了王先生, 我们都去看电影了。(王先生没去)
besides表示“除了……以外,还有……”, 具有附加性质 Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film. 除了王先生, 我们也去看电影了。(王先生也去了)
课堂小测
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. We saw a large ______ （of ants in a hole under a mango tree beside a big pond.
2.I’d rather decorate(装饰) my bedroom with light colour ______ of dark ones.
3. Jenny likes making friends and communicating with them. She has a full______ life.
number
instead
social
4. We have parties in our school, but only ______ a term.
5. We’ll soon have a_________meeting, and everyone’s nervous about it.
once
parents’
二、找出下列句子的错误，并在横线上进行更正
6. This actress has become a superstar because of she’s hard work and talent.
_________________________________________________
7. I found anybody in the room. Where have they gone
_________________________________________________
8. I?m sorry I took your card by mistake, but where is my
_________________________________________________
she’s改为her
anybody改为nobody
my改为mine
9.We’ll have a sports meeting for one month.
_________________________________________________
10. The Dragon Boat Festival falls between May or June every year.
_________________________________________________
for改为in
between改为in
三、单项填空（语法专练）
（　　　）11. I don’t like_____ watch. I like _____ .
A. me; your B. my; your
C. me; yours D. my; yours
（　　　）12. —I’d like a ticket to The Sound of Music.
—Sorry, there is____ left.
A. some B. none C. any D. neither
D
B
（　　）13. The weather in London is different from_____ in Tianshui.
A. that B. one C. it D. those
（　　）14. —When is his concert
—It’s _____three o’clock _____ the afternoon of 18th December.
A. at; in B. at; on C. on; in D. in; on
A
B
（　　　）15. —Do you like those singers, Mike
—Yes. They are very _____ boys and girls.
A. proud of B. popular with
C. strict with D. worried about
B
四、语法选择
Mo was waiting outside her classroom. She __16__ sick. She always felt sick in the exam week. She had two exams that day. Physics was the first and she hated physics. It was her __17__ subject. But this was the last day of the exams! Tina looked back at her from the front of the line, and then looked away __18__. Mo thought she looked guilty. She was good at physics. She didn’t have a problem with __19__.
　　
　　“Hi, Mo! It’s __20__ least favourite exam today,” Nina said as she arrived. Tina looked back again. “What’s wrong with her？” said Nina. “I thought you were friends.” “Yes, so did I, ”said Mo. “But she__ 21__ to me for two weeks. She promised to help me__ 22__ for the physics exam, but she didn’t answer my calls or messages.
And when I rang her house, her mum told me that she was busy. She doesn’t remember __23__ her friends are！”said Mo angrily.__24__ that time the other students were going into the exam room. Mo gave Nina a worried look and followed them. Mo couldn’t answer __25__ question because it was too difficult. She was going to fail again！
( )16. A. feels B. is feeling
C. has felt D. was feeling
( )17. A. bad B. badly
C. worse D. worst
( )18. A. quickly B. quick
C. quicker D. more quickly
( )19. A. something B. everything
C. nothing D. anything
( )20. A. yours B. you
C. yourself D. your
D
D
A
D
D
( )21. A. doesn’t speak B. hasn’t spoken
C. didn’t speak D. wouldn’t speak
( )22. A. prepare B. preparing
C. prepares D. prepared
( )23. A. how B. which
C. whom D. where
( )24. A. In B. At
C. By D. From
( )25. A. a fifth B. fifth
C. the fifth D. five
D
A
A
B
A
课后作业