Unit 3 How do you get to school? 单元语法词汇学案（9页）

Unit 3 How do you get to school 学案
语法篇
how 引导的特殊疑问句：how 是疑问副词，“如何；怎样”，常位于句首，引导特殊疑问句。其结构为：
How +助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他？
How+ be 动词 +主语+其他？
①询问交通方式
--How does your father go to work
--He goes to work by bus.
交通方式的表达法：
by+表示交通工具的单数名词，其中名词前不加任何限定词 by bike
介词表达法： by+表示交通路线的名词，表示“通过陆路，水路，” by sea, by air
(状语) on/in+限定词+交通工具类名词，其中限定词不能省略
I go to school on my bike every day.
My mother goes to work in her car.
动词表达法 take/ride/drive+限定词+交通工具类名词 ride a bike/horse, take a bus/train
（谓语）
Eg: How do you go to school
I _________a bus to school.
I go to school ______ a bus.
I go to school _______bus.
②询问身体状况
--How are your parents
-- They are fine, thanks.
③询问程度，看法。
--How do you like the book
-- It’s interesting.
④询问天气
--How is the weather in Changchun
-- It’s sunny and warm.
⑤询问事情进展。
--How’s it going (with sb)
--Everything goes well.
2. how long 引导的特殊疑问句：
①用于询问时间长短，意为“多长时间”。回答是通常用表示一段时间的词或者
短语。
--How long does it take you to get to the park
--About 20 minutes./ It taks (sb) +时间 （+to do ）
-- How long will you stay here
-- I will stay here ______ about 2 days.
②用于询问物体的长度，意为“多长”。
--How long is the river
-- It’s about 5,000 kilometers.
3. how far 引导的特殊疑问句：意为“多远”，用来询问两地之间的距离。答语 有三种表达方式。How far is it from A to B / How far is B from A
①It’s +基数词（大于1）+meters/kilometers/miles
②It’s +基数词（大于1）+ minutes’/hours’ +walk/（bus）ride/drive.
③It’s +段时间+by +交通工具
Eg: --How far is it from here to the hospital
--It’s about five kilometers. / It’s about 2 hours’ drive./ It’s about 2 hours by car.
拓展：how 构成的其他常见疑问短语：
短语 含义 用法 例句
how old 多大 询问年龄 --How old are you -- _______
how many 多少 询问可数名词的数量 --How many books do you have --_______
how much 多少 询问不可数名词的数量 --How much water do you need --I need_____________ of water
多少钱 询问价钱 --How much is the jacket --__________
how often 多久一次 询问频率 --How often do you play basketball --_________.一周两次
how soon 多久以后 询问时间 --How soon will you come back --_______________两周以后
词汇篇
take the train
take: v ①乘坐 take a/the +表示交通工具的名词，表示乘坐某种交通工具
take a/the train, take a /the plane, take a/the taxi, take the subway, take a/the bus.
②花费：It takes sb + 时间+ to do sth. _________________________(汉语意思)
形式主语 真正主语
It takes me 3 hours___________(finish) the work.
③拿走；带走 take …. to….强调将某物或者某人从说话地点带到其他地方
Eg: Please take these boxes to the hospital.（take…there/bring…here）
ride a bike 骑自行车: go to .....by bike=ride to sp
ride v 意为“骑”： Can you ride a horse
n 意为“旅程”，尤指乘车，骑车的短途旅程：The bus ride takes about 10 minutes.
get to 到达。后接地点名词，当表示目的地的词为副词here,there,home 等时，
则不用介词 to. I usually get ______ school at seven.
Please get ________on time.
to there B. at there C. in there D. there.
拓展： arrive in/at +地点名词：I often arrive at school at seven.
reach +地点名词:When did they reach the top of the mountain
hundred: (数词) 一百
①当前面有具体数字表示确切数目时，其后不加-s,也不和 of连用。
There are about five _______(hundred) students in our school.
②若表示一个不确切的数目，前面没有具体数字，其后要加-s,且与of 连用。后
接可数名词的复数形式。
hundreds of 数以百计的；成百上千的
There are _________ people in the building.
hundred B. hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of
③用英语表示“几百几十几”时，应在百位与十位数之间加 and.
342 three hundred and forty-two 702 seven hundred and two
拓展：与此用法类似的词还有“thousand”一千，“million”百万，“billion”十亿
new adj: 新的；刚出现的 （反）old (陈旧的；古老的）
My coat is old. I want to buy a _______ one.
every day:每天，常与一般现在时连用，在句子中作______.
every 作为形容词，后接可数名词单数：every week, every year.
辨析：everyday: adj 日常的，在句子中作定语. everyday/daily life 日常生活
how far...（见语法篇）
far: adv 意为“远”：I don’t live far from here.
adj 意为“远的”I saw her on the far side of the road.
minute n 分钟 ：There are 60 minutes in an hour.
I’m not sure. 我不确定。表达自己对判断没有十足把握的交际用语。
Sure adj: be sure of (指主语自己）对某事有把握。 I’m sure of his honesty.
be sure to do sth: （强调对方）务必做某事；（主语作出判断）必定会作或者发生
某事。Please be sure to come to my party.
be sure +that :(主语自己）确信...... I’m sure they will win.
by bike :骑自行车 乘坐交通工具的表达法见语法篇。
You ,too. 你也是.常用来回答别人的祝愿，相当于“The same to you”
与之用法类似的还有“Me,too”我也是，“Me, neither”我也不。
walk v 步行；行走 walk to sp 步行去某地= go to sp on foot. 当接地点副词时不加“to”。
n 行走；步行 take a walk,go for a walk. 散步。
drive v 驾驶；开车 drive (sb) to +地点 开车（送某人）去某地
Please drive me to the station.
My brother is a ______. He _______ a taxi and ________ different guests to different places.(drive)
live v 居住；生活 此处用作不及物动词，后接名词作宾语，要在名词前加相应的介词；若接副词，不用加介词。 My grandfather live _______ a beautiful city.
I live ________ the second floor.
拓展： live on sth: 以...为生： Horses live on grass.
live a (an).... life: 过着....的生活： She lives a happy life with her family.
stop n 车站Is there a bus stop near here
station. n 一般指火车，客车等的发车点或者终点站。
v 停止 stop to do sth:停下来去做某事 Let’s stop to have a rest.
stop doing sth :停止做某事 Stop talking!
think of:认为；想起 of 为介词，后接名词，代词或者动词-ing 形式作宾语。在表示“认为....怎么样”时，of可以与about 互换。
--What do you think of/about the movie -- Interesting.
拓展：询问某人对某事看法还可以用 How do you like..... 或者How do you feel about....
Eg: _________ do you think of the song
How B.What C.When D. Where
cross v 横过；越过 We can’t play with mobile phones when we cross the road.
across 介词/副词 cross=go across
crossing 名词 十字路口： Turn right at the first crossing.
river n 河；江 People often swim in the river in summer.
many adj 许多；大量，修饰或指代可数名词复数
Tom doesn’t have many friends here.
much adj 许多；大量，修饰或指代不可数名词
I don’t have much time to watch TV.
拓展：It is +adj+to do sth.做某事是....的：It is difficult _________(study)math.
_______ is interesting to play basketball.
That B.It C.This
It is +adj +for sb +to do sth:形容词是描述事物的特征。
It is +adj +of sb +to do sth:形容词是描述人的品格品质。
It is kind ______ you to help me.
village n 村庄----villager (s)村民
between prep 在...之间 宾语常是表示两者的名词或者代词。between...and...在..和...之间
It is a secret between you and me.
among prep 在....之中 一般指在三者或三者以上之中，宾语可以是复数名词或者表示
复数概念的代词，也可以是集合名词。The teacher is standing among the children.
no det 没有. 此处修饰可数名词单数，no 修饰可数名词单数时，相当于 not a/an ；修饰不可数名词及可数名词复数时，相当于 not any.
I have no dictionary = I don’t have a dictionary.
I have no basketballs=I don’t have any basketballs.
There is no water in the glass= There is not any water in the glass.
此外，no+v-ing!/no +名词 也可以构成祈使句：No fishing! 禁止钓鱼！
No photos! 禁止拍照！
run v ①流；淌 The river runs into the sea.
②奔跑 I run for half an hour every morning.
bridge n 桥 We crossed the bridge over the river.
boat n 小船 We can get to the other side of the lake by boat.
go boating 去划船 be in the same boat 处于相同的困境/同舟共济
ropeway cn 索道 go on a ropeway 乘坐索道/滑铁索
We often go _______ a ropeway to play.
26.11-year-old 11岁的 ,是一个复合形容词，作定语，修饰boy. 由“数词+连字符+名词（+连字符+形容词）”构成复合形容词，具有以下特点：①构成复合形容的各词之间要用连字符号连接；②数词后面的名词用单数形式 ③只能作定语，不能作表语。
I have a _________holiday.
two weeks B . two-days C. two-day D. two day
辨析：11 years old: 在句子中作表语，year 的单复数形式取决于前面的基数词，中间不用连字符。
Tina is ___________
11-year-old B.11 year old C.11 years old D. 11-year-olds
27. afraid: adj 害怕；畏惧，常作表语。
be afraid of sb/sth 害怕某人/某物。 I am afraid of the cat.
be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事 It’s dark outside. He is afraid of ________(go) out alone.
be afraid to do sth: 害怕/不敢做某事 She is afraid __________(cross) the river on a ropeway.
be afraid that+从句 恐怕….. I’m afraid I can’t go with you.
28. He’s like a father to me.
like 此处作介词，be like 像…..（性格，品质，外貌） 或者 look like （外貌）看起来像，后接名词或者代词作宾语。
as 介词，作为
He talks with me like my father.
He talks with me as my father.
to : 此处作介词 对….而言；对….来说
It is important to me.
29. leave v ①离开，既可以作及物动词，也可以做不及物动词。
leave for +地点 动身前往某地： I will leave for Beijing next week.
leave A (出发地)for B（目的地）：Jim is leaving Beijing for Shanghai.
② 留下 Don’t ________the child alone at home.
leave B. forget C. forgot D. left
辨析 forget v 遗忘 : I forgot my keys.
30. dream n 梦想；睡梦 My dream is _________(be) a doctor like Zhong Nanshan.
I often have bad dreams at night.
V 做梦 dream of/about 梦想，梦见 Many people dream of being famous.
She often dreams at night.
31. come true 实现；成为现实，为不及物动词短语，不能接宾语，其主语通常为 “梦想”.
A dream can’t come true without hard work.
achieve/realize: 为及物动词：实现 We can achieve/realize our dreams one day.
true: adj 真的；符合事实的 名词形式为truth. Can you tell me the _________(true)
truly adv 真诚地，诚恳地： I’m __________(true) sorry that I can’t help you with that.
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