2023届高考英语复习之语法透析:冠词课件(33张PPT)

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名称 2023届高考英语复习之语法透析:冠词课件(33张PPT)
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科目 英语
更新时间 2022-06-25 12:40:52

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(共33张PPT)
冠 词
2023届考复习之语法透析
01
知识导图
冠词
不定冠词
a an
定冠词
零冠词
the
/
02
考点精析
考点一 冠词的类别
冠词的类别
不定冠词a/an
零冠词/
定冠词the
泛指
特指
一个;一类(单数名词前)
可数名词泛指时用a或an
一类(复数名词或不可数名词前)
可数名词复数、不可数名词泛指时不用冠词
单数名词、复数名词、不可数名词前均可
可数名词、不可数名词特指时都用the
02
考点精析
考点二 不定冠词
不定冠词用于表示泛指,一般修饰可数名词单数,有a和an两种形式。当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素(不是辅音字母)时,用不定冠词a;当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是元音音素(不是元音字母)时,用不定冠词an。
1.不定冠词的基本用法
(1)用于第一次提到或出现的可数名词单数前,泛指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。
At that time, I was working in a factory.The factory produces car parts.
那时,我在一家工厂工作。这家工厂生产汽车部件。
02
考点精析
(2)用于可数名词单数前,泛指一类人或事物,或指同类中的“一个”。
The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people's well being and a dream of harmony, peace and development. “中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦,也是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。
(3)表示数量“一”,但不强调数量概念;或表示“任何一个”。
Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their neighbors and apologize for their playing. 那天上午晚些时候,达里奥建议他们应该给邻居们写一封信,为他们弹钢琴这件事道歉。
02
考点精析
(4)用于表示人名的专有名词前,表示“一个叫……的人,一个类似……的人,一部……的作品”。
Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven. 
布莱恩在创作音乐上很有天赋,他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人。
Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso.
专家们认为最近发现的那幅画可能是毕加索的作品。
02
考点精析
2.不定冠词的活用
(1)用于序数词前,表示“又一、再一”。
First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get a second chance to make a first impression.
最初的印象最持久。毕竟,你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象。
02
考点精析
(2)不定冠词可以用在某些具体化的抽象名词前,常考的具体化的抽象名词有success、failure、surprise、pleasure、beauty、pity、danger、comfort、honour等。
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times. 
在那些艰苦的岁月里,能够买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人感到欣慰的事。
02
考点精析
(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge、collection、understanding等后面加of...时,前面需用不定冠词a或an。have a (good) knowledge of...意为“精通……”;have a (clear/good) understanding of...意为“了解……”。
If you don't have a good knowledge of English, it's out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.
如果你不精通英语,那么灵活且流利地运用它对你来说是不可能的。
02
考点精析
3.不定冠词用于固定搭配中
all of a sudden    突然
as a matter of fact 事实上
at a loss 不知所措;困惑
pay a visit to 参观;拜访
be/go on a diet 节食
give sb.a lift 让某人搭便车
have a gift for... 在……方面有天赋
have a word with... 与……谈话
02
考点精析
make a fool of 愚弄
in a hurry 匆忙地
in a way 在某种程度上
keep an eye on 留意;留神
make a living 谋生
a waste of... 浪费……
once in a while 偶尔
as a result/consequence 因此
02
考点精析
考点三 定冠词the
1.定冠词的基本用法
(1)前面已提及的人或事物再次被提到时,或谈话双方都知道的人或事物前,一般要加定冠词,表特指。
Take your time—it's just a short distance from here to the restaurant.
不要着急——从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。
02
考点精析
(2)用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前,表特指。
I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask. 我刚刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。
(3)用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人或夫妻俩;或用于可数名词单数、形容词或分词前,表示一类人或事物。
The Smiths went on an around the world trip.
史密斯一家去环球旅行了。
02
考点精析
(4)用于表示朝代、年代的名词前,或用在逢十的年代前,表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
It's said that corn was grown a lot in Tibet in the 17th century. 据说十七世纪时,西藏大量种植玉米。
(5)在形容词或副词的最高级或序数词前或由only、very、same等修饰的名词前用定冠词the。
As is known to all, the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.
众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
02
考点精析
2.定冠词用于固定结构及固定搭配中
(1)用于“by+the+表示计量单位的名词(day、hour、dozen等)”结构中,意为“按……计算”。但size、weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。
—It's said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year.
—Right, he will also get paid by the week.
——据说约翰将拥有一份年薪超过6万美元的工作。
——是的,他也将按周获得报酬。
02
考点精析
(2)用于“动词(hit、strike、pull、take等)+sb.+介词+the+表示身体部位的名词”结构中,其中的the不可用物主代词代替。
hit sb.on the head 打某人的头
pull/take sb.by the hand 拉/抓住某人的手
strike sb.in the face 打某人的脸
(3)用于“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构中,意为“越……就越……”。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越仔细,你犯的错误就越少。
02
考点精析
(4)用于固定搭配中:
by the way 顺便说一下
in the way 阻碍;挡路
go to the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏
in the distance 在远处
make the most/best of 充分利用
not in the least 一点儿也不
on the contrary 与此相反
on the other hand 另一方面
the other day 几天之前
02
考点精析
to tell (you) the truth (跟你)说实话
to the point 中肯,切题
take the place of 代替
for the time being 暂时
at the moment 此刻;目前
at the same time 同时
on the whole 总的来说
in the middle of... 在……中间
in the long run/term 长期来说
on the decrease 在减少
02
考点精析
考点四 零冠词
1.零冠词的基本用法
(1)复数名词、不可数名词、抽象名词或物质名词表泛指时,其前不加冠词。
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. 
当我们感到愤怒时,愤怒似乎很简单,但引起愤怒的原因却多种多样。
The Smiths don't usually like staying at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea. 
史密斯夫妇通常不喜欢住旅馆,但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天。
02
考点精析
(2)名词前已有this、that、my、your、some、each、no、any 等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词等限定词作定语时,不用冠词。
Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment.
每栋公寓的每个楼层都安装了灭火器。
(3)表示独一无二的职位、头衔的名词作表语、同位语或补语时,其前通常用零冠词。
Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们:“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学学习。”
02
考点精析
(4)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词及球类、棋类和学科名词前。
Of all the subjects, I like history best because it gives us a useful knowledge of things in the past.
在所有的科目中,我最喜欢历史,因为它让我们了解了许多过去的有用的知识。
02
考点精析
表示一日三餐、季节、月份、星期等名词前有修饰语或指具体的某一顿饭或特指某一餐、某一季节、月份等时,其前要用冠词。
According to the weather report, we will have a very hot summer this year.
根据天气预报,我们今年将会度过一个非常炎热的夏天。
The only thing the woodman had was a good supper of a big sausage.
樵夫拥有的唯一东西就是一大根香肠作为丰盛的晚餐。
重点记忆
02
考点精析
2.零冠词用于固定结构及固定搭配中
(1)用于“零冠词+单数可数名词+as/though+主语+谓语+主句”结构中,意为“虽然……但是……”。
Good choice as/though it may be, he has decided to give it up.
尽管这可能是一个不错的选择,但他还是决定放弃了。
(2)用于与by连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前。
Are you going there by plane or by ship
你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里?
02
考点精析
(3)用于系动词turn后的可数名词单数作表语前。
After years of hard work,Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.
多年的努力之后,汤姆成为一名工程师而玛丽成为一名优秀的经理。
(4)用于固定搭配中:
at dawn/dusk/night/noon   在黎明/黄昏/夜晚/中午
on/catch fire 着火
by mistake 错误地
by chance/accident 碰巧
02
考点精析
in history 在历史上
under repair 在维修中
hand in hand 手拉手
do harm to... 对……有害
on purpose 故意地
in place 在正确位置
in danger 在危险中
make room for... 为……让出空间
in return 作为回报
02
考点精析
at present 目前
ahead of time 提前
in advance 提前
lose heart 灰心
out of control 失控
02
考点精析
有无冠词意义不同的搭配
重点记忆
at school在上学
at the school在学校
in hospital 住院
in the hospital在医院里
in charge of 掌管
in the charge of在……掌管之中
out of question 毫无疑问
out of the questions 不可能
03
方法解读
方法一 根据泛指或特指选择冠词
如果空格后的名词或“形容词+名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。
(1)如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”,一般填a/an。如果可翻译成“这/那个、这/那些”一般填the;
(2)如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。
03
方法解读
方法二 根据固定句式或固定搭配选择冠词
英语中有很多带有冠词的固定句式或固定搭配,记住这些句式和搭配也有利于解决此类问题。
1.________village where I was born has grown into ________town.
2.As ________ matter of fact, there are two trophies in history.
A
The
a
04
演练提升
1.So, in the 11th Grade, I returned to the basics. On _______ sketchbook I forced myself to draw whatever interested me.
2.A picture taken by Xinhua News Agency showed _______ operator using his drone to check the temperatures of residents in a community in Yichun, Jiangxi Province, on Jan. 29.
3.Chinese officials say _______ disease is able to spread from one person to another even before any actual signs appear,which makes it especially hard to contain.
a
an
the
04
演练提升
4.This being my first time living abroad in a different culture, simply getting used to the living conditions was_______big adjustment.
5.On_______ topic of classical music, I always love the clapping and the cheering that come at the end of a concert.
6.Jinan, the capital city of East China's Shandong Province, will host _______ international winter swimming competition at Daming Lake Scenic Area on Jan.12 and 13.
a
the
an
04
演练提升
7.Xu Jin was born in a medical family.Under _______ influence of his family, he chose his medical specialty without hesitation.
8.She starts off at the same time from the same place as _______ first driver, but she drives aimlessly around.
9.Julie, co director of _______ Children's Sleep Disorders Clinic, was pleased with the research findings.
10.After work, he learned to play _______ guitar.He liked living on the farm, for the life was simple.
the
the
the
the
Thank You!