2023届高考英语阅读理解复习：历史文化类阅读（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2023届高考英语阅读理解复习：历史文化类阅读（含解析） |  | |
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2023届高考英语阅读理解复习：历史文化类阅读（含解析）
一、
Children may learn new words better when they learn them in the context of other words they are just learning—according to a new research from the University of East Anglia.
Researchers investigated how 18-24-month-olds learn new words—in the context of words they already know well and those they don’t. The findings help explain how children learn new words and suggest a new way that parents and carers could help boost language development.
Previous research suggests that when children hear a word they do not know and see an object they have never seen in the context of some objects that they can already name, such as a toy or a ball, they guess that the new word refers to the new thing.
Dr. Larissa Samuelson from the university wanted to know if the strength of a child’s knowledge of familiar things – how well they know what “cars” or “balls” are, for example – mattered for learning new words and remembering them. They asked 82 children to take part in the study and carry out two experiments among them. And then they got some really surprising findings.
"We had expected that a stronger knowledge of familiar words would be better for learning new words, but we found the opposite was true." Dr Samuelson said. "This new study suggests another way we might be able to help boost children’s ability to remember new word-object links—by teaching them in the context of other things that they are just learning."
It seems counterintuitive, but it is perhaps because the less well-known items don’t compete with the new words as much. If they learn new words in the context of playing with well-known items such as a ball or book, they don’t process the new word as much.
1.What is the purpose of the new research
A.To challenge the findings of previous studies. B.To observe the process of children's learning.
C.To better understand children's word learning. D.To compare children's different learning styles.
2.What can be inferred from Dr. Samuelson’s words
A.Their findings are out of expectation. B.Their research should focus on children.
C.We should be more patient with children. D.We need to provide guidance on learning.
3.What does the underlined word “counterintuitive” mean in the last paragraph
A.Consistent. B.Encouraging. C.Impractical. D.Unreasonable.
4.What does the text mainly tell us
A.Less familiar words help children learn better.
B.Word-object links contribute to better learning.
C.New research finds the secrets of raising children.
D.Children learn better with the help of their parents.
二、
The Olympic spirit is about a lot more than winning medals and setting records. Just look at the story of swimmer Eric Moussambani.
The Equatoguinean found his passion for swimming shortly after high school. Unfortunately, football is far and away the most popular sport in Moussambani's home country. Living in such a football-crazed country, it was difficult for Moussambani to find a place to train consistently(持续地).Eventually, he found a 13-meter-sized hotel pool that he only had access to three hours a week. On days he could not use the pool, he trained in rivers.
After about eight months of swimming, he gained entry into the 2000 Summer Olympics through a program where the International Olympic Committee gave wildcards to developing nations to promote their sport further. In Sydney, Moussambani saw an Olympic-sized swimming pool for the first time, which was so big that Moussambani said he was “so scared” to compete in it.
The day of the 100m freestyle came. Moussambani made an energetic start in the first 50 meters, but in the final half of the race, he struggled to stay afloat(漂浮着),so much so that those on the sidelines considered jumping in and helping him out of the water. “"It was then that I heard the crowd screaming and shouting, encouraging me to 'Go, go, go.' It gave me the strength to finish,”Moussambani said.
Moussambani finished the race with a time of 1:52.72, the slowest recorded time in Olympic history, but the fans did not care, cheering him as if he had broken the world record. “This is what the Olympics are all about," a commentator said. “The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not winning, but taking part. The essential thing in life is not defeating others, but fighting well," he said.
Moussambani serves as the national swim team coach for Equatorial Guinea now. Gone are the days when Equatoguinean swimmers needed to train in open water. They now have two Olympic-sized swimming pools. Moussambani hopes to grow the sport in his country.
1.Why did Moussambani fail to get proper swimming training
A.Swimming was not taken seriously in his country.
B.Swimming in rivers appealed to him.
C.He was busy with his schoolwork.
D.He could not afford it.
2.How did Moussambani do in the race
A.He was too scared to swim.
B.He quit at the first sign of trouble.
C.He finished with great difficulty.
D.He was pulled out of the water halfway.
3.What did the commentator think of Moussambani
A.He showed the Olympic spirit.
B.He was a talented swimmer.
C.He disappointed his fans.
D.He could have fought better.
4.What does Moussambani wish to do now
A.Build some Olympic-sized swimming pools.
B.Promote swimming in his country.
C.Coach the national swim team.
D.Win an Olympic medal.
三、
What will the future be like Good or bad A lot of science-fictional writing imagines a world which is dark and scary. In Blade Runner, Harrison Ford hunts robots in a chaotic(混乱的) Los Angeles. Planet of the Apes shows a hopeless future to humankind.
There's a word to describe the kind of future world which often appears in science fiction: dystopia. It means an imagined place where things are unpleasant or bad. The opposite is utopia. But does tomorrow's world have to be so disappointing
No. A new project wants to use the power of science fiction to inspire people to create a better future. Project Hieroglyph brings together writers, scientists, engineers and artists to create optimistic stories about things which really could happen in the next 50 years.
It's just a matter of making an effort. Experts say it's easier to create a dystopia than write a feel-good story. There's more conflict in a world full of problems, and stories are interesting when there are a lot of problems to solve. No challenge, no story!
But the project produced a book with some promising plots. One of them is about environmentalists who fight to stop entrepreneurs(创业者) from building the first hotel in Antarctica. Well, there's conflict and it seems reasonable, so it could be a good story.
But will these stories actually change something or just keep us entertained Ed Finn, the book's editor, thinks the former. He says: "A good science-fictional story can be very powerful. It can inspire hundreds, thousands, millions of people to do something that they want to do."
The influence of science fiction can already be seen in modern research, says Professor Braden Allenby. He asks: "Why are people working on, for example, invisibility cloaks(斗篷) Well, Harry Potter uses the cloak, right "
Time will tell how far we can go. Let's dream big and think outside the box. Who knows what wonderful things we can come up with
1.What does the underlined word "utopia" in Paragraph 2 most probably mean
A.A real world where people can do anything they like.
B.An imagined place where things are unpleasant or bad.
C.An imaginary perfect world where everyone is happy.
D.A wild and terrible place where no one can live happily.
2.Why do experts say "it's easier to create a dystopia than write a feel-good story"
A.A dystopia needs less imagination. B.A feel-good story is more interesting.
C.There is no conflict in a feel-good story. D.There are more problems to solve in a dystopia.
3.Why does Professor Braden Allenby take "invisibility cloaks" as an example
A.To catch readers' attention. B.To amuse science fiction readers.
C.To introduce a science-fictional story. D.To show the influence of science fiction.
4.What is the best title for the passage
A.What Is Science Fiction B.Can Science Fiction Help Us
C.What Will Man Do in the Future D.Shall We Live a Better Life in the Future
四、
Tobogganing, or sledding (雪橇), likely comes before the colonization of North America. Records show that Canada's First Peoples used small sleds to transport their belongings and food between camps, Raymond Flower writes in The History of Skiing and Other Winter Sports. But modern-day sled races can trace their origins back to the Swiss Alps in the late 1800s when British tourists decided to race in wooden luges (a sled used by one person) that locals had used to travel through snow. The origin is debatable in snowy northern New York, however, where there's evidence that Albany held bobsled (a sled used by two or more people) races as early as 1885.
Wherever they began, sled races quickly became popular. The famous Cresta Run, named after the Swiss town near the base of its course, was built in 1885 using snowbanks. The first organized competition was in 1898, hosted by the first bobsled club in nearby St. Moritz (a city in Switzerland). It was then that sledding began to separate from the luge to include two new sports: bob sledding, and skeleton sledding (俯式雪橇).
Cresta Run is considered the birthplace of the skeleton, a particularly daring form of sled-ding. Unlike the luge, where competitors ride feet-first on a sled with metal runners, the skeleton sledding is a steel sled with a slim appearance. Riders lie down on the sled headfirst, then drop suddenly down an ice track. Bobsledding, meanwhile, involves teams of two to four in which the person in front controls directions and the player in back brakes when needed. It earned its name after competitors started swinging back and forth to speed up the sled.
Bobsledding initially overtook skeleton sledding in popularity, becoming one of a handful of sports played at the first Winter Games in 1924. The skeleton sledding was limited to the Cresta Run for decades because other bob runs around the world were not built for the steel skeleton sled. But in the 1970s, adjustments were made to both the skeleton and bob runs in order to include the event at future winter games.
1.What can we infer about Raymond Flower
A. He is a writer. B.He is good at sledding.
C. He invented the sledding race. D.He set the first record of sledding.
2. How does skeleton sledding differ from the luge
A. Skeleton sledding runs on metal runners.
B. Skeleton sledding doesn't have back brakes.
C. Riders on Skeleton sledding sled with their feet.
D.Skeleton sledding needs players to lie down on it headfirst.
3. What limited the popularity of skeleton sledding
A. Its special shape. B. Its speed.
C. Its steel runners. D. Its unsuitable adjustments.
4.What can be the best title for the text
A. Why is sledding so popular B. How did sledding develop in Switzerland
C.What are sledding adventures about D.How did people kill time in North America
五、
If you learned about Thanksgiving in an American elementary school, chances are that the holiday is in honor of how the Pilgrim(清教徒) of Plymouth, Mass, celebrated the harvest by enjoying a dinner with their friendly Indian neighbors. This story is inspired by a real 1621 meal, which reflects neither the 17th century nor the 21st century understanding of it.
An 1889 novel that described Thanksgiving as an outdoor feast became a best-seller. The growing ad industry helped spread popular images of the tale. By the 1920s, Thanksgiving was the most talked-about holiday in U.S. classrooms. The parts that made the colonists(殖民者) look bad were left out.
However, many classrooms are beginning to change. And on a recent Saturday morning in Washington D.C., about two dozens teachers went to the National Museum of the American Indian to learn a better way to teach the Thanksgiving story. When Gokey, the museum’s teacher-services worker, explained that early Thanksgivings celebrated the burning of a Pequot village in 1637 and the killing of Wampanoag leader Massasoit’s son, listeners felt shocked.
"I look back now and realize I was teaching a lot of wrong facts and ideas,” Tonia Parker, a second-grade teacher told TIME.
Teachers like the ones at the workshop know that change is coming, and state social-studies standards increasingly encourage students to look at history from multiple angles. Moreover, teaching a better lesson about thankfulness is something anyone can support.
At the workshop in Washington, after learning something new, participants learned to say Wado. That Cherokee word means “Thank you”.
1.What did Americans learn about Thanksgiving from the elementary school
A.It was first celebrated in 1889.
B.It was a family feast for the Pilgrims.
C.It reflected the real history of the 17th century.
D.It showed the friendship between the Pilgrims and Indians.
2.Why did some teachers go to the National Museum of the American Indian
A.To confirm the importance of the holiday.
B.To prepare for the changing of the classroom.
C.To find a more appropriate way to teach Thanksgiving.
D.To correct their misunderstanding about Thanksgiving.
3.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs
A.Wado means “Thank you ”in Cherokee.
B.Lessons about thankfulness are increasingly popular.
C.Participants at the workshop learned to support each other.
D.Students are encouraged to see history from different aspects.
4.What would be the best title of the text
A.The Importance of Thanksgiving Education
B.Thanksgiving: a Holiday with a Hidden Truth
C.Thanksgiving: a Holiday Popularized by a Novel
D.The Reform of Education in American Classrooms
六、
In many—even most—space-themed films, whenever the Earth faces a disaster, the solution is always leaving the planet by spaceship. But an amazing Chinese sci-fi movie, The Wandering Earth, offers a different idea.
In the film, which is adapted from a short story by Chinese sci-fi writer Liu Cixin, the Earth is in danger of being destroyed by the dying Sun. Humans around the world work together to build a huge engine system that will push the Earth away from the Sun. Instead of leaving the Earth behind, this time we're taking it with us.
This idea didn't come from nowhere. For thousands of years, Chinese people have had a special emotion towards their "homeland" in their hearts and minds. One old saying is "luo ye gui gen", which means returning to one's homeland in old age, like fallen leaves returning to the roots of their trees. Or look at an ancient poem: "The season called the White Dew(白露) begins tonight. Nowhere as in our native place is the moon so bright." These both show the strong relationship that Chinese people have had with their homeland.
This is probably what sets The Wandering Earth apart from Hollywood-style space films. "What Chinese sci-fi " Guo Fan, the film's director, said in an interview. "Films that can really express our cultural and spiritual core(精神核心) can be called Chinese sci-fi. Otherwise, we're just copying others and telling the same American stories."
And the makers of The Wandering Earth may have chosen the best time to tell the Chinese sci-fi story. The film was screened on Feb 5, the first day of Chinese New Year in 2019. It was a time when many people had just made the hard journey back to their hometown. So to them, there is only one possible way to tell the story: The Earth goes wherever humans go, because it's our home.
1.What can we know about The Wandering Earth from the passage
A.It follows the latest film fashion. B.It is based on Liu Cixin's book.
C.It is a film copying foreign movies. D.It offers us a new experience of watching films.
2.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A.The suitable season when the film was screened.
B.The famous poems mentioned in the film.
C.The common points between Chinese films and foreign films.
D.The cultural background of the film.
3.Why did the makers choose the first day of Chinese New Year to put on the film
A.It was the Spring Festival and many people had time to see it.
B.Many old people wanted to return to their hometown.
C.It can arouse many people's common feelings at that time.
D.Chinese people usually celebrate together on that day.
4.What can we infer from Guo Fan's words
A.The American sci-fi fails to express its culture.
B.The Wandering Earth tells a foreign story.
C.Chinese sci-fi films should have their own features.
D.Sci-fi films should express certain spiritual cores.
七、
If you make a list of the world’s top ten most challenging jobs, chances are that being a teacher will not make the cut. But think about the discouraging task millions of educators face each day as they try to shape a group of often bad-tempered, wild kids into intelligent, well-rounded individuals. That surely has to be the toughest job in the world, especially given that there is no promotion or bonus awaiting them even if they are wildly successful!
What if these all-important individuals that we often take for granted disappear from our lives That was what Project Ed and Participant Media’s Teach campaign asked filmmakers of all ages to imagine in their recently-held competition. Entitled “A World Without Teachers”, its purpose was to inspire more young people to become teachers. However, the 62 amazing video submissions also serve as a reminder of how horrible things would be if we didn’t have these selfless individuals guiding us through life. What was interesting is that even the youngest participants did not appear to be happy at the idea of not having anybody telling them what to do.
High-school student Savannah Wakefield reflected if art as we know it today would have been different without teachers. Would Monet have discovered his talent for impressionism Los Angeles-based Miles Horst, who won the 1000 USD prize for the best adult submission imagines a world where teachers are replaced by a “brain box” in his fun lively entry.
Youth category winner Marina Barham’s video represents a fact we all know but often forget. Teachers don’t just teach, they inspire—something that no electronic device, no matter how smart, can do! So the next time you think your teacher is being “mean” for trying to channel you in the right direction, imagine a life without him/her. We have a feeling it will not appear as rosy!
1.What is the text mainly about
A.The significance of teachers.
B.The campaign to promote teachers’ status.
C.A survey of people’s views about teachers.
D.A competition to win the prize for the best teacher.
2.From the passage we can learn that ________.
A.teaching naughty kids is a very discouraging task
B.being a teacher is one of the most challenging jobs in the world
C.a successful teacher has the greatest chance to be promoted
D.teachers have little influence on kids’ individual development
3.What is the purpose of the project “A World Without Teachers”
A.To attract kids to submit more videos of their teachers.
B.To encourage more people to go into teaching career.
C.To expect teachers to devote themselves to their jobs.
D.To remind students to appreciate teachers’ hard work.
4.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 suggest
A.Teaching is quite different from other jobs.
B.The future of teachers’ work appears inspiring.
C.A world without teachers will be unimaginable.
D.Many people attach more importance to teaching.
八、
Chinese people love food made of flour, whether it be dumplings, or flatbread. In the hands of skilled artisans (手艺人),flour is made into lovely models of people or animals to be enjoyed and played with, which brings a unique kind of pleasure. This art form is called dough figurine (面塑).Among the various art styles of dough figurines, Beijing's Dough Figurine Lang is a unique folk art, which is filled with the rich history and customs of the capital city; Their delicate and lovely handicrafts are storytellers of old and new Beijing. In 2008, it was included in the list of national intangible cultural heritage.
It was created by Lang Shao'an. Most of the dough figurines are animals and characters from legends, historical stories, and local operas. The finished product is either put at the end of a thin stick, or on a table for display. Some are mostly for children to eat or play with, with simple forms and vivid decorations, while some are delicate pieces of artwork for display only. For this reason, during the making process, they are often mixed with additives (添加剂)to prevent them from breaking up, being eaten by insects or growing moldy. Over the course of his long career, Lang Shao'an developed a set of skilled fingers with an elegant artistic sense.
Lang Jiaziyu, born in 1995, is the third-generation inheritor of Dough Figurine Lang. When he was 15, he created Beijing Olympic Mascot-shaped dough figurines which were highly praised. He looks a bit more fashionable than other folk artisans. In his skilled hands, pop culture icons such as figures based on Marvel comics characters and Chinese mythological figure Nezha with smoky makeup, are resonating with young people.
Like most of the other intangible cultural heritage handicrafts in China, Dough Figurine Lang does not get as much attention from the public. Many young people are unwilling to take the time to master a skill that does not make money, which has led to a decline in the number of those who are devoted to the handicraft. Good handicrafts need the devotion of artisans from one generation to another.
1.What is special about Dough Figurine Lang
A.It reflects Beijing's culture. B.It is created by many famous artists.
C.It shows people's lifestyles and beliefs. D.It is popular with both tourists and the locals.
2.Why do artisans add additives to dough figurines
A.To make dough figurines taste good. B.To keep colors brighter and last longer.
C.To help shape dough into various forms. D.To better preserve the finished products.
3.What is the third paragraph mainly about
A.Suggestions for other folk artisans. B.Different art styles of dough figurines.
C.Lang Jiaziyu's achievements as an artisan. D.The popularity of modem dough figurines.
4.What is the main purpose of the passage
A.To call on people to master a skill.
B.To appeal to people to value this folk art.
C.To teach people ways to appreciate the handicraft.
D.To persuade people to protect national cultural heritage.
九、
Karunori Takishima has been traveling the world to support Japan at every Olympie Cames for the past 15 years, so he intended to see the event in his home city of Tokyo. But when a ban on audience was announced, that dream was over.
He had spent nearly $40,000 on 197 tickets for him and his friends to see as many events as possible during Tokyo 2020, which started on July 23.
"It took an unbelievable amount of time, effort, and passion."Takishima told CNN." But I was so passionate about the Olympics that even though it was very difficult and challenging. I enjoyed the process of buying the tickets."
The 45-year-old businessman worked out that if he watched all the events he had booked, he would have broken the Guinness World Record for attendance at Olympic events. He got a refund（退款）on the tickets he had purchased.
Takishima's love for the Olympics started in 2005 when he saw a figure skating competition for the first time and immediately bought tickets for the 2006 Torino Olympics in Italy. He was infatuated. It inspired him so much that he has been going to the Olympics ever since.
But this year, only members of the media and the selected people were allowed to watch the events. The decision by Olympic officials to ban audience was designed to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
"And it's the athletes that will suffer the most from the lack of support in the stands，"Takishima said.
"It's a great loss when your family can't come，"Takishima said." So I hope everyone will at least cheer for them in front of the TV."
Despite his disappointment, he said the experience wouldn't stop him from being an Olympic superfan."I will continue to visit and support the Olympics until the day I die，"Takishima said." While I'm still able to move. I plan to see all the Cames from the opening to the closing ceremonies."
1.What was Kazunori Takishima's dream？
A.To break the Guinness World Record.
B.To support Japan at every Olympic Games.
C.To compete in the Olympic Games as an athlete.
D.To watch the Tokyo Olympic Games on the scene.
2.What problem did Kazunori Takishima meet with？
A.His efforts got nowhere. B.He failed to get enough tickets.
C.His business suffered a great loss. D.He had to watch the Games alone.
3.What does the underlined word "infatuated" in paragraph 5 probably mean？
A.Upset. B.Ambitious. C.Interested. D.Surprised.
4.Who would be affected most without the audience in the Games according to Takishima？
A.The sponsors. B.The judges.
C.The Olympic officials. D.The athletes.
十、
Becoming a parent brings out the best in many animals. Although parenting is usually left to the females, males from many species go above and beyond to care for the offspring. Take anemone fish(海葵鱼) for example. In finding Nemo, Marlin swims over 1,000 miles from the Great Barrier Reef to Sydney to rescue his son Nemo, who has been caught by divers. In reality, anemone fish rarely move so far away from their home.
Despite their smaller size, the males help the females defend the nest, but only the male anemone fish take care of it. They use their fins as fans to provide a constant flow of oxygen and keep the surroundings clean. They also put a lot of effort in building the nest.
The eggs take about five days to hatch. During this important period, dads fan them to provide oxygen and remove the rubbish. They also pick up the eggs in their mouths and move them around to remove any bacteria. One of the biggest threats comes from female sticklebacks(刺鱼), who form organized groups and attack the nests to eat all the eggs.
Males defend the newborn fish and bring back the ones who move too far from the nest. Once the fish grow up, they become a little bit more independent and start to swim away. The dad swims after them, picks them up in his mouth, and spits them back into his nest. Eventually, he gets to the point where he can’t keep track of them and that’s when they separate.
Doting(溺爱的) fathers are not restricted to the world of fish. In some poison frog species, the dads also warn the moms when the young ones are hungry and need to be fed. It’s generally believed that moms are the caregivers. In fish and frogs, it’s actually more common for the dads to provide care.
1.What does the underlined word “offspring” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Children. B.Relatives. C.Friends. D.Colleagues.
2.What can we infer about male anemone fish
A.They take full responsibility for building the nest.
B.They are much larger than female anemone fish.
C.They are actually extremely excellent fathers.
D.They frequently make attacks on other fishes.
3.What does it mean when the dad can’t track its young fish
A.The dad can’t tend to the young fish. B.The young fish are already independent.
C.The living environment is worse. D.The dad is in a state of aging.
4.What can be the best title for the text
A.The Model Father in the Animal Kingdom B.The New Role of the Male Anemone Fish
C.The Really Caring Caregivers in Life D.A Strange Phenomenon in Nature
答案以及解析
一、
答案：1-4 CADA
解析：1.细节理解题。 根据第二段“Researchers investigated how 18-24-month-olds learn new words—in the context of words they already know well and those they don't. The findings help explain how children learn new words and suggest a new way that parents and carers could help boost language development.(研究人员调查了18到24个月大的婴儿是如何学习新单词的 在他们已经熟悉和不熟悉的单词的背景下。这一发现有助于解释儿童是如何学习新单词的，并提出了一种父母和看护者可以帮助促进语言发展的新方法）”可知，这项新研究的目的是更好地理解儿童的单词学习。故选C。2.推理判断题。 根据倒数第二段中“We had expected that a stronger knowledge of familiar words would be better for learning new words, but we found the opposite was true.”Dr Samuelson said.(“我们本以为， 对熟悉的词汇掌握得越深入， 对学习新单词就越有帮助，但结果却恰恰相反。”Samuelson博士说）”可推知，从Samuelson博士的话中可以推断出他们的发现出乎意料。故选A。3.词句猜测题。 根据倒数第二段中“This new study suggests another way we might be able to help boost children's ability to remember new word-object links-by teaching them in the context of other things that they are just learning.”以及画线词后文“but it is perhaps because the less well-known items don't compete with the new words as much”可知， 这项新研究提出了另一种方法， 我们可 能可以通过在孩子们刚刚学习的其他事物的背景下教孩子们，来帮助提高孩子们记住生词和物品的能力，后文but表示转折，说明这一方法似乎是不合理的，但这可能是因为不太知名的项目不与新单词竞争。故画线词意思是“不合理的”。A.Consistent一贯的；B.Encouraging鼓舞人心的；C.Impractical.不实际的；D.Unreasonable.不合理的。故选D。4.主旨大意题。 根据第一段“Children may learn new words better when they learn them in the context of other words they are just learning—according to a new research from the University of East Anglia.(根据东安格利亚大学的一项新研究， 如果孩子们把新单词放在他们刚刚学过的其他单词的背景下学习，他们可能会学得更好）”结合文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及研究发现把孩子们放到刚刚学习的其他事物的背景下，孩子们学习生词和认识物品的能力更好。可知，文章主要告诉我们不太熟悉的单词有助于孩子更好地学习。故选A。
二、
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.A; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“football is far and away the most popular sport..it was difficult for Moussambani to find a place to train consistently(持续地)”可知,在莫桑巴尼的祖国,足球是最受欢迎的运动。生活在这样一个对足球狂热的国家,莫桑巴尼很难找到一个可以持续练习游泳的地方。由此可知,莫桑巴尼的国家对游泳不够重视,这导致他无法得到正规的训练。(注:far and away用于形容词的比较级或最高级之前,意为“无疑地;显然地”。)
2.细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知,比赛当天,莫桑巴尼前50米游得很出色,可是在比赛后半段,他挣扎着浮在水面上,场外的人甚至都考虑跳进水里把他救出来。就在那时,他听到了人群的叫喊,鼓励他“加油,加油,加油”,这给了他完成比赛的力量。由此可知,莫桑巴尼很艰难地完成了比赛。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的内容可知,一位评论员说道:“这就是奥运会的意义所在。奥运会最重要的不是胜利,而是参与。生活中最重要的不是战胜别人,而是努力奋斗。”,而莫桑巴尼在奥运会中的表现正是“重在参与”的最好体现。由此可推知,在这位评论员看来,莫桑巴尼展现了奥运精神。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Moussambani hopes to grow the sport in his country.”可知,莫桑巴尼现在希望能在自己的国家推广游泳运动。
三、
答案：1-4 CDDB
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据第二段中的There's a word to describe the kind of future world which often appears in science fiction: dystopia. It means an imagined place where things are unpleasant or bad. The opposite is utopia.可知, utopia的反义词是dystopia, dystopia指一个阴暗悲惨的世界, 因而其反义词utopia意为"美好的世界", 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的There's more conflict in a world full of problems, and stories are interesting when there are a lot of problems to solve.可知, 反乌托邦的冲突更多, 当有很多问题需要解决时, 故事就会更有趣, 故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段The influence of science fiction can already be seen in modern research, says Professor Braden Allenby. He asks: "Why are people working on, for example, invisibility cloaks Well, Harry Potter uses the cloak, right "可知, 教授举哈利 波特的例子意在说明科幻小说对现代人的影响很大, 故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。全文主要阐述了科幻小说对我们生活的影响和作用, 故选B项。
四、
答案：1-4 ADCB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知.Raymond Flower在书中写道：“记录显示，加拿大的第一民族使用小的雪橇在营地之间运送财物和食物。”因此可以推断出，Raymond Flower是一位作家。2.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句和第三句可知，俯式雪橇与单雪橇的不同之处是俯式雪橇需要运动员在滑行时头部朝前方。3.细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，俯式雪橇数十年来受限于克雷斯塔滑道是因为其他地方的雪橇滑道不适合钢架的俯式雪橇。4.主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章介绍了雪橇运动在瑞土的发展。
五、
答案：1-4 DCDB
解析： 1.事实细节题。由第一段第一句“.....celebrated the harvest by enjoying a dinner with their friendly Indian neighbors.”可知选D。A选项时间不正确,文章没有提及第一次感恩节庆祝的时间。B选项文章未提及。C选项是原文的相反表述。
2.事实细节题。由第三段第二句“......about two dozens teachers went to the National Museum of the American Indian to learn a better way to teach the Thanksgiving story. ”可知。
3.细节推理题。由第五段第一句“......and state social-studies standards increasingly encourage students to look at history from multiple angles.”,可知变革即将来临,国家的社会研究标准越来越鼓励学生从多个角度看待历史,故选择D。
4.主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了美国课堂对感恩节的来历讲述不正确,教师忽略了史实中殖民者对美国印第安人的残忍行径,因此导致学生对感恩节来历的了解不准确和全面。因此,答案选B。
六、
答案：1-4 BDCC
解析：1.细节理解题。由第二段中的In the film, which is adapted from a short story by Chinese sci-fi writer Liu Cixin, the Earth is in danger of being destroyed by the dying Sun.可知,《流浪地球》这部电影改编自刘慈欣的小说, 讲述了太阳急剧老化, 地球面临被吞噬的危险的故事。故选B。
2.主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句This idea didn't come from nowhere.以及后面引用的诗句"The season called the White Dew begins tonight. Nowhere as in our native place is the moon bright."("露从今夜白, 月是故乡明。")可知, 本段介绍的是影片的文化背景。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的It was a time when many people had just made the hard journey back to their hometown.可知, 这部电影选择在中国农历新年的第一天上映, 是考虑到这个时候人们经过长途跋涉都回到了家乡, 更能引发人们共同的情感—乡愁。
4.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的"Films that can really express our cultural and spiritual core can be called Chinese sci-fi."可知, 郭帆认为, 中国电影应该要有我们自己的文化和精神核心, 这才是中国科幻电影的真正特点所在。
七、
答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.B; 4.C
解析：1.主旨大意题.根据文章第二段"What if these all-important individuals that we often take for granted(想当然)disappear from our lives "和最后一段"So the next time you think your teacher is being ‘mean' for trying to channel you in the right direction, imagine a life without him/her. We have a feeling it will not appear as rosy!"可知,文章主要谈了教师的重要性,故选A项.
2.细节理解题.根据文章第一段"But think about the discouraging task millions of educators face each day as they try to shape a group of often bad-tempered, wild kids into intelligent, well-rounded individuals. That surely has to be the toughest job in the world…!"可知,教师是世界上最具挑战性的工作之一,故选B项.
3.细节理解题.根据第二段"…Entitled ‘A World Without Teachers', its purpose was to inspire more young people to become teachers."可知"一个没有老师的世界"的目的是鼓励更多的人从事教学工作.故选B.
4.句意理解题.根据前面句子"So the next time you think your teacher is being ‘mean' for trying to channel you in the right direction, imagine a life without him/her."可知,世界上没有老师的生活是难以想象的,故选C项.
八、
答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段"Among the various art styles of dough figurines, Beijing's Dough Figurine Lang is a unique folk art, which is filled with the rich history and customs of the capital city.在众多的面人艺术风格中,北京面人郎是一种独特的民间艺术,它充满了首都丰富的历史和习俗。"可知面人郎的特别之处是它反映了北京的文化。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段"For this reason, during the making process, they are often mixed with additives to prevent them from breaking up, being eaten by insects or growing moldy.由于这个原因,在制作过程中,他们经常与添加剂混合,以防止他们破碎,被昆虫吃掉或发霉。"可知面人要添加添加剂的原因是以便更好地保存成品。故选D。
3.段落大意题。根据第三段" Lang Jiaziyu, born in 1995,is the third-generation inheritor of Dough Figurine Lang. When he was 15, he created Beijing Olympic Mascot-shaped dough figurines which were highly praised. He looks a bit more fashionable than other folk artisans. In his skilled hands, pop culture icons such as figures based on Marvel comics characters and Chinese mythological figure Nezha with smoky makeup, are resonating with young people.郎家子玉,1995年生,面人郎的第三代传人。15岁时,他创作了北京奥运会的面塑福娃,深受好评。他看起来比其他民间艺人更时尚一点。在他精湛的技艺下,漫威漫画人物、化着烟熏妆的中国神话人物哪吒等流行文化偶像都在年轻人中引起了共鸣。"可知第三段主要讲了郎家子玉作为工匠的成就。故选C。
4.目的意图题。阅读全文以及根据最后一段"Like most of the other intangible cultural heritage handicrafts in China, Dough Figurine Lang does not get as much attention from the public. Many young people are unwilling to take the time to master a skill that does not make money, which has led to a decline in the number of those who are devoted to the handicraft. Good handicrafts need the devotion of artisans from one generation to another.像中国大多数其他非物质文化遗产手工艺品一样,面人郎并没有得到公众的关注。很多年轻人不愿意花时间去掌握一项不赚钱的技能,这导致了从事这门手艺的人数下降。好的手工艺品需要一代又一代工匠的奉献。"可知本文主要介绍的是北京面人郎这种传统的中国民间艺术。所以目的是呼吁人们重视这种民间艺术。故选B。
九、
答案：1-4 DACD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段的“...so he intended to see the event in his home city of Tokyo. But when a ban on audience was announced, that dream was over.”可知，Kazunori Takishima的梦想是去现场观看东京奥运会的各项比赛。
2.推理判断题。根据第二、三段可，Kazunori Takishima花费了很多时间、精力和金钱去购买奥运会的门票，但是因为观众不能进场，所以他的努力都白费了。
3.词义猜测题。根据该词后面的“It inspired him so much that he has been going to the Olympics ever since.”可知，Kazunori Takishima从2005年开始第一次看到花样滑冰比赛，就立即购买了2006年意大利都灵奥运会的门票，他被迷住了，从那以后他就一直参加奥运会。因此可推断该词意为“着迷的”，与interested意思相近。
4.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“ ‘And it's the athletes that will suffer the most from the lack of support in the stands，’Takishima said.”可知，Takishima认为东京奥运会官员禁止观众现场观看受影响最大的是运动员们。
十、
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1. 根据第一段中Although parenting is usually left to the females, males from many species go above and beyond to care for the offspring.（虽然养育后代的工作通常是由雌性完成的，但许多物种的雄性也会不遗余力地照顾孩子），由语境以及parenting，care for可推测，许多物种的雄性也会不遗余力地照顾后代，因此offspring意为“后代，孩子”。故选A。
2. 根据第二段内容（尽管雄性海葵体型较小，但它们帮助雌性海葵保护巢穴，但只有雄性海葵鱼负责保护巢穴。它们用鳍作为风扇，提供恒定的氧气流，保持环境清洁。他们也在筑巢方面付出了很多努力。）以及第三段中说明了雄性海葵鱼在卵孵化期间保持卵蛋的清洁，保护他它们不被吃掉；第四段中说明雄性保护新生的鱼，并把那些离巢太远的鱼带回来。由以上推测出，雄性海葵鱼实际上是非常优秀的父亲。故选C。
3. 根据第四段中Once the fish grow up, they become a little bit more independent and start to swim away. The dad swims after them, picks them up in his mouth, and spits them back into his nest. Eventually, he gets to the point where he can't keep track of them and that's when they separate.（一旦鱼长大了，它们就会变得更加独立，开始游走。爸爸在它们后面游泳，用嘴叼起它们，然后把它们吐回巢里。最终，他无法跟踪他们，于是他们分开了。）可知，雄性海葵鱼找不到小鱼，这意味着小鱼长大，独立了。故选B。
4. 根据全文以及第一段中Becoming a parent brings out the best in many animals. Although parenting is usually left to the females, males from many species go above and beyond to care for the offspring. Take anemone fish(海葵鱼) for example.（为人父母激发出了许多动物最好的一面。虽然养育后代的工作通常是由雌性完成的，但许多物种的雄性也会不遗余力地照顾后代。以海葵鱼为例）可知，文章讲述了为人父母后，雄性动物也会不遗余力地照顾后代，并且以雄性海葵鱼为例，说明它是动物王国里的模范父亲。所以短文的最佳标题为“动物王国里的模范父亲”。故选A。
一、
Children may learn new words better when they learn them in the context of other words they are just learning—according to a new research from the University of East Anglia.
Researchers investigated how 18-24-month-olds learn new words—in the context of words they already know well and those they don’t. The findings help explain how children learn new words and suggest a new way that parents and carers could help boost language development.
Previous research suggests that when children hear a word they do not know and see an object they have never seen in the context of some objects that they can already name, such as a toy or a ball, they guess that the new word refers to the new thing.
Dr. Larissa Samuelson from the university wanted to know if the strength of a child’s knowledge of familiar things – how well they know what “cars” or “balls” are, for example – mattered for learning new words and remembering them. They asked 82 children to take part in the study and carry out two experiments among them. And then they got some really surprising findings.
"We had expected that a stronger knowledge of familiar words would be better for learning new words, but we found the opposite was true." Dr Samuelson said. "This new study suggests another way we might be able to help boost children’s ability to remember new word-object links—by teaching them in the context of other things that they are just learning."
It seems counterintuitive, but it is perhaps because the less well-known items don’t compete with the new words as much. If they learn new words in the context of playing with well-known items such as a ball or book, they don’t process the new word as much.
1.What is the purpose of the new research
A.To challenge the findings of previous studies. B.To observe the process of children's learning.
C.To better understand children's word learning. D.To compare children's different learning styles.
2.What can be inferred from Dr. Samuelson’s words
A.Their findings are out of expectation. B.Their research should focus on children.
C.We should be more patient with children. D.We need to provide guidance on learning.
3.What does the underlined word “counterintuitive” mean in the last paragraph
A.Consistent. B.Encouraging. C.Impractical. D.Unreasonable.
4.What does the text mainly tell us
A.Less familiar words help children learn better.
B.Word-object links contribute to better learning.
C.New research finds the secrets of raising children.
D.Children learn better with the help of their parents.
二、
The Olympic spirit is about a lot more than winning medals and setting records. Just look at the story of swimmer Eric Moussambani.
The Equatoguinean found his passion for swimming shortly after high school. Unfortunately, football is far and away the most popular sport in Moussambani's home country. Living in such a football-crazed country, it was difficult for Moussambani to find a place to train consistently(持续地).Eventually, he found a 13-meter-sized hotel pool that he only had access to three hours a week. On days he could not use the pool, he trained in rivers.
After about eight months of swimming, he gained entry into the 2000 Summer Olympics through a program where the International Olympic Committee gave wildcards to developing nations to promote their sport further. In Sydney, Moussambani saw an Olympic-sized swimming pool for the first time, which was so big that Moussambani said he was “so scared” to compete in it.
The day of the 100m freestyle came. Moussambani made an energetic start in the first 50 meters, but in the final half of the race, he struggled to stay afloat(漂浮着),so much so that those on the sidelines considered jumping in and helping him out of the water. “"It was then that I heard the crowd screaming and shouting, encouraging me to 'Go, go, go.' It gave me the strength to finish,”Moussambani said.
Moussambani finished the race with a time of 1:52.72, the slowest recorded time in Olympic history, but the fans did not care, cheering him as if he had broken the world record. “This is what the Olympics are all about," a commentator said. “The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not winning, but taking part. The essential thing in life is not defeating others, but fighting well," he said.
Moussambani serves as the national swim team coach for Equatorial Guinea now. Gone are the days when Equatoguinean swimmers needed to train in open water. They now have two Olympic-sized swimming pools. Moussambani hopes to grow the sport in his country.
1.Why did Moussambani fail to get proper swimming training
A.Swimming was not taken seriously in his country.
B.Swimming in rivers appealed to him.
C.He was busy with his schoolwork.
D.He could not afford it.
2.How did Moussambani do in the race
A.He was too scared to swim.
B.He quit at the first sign of trouble.
C.He finished with great difficulty.
D.He was pulled out of the water halfway.
3.What did the commentator think of Moussambani
A.He showed the Olympic spirit.
B.He was a talented swimmer.
C.He disappointed his fans.
D.He could have fought better.
4.What does Moussambani wish to do now
A.Build some Olympic-sized swimming pools.
B.Promote swimming in his country.
C.Coach the national swim team.
D.Win an Olympic medal.
三、
What will the future be like Good or bad A lot of science-fictional writing imagines a world which is dark and scary. In Blade Runner, Harrison Ford hunts robots in a chaotic(混乱的) Los Angeles. Planet of the Apes shows a hopeless future to humankind.
There's a word to describe the kind of future world which often appears in science fiction: dystopia. It means an imagined place where things are unpleasant or bad. The opposite is utopia. But does tomorrow's world have to be so disappointing
No. A new project wants to use the power of science fiction to inspire people to create a better future. Project Hieroglyph brings together writers, scientists, engineers and artists to create optimistic stories about things which really could happen in the next 50 years.
It's just a matter of making an effort. Experts say it's easier to create a dystopia than write a feel-good story. There's more conflict in a world full of problems, and stories are interesting when there are a lot of problems to solve. No challenge, no story!
But the project produced a book with some promising plots. One of them is about environmentalists who fight to stop entrepreneurs(创业者) from building the first hotel in Antarctica. Well, there's conflict and it seems reasonable, so it could be a good story.
But will these stories actually change something or just keep us entertained Ed Finn, the book's editor, thinks the former. He says: "A good science-fictional story can be very powerful. It can inspire hundreds, thousands, millions of people to do something that they want to do."
The influence of science fiction can already be seen in modern research, says Professor Braden Allenby. He asks: "Why are people working on, for example, invisibility cloaks(斗篷) Well, Harry Potter uses the cloak, right "
Time will tell how far we can go. Let's dream big and think outside the box. Who knows what wonderful things we can come up with
1.What does the underlined word "utopia" in Paragraph 2 most probably mean
A.A real world where people can do anything they like.
B.An imagined place where things are unpleasant or bad.
C.An imaginary perfect world where everyone is happy.
D.A wild and terrible place where no one can live happily.
2.Why do experts say "it's easier to create a dystopia than write a feel-good story"
A.A dystopia needs less imagination. B.A feel-good story is more interesting.
C.There is no conflict in a feel-good story. D.There are more problems to solve in a dystopia.
3.Why does Professor Braden Allenby take "invisibility cloaks" as an example
A.To catch readers' attention. B.To amuse science fiction readers.
C.To introduce a science-fictional story. D.To show the influence of science fiction.
4.What is the best title for the passage
A.What Is Science Fiction B.Can Science Fiction Help Us
C.What Will Man Do in the Future D.Shall We Live a Better Life in the Future
四、
Tobogganing, or sledding (雪橇), likely comes before the colonization of North America. Records show that Canada's First Peoples used small sleds to transport their belongings and food between camps, Raymond Flower writes in The History of Skiing and Other Winter Sports. But modern-day sled races can trace their origins back to the Swiss Alps in the late 1800s when British tourists decided to race in wooden luges (a sled used by one person) that locals had used to travel through snow. The origin is debatable in snowy northern New York, however, where there's evidence that Albany held bobsled (a sled used by two or more people) races as early as 1885.
Wherever they began, sled races quickly became popular. The famous Cresta Run, named after the Swiss town near the base of its course, was built in 1885 using snowbanks. The first organized competition was in 1898, hosted by the first bobsled club in nearby St. Moritz (a city in Switzerland). It was then that sledding began to separate from the luge to include two new sports: bob sledding, and skeleton sledding (俯式雪橇).
Cresta Run is considered the birthplace of the skeleton, a particularly daring form of sled-ding. Unlike the luge, where competitors ride feet-first on a sled with metal runners, the skeleton sledding is a steel sled with a slim appearance. Riders lie down on the sled headfirst, then drop suddenly down an ice track. Bobsledding, meanwhile, involves teams of two to four in which the person in front controls directions and the player in back brakes when needed. It earned its name after competitors started swinging back and forth to speed up the sled.
Bobsledding initially overtook skeleton sledding in popularity, becoming one of a handful of sports played at the first Winter Games in 1924. The skeleton sledding was limited to the Cresta Run for decades because other bob runs around the world were not built for the steel skeleton sled. But in the 1970s, adjustments were made to both the skeleton and bob runs in order to include the event at future winter games.
1.What can we infer about Raymond Flower
A. He is a writer. B.He is good at sledding.
C. He invented the sledding race. D.He set the first record of sledding.
2. How does skeleton sledding differ from the luge
A. Skeleton sledding runs on metal runners.
B. Skeleton sledding doesn't have back brakes.
C. Riders on Skeleton sledding sled with their feet.
D.Skeleton sledding needs players to lie down on it headfirst.
3. What limited the popularity of skeleton sledding
A. Its special shape. B. Its speed.
C. Its steel runners. D. Its unsuitable adjustments.
4.What can be the best title for the text
A. Why is sledding so popular B. How did sledding develop in Switzerland
C.What are sledding adventures about D.How did people kill time in North America
五、
If you learned about Thanksgiving in an American elementary school, chances are that the holiday is in honor of how the Pilgrim(清教徒) of Plymouth, Mass, celebrated the harvest by enjoying a dinner with their friendly Indian neighbors. This story is inspired by a real 1621 meal, which reflects neither the 17th century nor the 21st century understanding of it.
An 1889 novel that described Thanksgiving as an outdoor feast became a best-seller. The growing ad industry helped spread popular images of the tale. By the 1920s, Thanksgiving was the most talked-about holiday in U.S. classrooms. The parts that made the colonists(殖民者) look bad were left out.
However, many classrooms are beginning to change. And on a recent Saturday morning in Washington D.C., about two dozens teachers went to the National Museum of the American Indian to learn a better way to teach the Thanksgiving story. When Gokey, the museum’s teacher-services worker, explained that early Thanksgivings celebrated the burning of a Pequot village in 1637 and the killing of Wampanoag leader Massasoit’s son, listeners felt shocked.
"I look back now and realize I was teaching a lot of wrong facts and ideas,” Tonia Parker, a second-grade teacher told TIME.
Teachers like the ones at the workshop know that change is coming, and state social-studies standards increasingly encourage students to look at history from multiple angles. Moreover, teaching a better lesson about thankfulness is something anyone can support.
At the workshop in Washington, after learning something new, participants learned to say Wado. That Cherokee word means “Thank you”.
1.What did Americans learn about Thanksgiving from the elementary school
A.It was first celebrated in 1889.
B.It was a family feast for the Pilgrims.
C.It reflected the real history of the 17th century.
D.It showed the friendship between the Pilgrims and Indians.
2.Why did some teachers go to the National Museum of the American Indian
A.To confirm the importance of the holiday.
B.To prepare for the changing of the classroom.
C.To find a more appropriate way to teach Thanksgiving.
D.To correct their misunderstanding about Thanksgiving.
3.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs
A.Wado means “Thank you ”in Cherokee.
B.Lessons about thankfulness are increasingly popular.
C.Participants at the workshop learned to support each other.
D.Students are encouraged to see history from different aspects.
4.What would be the best title of the text
A.The Importance of Thanksgiving Education
B.Thanksgiving: a Holiday with a Hidden Truth
C.Thanksgiving: a Holiday Popularized by a Novel
D.The Reform of Education in American Classrooms
六、
In many—even most—space-themed films, whenever the Earth faces a disaster, the solution is always leaving the planet by spaceship. But an amazing Chinese sci-fi movie, The Wandering Earth, offers a different idea.
In the film, which is adapted from a short story by Chinese sci-fi writer Liu Cixin, the Earth is in danger of being destroyed by the dying Sun. Humans around the world work together to build a huge engine system that will push the Earth away from the Sun. Instead of leaving the Earth behind, this time we're taking it with us.
This idea didn't come from nowhere. For thousands of years, Chinese people have had a special emotion towards their "homeland" in their hearts and minds. One old saying is "luo ye gui gen", which means returning to one's homeland in old age, like fallen leaves returning to the roots of their trees. Or look at an ancient poem: "The season called the White Dew(白露) begins tonight. Nowhere as in our native place is the moon so bright." These both show the strong relationship that Chinese people have had with their homeland.
This is probably what sets The Wandering Earth apart from Hollywood-style space films. "What Chinese sci-fi " Guo Fan, the film's director, said in an interview. "Films that can really express our cultural and spiritual core(精神核心) can be called Chinese sci-fi. Otherwise, we're just copying others and telling the same American stories."
And the makers of The Wandering Earth may have chosen the best time to tell the Chinese sci-fi story. The film was screened on Feb 5, the first day of Chinese New Year in 2019. It was a time when many people had just made the hard journey back to their hometown. So to them, there is only one possible way to tell the story: The Earth goes wherever humans go, because it's our home.
1.What can we know about The Wandering Earth from the passage
A.It follows the latest film fashion. B.It is based on Liu Cixin's book.
C.It is a film copying foreign movies. D.It offers us a new experience of watching films.
2.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A.The suitable season when the film was screened.
B.The famous poems mentioned in the film.
C.The common points between Chinese films and foreign films.
D.The cultural background of the film.
3.Why did the makers choose the first day of Chinese New Year to put on the film
A.It was the Spring Festival and many people had time to see it.
B.Many old people wanted to return to their hometown.
C.It can arouse many people's common feelings at that time.
D.Chinese people usually celebrate together on that day.
4.What can we infer from Guo Fan's words
A.The American sci-fi fails to express its culture.
B.The Wandering Earth tells a foreign story.
C.Chinese sci-fi films should have their own features.
D.Sci-fi films should express certain spiritual cores.
七、
If you make a list of the world’s top ten most challenging jobs, chances are that being a teacher will not make the cut. But think about the discouraging task millions of educators face each day as they try to shape a group of often bad-tempered, wild kids into intelligent, well-rounded individuals. That surely has to be the toughest job in the world, especially given that there is no promotion or bonus awaiting them even if they are wildly successful!
What if these all-important individuals that we often take for granted disappear from our lives That was what Project Ed and Participant Media’s Teach campaign asked filmmakers of all ages to imagine in their recently-held competition. Entitled “A World Without Teachers”, its purpose was to inspire more young people to become teachers. However, the 62 amazing video submissions also serve as a reminder of how horrible things would be if we didn’t have these selfless individuals guiding us through life. What was interesting is that even the youngest participants did not appear to be happy at the idea of not having anybody telling them what to do.
High-school student Savannah Wakefield reflected if art as we know it today would have been different without teachers. Would Monet have discovered his talent for impressionism Los Angeles-based Miles Horst, who won the 1000 USD prize for the best adult submission imagines a world where teachers are replaced by a “brain box” in his fun lively entry.
Youth category winner Marina Barham’s video represents a fact we all know but often forget. Teachers don’t just teach, they inspire—something that no electronic device, no matter how smart, can do! So the next time you think your teacher is being “mean” for trying to channel you in the right direction, imagine a life without him/her. We have a feeling it will not appear as rosy!
1.What is the text mainly about
A.The significance of teachers.
B.The campaign to promote teachers’ status.
C.A survey of people’s views about teachers.
D.A competition to win the prize for the best teacher.
2.From the passage we can learn that ________.
A.teaching naughty kids is a very discouraging task
B.being a teacher is one of the most challenging jobs in the world
C.a successful teacher has the greatest chance to be promoted
D.teachers have little influence on kids’ individual development
3.What is the purpose of the project “A World Without Teachers”
A.To attract kids to submit more videos of their teachers.
B.To encourage more people to go into teaching career.
C.To expect teachers to devote themselves to their jobs.
D.To remind students to appreciate teachers’ hard work.
4.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 suggest
A.Teaching is quite different from other jobs.
B.The future of teachers’ work appears inspiring.
C.A world without teachers will be unimaginable.
D.Many people attach more importance to teaching.
八、
Chinese people love food made of flour, whether it be dumplings, or flatbread. In the hands of skilled artisans (手艺人),flour is made into lovely models of people or animals to be enjoyed and played with, which brings a unique kind of pleasure. This art form is called dough figurine (面塑).Among the various art styles of dough figurines, Beijing's Dough Figurine Lang is a unique folk art, which is filled with the rich history and customs of the capital city; Their delicate and lovely handicrafts are storytellers of old and new Beijing. In 2008, it was included in the list of national intangible cultural heritage.
It was created by Lang Shao'an. Most of the dough figurines are animals and characters from legends, historical stories, and local operas. The finished product is either put at the end of a thin stick, or on a table for display. Some are mostly for children to eat or play with, with simple forms and vivid decorations, while some are delicate pieces of artwork for display only. For this reason, during the making process, they are often mixed with additives (添加剂)to prevent them from breaking up, being eaten by insects or growing moldy. Over the course of his long career, Lang Shao'an developed a set of skilled fingers with an elegant artistic sense.
Lang Jiaziyu, born in 1995, is the third-generation inheritor of Dough Figurine Lang. When he was 15, he created Beijing Olympic Mascot-shaped dough figurines which were highly praised. He looks a bit more fashionable than other folk artisans. In his skilled hands, pop culture icons such as figures based on Marvel comics characters and Chinese mythological figure Nezha with smoky makeup, are resonating with young people.
Like most of the other intangible cultural heritage handicrafts in China, Dough Figurine Lang does not get as much attention from the public. Many young people are unwilling to take the time to master a skill that does not make money, which has led to a decline in the number of those who are devoted to the handicraft. Good handicrafts need the devotion of artisans from one generation to another.
1.What is special about Dough Figurine Lang
A.It reflects Beijing's culture. B.It is created by many famous artists.
C.It shows people's lifestyles and beliefs. D.It is popular with both tourists and the locals.
2.Why do artisans add additives to dough figurines
A.To make dough figurines taste good. B.To keep colors brighter and last longer.
C.To help shape dough into various forms. D.To better preserve the finished products.
3.What is the third paragraph mainly about
A.Suggestions for other folk artisans. B.Different art styles of dough figurines.
C.Lang Jiaziyu's achievements as an artisan. D.The popularity of modem dough figurines.
4.What is the main purpose of the passage
A.To call on people to master a skill.
B.To appeal to people to value this folk art.
C.To teach people ways to appreciate the handicraft.
D.To persuade people to protect national cultural heritage.
九、
Karunori Takishima has been traveling the world to support Japan at every Olympie Cames for the past 15 years, so he intended to see the event in his home city of Tokyo. But when a ban on audience was announced, that dream was over.
He had spent nearly $40,000 on 197 tickets for him and his friends to see as many events as possible during Tokyo 2020, which started on July 23.
"It took an unbelievable amount of time, effort, and passion."Takishima told CNN." But I was so passionate about the Olympics that even though it was very difficult and challenging. I enjoyed the process of buying the tickets."
The 45-year-old businessman worked out that if he watched all the events he had booked, he would have broken the Guinness World Record for attendance at Olympic events. He got a refund（退款）on the tickets he had purchased.
Takishima's love for the Olympics started in 2005 when he saw a figure skating competition for the first time and immediately bought tickets for the 2006 Torino Olympics in Italy. He was infatuated. It inspired him so much that he has been going to the Olympics ever since.
But this year, only members of the media and the selected people were allowed to watch the events. The decision by Olympic officials to ban audience was designed to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
"And it's the athletes that will suffer the most from the lack of support in the stands，"Takishima said.
"It's a great loss when your family can't come，"Takishima said." So I hope everyone will at least cheer for them in front of the TV."
Despite his disappointment, he said the experience wouldn't stop him from being an Olympic superfan."I will continue to visit and support the Olympics until the day I die，"Takishima said." While I'm still able to move. I plan to see all the Cames from the opening to the closing ceremonies."
1.What was Kazunori Takishima's dream？
A.To break the Guinness World Record.
B.To support Japan at every Olympic Games.
C.To compete in the Olympic Games as an athlete.
D.To watch the Tokyo Olympic Games on the scene.
2.What problem did Kazunori Takishima meet with？
A.His efforts got nowhere. B.He failed to get enough tickets.
C.His business suffered a great loss. D.He had to watch the Games alone.
3.What does the underlined word "infatuated" in paragraph 5 probably mean？
A.Upset. B.Ambitious. C.Interested. D.Surprised.
4.Who would be affected most without the audience in the Games according to Takishima？
A.The sponsors. B.The judges.
C.The Olympic officials. D.The athletes.
十、
Becoming a parent brings out the best in many animals. Although parenting is usually left to the females, males from many species go above and beyond to care for the offspring. Take anemone fish(海葵鱼) for example. In finding Nemo, Marlin swims over 1,000 miles from the Great Barrier Reef to Sydney to rescue his son Nemo, who has been caught by divers. In reality, anemone fish rarely move so far away from their home.
Despite their smaller size, the males help the females defend the nest, but only the male anemone fish take care of it. They use their fins as fans to provide a constant flow of oxygen and keep the surroundings clean. They also put a lot of effort in building the nest.
The eggs take about five days to hatch. During this important period, dads fan them to provide oxygen and remove the rubbish. They also pick up the eggs in their mouths and move them around to remove any bacteria. One of the biggest threats comes from female sticklebacks(刺鱼), who form organized groups and attack the nests to eat all the eggs.
Males defend the newborn fish and bring back the ones who move too far from the nest. Once the fish grow up, they become a little bit more independent and start to swim away. The dad swims after them, picks them up in his mouth, and spits them back into his nest. Eventually, he gets to the point where he can’t keep track of them and that’s when they separate.
Doting(溺爱的) fathers are not restricted to the world of fish. In some poison frog species, the dads also warn the moms when the young ones are hungry and need to be fed. It’s generally believed that moms are the caregivers. In fish and frogs, it’s actually more common for the dads to provide care.
1.What does the underlined word “offspring” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Children. B.Relatives. C.Friends. D.Colleagues.
2.What can we infer about male anemone fish
A.They take full responsibility for building the nest.
B.They are much larger than female anemone fish.
C.They are actually extremely excellent fathers.
D.They frequently make attacks on other fishes.
3.What does it mean when the dad can’t track its young fish
A.The dad can’t tend to the young fish. B.The young fish are already independent.
C.The living environment is worse. D.The dad is in a state of aging.
4.What can be the best title for the text
A.The Model Father in the Animal Kingdom B.The New Role of the Male Anemone Fish
C.The Really Caring Caregivers in Life D.A Strange Phenomenon in Nature
答案以及解析
一、
答案：1-4 CADA
解析：1.细节理解题。 根据第二段“Researchers investigated how 18-24-month-olds learn new words—in the context of words they already know well and those they don't. The findings help explain how children learn new words and suggest a new way that parents and carers could help boost language development.(研究人员调查了18到24个月大的婴儿是如何学习新单词的 在他们已经熟悉和不熟悉的单词的背景下。这一发现有助于解释儿童是如何学习新单词的，并提出了一种父母和看护者可以帮助促进语言发展的新方法）”可知，这项新研究的目的是更好地理解儿童的单词学习。故选C。2.推理判断题。 根据倒数第二段中“We had expected that a stronger knowledge of familiar words would be better for learning new words, but we found the opposite was true.”Dr Samuelson said.(“我们本以为， 对熟悉的词汇掌握得越深入， 对学习新单词就越有帮助，但结果却恰恰相反。”Samuelson博士说）”可推知，从Samuelson博士的话中可以推断出他们的发现出乎意料。故选A。3.词句猜测题。 根据倒数第二段中“This new study suggests another way we might be able to help boost children's ability to remember new word-object links-by teaching them in the context of other things that they are just learning.”以及画线词后文“but it is perhaps because the less well-known items don't compete with the new words as much”可知， 这项新研究提出了另一种方法， 我们可 能可以通过在孩子们刚刚学习的其他事物的背景下教孩子们，来帮助提高孩子们记住生词和物品的能力，后文but表示转折，说明这一方法似乎是不合理的，但这可能是因为不太知名的项目不与新单词竞争。故画线词意思是“不合理的”。A.Consistent一贯的；B.Encouraging鼓舞人心的；C.Impractical.不实际的；D.Unreasonable.不合理的。故选D。4.主旨大意题。 根据第一段“Children may learn new words better when they learn them in the context of other words they are just learning—according to a new research from the University of East Anglia.(根据东安格利亚大学的一项新研究， 如果孩子们把新单词放在他们刚刚学过的其他单词的背景下学习，他们可能会学得更好）”结合文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及研究发现把孩子们放到刚刚学习的其他事物的背景下，孩子们学习生词和认识物品的能力更好。可知，文章主要告诉我们不太熟悉的单词有助于孩子更好地学习。故选A。
二、
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.A; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“football is far and away the most popular sport..it was difficult for Moussambani to find a place to train consistently(持续地)”可知,在莫桑巴尼的祖国,足球是最受欢迎的运动。生活在这样一个对足球狂热的国家,莫桑巴尼很难找到一个可以持续练习游泳的地方。由此可知,莫桑巴尼的国家对游泳不够重视,这导致他无法得到正规的训练。(注:far and away用于形容词的比较级或最高级之前,意为“无疑地;显然地”。)
2.细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知,比赛当天,莫桑巴尼前50米游得很出色,可是在比赛后半段,他挣扎着浮在水面上,场外的人甚至都考虑跳进水里把他救出来。就在那时,他听到了人群的叫喊,鼓励他“加油,加油,加油”,这给了他完成比赛的力量。由此可知,莫桑巴尼很艰难地完成了比赛。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的内容可知,一位评论员说道:“这就是奥运会的意义所在。奥运会最重要的不是胜利,而是参与。生活中最重要的不是战胜别人,而是努力奋斗。”,而莫桑巴尼在奥运会中的表现正是“重在参与”的最好体现。由此可推知,在这位评论员看来,莫桑巴尼展现了奥运精神。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Moussambani hopes to grow the sport in his country.”可知,莫桑巴尼现在希望能在自己的国家推广游泳运动。
三、
答案：1-4 CDDB
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据第二段中的There's a word to describe the kind of future world which often appears in science fiction: dystopia. It means an imagined place where things are unpleasant or bad. The opposite is utopia.可知, utopia的反义词是dystopia, dystopia指一个阴暗悲惨的世界, 因而其反义词utopia意为"美好的世界", 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的There's more conflict in a world full of problems, and stories are interesting when there are a lot of problems to solve.可知, 反乌托邦的冲突更多, 当有很多问题需要解决时, 故事就会更有趣, 故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段The influence of science fiction can already be seen in modern research, says Professor Braden Allenby. He asks: "Why are people working on, for example, invisibility cloaks Well, Harry Potter uses the cloak, right "可知, 教授举哈利 波特的例子意在说明科幻小说对现代人的影响很大, 故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。全文主要阐述了科幻小说对我们生活的影响和作用, 故选B项。
四、
答案：1-4 ADCB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知.Raymond Flower在书中写道：“记录显示，加拿大的第一民族使用小的雪橇在营地之间运送财物和食物。”因此可以推断出，Raymond Flower是一位作家。2.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句和第三句可知，俯式雪橇与单雪橇的不同之处是俯式雪橇需要运动员在滑行时头部朝前方。3.细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，俯式雪橇数十年来受限于克雷斯塔滑道是因为其他地方的雪橇滑道不适合钢架的俯式雪橇。4.主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章介绍了雪橇运动在瑞土的发展。
五、
答案：1-4 DCDB
解析： 1.事实细节题。由第一段第一句“.....celebrated the harvest by enjoying a dinner with their friendly Indian neighbors.”可知选D。A选项时间不正确,文章没有提及第一次感恩节庆祝的时间。B选项文章未提及。C选项是原文的相反表述。
2.事实细节题。由第三段第二句“......about two dozens teachers went to the National Museum of the American Indian to learn a better way to teach the Thanksgiving story. ”可知。
3.细节推理题。由第五段第一句“......and state social-studies standards increasingly encourage students to look at history from multiple angles.”,可知变革即将来临,国家的社会研究标准越来越鼓励学生从多个角度看待历史,故选择D。
4.主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了美国课堂对感恩节的来历讲述不正确,教师忽略了史实中殖民者对美国印第安人的残忍行径,因此导致学生对感恩节来历的了解不准确和全面。因此,答案选B。
六、
答案：1-4 BDCC
解析：1.细节理解题。由第二段中的In the film, which is adapted from a short story by Chinese sci-fi writer Liu Cixin, the Earth is in danger of being destroyed by the dying Sun.可知,《流浪地球》这部电影改编自刘慈欣的小说, 讲述了太阳急剧老化, 地球面临被吞噬的危险的故事。故选B。
2.主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句This idea didn't come from nowhere.以及后面引用的诗句"The season called the White Dew begins tonight. Nowhere as in our native place is the moon bright."("露从今夜白, 月是故乡明。")可知, 本段介绍的是影片的文化背景。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的It was a time when many people had just made the hard journey back to their hometown.可知, 这部电影选择在中国农历新年的第一天上映, 是考虑到这个时候人们经过长途跋涉都回到了家乡, 更能引发人们共同的情感—乡愁。
4.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的"Films that can really express our cultural and spiritual core can be called Chinese sci-fi."可知, 郭帆认为, 中国电影应该要有我们自己的文化和精神核心, 这才是中国科幻电影的真正特点所在。
七、
答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.B; 4.C
解析：1.主旨大意题.根据文章第二段"What if these all-important individuals that we often take for granted(想当然)disappear from our lives "和最后一段"So the next time you think your teacher is being ‘mean' for trying to channel you in the right direction, imagine a life without him/her. We have a feeling it will not appear as rosy!"可知,文章主要谈了教师的重要性,故选A项.
2.细节理解题.根据文章第一段"But think about the discouraging task millions of educators face each day as they try to shape a group of often bad-tempered, wild kids into intelligent, well-rounded individuals. That surely has to be the toughest job in the world…!"可知,教师是世界上最具挑战性的工作之一,故选B项.
3.细节理解题.根据第二段"…Entitled ‘A World Without Teachers', its purpose was to inspire more young people to become teachers."可知"一个没有老师的世界"的目的是鼓励更多的人从事教学工作.故选B.
4.句意理解题.根据前面句子"So the next time you think your teacher is being ‘mean' for trying to channel you in the right direction, imagine a life without him/her."可知,世界上没有老师的生活是难以想象的,故选C项.
八、
答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段"Among the various art styles of dough figurines, Beijing's Dough Figurine Lang is a unique folk art, which is filled with the rich history and customs of the capital city.在众多的面人艺术风格中,北京面人郎是一种独特的民间艺术,它充满了首都丰富的历史和习俗。"可知面人郎的特别之处是它反映了北京的文化。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段"For this reason, during the making process, they are often mixed with additives to prevent them from breaking up, being eaten by insects or growing moldy.由于这个原因,在制作过程中,他们经常与添加剂混合,以防止他们破碎,被昆虫吃掉或发霉。"可知面人要添加添加剂的原因是以便更好地保存成品。故选D。
3.段落大意题。根据第三段" Lang Jiaziyu, born in 1995,is the third-generation inheritor of Dough Figurine Lang. When he was 15, he created Beijing Olympic Mascot-shaped dough figurines which were highly praised. He looks a bit more fashionable than other folk artisans. In his skilled hands, pop culture icons such as figures based on Marvel comics characters and Chinese mythological figure Nezha with smoky makeup, are resonating with young people.郎家子玉,1995年生,面人郎的第三代传人。15岁时,他创作了北京奥运会的面塑福娃,深受好评。他看起来比其他民间艺人更时尚一点。在他精湛的技艺下,漫威漫画人物、化着烟熏妆的中国神话人物哪吒等流行文化偶像都在年轻人中引起了共鸣。"可知第三段主要讲了郎家子玉作为工匠的成就。故选C。
4.目的意图题。阅读全文以及根据最后一段"Like most of the other intangible cultural heritage handicrafts in China, Dough Figurine Lang does not get as much attention from the public. Many young people are unwilling to take the time to master a skill that does not make money, which has led to a decline in the number of those who are devoted to the handicraft. Good handicrafts need the devotion of artisans from one generation to another.像中国大多数其他非物质文化遗产手工艺品一样,面人郎并没有得到公众的关注。很多年轻人不愿意花时间去掌握一项不赚钱的技能,这导致了从事这门手艺的人数下降。好的手工艺品需要一代又一代工匠的奉献。"可知本文主要介绍的是北京面人郎这种传统的中国民间艺术。所以目的是呼吁人们重视这种民间艺术。故选B。
九、
答案：1-4 DACD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段的“...so he intended to see the event in his home city of Tokyo. But when a ban on audience was announced, that dream was over.”可知，Kazunori Takishima的梦想是去现场观看东京奥运会的各项比赛。
2.推理判断题。根据第二、三段可，Kazunori Takishima花费了很多时间、精力和金钱去购买奥运会的门票，但是因为观众不能进场，所以他的努力都白费了。
3.词义猜测题。根据该词后面的“It inspired him so much that he has been going to the Olympics ever since.”可知，Kazunori Takishima从2005年开始第一次看到花样滑冰比赛，就立即购买了2006年意大利都灵奥运会的门票，他被迷住了，从那以后他就一直参加奥运会。因此可推断该词意为“着迷的”，与interested意思相近。
4.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“ ‘And it's the athletes that will suffer the most from the lack of support in the stands，’Takishima said.”可知，Takishima认为东京奥运会官员禁止观众现场观看受影响最大的是运动员们。
十、
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1. 根据第一段中Although parenting is usually left to the females, males from many species go above and beyond to care for the offspring.（虽然养育后代的工作通常是由雌性完成的，但许多物种的雄性也会不遗余力地照顾孩子），由语境以及parenting，care for可推测，许多物种的雄性也会不遗余力地照顾后代，因此offspring意为“后代，孩子”。故选A。
2. 根据第二段内容（尽管雄性海葵体型较小，但它们帮助雌性海葵保护巢穴，但只有雄性海葵鱼负责保护巢穴。它们用鳍作为风扇，提供恒定的氧气流，保持环境清洁。他们也在筑巢方面付出了很多努力。）以及第三段中说明了雄性海葵鱼在卵孵化期间保持卵蛋的清洁，保护他它们不被吃掉；第四段中说明雄性保护新生的鱼，并把那些离巢太远的鱼带回来。由以上推测出，雄性海葵鱼实际上是非常优秀的父亲。故选C。
3. 根据第四段中Once the fish grow up, they become a little bit more independent and start to swim away. The dad swims after them, picks them up in his mouth, and spits them back into his nest. Eventually, he gets to the point where he can't keep track of them and that's when they separate.（一旦鱼长大了，它们就会变得更加独立，开始游走。爸爸在它们后面游泳，用嘴叼起它们，然后把它们吐回巢里。最终，他无法跟踪他们，于是他们分开了。）可知，雄性海葵鱼找不到小鱼，这意味着小鱼长大，独立了。故选B。
4. 根据全文以及第一段中Becoming a parent brings out the best in many animals. Although parenting is usually left to the females, males from many species go above and beyond to care for the offspring. Take anemone fish(海葵鱼) for example.（为人父母激发出了许多动物最好的一面。虽然养育后代的工作通常是由雌性完成的，但许多物种的雄性也会不遗余力地照顾后代。以海葵鱼为例）可知，文章讲述了为人父母后，雄性动物也会不遗余力地照顾后代，并且以雄性海葵鱼为例，说明它是动物王国里的模范父亲。所以短文的最佳标题为“动物王国里的模范父亲”。故选A。