Module 12 Help 词句精讲精练（word版，含答案）

Module 12 Help
词汇精讲
1. broken
（1） broken是形容词，意为“打破的；碎了的；坏了的”。例如：
The room whose window is broken is our classroom.
那个窗户坏了的房间是我们的教室。
Yesterday his bike was broken so he had to walk to school.
昨天他的自行车坏了，因此他不得不走着去上学。
（2） broken还可作为动词break的过去分词，break的过去式为broke。例如：
Be careful, or you’ll break the cup.小心，否则你会打碎杯子。
A thief had broken the window of my uncle’s house before we got there.
在我们到达之前一个小偷已经打破了我叔叔家的窗户。
【拓展】break的相关固定搭配：
（1）break down 意为“(机器)坏了；（计划、谈判）失败；（谈话、通讯）中断等”。
We are sorry to arrive late, because the car broke down.
很抱歉我们来晚了，由于车坏了。
Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. 双方的谈判已经破裂。
（2）break into 表示“破门而入；打断（谈话）”。
I caught two men trying to break into the office. 我瞧见两个人想闯入我的办公室。
He broke into our talk rudely. 他粗鲁地打断了我们的谈话。
（3）break out 表示“（战争、瘟疫、火灾等）爆发 ”。
World War II broke out in September 1939. 第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。
（4）break up 表示“散会,（学期）结束”等。
When does school break up 本学期什么时候结束？
2. imagine
imagine是动词，意为“想象，推测”，后面可接名词、代词、宾语从句、复合宾语，常用于结构：imagine doing sth.想象做某事。例如：
We can’t imagine what China will be like in the future. 我们无法想象将来中国是什么样子。
I can’t imagine leaving all my friends. 我无法想象离开我所有的朋友。
Imagine having a cinema in your own home. 想象一下有家庭影院的感觉。
No one can imagine what would happen next. 没有人能想象出下一步会发生什么。
【拓展】
imagination是imagine的名词形式，意为“想象力”。例如：
The little boy has rich imagination.这个小男孩想象力很丰富。
3. trouble
（1）trouble作动词，意为“打扰；麻烦”。例如：
I’m sorry to trouble you. 对不起，打扰你了。
（2）trouble作名词，意为“麻烦；困扰”。常用于以下结构：
1）have trouble doing sth.意为“做某事有困难"，这时trouble可以用difficulty来代替。
I had no trouble finding his phone number. 我毫不费力就找到了他的电话号码。
Did you have any trouble getting there 你到那里有没有遇到什么困难？
2）in trouble/get into trouble/get sb. into trouble 遇到困难；遇到麻烦
He was in trouble with the Customs. 他在海关那里有了麻烦。
This will get you into trouble. 这件事将给你带来麻烦。
4. drop
（1）作不及物动词，意为“掉下，落下，下降，减弱”。例如：
The apple dropped from the tree to the ground.
苹果从树上掉到地上。
The ball dropped out of his hand.
球从他手里掉了下来。
Prices dropped. 物价下跌了。
The wind has dropped. 风势已减弱了。
（2）作及物动词，意为“使掉下，使落下”。例如：
Mary dropped the vase on the floor. 玛丽失手把花瓶掉在地板上。
（3） 作及物动词，意为“放弃”。例如：
You must drop smoking (the bad habit). 你必须戒烟(戒除这个坏习惯)。
Better drop the idea. 最好打消这个想法。
【拓展】
drop in /around探望，串门。例如：
Please drop in to see us if you are in Bradford.
如果你到布拉福特，请顺便来看看我们。
My sister dropped around last night.
昨晚我姐姐顺便来看了我。
【注意】
drop in(顺便拜访)是不及物动词短语，其后不能接宾语。若语义上需要接宾语，根据情况可用on(针对人)或at(针对地方)。例如：
She dropped in at his office.
她去了他的办公室找他。
I thought I’d drop in on you while I was passing.
我曾想路过时就来看看你。
5. make sure
make sure＝be sure，意思是“确信”，它的后面可以用宾语从句，也可以用动词不定式。
(1) be sure of sth. 对某事很确定
I am sure of his guilt.我确定他有罪。
I am sure of his coming. 我确定他会来。
(2) be sure to do sth. 一定会做某事
I am sure to close the window after school. 放学后我一定会关窗的。
I am sure to help you tomorrow.我明天一定会帮你。
(3) be sure that+从句 对某事很确定
I am sure that he will achieve his goal. 我确定他会实现目标的。
He is sure that his mother will come to see him this afternoon.
他确信今天下午他妈妈会来看他。
6. cover
（1）cover作动词，意为“包含；包括；涉及；盖；遮盖；报道”，在句中作谓语。例如：
The lectures covered a lot of subjects. 这些讲座涉及的内容极为广泛。
The survey covers all aspects of the business. 调查包括这个企业的各个方面。
Please cover the bowl with a piece of paper. 请用纸把碗盖上。
This year’s Beijing Music Awards will be covered live.
今年的北京音乐大奖赛将进行现场直播。
（2）cover作名词，“封面；盖子”，在句中作主语或宾语。例如：
The cover of the magazine is very beautiful. 这本杂志的封面很漂亮。
7. warn
warn是及物动词，意为“警告；告诫；提醒”。其用法如下：
（1）warn…of…意为“提醒……注意……”，后直接跟名词或代词。例如：
I warned them of danger.我提醒他们有危险。
（2）warn sb. against…意为“警告某人别……”或“警告某人提防……”。例如：
I warned you against buying that old car.
我警告过你别买那辆旧车。
He warned me against walking alone at night.
他告诫我夜间不要单独行走。
（3）warn后跟复合结构，即warn sb. to/not to do sth.。例如：
The teacher warned her not to be late again.
老师警告她不要再迟到了。
He warned Bill to keep away from the fire.
他警告比尔离火远点。
8. keep
(1) keep用作及物动词，意为“保存；保留；保守”。
Could you keep these letters for me, please 你能替我保存这些信吗？
I’ll keep a seat for you. 我给你留个座位。
Can you keep a secret 你能保守秘密吗？
(2) keep用作连系动词,后常接表语形容词，意为“保持处于某种状态”。　　
You must look after yourself and keep healthy.
你必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。
She knew she must keep calm. 她知道她必须保持镇静。
(3) keep的常用句型：
keep doing sth. 意为“继续干某事“，表示不间断地持续干某事，后须接延续性的动词。
He kept working all day, because he wanted to finish the work on time.
他整天都在不停地工作，因为他想准时完成工作。
keep on doing sth. 意为“持续做某事”。
The pupil kept on asking me the same question.
这个学生不断地问我同一个问题。
keep...from doing sth.意为“阻止/防止……做某事”。
The heavy snow kept us from going out.
大雪使我们不能出去
【拓展】
keep 构成的常见短语有：
keep off 避开，使免受……影响
keep…away from… 使……远离……
keep up with 跟上
keep +宾语+形容词 保持……处于某种状态
9. clear
(1) clear作形容词，意为“与……不接触的；与……分离的”，其后常与of连用。例如：
Keep clear of fires.
远离火源。
Stand clear of the stage.
站得离舞台远些。
(2) clear作形容词，意为“清澈的；透明的；晴朗的；明白的”。例如：
How clear the water in the lake is!
湖里的水真清澈啊！
Standing on the top of the building you can see most of the city on a clear day.
在晴朗的天气里，站在这座楼的顶部你能看见这个城市的大部分。
“Are you clear ”the teacher asked.
“你们听明白了吗？”老师问道。
(3) clear的副词形式有两种：clearly与clear。clearly表示抽象意义上的“清楚地”，clear表示实际上的“清楚地，明显地”。例如：
He knows this clearly.他清楚地知道这一点。
I can hear you loud and clear.我能听见你说话，声音响亮又清楚。
(4) clear还可用作动词，意为“移除，清除，（天）变晴”等。例如：
My father usually clears the table after supper.
晚饭后我爸爸常收拾桌子。
The sky clears after the storm.
暴风雨过后天放晴了。
词汇精练
I．把下列基本词组英汉互译。
1. 急救_____________ 2. 基本的医疗救助______________________
3. at the bottom of______________ 4. 喊救命____________________
5. lift up______________ 6. 保持冷静 ____________________
7. in short ______________ 8. have no idea _____________________
9. 找出；查明______________ 10. 远离 _______________
II．根据汉语提示填空。
1．You cannot _______(想象) how knowledgeable the person is．
2．He ________ (盖上)the baby with a quilt．
3．You can find some sand at the _______(底部) of the bottle．
4．There are six hundred _______(楼梯) and I don’t think I can climb up．
5．An apple ______ (落下)from the tree and we picked it up.
III. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．They said that they needed some _______(medicine) help．
2．She had trouble _______(learn)English．
3．She knew __________ (clear) that who stole her English dictionary.
4．The polluted air is _______(harm) to our health．
5．My chair is ________(break)．Who can help me to repair it
IV．从方框中选择适当词组填空。
prepare for， warn…of， lift up， keep away from， run away
1．They are _______ the tomorrow’s meeting at the moment．
2．We’re going to have a picnic. Mother _______ us _______ the fire．
3．The man is strong enough to _______ the heavy things．
4．If you want to keep healthy，you must _______ junk food．
5．The thief tried to _______，but he was caught by a policeman．
句式精讲
1. should+动词原形　　
should是情态动词，意为“应当，应该”。“should+动词原形”表示“应该做某事”，其中should无人称和数的变化，也不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态；否定形式为should not，缩写为shouldn’t。其主要用法有：
(1) 表示责任和义务，意为“应该”。例如：
You should take your teacher’s advice. 你应该听从你老师的建议。
You shouldn’t be late for class. 你不应该上课迟到。
(2) 表示推断，意为“可能，该”。例如：
The train should have already left. 火车可能已经离开了
2. Stay away from windows and heavy furniture.
stay away from…意为“远离……”。例如：
We should stay away from smoking and drinking.
我们应该远离吸烟喝酒。
【拓展】
（1）far away from…意为“离……很远”。例如：
The school is far away from my home.
学校离我家很远。
（2）表示离某地具体的距离时用“be…away from”。例如
My home is five hundred miles away from our school.
我家离我们学校有500米远。
（3）keep away from…意为“与……保持距离；不要靠近……”。例如：
Police warned standers-by to keep away from the blazing building.
警察告诫围观者不要靠近燃烧着的建筑物。
（4） 常见的away短语有：
take away 带走；夺走；run away 逃跑；put away 收起来；go away走开
3. But he could have trouble hearing you or speaking to you.
could 表猜测，意为“可能，会”。但表示的可能性不是十分大。例如：
It’s 7 o’clock. He could be at home.
现在是七点钟，他可能在家。
It’s Monday. The children could be having class.
今天是星期一，孩子们可能在上课。
【拓展】
(1) could 还可以表示“（过去）能/会”，是can的过去式。
She could sing the song when she was five years old.
她五岁时就会唱这首歌了。
(2) could 用于请求对方允许时，语气比can更加委婉，并不表示过去。
Could you tell me the way to the station
你能告诉我去车站的路吗？
4. That’s such good advice that you could be a doctor, Betty!
such...that意思是“如此……以至于……”，中间有名词，such修饰此名词，that的后面是表示结果的状语从句。而同义短语so...that的中间是形容词或副词，so修饰形容词或副词，形容词后一般没有名词。例如：
It is such an interesting film that all of us like it.
它是一部如此有兴趣的电影以至于我们都喜欢它。
He had such long arms that he could almost touch his knees.
他的胳膊很长，几乎就能够到他的膝盖。
Our teacher is so kind that all of us like him.
我们的老师是如此好心以至于我们都喜欢他。
He runs so fast that nobody in my class can catch up with him.
他跑得那么快，我们班没有人能追上他。
【注意】
如果名词前的形容词是表示数量的few、little、many、much仍要用so修饰。
There are so many people in the room that we could not get in.
房间里那么多的人，我们都进不去。
5. Leave the building quickly when the ground stops shaking…
leave用作动词，意为“离开”。“leave+地点名词”意为“离开某地”；“leave for+地点名词”意为“去某地”；leave...for…意为“离开……去……”。例如：
He left his hometown in 2000.
他在2000年离开了故乡。
Han Mei will leave for Beijing next month.
韩梅下个月要去北京。
Then he will leave Qingdao for Shanghai.
然后他将离开青岛前往上海。
【拓展】
(1) leave用作动词时，还意为：
1） 留下
My elder brother ate a small apple and left a big one for me.
我哥哥吃了个小苹果，给我留了个大的。
2）“leave sth. in/on/at +某地”意为“把某物忘在某地”。
I left my umbrella on the bus this morning.
今天早上我把雨伞落在了公共汽车上。
(2) leave用作名词，意为“休假；假期”。例如：
If you don’t feel well, you may ask for a sick leave.
如果你感到不舒服，你可以请病假。
句式精练
I．句型转换。
1．We have prepared for the tomorrow’s trip．(改为同义句)
We have ______ _____ ______ the tomorrow’s trip．
2．What’s the matter with you (改为同义句)
What’s the_______ with you
3．You should take an umbrella with you．(改为否定句)
You _______ _______ an umbrella with you．
4．It’s dangerous to swim there．(改为同义句)
It’s _______ _______ to swim there．
5．The great writer died two years ago．(改为同义句)
The great writer _______ _______ _______ for two years．
II．完成句子，每空一词。
1．让我们设想一次意外。
_______ _______ an accident．
2．他可能很疼。
He _______ _______ in pain．
3．首先，查明他怎么了。
First of all _______ _______ what’s wrong _______ him．
4．但是他可能很难听到你说话或者和你说话。
But he could _______ _______ _______ you or speaking to you．
5．那是多么好的建议，以至于你一定会是一名好医生。
That’s _______ good advice ________ you could be a good doctor．
6．那可能对牙齿是有害的。
That _______ _______ harmful to teeth．
7．你一定是在开玩笑吧。
You _______ _______ kidding．
8．请远离抽烟和喝酒。
Please _______ _______ ________ smoking and drinking．
9．不要站在大门口。
________ _______ at the gate．
10. 我把我的英语书忘家里了。
I ________ my English book ________ __________.
III. 补全对话。（其中有两项多余）
请阅读下面对话，从方框内7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成对话，并在答题卷上将其序号涂黑。其中有两个句子是多余的。
A. You lost it!
B. You look strange.
C. I can share with Judy in class.
D. Biology is my favorite subject.
E. Have you got my biology book
F. Do you think it is in your schoolbag
G. But I have got a biology lesson this afternoon!
Kate: Good morning, Jack. 1
Jack: Oh no!
Kate: What do you mean, “Oh no”？
Jack: I think I left it … on the kitchen table! I was hurrying because I was late.
Kate: 2
Jack: I’m very sorry!
Kate: Well, it doesn’t matter. 3 But can you bring it tomorrow
Jack: Yes, OK. I’m sorry!
Kate: It’s all right. See you tomorrow. …Oh, Jack, What's the matter 4
Jack: Well, I remember your book isn’t at home. I think I left it on the bus!
Kate; Oh, my god! 5
参考答案
词汇精练
I．把下列基本词组英汉互译。
1.first aid 2. basic medical help 3.在……底部 4. shout for help
5. 抬起；提起 6. keep calm 7. 简言之；总之 8. 不知道
9.find out 10.stay away from…/keep away from…/keep clear of…
II．根据汉语提示填空。
1．imagine 2．covered/covers 3．bottom 4．stairs 5．dropped
III．用所给词的适当形式填空。
1． medical 2．learning 3．clearly 4．harmful 5．broken
IV．从方框中选择适当词组填空。
1. preparing 2. warns; of 3. lift up 4. keep away from 5. run away
句式精练
I．句型转换。
1．been/got ready for
2．trouble
3．shouldn’t take
4．not safe
5．has been dead
II． 完成句子，每空一词。
1．Let’s imagine
2．could be
3．find out; with
4．have trouble hearing
5．such; that
6. could be
7. must be
8. keep/stay away from
9. Don’t stand
10. left; at home
III．补全对话。
1-5 EGCBA
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