2021-2022学年高中英语初高衔接语法专项：定语从句专项训练（word版无答案）

定语从句
在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。先行词通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose;关系副词有：when,where,why。
先行词为物:
I love the movies that/which are funny.
I'll never forget the days which/that we spent together.
先行词为人:
He is the man that/who helped us a lot after the earthquake.
Mr. Wang is the man whom/that you met in the zoo this morning.
先行词为时间:
I remember the day when we met for the first time.
先行词为地点:
This is the town where President Xi Jinping was born.
先行词为原因:
I want to know the reason why you didn't come to school this morning.
【专项训练】
考点1 关系代词的使用
1. The book _________ you lent me yesterday is interesting.
2. I have a sister_________ is a doctor.
3. He is the only doctor ___________ I can turn to for help.
4. He bought the dress _________ was on sale.
5. Habits_____________ are formed at an early age are hard to change.
1. Can you lend me the dictionary ______you bought the other day？
2. From practice we can learn much _______ cannot be learned from books.
3. The boy_______ schoolbag had been left at school was scolded by his dad.
4. We have found such materials _________ are used in their factory.
Ⅱ.将下列句子改为含有定语从句的复合句。
1. The man is making a speech. The man is my father.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Have you seen the film Titanic Its leading actor is very famous.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. The building stands near the train station. The building is a supermarket.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. We should help the old people. The old people are in a nursing home.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
I saw a film yesterday. The film was educational.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
考点2 关系副词的使用
1.I always remember the days ________ I was taken good care of in the hospital.
2.The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away there was a garage.
3. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town________ he grew up as a child.
4. After graduation she reached a point in her career _________ she had to decide what to do.
考点3 “介词＋关系代词”的使用
1. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, most of _______ are beyond our control.
2. The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of _______ were made of small diamonds.
3. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of ______ wanted to buy it.
4. It is reported that two schools, both of ______ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.
考点4 which和as引导的定语从句
1. After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，______ turned out to be a wise decision.
2. is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.
3. The air quality in the city，______ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
III句子翻译。
1.另一个我觉得很难的就是英语语法。______________________________________________________________
2.我永远也不会忘了我们一起在农场工作的日子。_____________________________________________________
3.你能告诉我车子出故障的原因吗？_________________________________________________________________
4.我去过印第安人居住的地方。______________________________________________________________________
5.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩来自英国。______________________________________________________
会考模拟：
3. I'll never forget the day______ the great scientist came to our school and gave us a speech.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
8. The girl______ is standing under the tree is my little sister.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
10.-Who is your new head teacher this semester -The woman_____ is wearing a red skirt.
A. whom B. who C. whose D. which
10. People from different places come to visit Guilin, _____ is famous for its beautiful mountains and rivers.
A. what B. which C. who D. that
21.- Where was it that you first met Mr Wang
It was in the office_______ my father worked three years ago.
A. where B.which C.that D. when
26. The boy bought a new dictionary ______ he could turn for help.
A. which B. into which C. from which D. to which
【储备知识点，快速补短板】
一、关系代词that与which的2大用法解析
1.只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况
(1)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only，the very，the last等修饰时，用that不用which。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
(2)先行词是不定代词all，little，few，much，something，anything，everything，none，nothing，some等或者先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much等修饰时，用that不用which。
Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said
李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
All the guests that were invited to her wedding were important people.
所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。
(3)先行词既有人又有物，兼顾两者，用that不用which。
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.
他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。
(4)主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，用that不用which。
Who is the man that is standing by the gate 站在门口的那个人是谁？
Which is the T shirt that fits me most 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？
2、只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况
(1)关系代词前有介词时，用which不用that。
The chair on which she sat is made of wood. 她坐的那把椅子是用木头做的。
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时，用which不用that。
注意：which可以指代整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语，
Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.
足球，一项非常有趣的运动，在全世界流行。
(3)先行词后面有插入语时，用which不用that。
Here is the English grammar book which，as I've told you，will help you improve your English.
这就是我告诉过你的那本英语语法书，它能帮你提高英语水平。
二、as与which引导定语从句的区别
1、用法搭配不同：用在the same...as，such...as，as...as，so...as结构中，as可以作主语、宾语或表语，可以用来代替先行词是表示人或物的名词。
2、位置不同：as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。
3、意义不同：as意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意为“这一点”。
The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
正如报告中所表明的，城市空气质量在过去两个月里已经得到改善。
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句要注意的3种情况
1、介词的选择
介词的选择通常依据定语从句中动词短语的习惯搭配、介词与先行词的搭配或句子的意义来确定。
In the dark street，there wasn't a single person，to whom she could turn for help.
在黑暗的街道上，她没有一个可以求助的人。(根据turn to的短语搭配确定)
I still remember the day on which we met for the first time.
我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那一天。（在某一天，介词用on）
注意：有些含有介词的固定动词短语不可拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。如：look after，pay attention to，take care of等。
2、关系代词的选择
介词后作宾语的关系代词一般来讲有两个：指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which。当然关系代词作定语时也可用whose。
He is the man from whose house the picture was stolen. 他就是那个家里的画被偷的人。
3、“复合介词短语＋关系代词”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.
他住在一个大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。
【达标检测】
一、单句语法填空
1．After living in Australia for many years，Louise finally returned to the country she was born.
2．Another saying which has come from the fable is “God helps those help themselves.”
3．His interest started a few years ago， he was in college and studying wildlife science.
4．There are many good websites you can check out the latest in the science world.
5．Until now，we have raised 3,000 pounds for the poor children， is quite unexpected.
6．We are looking forward to the day our team can beat the other team in the final match.
7．A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
8．The old professor， children are studying abroad，is leading an active life.
9．The hard working girl was admitted to a key university， we had expected.
10．The old scientist， was born in Shandong，has made a great achievement in his field.
二、单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．It’s a black square suitcase，what is just as big as a school bag.
2．Mary came to China with her parents，whom taught English in a university.
3．A blog will be opened on the website of our school，that aims to help students to communicate better.
4．I have an American friend，Marianne，she lives alone but has a pet dog，Sparky.
5．Altogether I had five roommates，two of which arrived later.
6．First，the place where we’ve decided to visit—the Forest Park is not far away from the city.
7．People’s health is harmed once they take in these gases，what may cause a series of diseases.
8．The day before yesterday，I went to the largest bookstore where is near our school to buy a book.
9．The products are provided for our school canteen，which we can enjoy a healthy diet.
10．That is often the case，Sally looked in her diary，and said we could get together for lunch.
三、语篇填空
Yangshuo，China
It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours before，I’d been at home in Hong Kong,1. I breathed with its choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin,2. is a dream place for tourists 3. seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4. are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those 5. fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.
Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers 6. was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 7. are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families
8. are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent,9. is a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 10. live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
技法总结 在语法填空中 解答定语从句类题目，首先要找准先行词，分析句子结构以确定从句所缺的成分，如果缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，引导词需要用关系代词；如果缺少状语，引导词则用关系副词。确定所缺成分之后，再看先行词是人还是物，是表示时间的名词还是表示地点的名词等，从而最终确定答案。 在短文改错中 1．首先要判断该句是否为定语从句，然后再根据先行词的性质，判断关系词的使用是否正确，并予以改正。 2．确定句子的先行词，分析引导词在从句中充当什么成分，作主语、宾语、表语用关系代词which/that/who/whom/as, 作定语用whose，作状语用when/where/why；作介词宾语用关系代词which/whom。注意：that不用于非限制性定语从句。
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