人教新课标版高二选修六Unit 1 Art---Unit 5 The power of nature期末知识梳理

本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
人教新课标版高二选修六Unit 2 Poems期末知识梳理
一、训练导入
写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)
1.convey
2.nursery
3.concrete
4.diamond
5.pattern
6.salty 21世纪教育网
7.endless
8.translation
9.branch
10.transform
11.bare
12.forever
13.exchange
14.darkness
15.warmth
II.核心短语
1.__________out of 用完
2.be__________into 被译成
3.make__________有意义；讲得通
4.take it__________轻松；不紧张
5.in__________尤其；特别
6.by__________偶然地
7.hold__________别挂断；继续；坚持；保持
8.try__________试验；考验
9.stay__________熬夜
10.let__________泄露；发出；放走
二、知识精讲
I.重点词汇
1. aspect n.方面;样子;外表
[典例]
1) You are looking at only one aspect of the problem．你只是看到问题的一个方面。
2) They considered the plan in all its aspects．他们考虑了计划的各个方面。
2. convey v.传达;运送
[典例]
1) The workers are busy in conveying the supplies to the warehouse
工人们正忙于把物资运送到仓库
2) I can't convey my feelings in words. 我的情感难以言表。
3) The ambassador personally conveyed the president's message to the premier.
大使亲自向总理转达了总统的问候。
3. concrete adj.具体的 n.混凝土；凝结物
[典例]
1) You need to offer concrete evidences to support your idea.你需要用具体的事实支持你的想法。
2) Concrete is very strong and is used in many modern buildings.
混凝土很结实，经常被用在许多现代建筑物中。21世纪教育网
4. tease v.取笑;招惹;戏弄
[典例]
1) It’s not polite to tease the disabled.取笑残疾人是不礼貌的。
2) Nobody likes to be teased about any shortcoming.没有人会喜欢被别人嘲笑自己的缺点。
[同义短语]
laugh at /make fun of /play jokes on/play trick on
5. pattern n.模式;式样;图案
[典例]
1) A good tailor can make a dress without a pattern. 好的裁缝不用纸样就能做衣服。
2) She is a pattern of all the classmates.她是所有同学的典范。
6. underline v.在下面画线;强调
[典例]
1) While reading the article, you should underline some sentences puzzling you.
阅读时，你应该将让你感到疑惑的句子划下来。
2) Pay attention to the underlined parts.注意划线的部分。
3) The teacher underlined the discipline the first day we went to school.
开学第一天，老师就给我们强调了纪律。
7. exchange v.交换，交流 n.交换, 交流, 交易
[典例]
1) exchange Christmas gifts交换圣诞节礼物
2) exchange experience交流经验
3) exchange greetings互相问候
4) exchange seats with sb. 与某人调换一个座位
5) an exchange of views交换意见
6) exchange professor交流讲学教授
7) exchange student(两国间)交换的留学生
[重点用法]21世纪教育网
exchange sth. for sth.把…换成…
exchange sth. with sb.和某人互换
8. sponsor n.赞助人；主办者 vt.发起，举办，倡议
[典例]
1) The exhibition was sponsored by the Society of Culture. 这个展览会是由文化学会主办的。21世纪教育网
2) Have you found out the sponsor of our basketball match.你找到我们篮球比赛的赞助商了吗
II.重点词组
1. take it easy从容, 不紧张, 松懈, 轻松
[典例] 21世纪教育网
1) There is enough time. Take it easy.别紧张，还有足够的时间。
2) I want to take it easy when I am on holiday.假期我想好好放松下。
[短语归纳]
take things easy不紧张；轻松轻松从容不迫地进行工作
I'm easy. 我随便[好办]。
2. make up of(多用于被动)构成
[典例]
1) The committee is made up of 12 members.这个委员会由12名成员构成。
2) Our class is made up of 45 students and 7 teachers.我们班是由45名学生和7位老师构成的。
[短语归纳]
consist of 由……组成(不能用于被动)
be made of用……材料制成(可见材料)
be made from用……材料制成(看不见材料)
make…into..把…作成…
3. try out 试验, 考验,
[典例]
1) The government are trying out a new method to solve the economy crisis.
2) Let’s try out the new typewriter.
[短语归纳]
try on试穿
carry out实施
4. let out发出, 泄露
[典例]
1) She let out a cry of surprise.她发出惊讶的声音。
2) She promised that she would not let out the plan to the press.她答应不会向新闻方面泄露这个计划。
[短语归纳]
leave out省去, 遗漏, 不考虑
bring out使显示, 出版,
make out理解, 辨认出
III.重点句型
1. Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression. Others try to convey certain emotions.
有的诗歌以一种令读者印象深刻的方式讲述故事或描述事情。而有些诗歌是为了传递某些情感。
[解释] some…others…一些……而另一些…
[典例]In the summer camp, some members are from Africa. Others are from Asia.夏令营活动中，有些营员来自非洲，有些来自亚洲。
2. And said though strange they all were true.而且说，虽然奇怪，但它们都是真的。
[解释]though strange是省略句，在句中充当让步状语。相当于though they were strange。
在一些状语从句中，如时间，条件，让步状从中，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致或者为it，而且从句的谓语部分有动词be，就可以把从句的主语和动词be连同省略。
[典例]
1) Whenever in difficulty(=whenever you are in difficulty), don’t hesitate to ask me for help.
无论什么时候有困难，都不要犹豫，立即找我帮忙。
2) If necessary, I will leave for Guangzhou to help you.如果有必要，我回去广州帮你。
三、语法突破
虚拟语气 (II)21世纪教育网
从句中须用虚拟语气的情况
虚拟语气用于主语从句中 常用“It+ be +某些形容词或过去分词+主语从句”的句型表示，主语从句中的动词形式通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟结构。should也可省略。 It is necessary that you(should)attend the meeting．你有必要参加这个会议。It is arranged that they leave the following week.安排好他们下星期动身。
可用的词有三类 1）suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等2）important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等3）a pity, a shame, no wonder等 It is important that we (should)speak politely.
我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。
It is essential that she these application forms be sent back as early as possible.
将这些申请表格尽快地反馈回来是很必要的。It is strange that he should say that．很奇怪，他竟然说出那种话。It is suggested that the meeting be put off. 有人建议推迟开会的日期。
虚拟语气用于宾语从句中
在表示命令、建议、要求，如ask, arrange, insist beg, advise, command,deserve, suggest,direct,desire,request, require,demand,determine, propose, intend, suppose 等后面接宾语从句时，从句的谓语用”should+动词原形” 来表示虚拟语气。 I suggest that we （should） hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。He insisted that he （should ） be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。I demanded that Bob go there at once．我要求鲍勃立即去那儿。He ordered that the work (should)be started at once．他命令立即开始工作。
注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。例如： He insisted that he had done right.他坚持认为他做的对。His expression suggested that he was angry.他表情表明他很生气。
虚拟语气用于表语从句及同位语从句中 当advise, decision, desire, demand, idea, order, motion, necessity, plan, insistence, instrution,preference, proposal, pray, recommendation, requirement,suggestion, 等名词后接接表语从句或同位语从句时，从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”的形式来构成虚拟语气。
The professor gave order that the test be finished before 7:30.
教授指示考试须在七点半以前结束。
My idea is that we（should）get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。I make a proposal that we（should）hold a meeting next week.我提个建议，下周我们开个会。My suggestion is that we should get down to our work immediately．我的建议是立即开始工作。We all agree to your proposal that we should put on a short play next week．我们都赞成你的建议，下周上演一个短剧。
状语从句中的虚拟语气的情况 1）as if 或as though（好象......似的）引导的方式状语从句和表语从句中。虚拟语气的形式是：用过去时表示与现在事实相反或或对现在情况有所怀疑；用过去完成时表示对过去事实的假设。
It seems as if it were spring.
现在好像是春天似的。
She appeared as if she had known nothing about it.她看上去对此一无所知。
He works very hard as if he never intended to sleep．他工作非常努力，好像他从来不想睡觉似的。He talks (talked) as if he had been to American before.看他谈话的样子仿佛他以前去过美国似的。She cried as if her heart would break．她哭得心都要碎了。He talks as if he would go the moon some day.他起话来，好象将有一天要去月球似的。
虚拟语气用于目的状语从句中
在lest, for fear that, in case 等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”来构成虚拟语气；在so that, in order that 等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词除了用“should+动词原形”外，还可以用“might, could+动词原形”来构成虚拟语气。 He tried his best to study in order that he might pass the exam.他尽最大努力学习，以便通过考试 。He stayed at home for a few days so that he might have more time to study it.他在家里呆了几天，以便会有更多的时间来研究这个问题。Providing (Supposing) the weather were bad, when would you go 假定天气不好的话，你去哪儿呢？She’s studying hard for fear that he should fall behind.
她努力学习，生怕跟不上。
虚拟语气用于让步状语从句中
在让步状语从句中，谓语动词多用动词原形来构成虚拟语气。
注：由even if 或even though引导的让步状语从句中，其从句的谓语动词形式与含有非真实条件从句的主从句中的谓语动词一样来构成虚拟语气。 Whatever book you may read, read it carefully.不管你读什么书，都要用心。No matter what you may say, I am determined to do what I think is right.不管你怎么说，我认为对的事我一定要做。
虚拟语气用于定语从句中
[来源:21世纪教育网] 在It is (high, about)time(that)…句型中，that引导的定语从句中的谓语常用一般过去时来构成虚拟语气。 It’s about time that we put an end to this controversy.
现在该是我们停止这场争论的时候了。
例：It is time we went to bed.
我们该去睡觉了。
注意 但本句型必须与“It（This） is （was）the first （second，...）time that+谓语动词用现在(过去)完成时+......）”区别开来： It is the first time that I have been on the plane.这是我第一次乘飞机。
虚拟语气用于if only 引导的从句中
在if only引导的从句中，谓语动词须采用虚拟语气，其用法与wish后宾语从句的用法基本相同，表示“但愿”，“要是…就好了”的意思。 If only I knew what you wanted.
要是我知道你需要什么就好了。
例：If only he had arrived in time,he would not have been punished.
他要是准时到达就好了。
含蓄虚拟条件句 1、在有分词短语或独立主格结构的句子中，谓语用虚拟结构。 Having known in time(=If we had known in time)，we might have prevented the accident．如果我们及时知道的话，我们也许就能避免这起事故了。United(=If they had been united)，they wouldn't have been defeated．他们要是团结起来，就不会被打败了。
2、用but for......或without等介词短语来代替条件从句。意为“如果没有”。but for相当于If it had not been for......，表示与过去事实相反的情况，可与without互换；但当without所表示的情况是与现在事实相反时，二者则不能互换。 The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain.要没有那位船长的努力，就会连船带人都沉没了。But for(=Without) John, Jane would have fallen into water.如果没有约翰珍妮可能会掉进水里。But for their help(=If it were not for their help)，we could not get over the difficulties.要不是他们的帮助．我们是克服不了这些困难的。
3、用otherwise（or，or else），though，although等表示与上下文所指的情况不同，从而引出虚拟语气。例如： He was very busy doing his experiments in physics, otherwise(or else) he would have given you much help.他当时正忙于做物理实验，否则他会给你很大帮助的。I'm really busy，otherwise(=if I weren't so busy),I would certainly go with you．我确实太忙了。不然的话。我一定和你一块去。Einstein had little concern for money, though(although) he could have been a very rich man.尽管爱因斯坦本可以成为非常富有的人，但他对金钱不感兴趣。
4、用介词短语表示虚拟结构。常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有with without，in，under，but for等。它们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if从句替换。 Without air，there would be no living things．(without air，if there were no air)没有空气，便没有生物。With her help (=If I had her help)，I would do the experiment well．假如有她帮助，我就可以把这个实验做好。Under the leadership of a less experienced person, the experiment would have failed．(Under…=If there had been the leadership of a less experienced person) 假设在一个缺少经验的人领导下进行实验，实验准会失败。I would have lost my head in that position．(in that position=if I had been in that position)我处在那种情况下，是会丧失理智的。We could have done better under more favourable conditions.
在更有利的条件下，我们能够做得更好些。
5、在would rather后接that从句时。从句谓语用虚拟结构，表示与现在或将来事实相反时，谓语动词用过去式；表示与过去事实相反时，谓语动词用过去完成式。 I'd rather you went home now．我宁愿你现在就回家。 I would rather he had stayed at the hotel yesterday．我真希望他昨天在那家宾馆里待着。
表希望、想法、打算、意图的动词，如intend，hope，want，plan, mean等的过去完成时态或不定式用完成时态时．表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。 He had hoped for a better job，but he didn’t get it．他原希望找一个好的工作，但他没有得到。I had meant to go to the party，but I had to work extra hours to prepare a speech．我原打算去参加这个聚会，但我得加时准备演讲。I intended to have helped you，but I was very busy at that time．我原打算向帮助他，但我当时很忙。
【考题印证】
1.（2012北京卷）35. Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.
A. is B. were C. has been D. had been
【答案】 【解析】B。
考查虚拟语气。对现在的虚拟用were。as if“仿佛，好像”。其后面的内容若与事实不符则用虚拟语气，花瓶不是用钢做的，因此选择B项。句意：别把这花瓶当作钢做的似的去拿。
2.(2012福建卷)31.We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ____ more places of interest yesterday.
A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited
【答案】　
【解析】D。考查虚拟语气。句意：昨天我们在那个小村庄迷路了，否则我们本可以参观更多的名胜。本句为含有otherwise的含蓄虚拟句（相当于if we hadn’t lost our way in that small village），是对过去的虚拟，故选D项。
(2012辽宁卷)33.Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he something instead of just talking.
A. will do B. has done C. do D. did
【解析】D。考查特殊句式中的虚拟语气。在“It’s high/very time that...”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用did或should do， 所以选D项。句意：杰克是个善于夸夸其谈的人，该是他做点什么而不是仅仅说说而已的时候了。
【真题体验】
1.（2011天津卷,15）I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come
2.（2011福建卷,34）——Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
——I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
attended B .had attended C. would sttend D. would have attended
3.（2011陕西卷,22）I__________through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone
4.（2011江西卷28）We _____John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put
5.（2010安徽卷）Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_______
A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy
6.（2010江苏卷）George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
7.（2010湖北﹚Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention ________ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss)
8.（2009江苏卷）He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.
A. could express B. would express
C. could have expressed D. must have expressed
9.（2009福建卷）But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won
10. (2011山东省潍坊高三抽测)The order came that the medical supplies to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.
A．would be sent B．should send C．be sent D．must be sent
【答案解析】21世纪教育网
1.【解析】D。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didn’t know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。
2.【解析】D。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“——真可惜你错过了那场有关核污染的讲座。——我本可以去听的，但我当时忙于工作面试。”对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。
3.【解析】A。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。”that bitter period表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选A。
4.【解析】B。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“要不是因为他最近受伤，我们本应该把John的名字加进昨天的比赛名单中。”but for 是虚拟语气的提示，yesterday表示过去的时间。对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选B。
5.【解析】A。考查虚拟语气的用法。前句表示对过去的虚拟, 而but之后表示过去的客观事实, 故用一般过去时态。
6.【解析】B。考查虚拟语气的用法。would rather后应用虚拟语气, 表示与现在时间相反, 用动词的过去式
7.【解析】(should) be discussed　考查虚拟语气的用法。“insist”引导的宾语从句要用虚拟, 从句结构是“should”（可省略）加动词原形, 主语“problem” 是要 “被讨论”。
8.【解析】C。考查虚拟语气的用法。Ccould have expressed it differently.他要是用另一种方式来说该多好呀。
9.【解析】B。考查虚拟语气的用法。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反, 句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might + have done结构, 故选B。
10.【解析】C。考查虚拟语气。当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词(如order，suggest，command等)后面接从句时，从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语用should+do，should可以省略。故选C。
四、单元自测
第一节 单项选择
1. With so many different forms of peotry ______, students may eventually want to write peoms of their own.
A. choosing from B. chosen from C. to choose from D. to be chosen from
2. He was very busy yesterday；otherwise，he ______ to the meeting.
A．would come B．came C．would have come D．will come
3. The gasoline . Let’s fill the car up at the next gas station.
A. is running out B. has run out C. is being run out D. has been run out
4. John is not very — he often forgets what he promises to do.
A. flexible B. reliable C. confident D. honest
5. Had it not been for the police’s help, Peter his bicycle yesterday afternoon.
A. could not find B. didn’t find C. could not have found D. hadn’t found
6. , I got better and returned to work.
A. Accidently B. Normally C. Eventually D. Particularly
7. — I think I’m going to die. — , Joe. You only have a cold.
A. Don’t mention it B. Take it easy C. It’s hard to say D. Take care
8. We were required not to any important details before it was made public.
A. try out B. make out C. let out D. break out
9. I stood there wanting to ask more questions but found that was not the time.
A. appropriate B. typical C. accurate D. effective
10. Nancy was very disappointed to hear the news. I wish I her about that.
A. hadn’t told B. didn’t tell C. wouldn’t tell D. can’t tell
11.They are not familiar with the project, so I don’t think amounts to（意味着） much.
A. what did they say B. what have they said
C. whatever have they said D. whatever they say
12.In recent years, China and the USA have had a lot of ___________of views about the same problem.
A．replacements B．transformations C．changes D．exchanges
13. People wrote letters to get in touch in the past. Nowadays email has the way people communicate.
A. directed B. conveyed C. transformed D. sponsored
14. It is not known yet how these huge stones were __________over a distance of 380 kilometers.
A．removed B．transformed C．transmitted D．conveyed
15. ______ any change about the date，please tell me immediately.
A．Will there be B．Should there be C．There will be D．There should be
第二节 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分；满分30分）
阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Sharon wrote this when she was 16 and in the llth grade． Her goal is to become an international diplomat （外交官） and peace-maker．
It was my first day at school． I felt __1___ and scared． I went to all my classes with no _2_ ． It felt like no one _ 3__． I listened anxiously to all the lessons and waited for lunch __4_ at 1:00． Then finally the bell rang． It was time to talk and have 5 ．
In the lunch line I met a new friend who wore a hijab （穆斯林妇女戴的面纱） on her head, and though I am 6 , we got along fine, and I was so 7 when she said, “Sit with us, at our table．” She pointed to the one next to the door．
So I 8 , and took my tray and was _ 9_ to walk with her across the floor, when suddenly I felt a jog． “Hey, I saw you on the bus,” said a tall girl in a long skirt． ”I see your Jewish star necklace． You _ 10_ sit with us．”
At that moment I looked around, and that's when I 11 , to my surprise, the nations of the world, __12 themselves． That’s what I saw through my own eyes．
The Spanish only sat with Spanish, the Hindus only with Hindus, the Russians always with the Russians, and __13__ the Arabs with the Jews．21世纪教育网
I saw the reason why 14 got started． Everyone 15 to their own kind． The 16 _ was just like a map of the world, where there should never have been so much separation among nations． But why was everyone so _ 17 _
And so I turned __ 18___ this girl, and went with the first, and there was no offence, I built a
19 between two worlds when I sat with those 20 from me．
1．A．nervous B．generous C．frightened D．excited
2．A．relatives B．teachers C．friends D．classmates
3．A．cared B．mattered C．understood D．helped21世纪教育网
4．A．hours B．stop C．period D．break
5．A．rest B．fun C．chat D．breakfast
6．A．Spanish B．Arab C．Russian D．Jewish
7．A．curious B．relieved C．worried D．serious
8．A．allowed B．adopted C．agreed D．admitted
9．A．about B．ready C．willing D．likely
10．A．might B．would C．could D．should
11．A．saw B．noticed C．knew D．recognized
12．A．developing B．expanding C．separating D．defending
13．A．only B．always C．sometimes D．never
14．A．dialogues B．friendships C．wars D．arguments
15．A．stuck B．insisted C．turned D．listened
16．A．school B．classroom C．restaurant D．lunchroom
17．A．quiet B．blind C．deaf D．tough
18．A．down B．towards C．off D．up
19．A．stage B．platform C．bridge D．path
20．A．opposite B．different C．strange D．apart
第三节． 阅读理解
A
You may know Joe Cheng, who plays the most popular boy in high school in the popular Taiwanese drama “It Started with a Kiss．”
Although thousands of girls have fallen in love with him for his cute smile and strong body, Cheng, 27, doesn’t want to rest on his good looks． He made the move from modeling to acting six years ago, and now he is trying another career－this time, to be a singer． Cheng worked on his first album, “Joe Cheng’s Day”, for a year． It came out on September 7．
Apart from recording his CD, Cheng has been practicing dance moves for his music video． Given his height, 188cm, this was not an easy job． “I had bad dreams about dancing,” he said．
Cheng’s life has had many ups and downs． His parents divorced when he was in primary school and he has lived with his father ever since． After dropping out of high school, he took on all kinds of jobs before being spotted by a scout（星探）for a modeling agency． Cheng said his key to life is “keeping a positive outlook and making the most out of life．”
Cheng admitted that he got bad grades when he was in high school． But he was still very popular at school． “Being very active in the students union, I was elected president． I liked to organize parties and field trips, so many teachers and students knew me,” he said．
Cheng once dreamed of becoming a cartoonist, and he regrets that he never did it． Now he hopes his teenage fans can learn from his life． “When you are in school, just focus on studies,” Cheng said． “Every young heart is eager to explore the world outside． But take your time． Finish your studies first．”
1． Which of the following can be the best title for this text
A． He Has It All, but Still Has Regrets．
B． Life Is Full of Ups and Downs．
C． Finish Your Study First．
D． The Key to Success．
2． What career didn’t Joe Cheng try
A． Acting in some dramas．
B． Recording his own CDs．
C． Modeling for an agency．
D． Dancing for an agency．
3． The underlined word “outlook” in Paragraph 4 means__________．
A． scene B． attitude C． future prospects D． appearance
4． Which of the correct order of these events
a． Joe Cheng dropped out of high school．
b． Joe Cheng worked on his first album, “Joe Cheng’s Day”．
c． Joe Cheng’s parents divorced．
d． Joe Cheng played the most popular boy in “It started with a Kiss”．
e． Joe Cheng worked in a modeling agency．
A． acedb B． caebd C． acebd D． caedb
B
Sir,
In reply to your advertisement in today’s China Daily regarding a vacancy in your office, I wish to apply for the position of senior clerk, which you have specified．
I feel sure that I can meet your special requirements that the candidate must have a high command of English, for I graduated from the English Language Department of Wuhan University three years ago．
In addition to my study of English in the university, I have worked for three years as a secretary in the firm of ABC Trading Co． Ltd．
The main reason for changing my employment is to gain more experience with a superior trading company like yours． I believe that my education and experience will prove useful for work in your office．
I am enclosing my resume, certificate of graduation and a letter of recommendation from the president of the university． I shall be obliged if you will give me a personal interview at your convenience．
Very truly yours,
Li Mei
5． The author learned the news that the company wanted to employ staff members from _____．
A． a notice B． a magazine C． a poster D． a newspaper
6． Why does the author want to change his job
A． To be promoted．
B． To have a better job and higher pay．
C． To gain more working experience．
D． To make his living conditions improved
7． The author thinks _______ is （are） his advantage（s） to get the employment．
A． his good command of English
B． his working experience
C． his certificate and the letter of recommendation
D． both A and B
8． From the letter, we can learn that _________．
A． the author would be very thankful if the company arranged a meeting with him．
B． the firm of ABC Trading Co． Ltd had a vacancy in the office．
C． while the author was studying in the university, he worked part-time as a secretary．
D． the president of Wuhan University had good relations with the company．
单元自测答案：
第一节 1-15 CCABC CBCAA DDCDB
第二节 1－5 ACADB 6－10 DBCAD 11－15 BCDCA 16－20 DBACB
第三节 1－8 ADBD 8 DCDA
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
人教新课标版高二选修六Unit 1 Art期末知识梳理
一、训练导入
I.考纲单词
写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)
1.faith
2.aim
3.typical
4.evident
5.adopt
6.shadow
7.attempt 21世纪教育网
8.predict
9.figure
10.exhibition
11.preference
12.appeal
13.reputation
14.civilization
15.district
II.核心短语
1．a__________of 一束；一串
2．a great__________大量
3．on the other__________另一方面
4．in the __________活着的；本人
5．be__________值得（做……）有……的价值21世纪教育网
6．__________to 对……有吸引力
7．all the__________ 一直；始终
8． __________coincidence 巧合的
9．__________a way from 挣脱，脱离
10．in the__________of 以……方式
二、知识精讲
I.重点词汇
1. faith n.信仰；信任；信心
[重点用法]
have faith in sb./sth.对某人/某事有信心
lose faith in 不再信任,对…失去信心
be faithful to sb. [sth.] 忠实于某人[某事]
faithful adj.忠实的
faithfully adv.忠实地
[典例]
1) Having faith in the masses is the requirement by government.相信群众是对政府的要求。
2) Under no circumstance shall we lost faith in the future.在任何情况下，我们都不该对未来失去信心。
2. aim n. 目标；目的；瞄准vi.&vt.瞄准（向某方向）努力
[重点用法]
take aim (at) 瞄准
aim at向…瞄准；旨在，针对；志在
aim high胸 怀大志; 力争上游
[典例]
1) What is your aim in life 你生活的目的是什么
2) He aimed the gun at the enemy officer．他用枪瞄准了敌军官。
3) Our factory must aim at developing new models of machines．我们的工厂必须致力于研制新型机械。
3. typical adj. 典型的, 象征性的;不出所料；特有的
[重点用法]
be typical of…是…代表; 象征
[典例]
1) Xianglin shao is a typical character in Leiyu典型人物
2) grasp typical cases抓典型
3) It’s typical of her to be late.她这个人就是爱迟到。
4. adopt vt. 采用,采纳; 收养
[重点用法]
adoption n.采用;收养
形近词:adapt v. 使适应, 改编
adaptation n. 适应, 改编, 改写本
[典例]
1) In the meeting, all the works agreed to adopt a new idea to reform the factory.
会议中所有员工都同意采纳新意见以改革工厂.
2) Many new couple are eager to adopt the children losing their parents in the earthquake.
许多新夫妇都期望可以收养在地震中失去双亲的孩子.
5. convince vt. 使确信；使信服
[重点用法]
convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事
convince sb to do sth说服某人做某事
be convinced of sth相信某事
be convinced that+从句相信某事
[典例]
1) He was convinced of his error. 他认识了错误
2) He convinced me that I should study law．他劝我应该学法律。
3) It took many hours to convince the court of his guilt．花费了许多个小时法庭才相信他有罪。
4) We convinced Anne to go by train rather than plane． 我们说服了安妮放弃乘飞机而坐火车走。
6. attempt n. 努力；尝试；企图vt.尝试；企图
[重点用法]
attempt sth.试图做……; 努力去执行(完成)某事
attempt to do企图做某事
make an attempt at sth／to do sth.企图做某事
[典例]
1) The prisoners attempted an escape, but failed. 囚犯企图逃跑，但是失败了
2) An astronaut will attempt to leave the stationary spaceship and then return to it．
一名宇航员将试着离开停着的宇宙飞船，然后再回到里面去。
3) The boys made an attempt to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents．
男孩子们想去野营但被他们的父母们拦住了。
7. predict vt.预言；预告；预测(侧重从已知的事实推断或根据自然规律断定未来的事情。
[重点用法]
predict sth.
predict that
prediction n. 预言, 预报
[典例]
1) An eclipse could be predicted in ancient days.很久以前就可以预报日（月）蚀了。
2) His teacher predicted that he could be a CEO of a company because of his intelligence and diligence.
因为他的聪明和勤奋，他老师预测他以后有可能成为公司的总裁。
3) Do you take seriously his prediction of a government defeat 他预言政府要挫败，你认为这话靠得住吗？
II.重点词组
1. a great deal大量
[典例]
1) Thanks a great deal for your help with our work.非常感谢你给我们工作上的帮助。
2) A great deal of money was used in rescuing the victims in wenchuan earthquake.
大量的金钱被用于援救汶川地震中的受害者。
[短语归纳] 表示“许多，大量”
a great deal of/a good deal of/a large amount of/much/not a little可用于修饰不可数名词
a few/quite a few/a good many/a great many/a great number of可用于修饰可数名词
a lot of/a large quantity of/large quantities of/plenty of 既可修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词
2． by coincidence巧合地
[典例]
1) By coincidence, we will take the same bus back home.真巧合，我们要搭同趟车回家。
2) By coincidence, his wife is one of my classmate in college.巧合的是他的妻子是我大学的一个同学。
[短语归纳]
by accident 碰巧，偶然
by chance碰巧，偶然
on purpose故意
3. on the other hand另一方面
[典例]
1) If you want to improve your ability, on the one hand, you should attend some related lectures; on the
other hand, you should learn something useful from workers around you.
4. in the flesh活着的；本人
[典例]
1) In the performance, you can see your idols in the flesh.表演中，你可以亲眼看到你的偶像。
2) His appearance in the flesh ended the rumours about his death.他本人的出现打破了他人已经死去的谣言。
5. in (the) possession of拥有（属于）
[典例]
1) They are still in possession of the house, so we have to wait for another time.他们依然拥有房子的产权，所以我们还得等待一段时间。
2) The factory is in the possession of one of my friend, who moved to Australia several years ago.这家工厂是属于我一个朋友的，几年前他搬到澳洲去了。
[短语归纳]
in one’s possession由……掌握
in charge of负全责, 经管,
in the charge of由……负责，经营
take possession of占有,拥有
take charge of 负责,看管
6. in consequence因此，结果
[典例]
1) He got a bad cough. In consequence, he had to ask a doctor for help.
2) He had to ask a doctor for help in consequence of his bad cough.
他咳得很厉害，因此，他不得不去看医生。
[短语归纳]
in consequence of... 的结果， 因为...的缘故， 由于
as a consequence因而， 结果
7. appeal to（对某人）有吸引力；向...呼吁[请求]
[典例]
Bright colours appeal to small children. 小孩喜欢鲜艳的颜色。
We are appealing to anyone who saw the suspect to contact us.
我们恳请任何人看到嫌疑犯后与我们联系。
[短语归纳]
appeal to sb. for为...向某人呼吁[请求]
appeal for aid请求援助
appeal for mercy [sympathy] 请求宽恕[同情]
appeal to arms [force] 诉诸武力
III.重点句型
1. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone
began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.
但是，很显然在13世纪时（人们的）思想正经历着变化，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种较为现实的风格来画宗教场景。
[解释] It is evident that…（很）显然… “it”在句中充当形式主语，“that”引导的主语从句为真正的主语。为了
句子的平衡移到后面,可以避免句子结构的头重脚轻.
[典例]It's evident that the plan is impracticable. 很明显这计划是不能实现的。
It was evident that the couple’s still love for each other. 很显然这对夫妇依然爱着对方。
2. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were.他们试图真实地描绘人物与自然。
[解释] as 1) conj. (1)如，像；按照…… (2)当…时候,一面…一面…;随着… (3)因为，既然 (4)尽管
2) prep. 作为,如同
[典例]
1) The work is not so easy as you imagine.这项工作并没你想象的那么容易。
2) Everything goes as I expected.事情正如我期望那样进行着。
3) As day goes by, the boy became more patient with his girlfriend.
随着日子的流逝，男孩对女朋友越来越有耐心了。
4) They sang songs as they were doing farm work.他们一边干农活一边唱歌。
5) As he still a child, he lived in a remote village with his old granny.
他小的时候和他的祖母生活 在一个遥远的村庄里。
6) As everything is ready, let’s go.既然都准备好了，我们出发吧。
7) Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true. 。这个故事看似荒唐，却是真的
8) As a work of art it is very poor. 作为艺术品这是十分拙劣的。21世纪教育网
9) As your good friend, I had to give you the kindest advice.
作为你的好朋友，我得给你我最善意的忠告。
3. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists.21世纪教育网
突破传统绘画风格的画家中包括了印象派画家。
[解释] 本句为倒装句，原语序为：[来源:21世纪教育网]
The Impressionists were among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting.
本句结构为“介词短语+连系动词+主语”（倒装语序）
在英语语法中，当介词短语/形容词/分词提到连系动词前面时，句子要求采用全部倒装。构成“介词短语/
形容词/分词+连系动词+主语 ”（倒装语序）全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
[注意]
此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时
[典例]
1) Growing around the garden are different kinds of flowers.花园里开满了五颜六色的花。
2) Near the window is a sad mother.窗户的旁边是一位悲伤的母亲。
三、语法突破
虚拟语气（1）
概说 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
一、考查虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用 1.表示与现在事实相反的情况：从句谓语形式用动词的过去式(be一般用were)，主句谓语形式should(would,could,might)+动词原形[来源:21世纪教育网] If that happened，it would be terrible．如果真的发生了那种事，一定会非常可怕。(实际并未发生)If I were you，I would ask the teacher for advice．我要是你，就向老师请教。(我不可能变成你)If he had time，he could go with you．如果他真的有时间，就有可能和你一起去。(实际上他很可能没时间，不可能和你一起去)
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况：从句谓语形式用Had+过去分词，主句谓形式should(would,could,might)+have+过去分词 If they had reached the beach，they would have been killed．要是他们抵达海滩就很有可能没命了。 (事实是：他们那时没有到海滩，结果幸存了下来)。If I hadn't forgotten your telephone number，I should have called you 1ast Sunday．我要是没有忘记您的电话号码。上周日我就给你打电话了。If I had had the money last week，I could have bought a car．如果我上星期有了这笔钱，我可能就会买了车。(事实是：当时没有这笔钱，结果没有买车)
3.表示将来事实相反情况：从句谓形式用动词的一般过去式，或were to +动词原形或should+动词原形，主句谓语形式 should(would,could,might)动词原形 If it rained tomorrow，I would not go there．要是明天真的下雨，我就不去那儿了。(说话人认为明天下雨的可能性很小)If it should rain in a few days，the crops could be saved．假如这几天真的会下雨，庄稼就有可能得救。(说话人认为这几天不可能下雨)If he were to come back this evening，he might help us repair the car．假如今晚他要是能回来，他也许会帮我们修车。(说话人认为他今晚不可能回来)
注意：如果从句中有动词had，should，were，可省略if，并采用倒装形式。但如果从句中没有were，had，should，则不能这样做。 Had he seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it．如果他昨天见到你。他就会问你这件事。Should it (Were it to)rain，the crops would be saved．如果天下雨。庄稼就会得救。21世纪教育网
S+ wish (that )+ [来源:21世纪教育网]S+过去时（表现在）S+ had+过去分词（表过去）S+ could /would/ might+ V.(表将来) I wish he knew her address．要是他知道她的地址就好了。(事实是：现在我不知道)I wish I were as tall as you.　我希望和你一样高。He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。I wish I had not created this creature.我真希望没有造出这个怪物。（事实上已经造出了这个怪物）I wish I had not done this terrible thing．我真希望我没做这件可怕的事。(已经做了，表示不 可能实现的愿望)I wish I could fly to the moon one day．但愿有一天我能飞往月球。(实际上将来很难实现这个愿望)I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
【考题印证】
【2012全国新课标卷】29. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A. have had B. had had C. have D. had
【解析】D。考查条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。从句中用一般过去时表现在的假设。动词的时态 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 一般过去式表对现在的假设
【2012陕西卷】17. If may car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be
【解析】B。考查虚拟语气。根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用had done，选B。
【真题体验】
1.【2012安徽卷】31. Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. Were to live
2. 【2012天津卷】 We wouldn’t have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _________us a ride home.
A. didn’t offer B. wouldn’t offer C. hasn’t offered D. hadn’t offered
3.【2012山东卷】30. If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.
A. haven’t made B. wouldn’t make C. didn’t make D. hadn’t made
4.【2011北京卷,28】——Where are the children The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
——I wish they always late.
A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been
5.【2011北京卷,30】Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
6.（2010湖南卷）If he my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.
A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow
7.（2010天津）John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him.
A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told
8.（2010陕西卷）If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken
9.（2010北京卷）--The weather has been very hot and dry.
--Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables .
A. wouldn't die B. didn't die C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died
10.（2010浙江卷）Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .
A．would have been saved B．had been saved
C．will be saved D．was saved
【答案解析】
1.【解析】D。考查虚拟语气的用法。在表示将来的情况下，主句中第一人称可用should，其他人称用would；从句中任何人称都用should,不可用would.此处were to live用于虚拟语气，表示与将来的事实相反。
2.【解析】D。考查虚拟语气的用法。由主句谓语动词wouldn’t have called可以看出表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句应用had+过去分词。故选D。
3.【解析】D。考查虚拟语气的用法。在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done的形式。句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会这样成功。
4.【解析】A。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“——孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。——我但愿他们不要老是迟到。”wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always，从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。
5.【解析】C。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮助。”then表示过去的时间，if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。选C。
6.【解析】C。考查虚拟语气。根据 “wouldn’t have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟, 故选C项。
7.【解析】D。考查虚拟语气。句意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话, 我会跟他一起去的。前一句是陈述语气, 说明动发生在过去, 而且后一句的主句已经是would have gone说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构, 应该用had +过去分词。
8.【解析】B。考查虚拟语气。所填词做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语, 根据主句的谓语动词形式might have ar rived可知题干是与过去事实相反, 故所填部分用had+过去分词形式, 选B。
9.【解析】D。考查虚拟语气中对过去的虚拟。第二个说话人的If条件句是我们选择正确答案的关键。要是当时下雨了, 现在的情况就好的多了！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。过去没有下雨, 所以我的蔬菜干死了也是发生在过去。而将句子还原则为If it had rained even a drop, my vegetables wouldn't have died.If+ had done, 主句为couldn’t/ shouldn't/ wouldn't have done.
10.【解析】A。考查虚拟语气。根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气, 原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .故选择A。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序, 就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。
四、单元自测
第一节 单项选择
1．I have________preference for music and I know all the famous singers in________history.
A．a; /　　　　　　　　 B．a；the
C．/；the D．the；/
2．Never________to force others to accept your idea，or you will make no friends.
A．aim B．attempt
C．attend D．accept
3．If you had lived in the Middle Ages，you ________the chance to appreciate the art works of Leonardo da Vinci.
A．won’t have had B．wouldn’t have
C．wouldn’t have had D．mustn’t have had
4．These volunteers are raising________money for the AIDS patients.
A．a great many B．a great deal of
C．a lots of D．amount of
5．You can’t________possession of the house until all the papers have been signed.
A．show B．take
C．catch D．have
6．—I have signed up for the Oral English Competition.
—What a________idea. You even don’t know how to introduce yourself in English.
A．typical B．fragile
C．superb D．ridiculous
7．Jim enjoys travelling very much, but______he doesn’t earn much to afford his travel.
A．therefore B．otherwise
C．on the other hand D．consequently
8．My friend________me of the fact that I had a gift for painting.
A．convinced B．was convinced
C．believed D．believed in
9．Because her parents objected to her marriage, she________her family.
A．broke down B．broke out
C．broke in D．broke away from
10．When I knocked at the door, out________.
A．came a boy B．a boy came
C．did a boy come D．did come a boy
11．In this country a medal________ten thousand dollars is given to whoever gains success in science and technology every two years.
A．as well as B．as well
C．but for D．and
12．________by his grandparents，Jimmy wasn’t used to living with his parents.
A．To bring up B．To be brought up
C．Brought up D．Being brought up
13．The vegetables grown in this district are much better than________in that district.
A．/ B．those
C．that D．ones
14．I have________work to do that I don’t know where to start.
A．such much B．so much
C．such little D．so little
15．________see a film in the crowded cinema，I would read a book at home.
A．Rather than B．Other than
C．more than D．better than
第二节 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分；满分30分）
阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Culture shock is a complex topic, but I'm a simple man with simple perspectives. So my experience of foreign culture boils down to three basic stages: anger, acceptance and appreciation.
When I ___1___ my life in China I was often filled with frustration and __2__over the way things were. Things were seen as clearly “____3____” and I rejected the view of there being other ways of doing things. Afterwards I came to __4___different ways of doing things ___5____still saw my own ways as superior.
My views were still heavily colored by __6___and I often accepted situations I felt ____7___by simply coining the phrase "That's China," ____8____ China was a backward country that simply didn't do things correctly. Finally, ____10___, I came to understand and appreciate the new ____9___ and ways of doing things, sometimes using them as effectively as the____11____.
For example, fish is never __12_ with the head in my country, thus my feelings went from “Ugh! I can’t eat this! The fish is __13___at me saying, `You're a __14—— man.' Take this off the table,” to “I’ll let my friends enjoy, but I'll just stick with the other___15____,” and to "Would anyone mind if I eat the eyeball "
It is not the same with every westerner, and some take __16___ than others to go through the three stages. It all depends on how ____17_____ you are and how tightly you ___18__to your own culture. It took a little over a year of living in China ___19___ I finally appreciate the new culture. Now, I'm more ___20___in China than in my own country.
1. A. ended B. began C. continued D. enjoyed
2. A. curiosity B. fear C. purpose D. anger
3. A. wrong B. right C. wise D. smooth
4. A. find B. use C. accept D. refuse
5. A. or B. but C. while D. so
6. A. preferences B. references C. facts D. standards
7. A. necessary B. important C. nervous D. stupid
8. A. mentioning B. saying C. meaning D. referring
9. A. therefore B. however C. besides D. thus
10. A. character B. personality C. revolution D. culture
11. A. locals B. foreigners C. researchers D. citizens
12. A. bought B. sold C. served D. separated
13. A. glancing B. laughing C. shouting D. staring
14. A. kind B. cruel C. brave D. unique
15. A. fishes B. vegetables C. dishes D. soups
16. A. more B. less C. further D. longer
17. A. adaptable B. considerable C. dependable D. enjoyable
18. A. get B. hold C. catch D. insist
19. A. since B. as C. before D .when
20. A. anxious B. welcomed C. comfortable D. miserable
第三节． 阅读理解
A
Opposition is growing to the Berlin Zoo’s plans to find a new home for Knut, the moneymaking celebrity polar bear whose popularity has been exploited by environmentalists and even Canadian tourism promoters.
No longer cute, and just days before his second birthday, Knut will be given a new home that is expected to include a potential mating partner.
The Berlin Zoo, facing the global economic crisis, can’t afford the estimated $ 13 million it would take to acquire a female and a new home for them to share. “It’s time for him to go --- the sooner he gets a new home the better,” said senior bear keeper Heiner Kloes.
But some Berliners are beginning a campaign, collecting petition (情愿书) signatures and arguing that he’s a tourist draw and a symbol as important as the Brandenburg Gate. “He means a lot to many people. When you’re with him you forget your problems,” Hartmut Wiedenroth, co-founder of the campaign, told Spiegel Online.
Knut became an international celebrity in 2007, drawing huge crowds to his cage and triggering sales of thousands of Knut toys and Knut-shaped candies.
The Vancouver-based Canadian Tourism Commission made Knut a major part of its “Canada—Keep Exploring” campaign to draw tourists to the country--- and especially to polar bear country in northern Manitoba to see them in their natural habitat. Environmentalists also used the bear to promote the fight against global warming.
But Knut’s popularity diminished as his size increased to 210 kilograms, He was photographed at one point snapping (咬) at a child near his cage. In September his keeper, Thomas Doerflein, died of a heart attack. Doerflein, who became a celebrity himself after nursing the tiny ball of white fur when Knut’s mother rejected him, had been re-assigned shortly after Knut’s first birthday. Some animal rights critics said Knut has been showing unusually aggressive behavior because of his unnatural upbringing.
1. The Berlin Zoo intends to find a new home for Knut mainly because of _______.
A. the mother bear deserting him B. Knut’s aggressive behavior
C. lacking a skillful bear keeper D. its financial problem
2 . A campaign is being launched in Berlin _______.
A. in order to keep Knut in the zoo
B. by selling Knut-shaped candies
C. to draw tourists to northern Manitoba
D. to warn people of global warming
3 . The underlined word “triggering” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “_______”.
A. decreasing B. preventing C. promoting D. conducting
4 . What would be the best title for the passage
A. Doerflein, a celebrity of Germany B. Zoo says Knut must go 21世纪教育网
C. The polar bear capital of the world D. Polar bears in Canada
B
Even before historian Joseph Ellis became a best-selling author, he was famous for his vivid lectures. In his popular courses at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts, he would often make classroom discussion lively by describing his own fighting experience in Vietnam. But as Ellis's reputation grew--his books on the Founding Fathers won both the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize ---the history professor began to entertain local and national reporters with his memories of war. Last year, after The Boston Globe reported Ellis's experience in the Vietnam war, someone who knew the truth about Ellis dropped a dime. Last week The Boston Globe revealed that Ellis, famous for explaining the nation's history, had some explaining to do about his own past.
“Even in the best of lives, mistakes are made," said Ellis. It turned out that while the historian had served in the Army, he'd spent his war years not in the jungles of Southeast Asia , but teaching history at West Point ( 西点军校). He'd also overstated his role in the antiwar movement and even his high-school athletic records. His admission shocked colleagues, fellow historians and students who wondered why someone so successful would beautify his past. But it seems that success and truthfulness don’t always go hand in hand. Even among the successful achievers, security experts say, one in ten is deceiving. And, oddly, people often beautify their past once they're famous, says Ernest Brod of Kroll Associates, which has conducted thousands of background checks.
Then what makes them do it Psychologists say some people succeed, at least in part, because they are uniquely adjusted to the expectations of others. And no matter how well-known, those people can be haunted (长期不断的缠绕 ) by a sense of their own shortcomings. "From outside, these people look anything but fragile," says Dennis Shulman, a psychoanalyst. "But inside, they feel hollow, empty,”
5. Which of the following shows the order of what happened to Ellis
a. He became a best-selling author.[来源:21世纪教育网]
b. He taught at Mount Holyoke College.
c. His books won two important prizes.
d. The Boston Globe reported his experience in Vietnam.
e. He entertained reporters with his memories of war.
A. abced B. bedca C. acbde D. bcaed
6. The underlined part "dropped a dime" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “____________”
A. let sb. down B. informed on sb.
C. made sb. famous D. punished sb. badly
7. While Ellis served in the Army, he ________________
A. fought in Vietnam B. taught history at a military school
C. pretended to be a historian
D. made mistakes in the antiwar movement.
单元自测答案：
第一节 1.A2.B3.C4.B5.B6.D7.C8.A9.D10.A11.A12.C13.B14.B15.A
第二节 1—5 . BDACB 6-10 ADCBD 11-15 ACDBC 16-20 DABCC
第三节(A)1—4 DACB (B) 5- 8 DBB
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
人教新课标版高二选修六Unit 4 Global warming期末知识梳理
一、训练导入
I.考纲单词
写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)
1.fuel
2.quantity
3.tend
4.data
5.flood
6.oppose
7.mild
8.state
9.range
10.glance
11.steady
12.widespread
13.average
14.outer
mitment
16.pollution
17.growth
18.contribution
19.nuclear
20.disagreement
II.核心短语
1.come__________发生；造成
2.go__________上升；升起；增长
3.be__________to 反对……
4.keep__________继续
5.__________the whole 大体上；基本上21世纪教育网
6.on__________平均来看
7.and so__________等等
8.__________of大量的
9.result__________导致
10.on__________of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人
二、知识精讲
I.重点词汇
1. phenomenon n. 現象;奇迹，罕见的人才或事物 phenomena(pl.)
[典例]
1) Rain and snow are phenomena of the weather. 雨雪是天气现象。
2) Beethoven was a phenomenon among musicians.贝多芬是音乐家中的天才。
3) the phenomena of nature自然现象
4) a social phenomenon社会现象
2. tend vt. 趋向, 往往是；照管, 护理
[重点用法]21世纪教育网
tendency n. 趋向，倾向（常与to/towards连用）
[典例]
1) Most of boys tend to enjoy playing basketball.大部分男孩都喜欢打篮球。
2) The older women tend to believe in strangers easily.老人更容易轻信陌生人。
3) A team of medical workers were sent to tend the survivors of wenchuan Earthquake.[来源:21世纪教育网]
一组医护人员被派去照料汶川地震的幸存者。
4) Nowadays there is a growing tendency for people to shop on internet.如今人们网上购物有增加的趋势
3. state vt.声明, 陈述 n.状况，情况；国家
[重点用法]
state+名词/that从句/wh-从句
statement n. 声明, 陈述
[典例]
1) She is in a terrible state today. 她今天心情不好。
2) the head of state国家首脑
3) He has publicly stated his support for the policy. 他已公开声明他会支持那项政策。
4. range n.行列, 范围；vt. 排列, 归类于
[重点用法]
beyond the range of…超越……的范围
out of one’s range某人达不到的
range oneself站在……的方面21世纪教育网
range from… to … / between… and …从……到……不等
5． average adj.平均的;一般的，普通的，中等的 n.平均，平均数
[典例]
1) His average result of this three subjects is 96. 他三科的平均成绩是96。
2) The average of 4, 8, and 60 is 24。 4、8和60的平均数是24。
[重点用法]
above the average 高于平均水平
below the average在一般水平以下
on the average平均, 按平均数计算; 一般地说
6. existence n.生存
[典例]
1) Anything in existence is reasonable.所有的存在都是合理的。
2) In the middle age, no one doubted about the existence of God中世纪时没人怀疑上帝的存在
[重点用法]
in existence存在
exist v.存在
7. refresh v.(使)精神振作, (使)精力恢复, 更新
[典例]
1) When tired, you can refresh yourself with a cup of tea困时喝杯茶提神
2) Refresh storage battery in case of being out of energy halfway.给蓄电池充电以免半路没电。
3) The host refreshed our teacups. 主人又为我们斟茶。
II.重点词组
1. come about 发生
【典例】
1) How did this come about 这是怎么发生的
2) I don't know how it came about but I've got a dent in the rear of my car.
我不知道是怎么回事，但我的汽车后部有了一个凹痕。
[短语归纳]
come along 出现, 发生；
come out 出来, 长出；
come to 达到；
come to oneself 苏醒, 醒悟；21世纪教育网
come up with 赶上, 提出
2. quantities of 大量的
[典例]
1) Before they enter an entrance examination, they have to do quantities of exercise.
在参加入学考试前，他们得做大量的练习。
2) He drinks large quantities of water every day.他每天都喝大量的水。
[短语归纳]
A (large) quantity of /quantities of+名词（可数/不可数）
A mount of/ amounts of+不可数名词
注意：以上短语修饰名词充当主语时，由quantity/amount的单复数决定谓语的单复数。
3. result in 导致
【典例】
1) Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration. 紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。
2) Acting before thinking always results in failure. 做事不先考虑总会导致失败.
3) The accident resulted in the death of two people. 这场意外事故造成两人死亡。
4) Excessive dosage of this drug can result in injury to the liver. 这种药使用过量会损害肝脏。
[短语归纳]
lead to作“导致”
result from 由...产生；
as result 因此; 结果；
as a result of作为...的结果; 由于...
without result 无效地, 毫无结果地；
4. be opposed to 反对
【典例】
1) All the states in UN were opposed to the war launched by Israel.所有的联合国成员国都反对以色列发起的这场战争。
2) Many residents in Guangzhou are opposed to the plan of tearing down the old buildings.
广州许多居民反对拆毁旧房子的计划。
[短语归纳]
表示反对：disagree with; object to; be against
表示赞成：agree with; be in favour of; be for
5. on behalf of 代表……一方
【典例】
1) My husband could not be here tonight, but l want to thank you on his behalf.我丈夫今晚因故不能前来, 我代表他向你们致谢。
2) We attended the global conference on behalf of our country.
6．put up with 忍受；容忍
【典例】
1) I'm not going to put up with this! 我再也受不了啦！
2) We have to put up with her bad temper. 我们只得忍受她的坏脾气。
3) Noise is coming to the point where we can't put up with it. 噪音快到我们无法忍受的地步。
[短语归纳]
put aside 节省；put away储存；put down写下
put off 延期； put out 熄灭； put up 举起；
7. so long as 只要
【典例】
1) As long as you don't betray me, I'll do whatever you ask me to (do).
只要你不出卖我，要我做什么我都愿意。
2) As long as live, I will help you. 只要我活着，我都会帮助你。
3) As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe. 如果你开车小心，你就会很安全。
4) I don't mind as long as it doesn't rain. 只要不下雨就行了。
[短语归纳]
on condition that …在……的条件下
III.重点句型
Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide. 这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫 “温室”气体,其中最重要的就是二氧化碳.
[解释]one/all/every/each/part… of which(whom)引导的定语从句，表示“他（它）们中的一个/所有/每/部分……”
[典例]
1) I have three good friends, all of whom have emigrated to U.S.A.我有三个好朋友，他们都移民美国了。
2) Here are many kitties, two of which are yellow.这有许多小猫，其中两只是黄色的。
三、语法突破
It 的用法（2）
21世纪教育网21世纪教育网It21世纪教育网用作引导词 1）用作形式主语，代替由不定式或不定式复合结构，表示的真正主语 It is better to lose a friend than to do this.与其这样做到不如失去一个朋友。It is fun for her to study, but it is difficult to study and work at the same time.对于她来 说学习是有趣的，可是要边工作边学习对她来说是困难的。
2）It +系动词+形容词（或名词）(+of /for +sb)+不定式短语。若要说明动词不定式的动作是由谁做的时候，后接for sb.。能用于这个句型的形容词有：difficult，hard，easy， possible，necessary， important等；如说明动词不定式的逻辑主语的性质、品质、特性时，后接of sb.。能用于这个句型的形容词有：nice，kind，wise，clever，foolish，stupid，bright，right，wrong，silly等。例如： It's very kind of you to call.你能给我打电话真是太好了。It's difficult for us to understand what she said.我们很难理解她说的话。
3）It takes/took sb. some time to do sth表示“花费某人多少时间做某事”。例如： How long will it take you to complete the trip 完成这次旅行你要花多长时间？21世纪教育网
4）It+ makes+宾语+宾补+不定式 。例如： It makes me uncomfortable to go swimming in such a cold day.在这样冷的天气里游泳，使得我非常不舒服。
5）It+ be+ time （for sb.）+不定式。 例如： It's time for us to go to school我们该去上学去了。It's high time that Robert went to school.罗勃特该去上学的时间了。
6）It+系动词+形容词或名词+名词性从句（真正的主语是名词性从句）。用于此句型中的名词词组常见的有:a pity, a shame, no wonder, a fact, an pleasure, a surprise, 等；如果形容词是表示建议、命令、要求等意义，从句中的谓语动词常用动词原形或省略should.这类常见的形容词有:necessary, important, possible, strange, good, lucky, interesting, glad,等。例如： It's a pity that I didn't think of it earlier.很可惜我没有早点考虑它。It is necessary that the young learn to use the computer.青年人学习使用电脑是十分必要的。
7）It+系动词+过去分词+名词性从句。 常用于此句型的分词有：said, told, reported, known, announced, expected, believed, thought, 等。在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动句中，从句中的谓语动词常用(should) do形式。这类常见的过去分词有：desired， suggested， advised， requested， ordered，proposed， commanded等。例如： It is said that (=People say that ) the meeting will be put off till next Friday.据说会议将推迟到下周五举行。It is known that(=People know that ) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.众所周知，世上无难事，只怕有心人。
8）It+系动词+现在分词+名词性从句。例如：21世纪教育网 It isn't surprising that he should marry her.他娶她没有什么惊奇的。It's inspiring that we've won the first three games.真令人鼓舞我们开头这三场比赛都赢了。
9）It+ look/seem/appear/ happen +that-clause。 此句型可转化为不定式结构，常见的此类动词有：seem, happen. appear. worry, matter。例如： It happened that I knew which room she lived in.我碰巧知道他住哪间房。It worried him that his hair has turned a little white.使他烦恼的是他的头发变的有点白了。It seems that he was late for the train.看来他没有搭上火车。
10）真正的主语是动名词It + be + no +use(good，help)+doing sth.此句型中的it作形式主语，动名词作真正主语，适用于这个句型的形容词有：use，useless， good， worthwhile等。例如： It was no use talking to them和他们谈论是没有用处的。It is no use asking him to come now. He is busy.请他现在就来是徒劳的，他很忙。
11）（在动词think，find，consider，feel，make，believe，expect等后）作形式宾语。例如： He found it important to study the situation of Russian他发现研究俄国形势是很重要的。We consider it not useful to do it.我们认为做那事是没有用的。This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry to develop very quickly.这就使得工 农业必须飞速发展。
12）主语+谓语+it宾补+名词性从句。例如： They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.他们要向公众表明，他们的工作不但重要而且是必不可少的。
2.it引导的几个容易混淆的句型有： 1）It +be的适当形式+时间+since从句这个句型表示从since从句中的谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为“自从……以来已多久了”。例如： It is(or has been)a year since returned home．我回家已有一年 。(当主句的表语是表示时间的累积数时，允许主句用现在一般时。本句不能改为:*I have returned home for a year．) It is a month since I called you up.我已有一个月未给你打电话了。(本句原意是：自从我上次给你打电话起，到现已有一个月了。) It is already a year since she was an engineer．她不当工程师已有一年。(不是“她当工程师已有一年”。)
2）It + be 的适当形式+时间+before从句 此句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语，如long，years，months，weeks，days，hours，minutes等。主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为“过多长时间才……”，主句谓语动词用否定式时，意为“没过多长时间就……”。如： It won't be long before we meet each other．我们不久就会见面的。It was not long before she recited those poems．没过多久她就背下了那些诗。
3）It +be的适当形式+时间+when从句 在这个句型中it指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，主句是will be时，when从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： It was already 10 o'clock when we got home．当我们到家时已经十点了。It will be midnight when they get there．他们到达那里时将会是半夜。
【考题印证】
1.（2012陕西卷）13. No matter where he is, he makes _____a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
A. him B this C. that D. it
【解析】D 。考查代词。所填词做使役动词make的形式宾语，真正宾语是to go for a walk，选D。
2.（2012全国II）9. Sarah made ______ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.
A. herself B. this C. that D. it
【解析】D。考查代词的用法。此处it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式短语。句意：Sarah今天早上成功地及时到达了机场赶上了她的航班。
3.（2012四川卷）2. New technologies have made ____ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
【解析】D。本题考查代词。题干为固定句型：make + it + adj. + to do。其中it作形式宾语，替代动词不定式to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost。句意为：新兴科技已经使得更快地、以更低的成本生产新产品成为可能。
【真题体验】
1.（2011天津卷,1）We feel our duty to make our country a better place.
A. it B. this C. that D. one
2.（2011山东卷,24）The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________ difficult to tell one from the other.
A. it B. them C. her D. that
3.（2011江西卷25）Why don’t you bring _____ to his attention that you’re too ill to work on
A. that B.it C.his D.him
4.（2011福建卷 33﹚It was April 29, 2001 ____ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A.that B.when C.since D.before
5.（2011四川卷 6﹚As it reported, it is 100 years _____________Qinghua University was founded.
A. when B. before C. after D. since
6.（2010 陕西）John thinks it won’t be long he is ready for his new job.
A. when B. after C. before D. since
7.（2011·河南郑州四中第一次调研）26.______ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.
A. This B. That C. What D. It
8.（2011陕西宝鸡质量检测）___ felt funny watching myself on TV.
A. One B. This C. It D. That
9.（2011山东济宁模拟一）_______ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.
A．This B．That C．What D．It
10.（2011北京丰台区模拟一）The foreign minister said, “_____ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A. This is 　　 　　 B. There is 　　 　　 C. That is 　　 　　 D. It is
【答案解析】
1.【解析】A。考查代词it的用法。句意为“我们觉得将我们的国家变得更好是我们的职责。”it在此句中充当形式宾语，代指“to make our country a better place”。 因此选A。
2.【解析】A。考查it的用法。句意为“这两个女孩长得很相像，不熟悉的人很难将她俩区分开来。”it在此句中充当形式宾语，代指“to tell one from the other”。 因此选A。
3.【解析】B。考查代词it作形式宾语的用法。句意为“为什么你不让他注意到你病得太严重了以至于不能工作下去？”it作形式宾语，指代句子后面that引导的宾语从句。因此选B。
4.【解析】B。考查时间状语从句。句意为：2001年4月29日，威廉王子和凯特步入了婚姻的殿堂。
5.【解析】D。考查状语从句。“It is + 时间段 +since + 从句（谓语为一般过去时）”为固定句型，故【答案】选D。句意为：“正如所报道的那样，自从清华大学建校以来已有100年时间了。”
6.【解析】C。考查状语从句。所填词引导状语从句, 构成It（will）be+时间段+状语从句, 意思是：过多久才将......, 选C。
7.【解析】D。考查代词的用法。此处it作形式主语，真正的主语是the way，he keeps changing his mind是the way的定语从句。
8.【解析】C。考查代词的用法。it为形式主语, 真正的主语为动名词短语watching myself on TV。
9.【解析】D。考查代词的用法。他不停地改变他的想法让我很烦恼。这是一个主语从句, the way he keeps changing his mind 是主语从句, it是形式主语。
10.【解析】D。考查代词的用法。 it作形式主语, 真正的主语是其后面的that引导的主语从句。
四、单元自测
第一节 单项选择
1. Is it _______ to you that the government is having a hard time now
A. of much important B. of much consequence
C. of very important D. of many consequence
2. Something must be done to ______ the river from _________.
A. stop; being polluted B. stop; polluting
C. prevent; pollution D. keep; polluted
3. There ______ quantities of apples in the basket and there was ______ milk in the bucket.
A. were; a number of B. was; quantities of
C. was; a good many D. were; a quantity of
4._______ we get good weather it will be a successful holiday. Which is wrong
A. So long as B. Provided that C.So long D. On condition that
5. —Go for a picnic this weekend, ok
— _______. I love getting close to nature.
A. I don’t think so. B. I believe not. C. I couldn’t agree more D. I am afraid not.
6. — Now, where is my purpose
— ________! We will be late for the picnic.
A. Come on B. Don’t worry C. Take your time D. Take it easy.
7. It was not until 1999 ________ regular radio broadcast began.
A. while B. which C.that D. since
8. Can it be in the restaurant _____ we had dinner last Sunday ______ you left your wallet
A.where; where B. where; that C. that ; where D. that; that
9. —What’s the matter with you
— ______ the window , my finger was cut unexpectedly.
A. Cleaning B.To clean C. While cleaning D. While I was cleaning
10. The other day , my brother drove his car down the street at ______ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which C. there D. what
11．________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare B. When comparing
C. Comparing D. When compared
12．Please tell me how the accident_____. I am still in the dark.
A. came by B. came out
C. came to D. came about
13．The accident ______ the death of two passengers.
A. resulted from B. resulted in C. resulted of D. resulted with
14．It was 1969___ the American astronauts succeeded in landing on the moon.
A. that B. when C. on which D. which
15. _______, we’ll go camping.
A. weather permits B. If weather will permit
C. weather permitting D. weather permitted
第二节 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分；满分30分）
阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
About 15 years ago I was studying at a university in Germany．The people with whom I 1
most of my time were a group of friends．Sometimes we went out together for（ 2），but most of the time we did our own parties back at someone’s home．First we sat and talked and at some point during the night we 3 the chairs and tables and started 4 ．It may not sound that special when I write about it, 5 what was special to me was the 6 we shared for each other．For example，in the eyes you saw support, you saw laughter．You 7 there was always a shoulder you could lean on．
Time passed by and we all went our own ways， 8 our own goals．I made my way passing
Ireland and India for several years．Now just a few days ago I 9 one of my old friends again．We sat and talked and after 15 years we shared our 10 again from that time．
On my way back home from our 11 it made me think a lot．My last weeks and months were
full of problems，which left me in 12 spirits．But the meeting and the sweet memories I 13
with my old friends 14 all my negative thoughts and feelings，15 me warmth and happiness．‘
At this moment I understood me 16 of helping and supporting each other in a different way．It didn’t really 17 what goal we had all together, but the respect and love and joy we shared with each other 18 an experience and memory that 19 forever．It can not be destroyed by negative feelings．No，even better, it can wipe out your 20 mood and give you support．
1．A．played B．killed C．spent D．wasted
2．A．dinners B．parties C．sights D．adventures
3．A．put down B．put off C．put up D．put away
4．A．dancing B．singing C．joking D．walking
5．A．so B．but C．and D．however
6．A．wealth B．strength C．opinion D．support
7．A．proved B．felt C．noticed D．expected
8．A．following B．making C．desiring D．changing
9．A．lost B．missed C．met D．dated
10．A．dreams B．memories C. relationship D. goals
11．A．journey B. classroom C. university D. meeting
12：A．low B. high C. proud D. good
13．A．set B. accepted C. shared D. discovered
14．A．increased B. removed C. developed D. mixed
15．A．showing B. spreading C. causing D. giving
16．A．value B. chance C. need D. measure
17．A．do B. work C. matter D. account
18．A．improved B. filled C. realized D. created
19．A．stays B. passes C. happens D. links
20．A．good B. bad C. simple D. special
单元自测答案：
第一节 1-5 BADCC 6-10 ACBDD11-15DDBBC
第二节 1—5 CBDAB 6—10 DBACB 11一15 DACBD 16—20 ACDAB
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
人教新课标版高二选修六Unit 3 A healthy life期末知识梳理
一、训练导入
I.考纲单词
写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)
1.abuse
2.stress
3.ban
4.due
5.addicted
6.mental
7.quit
8.effect
9.strengthen 21世纪教育网
10.chemist
11.disappointed
12.ashamed
13.sex
14.male
15.awkward
II.核心短语
1．___________to由于
2．be___________to 习惯与
3．___________risks/a risk 冒险
4．___________risk 处境危险；遭受危险
5．ban_____________sth 禁止做某事
6．___________on 对……作出决定21世纪教育网
7．in___________of 不顾；不管
8．get___________陷入；染上（坏习惯）
9．___________is 也就是说
10．___________a diet 节食
二、知识精讲
I.重点词汇
1. abuse n.&v.滥用；虐待
[典例]
1) We abuse land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us”
我们滥用土地，因为我们把它当作属于自己的商品.
2) He greeted me with a stream of abuse, which made me feel sad.
他迎面对我一顿痛骂,这使我很难过.
[重点用法]
drug abuse滥用药品
child abuse虐待儿童
2. ban n.&v.禁止；取缔；禁令
[重点用法]
ban…from sth./doing sth.禁止做某事
a ban on关于……的禁令
[典例]
1) From last June, there is a ban on offering plastic bags for free in supermarket.
从去年六月份开始禁止超市无偿提供塑料袋。
2) People are banned from smoking in many public places in England.在英国许多公共场所禁止吸烟。
3. due adj. 应付的,到期的,预期的21世纪教育网
[典例]21世纪教育网
1) Their plane is due in 15 minutes. 他们的飞机预定在15分钟后到达
2) The electricity bill is due today . 今天该交电费了.
3) A great deal of money is due to you 这些钱应该付给你。
[重点用法]
due to因为……；归因于，归功于
be due to do sth.定于某时做某事
4. addicted adj.成习惯而离不开…
[重点用法]
be addicted to sth／doing sth沉溺于……；专心做……
addict oneself to sth沉溺于……
[典例]
1) 50 million Americans are thought to be addicted to nicotine．据说有五百万美国人有烟瘾。
2) Many kids have now become addicted to surfing the Net．很多孩子现在沉迷于上网
3) He is an addicted traveler．他是个旅行迷。
5. accustomed adj. 通常的
[重点用法]
be(become／grow／get accustomed)to(doing)sth．习惯于(与get used to sth./doing sth.同义)21世纪教育网
accustom oneself to sh./doing sth.使自己习惯于…..;养成…….的习惯
[典例]
1) We were accustomed to working together．我们习惯了一起工作。
2) Having moved to the northeast of China, I had to accustom myself to the dry weather.
搬到东北后，我不得不使自己适应干燥的气候。
6. quit (quit/quitted) vt.停止 (作某事);离职
[典例]
1) I am so tired that I decide to quit next month.我很累了，所以我打算下个月辞职。
2) I had to quit the gathering in order to be home by midnight.为了能在午夜前到家，我不得不离开聚会
3) He quit smoking, and talked something to the person next to him.他停下烟，和旁边的人说着什么。
[重点用法]
quit doing sth.(必须接名词或动名词做宾语) 除此，以下动词有类似用法suggest; practise; risk(冒险);
enjoy; escape; admit; advise; allow; appreciate; avoid; deny; mind; miss; permit; consider; forbid; finish;
prevent; keep ; delay; dislike; imagine;
6. survival n.幸存
[重点用法]
survive v.幸免于，幸存
survivor n.幸存者
[典例]
1) As is known, we need food and water for survival.众所周知，为了生存我们需要食物和水。
2) The house survive the storm.经历暴风雪，房子依然没事。
II.重点词组
1. feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 ;
[典例]
I feel like drinking a cup of hot tea in the cold winter every evening.
在寒冷的冬天里,我每个晚上都要喝杯热茶
I feel like lying on the bed and listening to the music.我喜欢躺在床上听歌.
He feels like a faithful before that learned scholar.
在这个知识渊博的学者面前,他就象一个忠诚的信徒.
It feels like a snake.这摸上去像是条蛇.
[短语归纳]
would like to do sth.想要做某事
prefer to do sth.喜欢做某事
would rather do … than do…情愿做……而不愿…
prefer doing (sth.) to (doing) sth. 情愿做……而不愿…
enjoy doing sth.喜欢/乐意做某事
2. take a risk/risks 冒险
[典例]
1) I know that I am taking a risk, but it is all worthwhile.我知道我是在冒险,但这非常值得。
2) He took the risk of losing his own life and saved my life in the cold river.
他冒着失去自己生命的危险，在冰冷的河水里救了我的命。
[短语归纳]
at risk冒风险；处于危险中
at the risk of sth./doing sth.冒。。。的危险
risk doing冒险做。。。
at one’s own risk自担风险
3. in spite of 不管;尽管
[典例]
1) They kept going in spite of their fears. 他们不顾害怕继续前进。
2) In spite of the heavy rain, he came on time.尽管雨很大,他还是按时来了。
[同义归纳]
regardless of不管，不顾，尽管；后跟名词，动名词，代词，名词短语等。
despite=in spite of
although尽管,后跟从句
4. get into陷入
[典例]
1) He got into the habit of smoking following his father’s example.他学他的父亲,染上了吸烟的习惯。
2) You may get into trouble, if you always tease others.如果你总是取笑别人，你会惹上麻烦的。
[短语归纳]
get over a difficulty克服困难
get over a cough咳嗽好了
get down to sth./doing sth.开始做某事
get through to you打通你的电话
get through the work完成工作
III.重点句型 [来源:21世纪教育网]
1. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking
当因为我不再适合而被学校足球队开除以后，我意识到自己是时候戒烟了.
[解释] It is (high/about) time for sb. to do sth.=It is (high/about) time that sb. did/should do sth.该某人做某事的时候了。
[典例]
It is high time for us to say good-bye.=It is high time that we should say good-bye.到我们分别的时候了。
三、语法突破
It 的用法（1）
1.（ 指心目中或上下文中的人或物）这；那；它。 It's a part-time job, so I only work evenings.这是一件零活，我只是在晚上做。I can’t stand it (= this situation) any longer! 我再也不能忍受这种情况了!How’s it (= your life, work, etc.) going 近况如何 The worst of it is that we’ll have to get the repairs done again. 最糟糕的是我们还得再次修理。If it’s convenient I can see you tomorrow. 要是方便的话,我明天可以见你。
2.（指无生命的或性别不详的或性别无关紧要的小孩或动物）它。 What a beautiful baby! Is it a boy 多漂亮的婴孩！ 是个男孩吗？Who is knocking at the door —It's me谁在敲门？是我 。
3.（指成为问题或话题的对象的人或物）那个；这个。 “What's that？” “It's a book(a colors television).”那是什么？那是一本书（一台彩色电视机）“Who is on the phone ” It’s Mary.”谁的电话？是玛丽的。
4.用作主语表示时间、天气、气温、距离、环境等等一般不译出。例如： It is tea time. Mrs. Tuner goes into the kitchen.到了喝茶的时间了，特纳夫人走进了厨房。
It was winter. it was ten degree below zero.现在是冬天，气温是零下10度。
It is only half an hour walk to the tall tower. 只有半小时的路程就可以到达高塔了。
5.不是非常明确具体指什么等不译出。 I hate it when people speak with their mouths full of food.我讨厌人们嘴里含着饭说话。Can you make it to the station in ten minutes 在十分钟内你能赶到车站吗？I like it in autumn when the weather is clear and bright.我喜欢秋天的季节，那个时候天气晴朗明媚。I would appreciate it if you didin’t smoke in the room.如果你不在房间里吸烟，我会很感激的。
6.用于强调句型中为了强调句子的某一成分，把引导词“it”用在句首，这种强调句的结构是“It is （was ）＋所强调的成分（主语、宾语、状语）＋that…”，表达的意思为“是…，正是…，就是…”。“it ”在这种句型中本身没什么实际意义。 My temperature! It's my back that hurts.我的体温！是我的背痛。
It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. 决不只有盲人才犯这样愚蠢的错误。
这里需要说明的是：如被强调的是人，则后面用who或that， 如被强调的是物或其他情况，则用that。 It was yesterday that I met Bob in your room. 我就是昨天在你的房间遇见鲍勃的。
It was in your room that I met Bob yesterday. 我就是在你的房间昨天遇见鲍勃的。
It was Bob that I met in your room yesterday. 昨天我在你房间遇见的就是鲍勃。21世纪教育网
【考题印证】
1.（2012湖南卷）30.It was not until came here_______I realized this place was famous, for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A. who B. that C. where D. before
【解析】B。本题考查强调句。把it was及空去掉，可转换为一个完整的句子。且这是表示“直到……时才”的句型之一：it was not until … that …。复合句 强调句型that
2.（2012重庆卷）32. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic______ Zheng sailed to East Africa
A. when B. that C. after D. since
【解析】B。特殊句式—强调句型。句子虽然比较长，但是其主干为强调句型，是对“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”进行了强调，由此可知，空白处应该填写“that”。因此，正确答案为B选项。
3.（2011四川卷15）Was it on a lonely island ______ he was saved one month after the boat went down
A. where B. that C. which D. what
【解析】B。考查强调句。此处强调的是句子的地点状语on a lonely island，是强调句的一般疑问句句型：Was it + 被强调部分+ that +句子？句意：“他是不是在小船沉没一个月后在一个孤岛上被营救的？”
4.（2011北京卷,34）The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase .
A. them B. those C. it D. that
【解析】C。考查代词it的用法。句意为“由于当地政府的努力，大城市里的就业率持续升高。”it代指前面交代过的“the employment rate”，是单数，而them和those是复数。因此选C。
5.（2010陕西卷）The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ____ in any other area of the city.
A. that B. this C. it D. one 21世纪教育网
【解析】A。考查代词。所填词用于比较状语从句中, 指代句子的主语cost, 即指代不可数名词, 用that。This指代下文即将提到的事物；it指代 “同一物”；one指代 “同类中的一个”之意。
【真题体验】
1.（2011陕西卷）23.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do______benefits our work most.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
2.（2011重庆卷）32—Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree
— Of course, I have. It was in our village _______ it was made.
A .that B. where C. when D. which
3.（2011湖南卷）35.It’s not what we do once in a while ______ shapes our lives, but what we do consistently
A .which B. that C. how D. when
4.（2010湖南卷）John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work has made him what he is today.
A. why B. when C. which D. that
5.（2009四川卷）I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy__________.
A. one B. it C. this D. that
6.（2009浙江卷）－I’ve read another book this week.
－Well, maybe _____ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
A. this B. that C. there D. it
7.【2012届山西太原五中4月月考】32. ---Who is knocking at the door
--- _______.
A. They are the children B. There are the children
C. It is the children D. That is the children
8.【2011届江苏省苏、锡、常、镇四市高三调研测试（一）】34. Mistakes will happen. Accept __________ and learn from________.
A. it; them B. them; it C. it; it D. them; them
9. （北京朝阳2011届高三一模） I'd appreciate _____if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A. that B. it C. this D. one
10.（2011·广西桂林中学第一次月考）22. —Is that a book on painting If so, I want to borrow .
—Yes, it is.
A. this B. it C. one D. the one
【答案解析】
1.【解析】C。考查强调句。强调句型:It is/was +被强调部分+that连接句子的其他部分。答案选择C。
2.【解析】A。考查强调句。问话人询问对方是否看过《山楂树之恋》这部电影，答话人回答说当然看过，这部电影是在自己的村庄拍摄的。本句是强调句，被强调的部分是地点状语in our village。强调状语in our village。
3.【解析】B。考查强调句型。强调主语。故选B。句子意思：决定我们生活的东西不是我们偶尔所做的事情而是那些我们自始至终所做的事情。
4.【解析】D。考查强调句型。题干为强调句型, 被强调部分为years of hard work, 故选D项。
5.【解析】B。考查不定代词的用法。意思是：我喜欢这个前面有一个美丽花园的房子, 但是我没有足够多的钱去把它买下来。第一句话中的this house表明在该语境中是特指的用法, 所以答案为it, 表示特指。该题容易误选one, 要注意的是one表示泛指。
6.【解析】D。考查强调句型。句中 “not how much you read”足以做动词count的主语, 所以选D使之构成强调句型。
7.【解析】C。考查代词的用法。此处it指身份不明的人。句意：谁在敲门？---是孩子们。
8.【解析】A。考查代词的用法。第一空it指代“错误总会发生的”这一事实；第二空从错误中吸取教训。句意：错误总会发生的。接受它并且从错误中吸取教训。
9.【解析】Ｂ。主要考查代词。译文为：如果你愿意教我们如何使用这台电脑，我将会重视它。“它“在这代指”“如何使用电脑”这件事，所以用it来代替，故选B。
10.【解析】B。考查代词的用法。此处it表示“同一指代”，其指代上文提到的那本书。
四、单元自测
第一节 单项选择
1.____ needs further discussion whether we’ll build a library or not.
A .We B. He C. It D. The thing
2.Although we hadn’t met for twenty years I recognized him ___ I saw him.
A. the moment B. one moment C. by the moment D. for the moment
3.So clever a student ____ that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
A .he was B. did he C .was he D. has he been
4.It was in the village ____ we used to live ___ the accident happened.
A. where; that B. which; that C. that; where D. where; which
5.The old man said the accident ___ careless driving, so a lot of money ___ be paid by the driver.
A. was due to; was due to B. dued to; was due to
C .is due to; was due to D. is due to; is due to
6.____ his being late again, he lost his job and had nothing to do.
A. Owe to B. Due to C. In case of D. Because of
7.You might wonder how it ___ to live without eating for so many months.
A .keeps B. succeeds C. manages D. tries
8.They have decided ____ to Canada for their holidays.
A. not going B .not go C .not on going D. against going
9.If we don't start now, we must risk ____ the train.
A .being missed B. missing C. to miss D. miss
10.Which do you enjoy _____ your spare time, playing computer at home or taking a walk in the park
A. spending B. to spend C. having spent D. to have spent
11.I am not ______ up late.
A .accustomed staying B. accustomed to staying C. used to stay D. addicted to stay
12.The question is ____ for the students to answer.
A. enough easy B. enough easily C. easy enough D .easily enough
13.____ is no good ____ without doing anything.
A. This; talking B. It; to talk C. It; talking D. That; to talk
14.---How often do you eat out
--- ___, but usually once a week.
A .Have no idea B. It depends C .As usual D .Generally speaking
15.---How do you spend your spare time
---I ____ playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park.
A. feel like B .expect C. want D. would like
第二节 完形填空
阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The purpose of a letter of application is to help you to “sell” yourself. It should state 1 the job you want, and should tell what your abilities are and what you have 2 . It should be simple, human, personal and brief without 3 out any necessary fact.
In writing a letter of application, keep in 4 that the things a possible employer is most 5 to want to know about are your qualifications(条件), your achievements and your aims. The opening paragraph is perhaps the most important part. 6 the first few sentences fail to 7 the reader’s attention, the rest of the letter may not be 8 at all. Try to key your opening remarks to the needs or interests of the employer not 9 your own needs or desires. For example, instead of beginning with “I saw your 10 in today’s paper.” you might say “I have made a careful 11 of your advertising during the past six months” or “I have made a survey in my neighborhood to find out how many housewives 12 your product and why they like it.”
Try to 13 generalities. Be clear about the kind of job for which you are now 14 . College graduates looking for their first positions often ask “What can I 15 in a letter Employers want experience, which, naturally, no 16 has.” The answer is that everything you have ever done is 17 .
It is important to write a good strong closing for your letter. 18 a specific request for an interview or give the possible employer something definite to do or expect. An excellent 19 is to enclose(内附) a stamped, self-addressed envelope with your letter. That makes it 20 for a possible employer to get in touch with you.
1.A. clearly B. carefully C. obviously D. easily
2.A. found B. done C. known D. heard
3.A. sending B. taking C. leaving D. picking 21世纪教育网
4.A. brain B. sight C. order D. mind
5.A. probable B. possible C. likely D. able
6.A. While B. Although C. As D. If
7.A. pay B. win C. show D. fix
8.A. kept B. continued C. written D. read
9.A. to B. for C. into D. from
10.A. advertisement B. report C. article D. introduction
11.A. watch B. search C. study D. discussion
12.A. change B. make C. sell D. use
13.A. avoid B. remember C. protect D. gain
14.A. losing B. applying C. preparing D. fitting
15.A. offer B. supply C. mean D. provide
16.A. worker B. beginner C. owner D. manager
17.A. success B. development C. practice D. experience
18.A. Make B. Ask C. State D. Get
19.A. result B. decision C. promise D. idea
20.A. happier B. easier C. cheaper D. safer
第三部分：阅读理解
A
When middle-aged Alex quit his job and made up his mind to become a self-employed writer, no one could tell for sure whether he would succeed or not. He found a cold storage room in a building, set up a used typewriter and settled down to work.
After a year or so, however, Alex began to doubt himself. He found it was difficult to earn his living by selling what he wrote. But Alex determined to put his dream to the test-even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.
One day Alex got a call, “We need an assistant, and we’re paying $6,000 a year.” $6,000 was real money in 1960. It would enable Alex to get a nice apartment, a used car and more. Besides, he could write in his spare time. As the dollars were dancing in Alex’s head, something cleared his senses. He had dreamed of being a writer—full time. “Thanks, but no,” Alex said firmly and swiftly, “I’m going to stick it out and write.”
After Alex got off the phone, he pulled out everything he had: two cans of vegetables and 18 cents. Alex put the cans and cents into a paper bag, saying to himself, “There’s everything you’ve made of yourself so far. I’m not sure I ever felt so low.”
Finally his work was published in 1970. Instantly he had the kind of fame and success that few writers ever experience. The shadows had turned into focus of attention.
Then one day, Alex found a box filled with things he had owned years before. Inside was a paper bag with two cans and 18 cents. Suddenly he pictured himself working in that cold storage room. It reminds Alex, and anyone with a dream, of the courage and persistence it takes to stay the course(持续到底) in the shadow land.
1. Why did Alex give up his job
A. Because he didn’t like the working conditions.
B. Because he couldn’t earn enough to make a living.
C. Because he wanted to be a full-time writer.
D. Because he felt he had no potential in his job.
2. What did Alex express when he answered the call
A. He refused the job offer.
B. He was willing to give them a hand.
C. He expected them to pay him more money.
D. He would write in his spare time.
3. What kind of person is Alex
A. Determined. B. Modest. C. Shy. D. Brave.
4. Which of the following can summarize the passage best
A. Look before you leap.
B. Two heads are better than one.
C. Hold on to your dream and it will come true.
D. A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.
B
The secret of carrier pigeons’ unbelievable ability to find their way home has been discovered by scientists; the feathered navigators follow the roads just like we do.
Scientists now believe the phrase “as the crow flies” no longer means the shortest most direct route between two points. They say it is likely that crows and other birds also choose AA—suggested routes, even though it makes their journeys longer.
Scientists at Oxford University spent 10 years studying homing pigeons using global positioning satellite(GPS) and got a surprising result. The birds often don’t use the sun to decide their directions.
Instead they fly along motorways, turn at crossing and even go around roundabouts(绕道), adding miles to their journeys.
“It really has knocked our research team sideways to find that after a decade-long international study, pigeons appear to ignore their inbuilt directional instincts(本能) and follow the road system,” said Prof Tim Guilford, reader in animal behavior at Oxford University’s Department of Zoology.
Guilford said pigeons use their own navigational system(导航系统) when doing long distance trips or when a bird does a journey for the first time.
“But once homing pigeons have flown a journey more than once, they can fly home on a habitual route, much as we do when we are driving or walking home from work,” said Guilford.
“In short, it looks like it is mentally easier for a bird to fly down a road. They are just making their journey as simple as possible.”
5. What would be the best title of the passage
A. How Pigeons Find Their Ways Home
B. Why Pigeons Can Fly Long Distance
C. Birds Follow Roads As We Do
D. Why Crows Fly the shortest Distance
6. Scientists used to think that homing pigeons often find their directions _______.
A. by global positioning satellite B. by the sun
C. by the road system D. by following other birds
7. Why do homing pigeons tend to follow the road system during their journey
A. Because they don’t have their inbuilt directional instincts now.
B. Because their own navigational system doesn’t work.
C. Because it is too hard to use their own navigational system.
D. Because it is easier to make journey simple by following road system.
单元自测答案：
第一节 1-5 CACAA 6-10DCDBB 11-15BCCBA
第二节 1—5 ABCDC 6—10 DBDAA 11—15 CDABD 16—20 BDADB 1-5
第三节 1—5 CAACA 6—7 BD[来源:21世纪教育网]
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
人教新课标版高二选修六Unit 5 The power of nature期末知识梳理
一、训练导入
I.考纲单词
写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)
1.volcano
2.ash
3. anxious
4.equipment
5.appoint
6.wave
7.absolute
8.suit
9.actual
10.precious
11.fog
12.document
13.rainbow
14.shoot
15.sweat
II.核心短语
1．be suitable__________ 适合……
2．be__________ as被任命为……
3．be__________ about 因----而焦虑
4．__________ from……to…… 由……到……不等
5．__________ one’s way to前往……
6．__________ to the ground,全部焚毁
7．be buried under the __________被埋在废墟
8．__________ through 匆匆看一遍
9．have a__________ for 有……天赋
10．be__________ about 对……乐观
二、知识精讲
I.重点词汇
1. equipment n.[U]
[典例]
1) After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment was damaged.
实验室发生火灾后，许多设备都毁坏了.
2) A good sleeping bag is an essential part of every camper’s equipment.
一个完好的睡袋是每个露宿者必不可少的装备。
[重点用法]
equip sb./sth. with sth. 用…装备起来./使具备…
2. appoint vt.约定; 任命, 委任
[典例]
1) He was appointed mayor of the city. 他被任命为市长。
2) Please appoint a time for the meeting请你约定开会时间
[重点用法]
break an/ one's appointment 违约, 失约
have an appointment with sb. at要在某时间和某人有约会
keep an /one's appointment 守约
Make/ fix an appointment with sb. 与某人约会
by appointment 按照约定, 照章
hold an appointment 担任某职
3. evaluate vt.评估，评价，估计
[重点用法]
evaluation n. ［C] [U] 评估，评价，评估报告
evaluate one’s ability 评估某人的能力；
evaluate the value/quality of sth. 评估某物的价值/质量
[典例]
1) I cannot evaluate his ability without seeing his work.没见过他的工作，我无法评估他的能力。
2) They made an intensive evaluation of the health care program.他们对医疗保健计划进行了深入的评估.
4. precious adj.贵重的，珍贵的
[重点用法]
preciously adv. 昂贵地；
preciousness n. 珍贵
同义词：expensive adj. 花费的, 昂贵的
[典例]
1) You should make good use of every precious minute to study.
你应很好利用宝贵的每一分钟去学习。
2) That old book is my most precious possession. 那本旧书是我最珍贵的财产。
3) My time is precious; I can only give you a few minutes. 我的时间很宝贵，我只能见你几分钟。
5. panic (panicked; panicked) v.惊慌n.惊慌，恐慌
[重点用法]
in a panic感到惊慌;惊恐地
[典例]
1) The children panicked when the plans flied over the city.
当飞机飞过城市的上空,孩子们惊慌失措.
2) The thunder panicked the baby.雷声吓坏了婴儿
3) People in panic had nothing to do but wait for death.惊恐万分的人们只好坐以待毙.
6. diverse adj.多种多样的，不同的
[典例]
1) Her interests are very diverse. 她的兴趣非常广泛。
2) They are the people from diverse cultures. 他们是些有着不同文化背景的人。
3) The program deals with subjects as diverse as pop music and Beijing Opera.
节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这样形形色色的题材。
[重点用法]
diversity n. 差异, 多样性；
diversify v. 使多样化, 作多样性的投资
various adj. 不同的, 各种各样的, 多方面的, 多样的；
different adj. 不同的
7. guarantee vt.保证，担保 n.保证, 保证书,保修
[重点用法]
guarantor 担保人；保证人
stand guarantee for ...替...担任保证人；
guarantee of sth./that ……的保证；
guarantee sth against sth. 许诺……反对……；
bank guarantee 银行担保；
offer one's house as a guarantee以房屋为担保品；
[典例]
1) Blue skies are not always a guarantee of fine weather. 蔚兰的天空并不永远保证晴朗的天气。
2) Many shopkeepers guarantee satisfaction to customers. 许多店主对顾客保证满意。
3) We cannot guarantee the punctual arrival of trains in fogy weather. 雾天我们不能保证火车准时到达。
II.重点词组
1. compare……with 将……与……比较(强调将两者进行比较)
[短语归纳]
compare A to B将…比作…(强调比喻)
compared to/with与……相比较起来(在句中充当状语成分,用过去分词,介词可互换)
[典例]
1) Man's life is often compared to a candle. 人生常被喻为蜡烛。
2) I compared the copy with the original, but there was not much difference.
我比较了复印件和原件，但是差别不是很大。
3) Compared with/to boys, girls are more quiet and shy.相比男孩,女孩子要更文静害羞些.
2. burn to the ground全部烧毁
[短语归纳]
burn up（因热度过高）烧坏；烧毁；燃得更旺
burn away继续燃烧；
burn down 全部焚毁; 火势减弱；
burn itself out烧尽; 烧完；
burn oneself out耗尽精力, 精疲力竭；
burn one's face in the sun 晒黑了脸；
burn one's money把钱挥霍掉
[典例]
1) Everybody is burning to know the good news. 大家都急于想知道这则好消息。
2) Don't leave the gas on you might burn the house down. 别忘了关煤气炉--不然会把房子烧掉的。
3) The house burnt down in half an hour. 那所房子在半小时之内就被焚为平地。
make one’s way前往;非常艰难地行进；有出息
[短语归纳]
by the way 顺便说说；
by way of 途经；
go out of one's way 尽力；
mend one's ways 改邪归正；
out of the way反常的；
[典例]
1) If you want to make your way in the world, you must learn to work hard while you are still young.
你如果想有出息，年轻的时候就要学会勤奋。
2) Will you be able to make your way to Taiwan 你能自己去台湾吗？
3) She hesitated, but made her way forward. 她犹豫了一下，还是向前走去。
4) The Red Army made their way from the south of China to the northwest, which is called the Long March. 中国工农红军从中国南方艰难地走到西北，这就叫做长征。
3. impress sb. with sth. 使某人铭记某事
[短语归纳]
be impressed by为……所感动；对……有印象
make an impression on sb. that 给某人留下……印象
[典例]
1) The song impresses me with the old days in college.这首歌使我记起了大学里以往的日子。
2) All the tourists are impressed by the amazing sunset.所有的游客都被美妙的日落景象迷住了。
3) His talking and appearance made an impression on us that he had ever received a good education.他的言行举止让我们感觉到他曾经受过很好的教育。
III.重点句型
1. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
我刚要回去再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
[解释]be (just) about to do…when…“正要做……这时(突然)……
[典例]
1) I was just about to go out when the phone rang.我刚要出去这时电话响了。
2) I was just about to leave when he came.我刚要离开，他就来了。
2. It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
[解释] It is said that…据说…… 相类似的句型结构: It is proved/ announced/ believed/ expected/stated/ thought /reported that….
[典例]21世纪教育网
1) It is said that China is going to launch another spaceship this year.
据说中国会在今年发射令一个宇宙飞船.21世纪教育网
2) It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later
life.孩童时多吃蔬菜有助于保护你以后免受疾病的困扰已经得到证实。
三、语法突破
动词形式ing作状语
现在分词作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语或结果状语、补充说明、方式状语等来探讨现在分词的用法特点。
1）用作表示原因 分词短语作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，常放在句首。例如： Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。Many of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night. 因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。
分词短语作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，常放在句首。(分词作状语，前面可加when，while等)如： The poor of the cities, having lived such a hard life, took up their guns.(=As they had lived such a hard life, the poor of the cities. Took up their guns)城市贫民由于过着那样艰苦的生活，所以他们都拿起了武器。Well known for his expert advice, he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs.他（在探案方面）的足智多谋广为人知。因此，他能够帮助很多人解决私事。
2）用作表示时间状语从句 由于现在分词具有和谓语动词同时性的特点，所以表示时分词所表示的动词和谓语动词所表示的动作一般都是同时或接着发生的。在表示两个紧接着发生的动作时其紧凑感常常是用when, while引出。例如： Hearing the news( When they heard the news), they immediately set off for the station.他们听到这个消息后，立即出发到车站了。Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。
注意：表示与主句中谓语动词同时性的现在分词强调时间意义时，分词前可以加上while, when等从属连接词，但as没有这种用法。如： Don’t talk while having dinner. 吃饭时不要说话。When crossing the street, do be careful. 过马路时要小心。While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。
3）用作表示伴随状语从句 用现在分词表达和谓语动词同时进行的动作，谓语动词表示一个重要动作分词表示一个次要动作 ，分词常放在句末。具有一种生动的描绘功能。例如： They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。But later people developed a way of printing; using rock.但是以后，人们利用石块发展印刷术。The man went hunting in the woods his dog following him.那人去森林狩猎，身后跟着一只狗。
4）用作表示目的状语从句 两句也可用in order to或 so as to来表示目的，但其效果远不如用分词表示。[来源:21世纪教育网] Piles of stones lie in a corner of the courtyard ,waiting to be replaced.院子的一个角落里放着一堆堆石头准备作更换之用。Most animals will stand away from the lion, keeping themselves safe from the danger.大多数动物总是远离狮子，以保护自身安全免遭危险。
5）用作表示补充说明 从例句可以看出有一个共同的特点：前半部分都是陈述一件事实或提出一个看法，而现在分词短语则辅助一—进一步的细节，描述来为之提供情况以增加或完善句子内容。 A satellite has equipment for making electricity from sunshine, using very broad sun panels.人造卫星有太阳能发电设备，使用的是很大的太阳能电池板。There will be a writer writing the text for the advertisement and designer who will design it, using pictures or photographs and the text.广告词将有专人撰写广告师、设计师则用图片或照片和广告词来设计广告。
6）用作表示方式或方法 在分词作方式状语时，可置于句首也可置于句末，具有很强的描绘色彩和感彩。以第一句为例，突出表现了画家用手指，而不是用笔作画这一与众不同之处。同时也表现了作者的羡慕和好奇之情。 Using his fingers and thumb, the painter drew a picture of wood within ten minutes.画家用他的手指和大拇指在十分钟内画成了一幅森林画。Traveling by train，we visit a number of cities．我们坐火车参观了好多城市。The sperm whale therefore has to look for the squid using sound waves.因此巨头鲸必须用声波去搜寻鱿鱼。21世纪教育网
7）用作表示条件状语从句 A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.一个人如站在大山的脚下会发现自己很渺小。
注：-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。 上述例句中的现在分词短语相当于条件句，但他们比用表示的条件显得更简洁。值得注意的是例句2中的分词短语其逻辑主语并非是句子的主语，在这句里，分词短语所表示的是客观或设想条件。 Working diligently，you will certainly succeed．只要刻苦学习，你就会成功的。21世纪教育网Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes. 如果你更细心，你会犯更少的错误。
8）用作表示让步状语从句 Admitting what you say, you are still in the wrong(=Though we admit what you say.)尽管我们承认你所说的，你仍然是错的。Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
9）用作表示结果状语 The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable. 大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。Football is played in more than 80 countries, making it a popular sport. 80多个国家都踢足球，因此足球成了一种很流行的运动。 She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。
10）现在分词可作独立成分 在句中没有逻辑主语，可以独立存在。它们往往已成为习惯语：generally(strictly，etc)speaking一般(严格等)地讲considering…考虑、从判断…… supposing．．．假定…… Strictly(honestly/generally)speaking, this book is not very difficult.总的来说，这书并不难。Judging from what you say, he has done a very good job.从你的话来看，他的工作做的不错。
现在分词与过去分词做状语的区别[来源:21世纪教育网]
1)现在分词在句中可作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。现在分词作状语具有以下几个特性：
(1)时间性：与谓语动作同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done；
(2)语态性：与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则是“主动进行，被动完成”；
(3)人称一致性：分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
2）过去分词作状语，在句子中也可用作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语，相当于一个状语从句。与现在分词不同的是过去分词表示被动关系，所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动作之前或同时发生。
Hearing the news (=When they heard the news)，they all jumped with joy．
Given better attention (If the plants were given better attention)，the plants could grow better．
【考题印证】
1.（2012江西卷）35．John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it.
A．offered B．offering C．to offer D．to be offered
【解析】B。非谓语动词。offer的逻辑主语为空格前名词letter，根据句意，两者语态为主动关系，且表伴随，故选B。
2.（2012重庆卷）23.______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked
【解析】A。非谓语动词用法。逗号前为原因状语，空白处与句子的主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，由此可排除表示主动关系的B和C选项，D选项常作目的和结果状语，不作原因状语，也可排除，而A选项为现在分词完成式的被动形式，可作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、伴随状语等。因此，正确答案为A选项。
3.（2012陕西卷）15.________ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .
A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand
【解析】A 。考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词短语后有逗号，说明非谓语动词做题干的状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语we，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系，且其动作与谓语动词wait的动作同时进行，用动词v-ing的一般式，选A。
【真题体验】
1.（2012全国新课程）28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .
A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit
2.（2012江苏卷）31. an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base
3..(2011全国卷II,18) Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______nothing about the argument.
A. says B. said C. to say D. saying
4.（2011北京卷,33）Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet.
A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept
5.（2011上海春招,34）Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, ______ newly cleaned and polished.
A. looked B. to look C. looking D. to be looking
6.(2011浙江卷,3) Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some _______________a life span of around 20 years.
A.having B had C. have D. to have
7.（2011陕西卷,20） More highways have been built in China,___________it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.
A. making B. made C. to make D. having made
8（2011湖南卷,29）Do you wake up every morning __________ energetic and ready to start a new day
A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt
9.(2011辽宁卷,30) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering
10.(2009年辽宁卷)When we visited my old family home，memory came ________back.
A．flooding B．to flood C．flood D．flooded
【答案解析】
1.【解析】A。考查现在分词的独立主格结构。句意：如果天气允许，聚会将在花园举行。此处主句的主语party 和weather不一致，所以weather保留，作permitting的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。另外，weather与permit之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。
2.【解析】B。非谓语动词—动词现在分词做状语动词base与逻辑主语you之间构成主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故选B项。
3.【解析】D考查非谓语动词。句意为“Sarah假装开心，对那次争论什么也没说。”A和B项是谓语动词形式，句中没有连词，故排除；C项是作目的状语，而句中是伴随状态，故选D。
4.【解析】B考查非谓语动词。句意为“Emma，你坐下吧。老这么站着你会累的。”A项to keep是表示将来。C项having kept和D项to have kept表示动作先发生。make yourself more tired与keeping on you feet同时进行，故选B。
5.【解析】C考查非谓语动词。句意为“Mike在他屋子外的大街上发现了他丢失的汽车，看上去刚擦得干干净净，还打过腊。”A项looked是谓语形式，但句中没有连词；B项不定式to look和D项to be looking如果都表结果，那只能由Mike执行这个动作，与题意不符；C项looking表明车子的特性，作伴随状语，故选C。
6.【解析】A考查独立主格结构。句意为“令人惊讶的是，蝙蝠是长寿的动物，有些能活20年左右。”had和have是谓语动词形式，题中没有连词，无法并存两个句子。to have表将来；having表伴随，因此，选A。
7.【解析】A考查非谓语动词。句意为“中国修建了越来越多的高速公路，人们更加方便从一个地点到另外一个地点。”空格后面是it，说明是主动关系，排除B；不能选择C的原因是to do做目的状语，不符合句意；答案选择A，表示结果。
8【解析】C考查非谓语动词。句意为“每天早上醒来后，你是否感到精力充沛，并为新的一天作好了准备？”wake up作句子的谓语，句中没有连词，排除谓语动词feel。to feel表将来，与wake up组成一先一后的动作关系，felt 作为过去分词表被动，与you 这个逻辑主语矛盾，故选C，feeling作伴随状语。21世纪教育网
9.【解析】C考查非谓语动词。句意为“游客们围绕在火堆旁边，与当地人一起跳舞。”gather的动作由the tourists执行,用主动形式,并与dance同时进行,故选C，表示伴随情况。
10【解析】A　句意为：当我们参观我的老家时，记忆又涌上心头。现在分词作方式状语。
四、单元自测
第一节 单项选择
1．Although different in many ways，the British and the Americans ________ many of the same customs.
A．make　　　　　　　　 B．take
C．share D．give
2．Dark glasses are sometimes worn to ________ the eyes from strong sunlight.
A．prevent B．care
C．defend D．protect
3．Always acting in a strange manner，Einstein must have ________ to people around to be mad.
A．appeared B．showed
C．thought D．imagined
4．Though the girl ________ to learn Japanese，she couldn’t catch up with her classmates.
A．made effort B．made all her efforts
C．took every effort D．gave her efforts
5．Do you think that prices of vegetables will ________？
A．rise up B．bring down
C．go up D．raise
6．More and more people choose to shop in the supermarket，for they are especially interested in the ________ of goods on offer.
A．price B． variety
C．value D．amount
7．Hibernating animals have stored ________ fat in their bodies during the summer and autumn.
A．a good many B．supplies of
C．a large quantities of D．a few
8．It is known that the weight of an object ________ from place to place on the earth.
A．exchanges B．varies
C．translates D．ranges
9．Cleverness is not always a ________ of high grades in exams. You’d better learn knowledge carefully and practice more.
A．result B．record
C．guarantee D．reaction
10．We can see monuments here and there. Those who have made great ________to human beings and society will never be forgotten.
A．advance B．effort
C．contributions D．achievements
11. ---Did you listen to the lecture
---Yes, I have never heard a ___________ one.
A. more exciting B. more excited C. most exciting D. most excited
12．I don’t think _____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this B. that C. its D. it
13．People who do not smoke have less ____________ of suffering from lung cancer than those who do so.
A. potential B. cause C. hope D. choice
14. The patient was warned ________ oily food after the operation.
A .to eat not B. eating not
C. not to eat D. not eating
15. .—People should stop using their cars and start using public transport.
— _____ . The roads are too crowded as it is.
A. All right B. Exactly
C. Go ahead D. Fine
第二节 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分；满分30分）
阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I have never had the opportunity to see myself because of being blind from birth, and have been completely dependent on the image I create in the eyes of others．[来源:21世纪教育网]
There are those who believe that 1 I can't see, I obviously also cannot 2 ．Very often people will talk with me at the top of their voices．Conversely to this, people will also often 3 , believing that since my eyes don't work, my ears don't either．For example, when I go to the airport and ask the ticket agent for 4 to the plane, he or she will always pick up the phone and call a ground hostess in a very low voice．"Hi, Jane, we've got a 76 here．" I have concluded that the word " 5 " is not used because they are unwilling to inform me of my condition of which I may not have been previously 6 ．
On the other hand, others know that of course I can hear, but believe that I can't talk．Once I became ill and was hospitalized．Immediately after I was 7 , I was wheeled down to the X - ray room．Just at the door an elderly woman （judging from her voice） asked the orderly （护工） who had been wheeling me: "What is your name " "What's your name " the orderly 8 to me．"Harold Krents", I replied．"Harold Krents", he repeated．"When was he born " "When were you born "．．．This continued for about five minutes before I finally interrupted, "Look, this is absolutely 9 OK, I can't
see, but it's going to become pretty 10 to both of you that I don't need an interpreter．" "He says he doesn't need an interpreter," the orderly repeated to the woman．
The 11 misconception （误解） of all is the view that because I can't see, I can't 12 ．I was turned down by over forty law firms．13 my qualifications included a cum laude degree （优异的成绩毕业） from Harvard Law School．The 14 to find jobs, the continuous 15 of being told that it was impossible for a blind person to 16 law, the rejection letter, not based on my lack of 17 but
rather on my disability, will always remain one of the most upsetting experiences of my life．
18 , the Department of Labor issued laws that demand equal 19 opportunities for the disabled．The business community's response has been enthusiastic．The 20 towards the disabled is beginning to change．
1．A．on condition that B．once C．even if D．since
2．A．hear B．talk C．feel D．care
3．A．shout B．laugh C．whisper D．cry
4．A．welcome B．permission C．advice D．help
5．A．passenger B．blind C．trouble D．situation
6．A．afraid B．aware C．curious D．desperate
7．A．invited B．released C included D．admitted
8．A．asked B．responded C．repeated D．exchanged
9．A．cheerful B．ridiculous C．charming D．disgusting
10．A．clear B．easy C．confusing D．doubtful
11．A．earliest B．slightest C．latest D．toughest
12．A．think B．study C．work D．understand
13．A．as if B．even though C．now that D．in case
14．A．attempt B．duty C．mistake D．success
15．A．disappointment B．relief C ．envy D．effort
16．A．disobey B．challenge C．practice D．make
17．A．confidence B．luck C．ability D．ambition
18．A．Regretfully B．Deliberately C．Exactly D．Fortunately
19．A．flight B．employment C．learning D．traveling
20．A．attitude B．theory C．spirit D．tendency
第三节． 阅读理解
A
Lisa was running late．She had a lot to do at work, plus visitors on the way; her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown．But as she hurried down the subway stairs, she started to feel uncomfortably warm．By the time she got to the platform, Lisa felt weak and tired - maybe it hadn't been a good idea to give blood the night before, she thought．She rested herself against a post close to the tracks．
Several yards away, Frank, 43, and his girlfriend, Jennifer, found a spot close to where the front of the train would stop．They were deep in discussion about a house they were thinking of buying．
But when he heard the scream, followed by someone yelling, "Oh, my God, she fell in!" Frank didn't hesitate．He jumped down to the tracks and ran some 40 feet toward the body lying on the rails．"No! Not you! his girlfriend screamed after him．
She was right to be alarmed．By the time Frank reached Lisa, he could feel the tracks shaking and see the light coming．The train was about 20 seconds from the station．
It was hard to lift her．She was just out．But he managed to raise her four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the arms and drag her away from the edge．That was where Lisa briefly re-gained consciousness, felt herself being pulled along the ground, and saw someone else holding her purse．
Lisa thought she' d been robbed．A woman held her hand and a man gave his shirt to help stop the blood pouring from her head．And she tried to talk but she couldn't, and that was when she realized how much pain she was in．
Police and fire officials soon arrived, and Frank told the story to an officer．Jennifer said her boyfriend was calm on their 40 - minute train ride downtown - just as he had been seconds after the rescue, which made her think about her reaction at the time．"I saw the train coming and I was thinking he was going to die．"she explained．
1．What was the most probable cause for Lisa' s weakness
A．She had run a long way． B．She felt hot in the subway．
C．She had done a lot of work． D．She had donated blood the night before．
2．Why did Jennifer try to stop her boyfriend
A．Because they would miss their train．
B．Because he didn't see the train coming．
C．Because she was sure Lisa was hard to lift．
D．Because she was afraid the train would kill him．
3．How did Frank save Lisa
A．By lifting her to the platform． B．By helping her rise to her feet．
C．By pulling her along the ground． D．By dragging her away from the edge．
4．When did Lisa become conscious again
A．When the train was leaving．
B．After she was back on the platform．
C．After the police and fire officials came．
D．When a man was cleaning the blood from her head．
5．The passage is intended to _____．
A．warn us of the danger in the subway
B．show us how to save people in the subway
C．tell us about a subway rescue
D．report a traffic accident
B21世纪教育网
Don't you just love ice skating every winter I am sure, that since winter is approaching, your skates are set to come out, just waiting to be used．Impress your friends with your new trick on how to ice -skate backwards with the help of these tips．Skating backwards on ice is a bit difficult but once you master the basic, there' s nothing like it．Follow the steps given below and you will be able to skate backwards in no time．
Stand Straight
The first thing that you need to do is, stand straight．If you feel that you are falling backwards, then just put your chin up and slightly bend your knees．Don't worry; this happens to all．
Confidence is What You Need
The most important step while learning how to skate backwards, is having enough confidence in yourself and in what you are doing．How can you achieve this By practice．Just practice rolling backwards down a gentle slop every single day or just by pushing off from a wall or something of that sort．But before you do that, make sure that the place where you are practicing is free from any kind of debris （碎片） because otherwise, you could land up in the hospital due to some accident．While going backwards, just get used to the feeling of moving backwards．One of the important ice skating tips and techniques is that if you feel that you are losing your balance, then scissor （做剪式运动） your skates．Keep practicing this till you are confident about it．
Maintain Speed
Confident now Great! Now the next step is to maintain your speed．While rolling in a straight line with one skate, with the other try sculling （滑浆）, that is, keep pushing yourself backwards with an outwards stroke （滑动）．Now bring the skate which you were using to scull, and then again, repeat the same process．Make sure that you put most of your weight on the skate which is moving straight and not the one with which you are sculling．Now, try the same thing using the other foot．Again keep doing this till you are confident enough．
Increase Your Speed Now
Once you are confident that you can scull with either foot, the next thing that you have to A） is increase your speed．Try some of your own tricks now．Scull with either foot or with both at the same time．
Scull and Be Aware
While you keep one foot straight, keep sculling with the other．You can do that simultaneously （同时，一起） with both feet．Concentrate on what you are doing but don't get so involved that you don't see where you are going．If you are not watching your back, you might just bang against something or someone．
6．According to the text confidence comes from ______ ．
A．high speed B．strict coaches C．constant exercise D．good techniques
7．Which is the right order of ice - skating backwards
a．Increasing your speed． b．Being able to scull with one foot．
c．Being about to stand straight． d．Trying some different tricks．
A．c→a→d→b B．c→b→d→a C．a→c→b→d D．c→b→a→d
8．In order to keep balance when skating backwards you should _____ ．
A．skate in a scissor gesture
B．use both your feet to scull
C．skate forward first and then backward
D．put most of your weight on the skate with which you are sculling
9 ．In the last paragraph the author mainly wants to express ______ ．
A．skating and keeping cautious are both important
B．one must be brave to learn to ice - skate backwards C．it’s difficult to concentrate when ice - skating backwards
D．it' s a common thing to hit someone when ice - skating backwards
10 ．The purpose of the text is _____ ．
A．to compare different ways of ice - skating backwards
B．to introduce the culture of ice-skating backwards
C．to explain advantages of ice - skating backwards
D．to offer some advice on ice - skating backwards
单元自测答案：
第一节 1-5 CDABC6-10.BBBCC11-15ADACB
第二节 1-5 ACBCD 6-10 CDAAB 11-15 ADDBB 16-20 DDACB
第三节 1—5 DDABC 6—10 C D A A D
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网