2023届高考英语二轮复习语法能力专练：名词（含解析）

2023届高考英语二轮复习语法能力专练：名词
一、单句改错
1.I took the Harvard Summer School program in my vacation. During my stay there, I spent many time studying in the main library Widener.
2.They are of high intelligent and can communicate with people.
3.When it comes to preparation, you can watch some famous Peking Opera videos on the Internet or read some materials, which will definitely be of great beneficial to you.
4.Without any hesitation, my grandma rushed to help the man rise to his foot. The man was very grateful and said he didn't get injured.
5.Although America leads in medical technology, citizens access to quality health care is ranked No.97.
6.There will be fewer people and we can appreciate the beauty of natures.
7.However, when we reached the top, we were shocked to see litter here and there, such as bottle and cigarette ends.
8.It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great value. And I promised with proud to spread our culture to people all over the world.
9.Last Friday, a class meeting was held as scheduled. Some parents were invited, including my father and mother. We shared our thoughts during the activities.
10.Knowing that the Students' Union is looking for volunteers, I am writing to make an apply.
11.Yesterday we went to a nearby villages, which sits in a valley, to help the farmers get the crops in.
12.A good many foreign leader have climbed it when coming to China.
13.Some of my classmates helped me review many Chinese characters that aren't commonly used today, while others reminded me about unfamiliar one whenever they were free.
14.Having listened to many social workers introduction, I found this activity quite interesting and decided to take part.
15.Last Monday, it hit me that my beloved grandmother birthday was around the corner.
二、语法填空
16. Like many other students, you may have various people, ①________(include) family members and friends, giving input on your college decision.
While many of your trusted relatives and peers (同龄人) may have very ②________ (value) advice that can help you to make the decision, finally the choice is yours and yours alone. Only you can fully realize which aspects of a college will make you truly happy and ③________ (satisfy), so keep that at the front of your mind.
Moreover, fully consider each option. It can be easy ④________ (let) a particular school become a front-runner early on ⑤________ your decision-making process, and it may even become the winning choice — but be sure to carefully evaluate every school ⑥________ has accepted you, since you had particular reasons for applying to each school.
Do keep ⑦________ open mind. Students can change majors, but remember that there's no reliving a certain semester(学期), and there's no making up for lost time. Don't go to a school ⑧________ (specific) for a high school relationship ⑨________ to make someone else happy. A ⑩________ (student) college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or her education first.
17.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house，it was raining①______hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take②______ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack③______dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters④______had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ⑤______ (recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ⑥______ (compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many⑦______ (tradition)stories about Hawaii that were⑧ ______ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we⑨______ (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，⑩______ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
18. The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ①________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ②________ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000 -25 ,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods ③________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ④________ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ⑤________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ⑥________ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ⑦________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are ⑧________ (high) than they actually are. Of ⑨________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ⑩________ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
答案以及解析
1.答案：many→much
解析：此处修饰不可数名词time, 应用much; many用于修饰可数名词复数。故将many改为much。
2.答案：intelligent→intelligence
解析：句意为: 它们有高智商, 可以与人交流。根据句意和形容词high可知其后须接名词。此处为"of+(形容词+)抽象名词"作表语。故将intelligent改为intelligence。
3.答案：beneficial→benefit
解析：be of great benefit为固定短语, 意为"......是非常有益的"。故将beneficial改为benefit。
4.答案：foot→feet
解析：句意为: 我奶奶毫不犹豫地冲过去帮助那个人站起来。这名男子非常感激, 并说他没有受伤。foot为可数名词, 其复数形式为feet。rise to one's feet意为"站起来", 为固定短语。故将foot改为feet。
5.答案：citizens→citizens'
解析：句意为: 美国尽管在医疗技术方面领先, 但其公民获得高质量医疗保健的排名却排到了第97位。根据句意可知, 此处表示"公民的......", 应用名词所有格来表示所属关系, 故将citizens改为citizens'。
6.答案：natures→nature
解析：nature在此处意为"大自然; 自然界", 为不可数名词, 无复数形式。故将natures改为nature。
7.答案：bottle→bottles
解析：bottle为可数名词, 此处前面无限定词修饰, 且根据and后的cigarette ends可知, 此处应用复数形式。故将bottle改为bottles。
8.答案：proud→pride
解析：此处作介词with的宾语, 应用名词形式; with pride意为"骄傲地; 自豪地"。故将proud改为pride。
9.答案：activities→activity
解析：句意为: 上周五, 一次班会如期举行。很多家长受到邀请, 包括我的父母。我们在这次活动中分享了我们的想法。根据句意可知, 此处指代上文的a class meeting, 应用单数形式。故将activities改为activity。
10.答案：apply→application
解析：根据前面的不定冠词an可知, 此处应用名词单数形式。故将apply改为application。
11.答案：villages→village
解析：village为可数名词, 其前有a修饰, 其后的从句中用了sits, 故应用单数形式。故将villages改为village。
12.答案：leader→leaders
解析：a good many意为"许多", 修饰可数名词复数。leader为可数名词, 此处应该用复数形式。故将leader改为leaders。
13.答案：one→ones
解析：根据句意可知, 此处代词指代的是Chinese characters, 为复数含义, 应用ones指代, 故将one改为ones。
14.答案：workers→workers'
解析：句意为: 听了很多社工们的介绍后, 我觉得这个活动很有趣, 并决定参加。由句意可知, workers与introduction之间是所属关系, 因此workers应该用所有格形式, 故将workers改为workers'。
15.答案：grandmother→grandmother's
解析：句意为: 上周一, 我突然想到我敬爱的祖母的生日就要到了。根据句意可知, 此处表示"祖母的生日", 所以应用名词所有格, 故将grandmother改为grandmother's。
16.答案：including; valuable; satisfied; to let; in/during; that; an; specifically; or; student's
解析： 本文主要介绍了如何选择自己心仪的大学。
①考查介词。由语境可知,空处表示"包括……在内",应填介词including。
②考查形容词。空处修饰advice,应用形容词,由语境可知此处应填valuable,表示"宝贵的"。
③考查形容词。此处考查"make +宾语+宾补"结构,因宾语是you,应用形容词satisfied和happy并列。
④考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,此处考查句型"It + be + adj.+to do sth.",其中It是形式主语,不定式作真正的主语,故填to let。
⑤考查介词。根据语境可知,此处表示"在你的决策过程中",因此要用in/during。
⑥考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,指代先行词school,并在从句中作主语,因先行词被every修饰,所以用关系代词that。
⑦考查冠词。keep an open mind"保持开放的心态",故填an。
⑧考查副词。空处表示"特意,专门地",故填specifically。
⑨考查连词。此处表示选择,意为"或者",故填or。
⑩考查名词所有格。空处修饰college experience,因此要用所有格形式student's,意为"一个学生的大学经历"。
17.答案：①so；② to get；③ of；④who；⑤ recommended；⑥ competition；⑦traditional；⑧ hugely；⑨were invited；⑩ listening
解析：①考查副词。句意:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。"so…that…"意为"如此…以至于…",引导结果状语从句。故填so。
②考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子,wondering后的句子不缺谓语,此处应填非谓语动词,故填to get。
③考查介词。"a pack of意为"一群"。故填of。
④考查定语从句。句意:它们被他们的主人训练地很好,它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters(主人),且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
⑤考查一般过去时。句意:我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。"and"前后两个动作"shared"与"recommended"是并列关系,时态一致。故填recommeded。
⑥考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。
⑦考查形容词。空格修饰名词stories,应用形容词形式, tradition的形容词为traditional,故填traditional。
⑧考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词popular,应用副词形式,huge的副词为hugely,故填hugely。
⑨考查一般过去时的被动语态。由"on the last day of our week-long stay"可知,句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意:我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会,所以用被动语态。主语为we,故填were invited。
⑩考查分词。本句谓语动词为"were invited",所以空格⑩处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的,所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题,and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式,故空格处填listening。
18.答案：that; poorly; of/for; to perform; have reported; belief; noting; higher; the; are
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极熊种群数量越来越少、亟须保护的现状。
①考查同位语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,所填词引导同位语从句,解释说明evidence的具体内容,从句中不缺少成分且意义完整,故用that引导。
②考查词性转换。修饰动词studied应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。
③考查介词。a method of/for doing sth.做某事的方法。
④考查非谓语动词。此处是“主语+be+adj.+不定式”结构,不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
⑤考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语"In recent years"可判断用现在完成时,又因主语为复数,故填have reported。
⑥考查词性转换。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知,此处应填believe的名词形式belief(看法,信念)。
⑦考查非谓语动词。介词后接动词时,应用其动名词形式。respond by doing sth.通过做某事回应。
⑧考查形容词的比较级。根据空格后的than可知,此处应用high的比较级形式higher。
⑨考查冠词。此处特指确认的19个亚种群,故用定冠词the。
⑩考查时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时;six指代"six polar bear subpopulations",谓语动词应用复数。