人教版（2019） 必修第三册 Unit 4 Space Exploration 单词及重点句式课件（共48张PPT）

(共48张PPT)
u n i t 4
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02
03
04
Listeng and Speaking
Reading and Thinking
Useful Structures
Reading for Writing
01
PART ONE
Listening and Speaking
1. mental　adj.精神的；思想的
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[搭配] mental development 　　　　 智力发展
mental health/problems 心理健康/心理问题
physical and mental health 身心健康
[例句]
There is no doubt that taking exercise is good to mental development.
毫无疑问，锻炼对智力发展有好处。
[同根词] mentally adv. 精神上地；智力上地
[搭配] an intelligent student　　　　 一位聪明的学生
[例句]
First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
首先，你必须足够聪明才能获得相关的大学学位。
[同根词] intelligence n. 智慧，智力
intelligence test 智力测试
2.intelligent 　adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
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02
PART TWO
Reading and Thinking
[搭配] determine to do sth. 决定做某事
determine on/upon (doing)... 决定(做)……
determine that... 决定……
determine sb. to do sth. 某人决定做某事
[例句]
However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.
然而，一些科学家下定决心要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。
3. determine vt. 决定；确定；下决心
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[同根词] determined　adj. 坚决的；有决心的；意志坚定的
be determined to do sth.　　 决心做某事(表示状态)
determination n. 决心，决定
3. determine vt. 决定；确定；下决心
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[搭配] launch an activity　　　　 发起一项活动
launch a satellite 发射一颗卫星　　　
[例句]
This morning's launch of the space plane Columbia has been put off.
定于今天上午“哥伦比亚号”航天飞机的发射已经被推迟了。
4. launch 　vt. & n．发射；发起；上市
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5.1 orbit n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的）轨道；势力范围
[搭配] in orbit 在轨道上
go into orbit 进入轨道
put/send...into orbit 将...送入轨道
5.2 orbit v. 沿轨道运行；环绕......运行
[搭配] orbit the earth 绕地球运行
[例句] Astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit.
5. orbit n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的）轨道；势力范围 v. 沿轨道运行；环绕......运行
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[搭配] transmit sth. from ...to... 把某物从......传递到...
[例句]
As computer scientists,my colleagues and I have focused on devices that transmit and display information more directly.
[同根词] transmission n. 传输；节目播送
6. transmit v. 传输；发送
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[搭配] be disappointed at/by...　　　　 因……感到失望
be disappointed to do sth. 做某事感到失望
be disappointed with/in sb. 对某人失望
[例句]
He was disappointed to find his suggestion turned down.
他失望地发现他的建议被拒绝了。
7. disappointed　adj.失望的；沮丧的
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[同根词] disappoint vt. 使失望
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
disappointedly adv. 失望地
disappointment n. 失望
to one's disappointment 使某人感到失望的是
in disappointment＝disappointedly 失望地
7. disappointed　adj.失望的；沮丧的
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8. 1 desire 　n.渴望；欲望
[搭配] a desire to do sth. 做某事的欲望
a desire for sth. 对...地渴望
express/show a desire to do sth. 表达做某事的欲望
have no desire to do sth. 没有欲望做某事
[例句] Knowing that a Chinese painting exhibition will be held, I'm writing to express my desire to be a volunteer.
得知将举办一场国画展，我写信表达我想成为一名志愿者的愿望。
8. desire 　n.渴望；欲望　vt.渴望；期望
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8. 2 desire 　vt.渴望；期望
[搭配] desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
if desired 如果需要的话
desire that...(should) do... 渴望...（应该）做...
[例句] The government desired that the public should pay attention to protecting the environment.
政府希望公众注意保护环境。
8. desire 　n.渴望；欲望　vt.渴望；期望
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[搭配] 　carry on (with) sth.　　　　　 继续某事
carry on doing sth. 继续做某事
carry out 执行；实施
carry through 贯彻；使度过难关
carry away 拿走；冲走；掠走
carry about 随身携带
[例句] We carry on doing a lot of exercises after finishing the homework.
完成家庭作业后我们继续做大量的练习。
9. carry on　继续做，坚持干
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[搭配] go on board　　　　　　 上船(上火车； 上飞机)
go/get aboard (the ship/plane/train) 上(船/飞机/火车)
[例句] The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain seated.
飞行员要求机上所有乘客在座位上坐好。
10. on board　在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
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11.signal　vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号
[搭配] signal (to) sb.to do sth. 示意某人做某事
signal (sb.) that... 示意(某人)……
[例句] This signalled one step further in China's plan to establish a space station in the future.
这标志着中国未来建设空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。
11.signal　vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号　n．信号；标志
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11.signal　n．信号；标志
[搭配] a traffic signal　　　　　　　 交通信号
send out a signal 发出信号
[例句] When you come across the crossing, you should pay attention to the traffic signals.
当你过十字路口时，应该注意交通信号灯。
11.signal　vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号　n．信号；标志
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[搭配] hope to do sth. 希望做某事
beyond hope　　　　　　　 毫无希望
give up all hope 放弃一切希望
in the hope that... 希望……
[例句] I don't think you ought to give up all hope of becoming a professional singer.
我认为你不应该放弃成为一名职业歌手的所有希望。
12.in the hope of doing sth.　抱着……的希望
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[搭配] in order to　　　　　　　 为了
so that 以便
[例句]
He often worked late into night in order to earn enough money.
为了挣足够的钱，他经常工作到深夜。
13. so as to (do sth.)　为了；以便
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03
PART THREE
Useful Structures
一、动词不定式的时态和语态
主动语态 被动语态 意义
一般时 to do to be done 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后
完成时 to have done to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前
主动语态 被动语态 意义
进行时 to be doing 表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行
完成进 行时 to have been doing 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，且一直持续到谓语动作发生时仍在进行
◆My father has decided to cut out smoking.
我的父亲已经决定戒烟了。
◆The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.
明天要举行的会议很重要。
◆I'm very sorry to have kept you sitting around doing nothing.
让你一直无所事事闲坐着我感到很抱歉。
◆The little boy pretended to be reading the book when his teacher entered the classroom.
当他的老师走进教室时，小男孩假装正在读书。
二、动词不定式的句法功能
(一)动词不定式作定语
1．动词不定式作定语，只能位于所修饰词的后面，可扩展为一个定语从句。
◆We are looking for an apartment to live in.
＝We are looking for an apartment that we can live in.
我们正在找一套可以居住的公寓。
2．动词不定式作定语的用法。
(1)动词不定式作定语可表示还未发生的动作。
◆All the teachers to attend the opening ceremony tomorrow should wear the uniforms.
明天将要出席开幕式的所有老师都应该穿制服。
◆The Winter Olympics to be held in 2022 will surely attract many international tourists.
将于2022年举行的冬奥会肯定会吸引许多国际游客。
(2)序数词、形容词最高级或the last、the only、the next等后常用动词不定式作定语。
◆It is recognized that he is the best man to do the job.
人们公认他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
◆The manager was the last to come to the meeting.
经理是最后一个到达会场的人。
◆You are the only person to be late for such an important meeting.
在这么重要的会议上，你是唯一迟到的人。
◆The next train to arrive was from New York.
下一趟抵达的火车是从纽约开来的。
(3)抽象名词ability、chance、opportunity、belief、way、right(权利)、courage、decision、hope、wish、dream等后常用动词不定式作定语。
◆His ability to get on well with people is his chief advantage.
他与人和睦相处的能力是他的主要优点。
◆Do you have the courage to pursue your dreams
你有勇气去追求你的梦想吗？
(4)something、nothing、anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式作定语。
◆Do you have anything to say
你有什么要说的吗？
(5)在there be句型中，作主语的名词后可接动词不定式作定语，不定式用主动式或被动式均可。
◆There is nothing to worry/be worried about.
没什么可担心的。
在there be句型中，如果动词不定式有逻辑主语，则动词不定式只能用主动形式。
◆There is nothing for me to do today.
今天我没有什么事可做。
(二)动词不定式作状语
动词不定式在句中作状语，主要用来修饰动词和形容词，也可用来修饰副词。在句中，不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等，可表示目的、原因及结果等。
1．作目的状语时，常置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强 调。为加强语气，常与in order或so as组成短语。
◆A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。
◆In order to help him, we would do everything we can.
为了帮助他，我们将尽我们所能。
2．作原因状语时，常见于“sb.＋be＋adj.＋to do...”结构中。
◆I was very sad to hear the news.
听到这个消息我很难过。
3．作结果状语时，常见于too...to、enough to...、only to do(表示意料之外的结果的发生)、so/such...as to(如此……以至于……)结构中。
◆I'm too tired to do well.
我太累了做不好。
◆He is old enough to go to school.
他到上学的年龄了。
◆He rushed back, only to find the book missing.
他冲了回来，却发现书不见了。
◆She is so proud as to look down upon others.
她太骄傲了，看不起别人。
现在分词(短语)作结果状语多表示自然而然的结果，即句子谓语和结果状语之间有直接的因果关系。
◆Jack has made great progress, making his parents very happy.
杰克取得了巨大的进步，这让他的父母很高兴。
[搭配] for lack of...　　　　　 由于缺乏……
a lack of... 缺少……
[例句]
They lack physical exercise and the skill to communicate with their friends face to face.
他们缺少体能锻炼和面对面与朋友交际的能力。
[同根词] lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in sth. 缺少某物
14. lack　n.缺乏；短缺　vt. 没有；缺乏
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otherwise/or有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子要用虚拟语气。
[例句] The workers were not better organized，otherwise they would have finished the task in half the time.
工人们没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务。
15. otherwise　adv.否则；要不然
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04
PART FOUR
Reading for writing
[搭配] be keen to do sth. 渴望做某事
be keen on (doing) sth. 对（做）某事着迷
be keen that 渴望......
have a keen eye for... 对......有敏锐的眼光
[例句]
They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.
16.keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的；敏锐的
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[搭配] argue with sb.(over/about sth.)　 (就某事)与某人争(辩)论
argue for/against sth. 据理赞成/反对……
argue sb.into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
argue sb.out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事
[例句]
It's no use arguing with him about the question for he won't change his mind.
和他争论这个问题是没有用的，因为他不会改变主意。
[同根词] argument n. 争论；争吵；论点
17. argue　vt. & vi.论证；争辩；争论；主张
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[搭配] result in＝lead to　　　　　 导致
result from... 由……造成
as a result 所以，结果是
as a result of 由于，作为……的结果
[例句]
In my opinion, positive thinking and action result in success.
在我看来，积极的思想和行动造就成功。
18.result in　导致；造成
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[搭配] make an effort/efforts to do sth. 努力做某事
put effort into sth. 对某事付出努力
spare no effort 不遗余力
be worth the effort 值得努力
with effort 努力地
without effort 毫不费力地
[例句]
Without a lot of effort I edged my way out of the crowd.
19.in one’s effort to do sth. 某人努力做某事
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[同根词] limit v.　　限制；限定
[搭配] limit...to... 把……限定在……的范围内
be limited to sth. 受限制于某物
[例句]
Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet's resources are limited.
看着我们星球的照片，犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛，人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。
20.limited　adj.有限的
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n. 限制；界限
within the limits of 在……的范围内
there is a/no limit to (doing) 对……是有限的/无限的
within limits 在限度内
without limit 无限制地
beyond the limit 超过限度
set a limit on 设定......的限度
[同根词] limitless adj. 无限的
20.limited　adj.有限的
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[搭配] provide sb. with sth.＝provide sth. for sb.给某人提供某物（强调所需）
supply sb. with sth.＝supply sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物（大量供给）
offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物（主动提供）
[例句]
He had enough money to provide for his children before he could find work.
在他找到工作之前，他有足够的钱供孩子们上学。
21. provide for sb.　为某人提供生活所需
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[搭配] run out of　　　 用完，用尽(其主语通常为人)
give out 用尽，精疲力竭(不及物动词短语)
use up 用完，消耗尽(及物动词短语)
[例句]
Her money has run out and she is also running out of patience.
她的钱花光了，并且她的耐心也耗尽了。
22. run out　用完；耗尽
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23.attach　vt.系；绑；贴
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[搭配] attach great importance to (doing) sth.　 认为(做)某事有重要意义
attach...to... 把……附在……上
be attached to... 喜欢……；附属于……
[例句]Generally speaking, parents attach great importance to their children's education.
一般说来，父母很重视孩子们的教育。