2022年新高考全国一卷D篇阅读解析课件(共33张PPT)

(共33张PPT)
2022高一期末模拟试题
d篇阅读
语篇解读
主旨概要 本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在从世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
原文出处 选自2019年3月新科学家杂志。即2022年新高考全国一卷D篇阅读
语言知识
词汇默写 1. contain 2. click 3. ground-breaking
4. diet-related 5. scholar 6. note
7. arise 8. overbite 9. confirm
10. remarkably 11. hunter-gatherer 12. overturn
13. evolve 14. appearance 15. variety
16. distribution 17. conveniently 18. structure
19. evidence 20. potential 21. reasonable
22. process plex 24. dynamic
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词汇答案 1. contain vt. 容纳；包含；抑制；克制vi. 自制
2. click n. 咔嗒声；[计]点击v. （使）发出咔嗒声；点击
3. ground-breaking adj. 具有开拓性的
4. diet-related 和饮食相关的
5. scholar n. 学者；获奖学金的学生
6. note n. 笔记；便条；纸币；音符；票据；注解；音调vt. 注意；记录；注解
7. arise vi. 出现；升起；上升；发生；起来
8. overbite n. [医](牙齿)覆咬合
9. confirm v. 证实；批准；确定
10. remarkably adv. 显著突出地；出乎意外地
11. hunter-gatherer n. 捕猎者-采集者
12. overturn v. 翻倒；推翻；颠覆n. 倾覆；打翻
13. evolve v. (使)逐步形成；(使)逐步演变；进化
14. appearance n. 出现；露面；外貌；外表；出场
15. variety n. 多样；种类；多样化n. 杂耍
16. distribution n. 分布；分发；分配；散布；销售量
17. conveniently adv. 方便地；合宜地
18. Structure n. 结构；构造；建筑物vt. 构造；建造；组织
19. evidence n. 证据；证词；根据；迹象v. 证明；证实
20. potential adj. 潜在的；可能的n. 潜力；潜能n. 电位；电势
21. reasonable adj. 合理的；通情达理的；公平适度的
22. process n. 工序；过程v. 加工；处理；起诉；列队前进
plex adj. 复杂的；合成的；复合的n. 综合体；复合体；[医]综合症状；[心]情结
24. dynamic adj. 动力的；动态的；有活力的；【音】力度变化的n. 动力；动力学
重点短语 1. lead to 导致 2. remain stable 保持稳定
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细节理解题
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细节事实考察题型
该题型旨在考察学生快速查找文章细节的能力。属于简单题型。 识别技巧：选项出现文章涉及细节，且普遍较短。
常见提问方式：多样化或以TRUE or NOT TRUE的考查题型出现
解题技巧：题干入手，扫读、挑读、查找、标记、对比、甄选。
注：虽然该类考察题型比较简单，但如果不能细心冷静地对待仍会出现错判 细节的错误。
常见干扰项设置特征：A. 张冠李戴 B. 妄加断言 C. 故弄玄虚
D. 所答非所问 E. 盲目具体化
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细节题解题方法
1.关键词（画） Finding Keywords
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咋找？
数字、人名、地点、大写
与文、题相关的名、动、形、副
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2.定位（找） Orientation
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针对较复杂文章及选项
从关键词到关键句 全文追踪，不留死角 查找病毒，删除乱码 认真分析、各个击破
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3.分析（比） Details
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4.认真 Attentive
homework
请写出阅读理解细节题的三大步骤以及具体注意事项。(共30分)
步 骤 一 ： 画出关键词 步 骤 二 ： 定位;
步骤三： 分析
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common "m" and "a" to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as "f" and "v", were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi's research focus on
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
32【答案】D
细节理解题。根据题干关键词Damian Blasi, 定位到文章第二段最后一句Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.（现在，由瑞士苏黎世大学的达米安·布拉西领导的一个研究小组已经发现了这种趋势是如何以及为什么会出现的），根据文章第一段中的“More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and "v", were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.（30多年前，学者Charles Hockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。）”可知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。
33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
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They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned（对齐）, making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure（结构）, making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.
33【答案】B
细节理解题。根据题干关键词“ancient human adults”定位到第三段。根据“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure , making it easier to produce such sounds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。选项中的“Their jaws were not conveniently structured”是原文的“the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned”以及“Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure”的同义转换。故选C项。
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33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
主旨大意题
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如何识别主旨题？
一.选择文章主旨大意
(1) This passage is mainly about…
(2) From the passage we can learn that…(推断)
(3) What is the main idea of this passage
(4) Which one can be used to conclude the passage
(5) The Key point of this passage is…
二.选择文章标题
Which of the following is the best title for the passage
Which one can best express the main idea of this text
三.作者的目的或写作意图
What is the main purpose of this passage
What’s the author’s attitude toward…
Which one can best conclude the author’s attitude
主旨题解题步骤：
1.通篇略读，把握大意
2.找主旨句（首段、末段、中）高考中主旨句一般出现在首段尾句或二段首句。
圈划关键词： 名词动词或表感彩的形容词
忽略细节 for example, to begin with, first, second, then
3.选择标题或概括主旨：根据主旨句进行同义替换
常犯的错：以偏概全， 主题扩大， 断章取义， 无中生有
如何去找主旨句？
情形1：主旨句出现在文章开篇
情形2：主旨句出现在文章结尾
情形3：主旨句出现在文章中间
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of "f" and "v" increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
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34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
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34【答案】A
主旨大意题。根据题干关键信息“paragraph 5”定位到第五段，根据“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the so Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.（对语言数据库的分析还证实，新石器时代之后，世界语言的声音发生了全球变化，“f”和“v”的使用在过去几千年中显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然找不到）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。
推理判断题
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推理判断题
这类试题包括很多种，主要考查了推断隐含意义、推断目标读者、推断写法意图、推断观点态度等，其中重点是推断隐含意义。
02
推理判断题要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。
01
这类试题的题干中常含infer(推断),suggest(暗示),imply(暗示)等词语。
It can be inferred/concluded from the
passage that ______
By the first sentence of the second
paragraph, the author means _____
When the writer talks about..., what he
really means is that_____.
The passage suggests/implies that ____
We can learn/conclude that_________.
Which of the following can be inferred
from the passage
常见问题形式:
这类试题的题干中常含infer(推断),suggest(暗示),imply(暗示)等词语。
[技巧点拨]
解答这类题的一般步骤是：
定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。
字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。
深层理解：结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。
干扰项的特点：
原文信息的简单重复，而非推断出来的结论。
(考生易误选)
推理过度的片面结论(all, everything, nothing…)
与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论。
符合考生已有常识，但文章中没有信息支持。(考生想当然，易误选)
此外，可采用主旨推断法：在理解短文大意，明确文章主旨的基础上，进行推断，从而得出符合情理的结论。
To express the author’s attitude:
subjective 主观的，个人的
objective 客观的
positive 积极的；肯定的
negative 消极的；否定的
optimistic 乐观的
pessimistic 悲观的
To express the author’s attitude:
neutral 中立的
indifferent 不关心的，中立的
supportive 支持的
suspicious 怀疑的
critical 批评的
sympathetic 同情的;有同情心的；赞同的
partial 偏袒的;偏爱的；
ironic 讽刺的， 用反语的
第一步就是用查读法(scanning)在文中找到依据，即答题信息点；
第二步，理解相关信息；
第三步，结合已有常识，进行适度的符合情理的推断，从而得出答案。
以文中信息为依据去推断, 切忌主观臆断，做到推断有理，判断有据
注意
推断隐含意思
要求
推断言外之意或弦外之音
题干
常含infer(推断), suggest, imply
常有can, could, probably, likely等
考情
通常每篇文段都有1道题
推断隐含意思
推断
隐含
意思
一找 将题干中的about或from之后的内容或
infer后that从句的主语作为定位词, 找
到答案依据
四比 比较各选项，确定答案
二理 理解信息句的字面意思
三推 依据字面意思，结合已有常识，进行符合情理的推断
揣
摩
推
敲
法
干扰项特征
黑白颠倒 与文中所述事实相反
简单重复 仅为文中信息的简单重复，而非
推断的结论
无中生有 文中无信息支撑
推理过度 推得不合情理
张冠李戴 利用文中词语迷惑考生
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. "The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution," said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
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35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
35【答案】B
推理判断题。根据题干关键词“Steven Moran”定位到文章最后一段。根据““The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.（研究小组成员Steven Moran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。选项中的“complex and dynamic system”是原文中的“rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things”的同义转换。故选C项。