2023届高考英语复习之语法透析： 主谓一致课件（21张PPT）

(共21张PPT)
主谓一致
2023届高考复习之语法透析
01
知识导图
主谓一致
语法一致原则
就近一致原则
意义一致原则
主语单数+谓语单数
主语复数+谓语复数
or
either…or…
neither…nor
not only…but also
there be +多个主语
连接主语时
谓语用单数的情况
谓语用复数的情况
谓语单复数根据表达意义确定的情况
02
考点精析
考点一　语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.动词 ing形式、动词不定式、不定代词、从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health.
Everything is in a complete mess, which drives people crazy.
What he said is far from the truth.
02
考点精析
2.主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with、together with、as well as、like、but、except、along with、rather than、including、in addition to等时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident.
02
考点精析
3.由and连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数有以下4种情况：
(1)“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。
The writer and professor, who I often refer to at the meetings, is popular among those people.　
(2)“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋a/the＋名词单数”表示两个人/物，谓语动词用复数。
The teacher and the poet have just arrived.
02
考点精析
(3)“every/each/no＋名词单数＋and＋every/each/no＋名词单数”表示每一个人/物，谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.
(4)通常由两个部件组成的物品，如a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Bread and butter is not to his taste.
02
考点精析
4.定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
This is one of the novels that have ever been written by Mo Yan.
She is the only one of the girls who sings well in class.
5.“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.　
02
考点精析
考点二　意义一致原则
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成整体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family、class、team、group、public、committee、government、audience等。
The whole class, which is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls were told to stay behind after school to have an important meeting yesterday.
02
考点精析
形式为单数但意义为复数概念的police、people等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police are searching for the murderer in the mountain.
警察正在山里搜寻凶手。
02
考点精析
2.“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all、some、half、most、the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
About one third of the books are worth reading.
Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
02
考点精析
3.“the＋形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The injured have been cured and the lost have been found.
伤者已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。
4.a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数。
A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.
With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
02
考点精析
5.“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
The number of people invited was one hundred, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.　
6.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a little boy.
02
考点精析
7.表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)、news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。
Politics is his favorite subject.
8.表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。
Do you know when the United Nations was set up
02
考点精析
考点三　就近一致原则
就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1.由or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but (also)．..、not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes great interest in the piano lessons.　
Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
02
考点精析
2.在there be句型中，若有几个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There are three books and a pen on the desk.
03
方法解读
01
02
03
04
一看：主语为第一、第二人称还是第三人称，确定谓语动词的数。
二看：主语为动词 ing短语、不定式或从句，要想到谓语动词应为第三人称单数形式。
三看：“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语，要想到谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。
四看：there be等结构，要想到就近一致原则。
“五看”判断主谓一致
05
as well as、with、along with、but等在主语后面时，要想到“就远一致”原则，即谓语动词和这些词前面的名词或代词保持数的一致。
03
方法解读
The famous musician, as well as his students, ____________(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
was invited　
04
演练提升
1.The brain benefits ___________(see) among people who ate roughly one and a third cups of raw greens a day, or about a half cup of cooked dark, leafy greens.
2.As a result, many have argued that the current period of global warming ___________ (be) part of a natural pattern and the human role in creating it has been exaggerated.
3.The graduation ceremony takes place at the end of May or beginning of June, which usually ___________ (include) music, awards, and a guest speaker.
were seen
is
includes
04
演练提升
4.As the 5G era ___________ (approach), one of the key concerns for telecom operators will be how they can use 5G networks to meet the needs of high density areas.
5.Feeding birds ___________ (be) good for everyone . Birders enjoy watching the birds, while the birds get enough food to survive in big cities.
6.However, people who have done related researches believe that the full moon ___________ (affect) human behaviors to some degree.
approaches
is
affects
04
演练提升
7.John as well as the other children who have no parents ___________ (take) good care of in the village now.
8.In fact, such programs that promote traditional ancient relics ___________ (become) popular in recent years.
9.Exercise also ___________ (bring) good effects mentally. It can make us feel refreshed and happy, helping us increase our life quality.
10.As we know, there ___________ (be) a variety of books for us to choose from, like history books, science books, literary books and so on.
is being taken
have become
brings
are
Thank You！