2023届高考英语二轮复习语法能力专练：主谓一致（含解析）

2023届高考英语二轮复习语法能力专练：主谓一致
一、单句改错
1.Getting to the park, we saw many people there who was walking, chatting, singing and dancing.
2.She believes those small acts of kindness makes her full of love and power, which allows her to stay optimistic.
3.There were also some handcrafts, which was so creative.
4.Tom as well as his friends were to blame for the fault.
5.Large quantities of money is spent on advertisements every year.
6.As is known to all, 70% of the air you breathe in every day are nitrogen(氮气).
7.When the new road is open to the traffic have not been made clear.
8.The Mid-Autumn Day is a traditional festival of China, which remind families to get together.
9.Neither his parents nor he know anything about it now.
10.Everybody were asking when they could see Freddy and his band again.
11.Either you or the headmaster are to hand out the prizes to those gifted students.
12.More that one girl have such a skirt in our class.
13.There is a lot of people on the street.
14.The number of the students in our school are more than 2,000.
15.Climbing hills in Beishan are his favourite way to keep fit.
二、语法填空
16. Locals jokingly call Munich "the village of a million people". Although it is Germany's third ①_______(large) city, Munich is sleepy and quiet for most of the year. However, once a year during Oktoberfest, it becomes the setting for a giant party, ②_______ (attract) visitors from all over the world.
Lasting 16 days and ending ③_______ the first Sunday in October, Oktoberfest started in 1810 as part of a festival to celebrate the ④_______ (marry) of Prince Ludwig. Though the dance and horse races were not repeated, locals liked the beer and food so much that they turned the festival into ⑤_______ tradition.
During the festival, people ⑥_______ (gather) in the beer hall or huge tent taste beer from every part of Germany. Over six million litres of beer ⑦_______ (drink)—enough to fill up 16 swimming pools! Don't forget to try some tasty white sausages, potato soup and ham, or whole roasted chicken, when you are enjoying your drink.
While you are there, check out some of Munich's ⑧_______ (amaze) sights. Marienplatz, which ⑨_______ (date) from 1158, is the city's main square and is where you will find the city's most beautiful buildings. And be sure to visit Munich's parks, ⑩_______ are some of Europe's best.
17.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
A small village in Yunnan Province is ①_____ (wide)known as the Dai paper factory. There are nets for ②_____ (dry)paper all over the village and inside villagers' houses. Dai paper ③_____ (make)for over 800 years there up to now.
One of the best papermakers is Yan, who was already interested in Dai paper at an early age. Taught ④_____ his grandparents to be a papermaker at 16, Yan was quickly able to complete ⑤_____ production independently.
Unlike ordinary papermaking where trees need to be cut down, Dai paper is environmentally friendly. This is ⑥_____ its raw material is the recyclable bark of a kind of trees unique to the area. Dai paper' production process is still used today. In a workshop, Yan demonstrated 11 different papermaking ⑦_____ (process)to us.
Although Dai paper carries the culture and ⑧_____ (believe)of the Dai people, the crafting of it is faced with great challenges. ⑨_____ (address)the problems, Yan improved Dai's papermaking technology, thus saving production time and reducing labor costs. And then he ⑩_____ (start)teaching the villagers his new papermaking process for free.
18.“That is a sleeping dragon.” Napoleon, ①_____ was the future French emperor, once said. “Let him sleep! If he wakes, he will shake the world.” In 1803, he recognized China’s potential. In charge ②_____the greatest military and economic power of his day, Napoleon had an eye for opponents. Now, China’s total domestic product passed ③_____ of both Britain and France. If Napoleon arrived in Beijing today, he would ④_____ (undoubted) say, “I told you so.”
Nowhere is China’s influence more apparent than Beijing. As China’s ⑤_____ (politics) and cultural center of China, Beijing offers a quick look into the nation’s expansive history and its rapid ⑥_____ (develop). You’ll find preserved palaces spreading elbows with new subway stations and peaceful lamaseries(藏传佛教寺院) ⑦_____ (share) space with world-class stadiums. Many of the city’s historical sites, such as the Forbidden City and Tiananmen Square, ⑧_____ (be) well-known to the world. Yet, the most popular attraction ⑨_____ (locate) outside Beijing: The Great Wall of China winds through the hills north of the city. When you witness this ⑩_____ (astonish) accomplishment of ancient China, you too will sense the great potential of this modern country.
答案以及解析
1.答案：was→were
解析：分析句子结构可知, 此处who引导的是定语从句, 先行词为many people, 是复数形式, 因此从句谓语动词也应用复数形式。故将was改为were。
2.答案：makes→make
解析：分析句子结构可知, believes后为宾语从句, 从句的主语为those small acts of kindness, 是复数形式, 因此从句的谓语动词也应用复数形式, 故将makes改为make。
3.答案：was→were
解析：此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句, 先行词为some handcrafts, 为复数概念, 关系词在从句中作主语, 故定语从句中的谓语动词应用复数形式, 故将was改为were。
4.答案：Tom as well as his friends to blame for the fault.
解析：考查主谓一致。句意：汤姆和他的朋友们都要为这个错误负责。主语后接介词短语as well as不影响主语的人称和数，谓语动词应根据主语的人称和数来确定，即与Tom保持一致，用单数。故were改为was。
5.答案：Large quantities of money spent on advertisements every year.
解析：考查主谓一致。句意：每年大量的钱花在广告上。quantities of+不可数名词/可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语用复数。故is改为are。
6.答案：As is known to all, 70% of the air you breathe in every day nitrogen(氮气).
解析： 本句中主语是70% of the air，air是不可数名词，谓语动词应与air一致，用第三人称单数形式，be动词用is。故答案为：are改为is。
7.答案：When the new road is open to the traffic not been made clear.
解析： When引导的从句作主语时其后的谓语动词应用单数，故把have改为has。
8.答案：The Mid-Autumn Day is a traditional festival of China, which families to get together.
解析： 句意：中秋节是中国的传统节日，它提醒家人聚在一起。关系代词的先行词是前面整个句子，表示单数概念，且表示一般事实，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故：remind改为reminds.
9.答案：Neither his parents nor he anything about it now.
解析： neither...nor...意为"既不……也不……"，连接两个主语时，谓语动词采用就近原则；因主语he是单数形式，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故：know改为knows。
10.答案：were→was
解析：此处考查的是主谓一致, 主语为Everybody, 故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式, 再根据时态一致原则, 应改为was。
11.答案：Either you or the headmaster to hand out the prizes to those gifted students.
解析：考查主谓一致和时态。Either…or连接并列主语时,谓语动词用就近原则,headmaster是单数,所以系动词用is
12.答案：More that one girl such a skirt in our class.
解析：考查主谓一致。句意：我们班不止一个女孩有这样的裙子。“more than one+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故have改为has
13.答案：There a lot of people on the street.
解析： a lot of people是复数.所以is变成are.
14.答案：The number of the students in our school more than 2,000.
解析：句意：我们学校的学生人数超过了2000人。表示……的数量，是 the number of后跟单数，所以are需改为is。
15.答案：Climbing hills in Beishan his favourite way to keep fit.
解析： 考查主谓一致。句意：在北山爬山是他最喜欢的健身方式，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故将are改为is。
16.答案：1. largest2. attracting3. on4. marriage5. a6. gathering7. are drunk8. amazing9. dates10. which
解析：
(1)largest.考查形容词最高级。句意:虽然它是德国第三大城市,但在一年中的大部分时间里,慕尼黑都是宁静而安定的。根据句意表示"第三大"应用large的最高级形式largest。故填largest.
(2)attracting.考查现在分词。句意:然而,每年的慕尼黑啤酒节期间,这里都会举办大型派对,吸引着来自世界各地的游客。分析句子结构可知at tract应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语a giant party构成主动关系,故应用现在分词作状语。故填attracting.
(3)on.考查介词。句意:啤酒节持续16天,在10月的第一个星期天结束。啤酒节始于1810年,是庆祝路德维希王子结婚的一部分。根据后文"the first Sunday"表示在具体的某一天,应用介词on。故填on.
(4)marriage.考查名词。句意:啤酒节持续16天,在10月的第一个星期天结束。啤酒节始于1810年,是庆祝路德维希王子结婚的一部分。空处作宾语,表示"结婚"应填名词marriage,此处表示单数概念。故填marriage.
(5)a.考查冠词。句意:虽然没有舞蹈和赛马,但当地人非常喜欢啤酒和食物,他们把这个节日变成了一个传统。tradition为可数名词,此处表泛指应用不定冠词,且tradition是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用a。故填a.
(6)gathering.考查现在分词。句意:节日期间,人们聚集在啤酒厅或巨大的帐篷里品尝来自德国各地的啤酒。gather和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语,故填gathering.
(7)are drunk.考查时态语态。句意:超过600万升的啤酒被喝了一一足以填满16个游泳池!drink和句子主语之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,描述现状,所以用一般现在时态,主语为复数名词,故填are drunk.
(8)amazimg.考查形容词。句意:当你在那里的时候,看看慕尼黑的一些令人惊叹的景色。作定语修饰名词,所以用形容词,表示"令人吃惊的",故填amazing.
(9)dates.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:玛丽恩普拉茨,建于1158年,是城市的主要广场,你将在那里找到城市最美丽的建筑。描述现状,所以用一般现在时态,故填dates.
(10)which.考查非限制性定语从句。句意:一定要参观慕尼黑的公园,那里是欧洲最好的公园。先行词为地点名词,在非限制性定语从句中作主语,故填which.
17.答案：①widely②drying③has been made④by⑤the⑥because⑦processes⑧belief(s)⑨To address⑩started
解析：①考查副词。句意：云南的一个小村庄被广泛称为傣族造纸厂。修饰动词用副词形式，注意wide和widely之间的区别：wide指的是具体的宽度，为空间宽度，没有感彩；而widely指的是抽象概念的广泛地，指的是范围上的宽广。此处表示范围广泛。故填widely。②考查非谓语动词。句意：村里到处都有晒纸的网，村民的房子里也有。介词之后用动词的v-ing形式，故填drying。③考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：傣族造纸至今已有800多年的历史。根据时间状语up to now可知，用现在完成时；主语为Dai paper与make.之间存在被动语态，所以用现在完成时的被动语态。主语是单数，所以用has。故填has been made。④考查介词。句意：16岁时，他的祖父母教他造纸术，他很快就能独立完成造纸术。分析结构可知，空处为介词，表示“被、由”，所以用介词by。故填by。⑤考查冠词。句意：16岁时，他的祖父母教他造纸术，他很快就能独立完成造纸术。名词production为上文提到的造纸术的生产，为特指，所以用定冠词the。故填the。⑥考查连词。句意：这是因为它的原材料是一种该地区特有的可回收树皮。根据上文“Unlike ordinary papermaking where trees need to be cut down, Dai paper is environmentally friendly.(与需要砍伐树木的普通造纸不同， 傣族纸是环保的。)”以及空后“its raw material is the recyclable bark of a kind of trees unique to the area.(它的原材料是一种该地区特有的可回收树皮。)”可知，这是解释傣族纸与其他纸不同的原因。故填because。⑦考查名词的数。句意：在一个车间里，严向我们展示了11种不同的造纸工艺。根据11 different可知，后接可数名词的复数形式。故填processes。⑧考查名词。句意：傣族纸承载着傣族人民的文化和信仰，但其制作却面临着巨大的挑战。根据连词and可知，空处和名词culture为并列关系，所以用名词形式，名词belief为“信仰”之意，为可数名词，单复数皆可。故填belief(s)。⑨考查非谓语动词。句意：为了解决这个问题，严改进了傣族的造纸技术，从而节省了生产时间，降低了劳动力成本。句中用不定式担当目的状语，表示“为了……”。故填To address.⑩考查时态。句意：然后他开始免费向村民们传授他的造纸新工艺。根据then可知，和上文的时态是延续关系，所以用一般过去时。故填started。
18.答案：①who②of③that④undoubtedly⑤political⑥development⑦sharing⑧are⑨is located⑩astonishing
解析：①考查定语从句。句意:未来法国的皇帝拿破仑曾经说过,分析句子结构可知,此处考查定语从句;从句缺少主语,先行词是Napoleon,所以用指代人的关系代词;从句是非限制性定语从句。故填who。
②考查介词。句意:由于掌握着当时最强大的军事和经济力量,拿破仑对对手有着敏锐的眼力。根据句意及空格前in charge,可知此处考查短语in charge of(负责)。故填of.
③考查代词,句意:现在,中国的国内生产总值超过了英国和法国,根据句意及句子结构,可知此处填代词,指代前面的名词China's total domestic product,表示中国和英法之间的生产总值的比较,所以用可以指代同类异物的代词that。故填that。
④考查副词。句意:如果拿破仑今天来到北京,他肯定会说“我早告诉过你了。“根据句意及句子结构,可知此处要填副词用来修饰动词say。故填undoubtedly.
⑤考查形容词。句意:作为中国的政治和文化中心,北京可以让人们快速了解这个国家广阔的历史和快速的发展。根据空格后并列连词及形容词cultural,可知此处填形容词修饰后面的名词center。故填political。
⑥考查名词。句意:作为中国的政治和文化中心,北京可以让人们快速了解这个国家广阔的历史和快速的发展。根据空格前its和形容词rapid,可知空格处填名词。故填development。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意:你会发现保存完好的宫殿遍布着新的地铁站,宁静的喇嘛庙与世界级的体育场共享空间。分析句子结构可知,此处要填非谓语动词,在句中做定语修饰前面的名词lamaseries,其余所填词之间是主动关系。故填sharing。
⑧考查主谓一致。句意:这个城市的许多历史古迹,如紫禁城和天安门广场,都是世界闻名的。分析句子结构可知,此处要填谓语动词,主语是Many of the city's historical sites(城市里的许多历史遗迹),故填are。
⑨考查时态和语态。句意:然而,最受欢迎的景点位于北京以外:中国的长城蜿蜒穿过北京北部的群山。分析句子结构可知,此处要填谓语动词;根据句意,可知此处考查动词短语be located(坐落);句子主语是the most popular attraction,所以用三单式。故填is located。
⑩考查形容词。句意:当你们目睹中国古代的惊人成就时,你们也会感受到这个现代国家的巨大潜力。根据句意及分析句子结构,可知此处要填形容词,修饰后面的名词accomplishment of ancient China。故填astonishing。