人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit4 Sharing-Grammar Review of phrases语法课件（24张PPT）
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(共24张PPT)
Unit 4 Grammar—Review of phrases
Learning objectives
Review how to use phrases
Learn to distinguish phrases and use them flexibly
Learn to use phrases correctly in daily lives
Look at the following phrases and recognize their types.
Noun phrase(NP)
名词短语
Verb phrase(VP) 动词短语
Adverbial phrase(AdvP) 副词短语
Adjective phrase(AdjP) 形容词短语
Prepositional phrase(PreP) 介词短语
①clothes shop
②developed countries
③the first students to get to school
④the more, the better
⑤from behind
⑥in favor of
⑦give up
⑧find a seat to sit on
NP
NP
NP
AdjP
PreP
PreP
VP
VP
一、 名词短语 (noun phrase,简称NP)
(1)名词短语的定义:
名词短语至少是两个词,名词与它的修饰语一起构成名词短语。
(2)名词短语中的修饰语:一般来说,名词前面有两种修饰语。
其一是限定词,用来限定名词所指的范围,对名词起泛指或特指、定量或不定量等的限定修饰作用。
其二是形容词,用来表示名词的性质和特征。比如yellow、big等。
(3)名词短语的功能用法:
名词短语可以作主语、宾语或表语。
名词短语中的限定词
在名词短语的“构成”中, 限定词包括冠词(a/an/the)、指示代词(this、that、these、those等)、物主代词(my、your、his、her、our、their等)和不定代词(some、no、neither、both等)。
形容词作定语
a useful book
a shoe store
前置定语
名词作定语
V-ing 和V-ed作定语
boiling water
boiled water
介词短语作定语
the pictures on the wall
the boy walking over there
后置定语
分词短语作定语
定语从句作定语
the lessons given by Ms. Li
a sight to behold
the factory we visited
Underline the noun phrase in the following sentence, then mark their functions.
①These red roses are for you. ( )
②I have three close friends. ( )
③He is my best friend. ( )
④There are some red roses on that small table.( )
S
O
P
P/O
Tip
英文中的介词不能单独使用,其后必须接宾语,所接的宾语往往是名词短语,也可以是单个的名词。
e.g. the bird in the tree 树上的那只鸟
the development of China 中国的发展
二、动词短语 (verb phrases,简称VP)
①在英语中动词短语按其在句子中的功能可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词短语。
②谓语动词是由时态、人称和数来决定动词形式,是表示动作或状态的,它又可分为:实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词四种。
非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。
动词短语
1. 含be等连系动词(be/feel/look…+adj./v-ed+介词)
be open to 对......开放
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be used to 习惯于……
2. 动词+v-ing/to do/普通名词
enjoy doing sth 喜欢做…
finish doing sth 完成做…
want to do sth 想要做…
drink wine 喝酒
3. 动词+介词
look at 看着 listen to 听
stick to 坚持 give up 放弃
break down 分解，发生故障，失败
come out 出版，暴露，结果是，出现
高考领航P65
1．At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he gave ______ as she was so confident about her skills.
2．Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls ______ a clear road map and timetable.
3．Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle ________, get married, and have kids.
4．Working with the medical team in Africa has brought _______ the best in her as a doctor.
5．When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt cut ______from the world.
in
for
down
out
off
6. I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always too busy to carry ______ a conversation with her.
7. I'm going to take advantage ______ this tour to explore the history of the castle.
8. Many businesses started up by college students have taken ______ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
9. Traditional Chinese paintings appeal very much _______ me.
10．Body language can give ________ a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
in
of
off
to
away
三、形容词短语 (adjective phrases,简称AdjP)
定义:形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词与其修饰语构成的短语。
Your room is large and beautiful.
两个或多个形容词可以由 、 等并列连词连接,构成形容词短语。
and
but
He is cute but a little silly.
可以由 、 等程度副词作修饰语,与形容词构成形容词短语。
What he said is really confusing.
really
very
He is good at cooking.
形容词短语也可以由“形容词+ 短语”构成。
介词
指出下列画线形容词短语所充当的成分。
①Anxious for a quick decision, our leader called for a vote. ( )
②She looks beautiful and smart. ( )
③You have a small but beautiful room. ( )
④We must make our country strong enough.（ ）
Ad
P
Attr
形容词短语常作三种成分,即 、 、 ,有时也作 。
OC
状语
表语
定语
宾补
四、 副词短语 (adverbial phrases,简称AdvP)
定义:副词短语是指由几个副词或副词与其修饰语构成的短语。
①两个或多个副词可以由 、 等并列连词连接,构成副词短语。
② 等程度副词作修饰语,可与其他副词构成副词短语。
③副词短语在句中当作副词用,可以修饰 、 或 。
and
but
very/extremely
动词
形容词
副词
四、 副词短语 (adverbial phrases,简称AdvP)
①I was so moved by his deeds that I couldn’t fall asleep into the night (deep).
②—What do you think she is doing right now
—She is (probable) doing nothing good.
—You expressed my thoughts (exact).
③ Equally (important), we should develop a good habit of living.
deeply
exactly
probably
deep
importantly
五、介词短语 (prepositional phrases,简称PreP)
定义:介词不能单独作成分,它必须和其后的宾语即名词、代词、动词-ing形式、从句等一起构成介词短语,才能作相关的句子成分。
eg:
The man in the room is Li Ming’s uncle.
His face was without expression.
He didn’t feel at ease.
I saw George at work.
介词短语作状语时最多,它在句可以中作 、 和 。
定语
表语
宾补
Attr
P
P
OC
amazing
Exercise
are looked
Sadly
giving
Working with elephants is one of the most popular volunteer activities in Thailand. And for good reason，these 1.______(amaze) creatures are huge, cute，and very intelligent. Often elephants 2.______ (look) on as gentle animals，but it's good to remember that this isn't always the case. 3.______ (sad)，many elephants have faced terrible treatment，beaten into 4.______ (give) performances or overworked at money hungry tourist attractions. A terribly treated elephant can become angry and kill people if it feels threatened.
protection
Exercise
a
to improve
that/which
All that being said，volunteering for elephant 5.______ (protect) can be a very rewarding experience. The important thing is to find the right opportunity. There are 6.______ number of elephant sanctuaries (动物保护区) and parks，especially in Thailand. There you can do meaningful work 7.______ (improve) the lives of elephants. The key is to do your research and watch out for places 8.______ promise you big money.
If the volunteer organization seems to be paying more attention 9.______ elephant rides and the elephants giving performances，be careful 10.______ it is probably not a place with the elephants' best interests in mind.
to
that
Goodbye!
Unit 4 Grammar—Review of phrases
Learning objectives
Review how to use phrases
Learn to distinguish phrases and use them flexibly
Learn to use phrases correctly in daily lives
Look at the following phrases and recognize their types.
Noun phrase(NP)
名词短语
Verb phrase(VP) 动词短语
Adverbial phrase(AdvP) 副词短语
Adjective phrase(AdjP) 形容词短语
Prepositional phrase(PreP) 介词短语
①clothes shop
②developed countries
③the first students to get to school
④the more, the better
⑤from behind
⑥in favor of
⑦give up
⑧find a seat to sit on
NP
NP
NP
AdjP
PreP
PreP
VP
VP
一、 名词短语 (noun phrase,简称NP)
(1)名词短语的定义:
名词短语至少是两个词,名词与它的修饰语一起构成名词短语。
(2)名词短语中的修饰语:一般来说,名词前面有两种修饰语。
其一是限定词,用来限定名词所指的范围,对名词起泛指或特指、定量或不定量等的限定修饰作用。
其二是形容词,用来表示名词的性质和特征。比如yellow、big等。
(3)名词短语的功能用法:
名词短语可以作主语、宾语或表语。
名词短语中的限定词
在名词短语的“构成”中, 限定词包括冠词(a/an/the)、指示代词(this、that、these、those等)、物主代词(my、your、his、her、our、their等)和不定代词(some、no、neither、both等)。
形容词作定语
a useful book
a shoe store
前置定语
名词作定语
V-ing 和V-ed作定语
boiling water
boiled water
介词短语作定语
the pictures on the wall
the boy walking over there
后置定语
分词短语作定语
定语从句作定语
the lessons given by Ms. Li
a sight to behold
the factory we visited
Underline the noun phrase in the following sentence, then mark their functions.
①These red roses are for you. ( )
②I have three close friends. ( )
③He is my best friend. ( )
④There are some red roses on that small table.( )
S
O
P
P/O
Tip
英文中的介词不能单独使用,其后必须接宾语,所接的宾语往往是名词短语,也可以是单个的名词。
e.g. the bird in the tree 树上的那只鸟
the development of China 中国的发展
二、动词短语 (verb phrases,简称VP)
①在英语中动词短语按其在句子中的功能可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词短语。
②谓语动词是由时态、人称和数来决定动词形式,是表示动作或状态的,它又可分为:实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词四种。
非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。
动词短语
1. 含be等连系动词(be/feel/look…+adj./v-ed+介词)
be open to 对......开放
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be used to 习惯于……
2. 动词+v-ing/to do/普通名词
enjoy doing sth 喜欢做…
finish doing sth 完成做…
want to do sth 想要做…
drink wine 喝酒
3. 动词+介词
look at 看着 listen to 听
stick to 坚持 give up 放弃
break down 分解，发生故障，失败
come out 出版，暴露，结果是，出现
高考领航P65
1．At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he gave ______ as she was so confident about her skills.
2．Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls ______ a clear road map and timetable.
3．Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle ________, get married, and have kids.
4．Working with the medical team in Africa has brought _______ the best in her as a doctor.
5．When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt cut ______from the world.
in
for
down
out
off
6. I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always too busy to carry ______ a conversation with her.
7. I'm going to take advantage ______ this tour to explore the history of the castle.
8. Many businesses started up by college students have taken ______ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
9. Traditional Chinese paintings appeal very much _______ me.
10．Body language can give ________ a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
in
of
off
to
away
三、形容词短语 (adjective phrases,简称AdjP)
定义:形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词与其修饰语构成的短语。
Your room is large and beautiful.
两个或多个形容词可以由 、 等并列连词连接,构成形容词短语。
and
but
He is cute but a little silly.
可以由 、 等程度副词作修饰语,与形容词构成形容词短语。
What he said is really confusing.
really
very
He is good at cooking.
形容词短语也可以由“形容词+ 短语”构成。
介词
指出下列画线形容词短语所充当的成分。
①Anxious for a quick decision, our leader called for a vote. ( )
②She looks beautiful and smart. ( )
③You have a small but beautiful room. ( )
④We must make our country strong enough.（ ）
Ad
P
Attr
形容词短语常作三种成分,即 、 、 ,有时也作 。
OC
状语
表语
定语
宾补
四、 副词短语 (adverbial phrases,简称AdvP)
定义:副词短语是指由几个副词或副词与其修饰语构成的短语。
①两个或多个副词可以由 、 等并列连词连接,构成副词短语。
② 等程度副词作修饰语,可与其他副词构成副词短语。
③副词短语在句中当作副词用,可以修饰 、 或 。
and
but
very/extremely
动词
形容词
副词
四、 副词短语 (adverbial phrases,简称AdvP)
①I was so moved by his deeds that I couldn’t fall asleep into the night (deep).
②—What do you think she is doing right now
—She is (probable) doing nothing good.
—You expressed my thoughts (exact).
③ Equally (important), we should develop a good habit of living.
deeply
exactly
probably
deep
importantly
五、介词短语 (prepositional phrases,简称PreP)
定义:介词不能单独作成分,它必须和其后的宾语即名词、代词、动词-ing形式、从句等一起构成介词短语,才能作相关的句子成分。
eg:
The man in the room is Li Ming’s uncle.
His face was without expression.
He didn’t feel at ease.
I saw George at work.
介词短语作状语时最多,它在句可以中作 、 和 。
定语
表语
宾补
Attr
P
P
OC
amazing
Exercise
are looked
Sadly
giving
Working with elephants is one of the most popular volunteer activities in Thailand. And for good reason，these 1.______(amaze) creatures are huge, cute，and very intelligent. Often elephants 2.______ (look) on as gentle animals，but it's good to remember that this isn't always the case. 3.______ (sad)，many elephants have faced terrible treatment，beaten into 4.______ (give) performances or overworked at money hungry tourist attractions. A terribly treated elephant can become angry and kill people if it feels threatened.
protection
Exercise
a
to improve
that/which
All that being said，volunteering for elephant 5.______ (protect) can be a very rewarding experience. The important thing is to find the right opportunity. There are 6.______ number of elephant sanctuaries (动物保护区) and parks，especially in Thailand. There you can do meaningful work 7.______ (improve) the lives of elephants. The key is to do your research and watch out for places 8.______ promise you big money.
If the volunteer organization seems to be paying more attention 9.______ elephant rides and the elephants giving performances，be careful 10.______ it is probably not a place with the elephants' best interests in mind.
to
that
Goodbye!