2023届高考英语复习之语法透析：代词课件(33张PPT)

(共33张PPT)
代词
2023届高考复习之语法透析
01
知识导图
代词
人称代词
物质代词
反身代词
不定代词
疑问代词
关系代词
主格：
宾格：
形容词性物主代词：
名词性物主代词：
myself , yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
I, you, he, she , it, we, you, they
me, you, him, her , it, us, you, them
my,your, his, her, its, our,your, their
mine,yours, his, hers, its,ours,
yours, theirs
this, that, these, those
指示代词
who,whom, whose, what, which
who,whom, that, which ,whose
普通不定代词
复合不定代词
02
考点精析
考点一 人称代词
(1)人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下五种情况：
①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地用在无谓语动词的句子中，或者在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。
e.g.—Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
—Why me？John is sitting there doing nothing.
——苏珊，去和你姐姐一起打扫院子。
——为什么是我？约翰坐在那里无所事事。
02
考点精析
②代词在句子中作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。
This is my new car. I bought it yesterday.
这是我的新车。我昨天买的。
③作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分的代词的格不变。
I met her in the hospital.
→It was her who I met in the hospital.
我在医院碰见她。→我在医院碰见的正是她。
02
考点精析
④在含有比较级的句子中，than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me (I)．但在下列句子中有区别：
I like Jack as much as her.＝I like both Jack and her.
我喜欢杰克和她。
I like Jack as much as she.＝I like Jack and she likes him, too.
我喜欢杰克，她也是。
02
考点精析
⑤用来表示感叹时，用代词的宾格代替主格形式。
Dear me! How can I forget the time of the meeting
(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其顺序排列原则：
在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：第二、第三、第一(人称)。宾格me也一样。
You, she and I will be in charge of the case.
Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.
02
考点精析
考点二 物主代词
(1)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动词 ing形式的前置定语，不能单独使用。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of连用作后置定语，但不能单独作定语。
The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that ours are bigger.　
(2)某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词，
e.g. take sb. by the arm、be wounded in the leg
02
考点精析
考点三 反身代词
(1)反身代词的语法功能：作宾语、表语及主语或宾语的同位语。
(2)反身代词可用于某些固定短语中：
by oneself　　 单独地，独自地
for oneself 亲自；为自己
devote oneself to 致力于
apply oneself to 专心致志于
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
help oneself to 随便吃；随便用
make oneself at home 不拘束
seat oneself 坐下
02
考点精析
behave oneself 举止得体
come to oneself 恢复知觉；苏醒过来
adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于
abandon oneself to 沉迷于；放纵于
express oneself 表达自己的思想
lose oneself in 迷失
say to oneself 心里想
talk to oneself 自言自语
dress oneself 自己穿衣
feel oneself 觉得身体正常
02
考点精析
指示代词 用 法
this/these 指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this也可指下文将要谈到的人或物，起启下的作用
that/those 指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that也可指上文提到过的人或物，起承上的作用
考点四 指示代词(this、that、these和those)
What I want to say is this：you should grasp every minute to finish your work.
我想说的是：你应该抓住每一分钟来完成你的工作。
02
考点精析
考点五 不定代词
1．other、the other、others、the others和another
(1)other作前置定语，修饰可数名词复数，不可单独使用，表示泛指，意为“另外的，其他的”。
We study English, maths, Chinese and other subjects.
我们学习英语、数学、语文以及其他的学科。
(2)the other指两者中的另一个，表示特指。
There are two pens here.One is his，and the other is Tom's.
这儿有两支钢笔，一支是他的，另一支是汤姆的。
02
考点精析
(3)others泛指“其他人”或“其他物”，常用结构：some...others...；而the others表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”。
Some like staying at home at the weekend；others like going to the cinema.
一些人喜欢周末待在家里，另一些人喜欢去看电影。
(4)another泛指同类的人或物，指三者或三者以上的另一个，可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。
I don't like this book. Please give me another one.
我不喜欢这本书，请再给我一本。
02
考点精析
都 任何一个 都不(全部否定) 部分否定
两者 both either neither＝ not either both和
not连用
三者或 三者以上 all any none＝ not any all和
not连用
2．both、all、either、any、neither和none
Tickets for Friday Sorry, we've got none left.
somebody的特殊含义：大人物
nobody 的特殊含义：小人物。
02
考点精析
3．不定代词用于习惯搭配中
nothing but 　　 仅仅，只是 anything but 决不
something of 有几分，略微
or something 诸如此类的人或物
every other day 每隔一天
each other (两者)相互
one another (三者或三者以上)相互
one...another... (三者或三者以上)一个…… 另一个
one...the other... (两者中)一个……另一个……
some...others... 一些……另一些……
02
考点精析
She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge.　
她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特生活过， 但是两地她都不喜欢，因此她搬到了剑桥。
Even if the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but I doubted it.　
尽管这个答案好像有点儿奇怪，但是除了我之外没人怀疑它。
Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge.　
尼基总是会有很多点子，但是据我所知，没有一个是有用的。
02
考点精析
This project requires close teamwork. Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.　
这个项目需要紧密的团队合作，除非我们通力合作，否则将一事无成。
To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.　
为了暖和自己，那个海员坐在火堆前，两只光着的脚互相蹭着。
In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks.　
在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。
02
考点精析
部分否定和全部否定
(1)no one、none、nobody、nothing、not...any/either以及“no＋名词”表示全部否定；
(2)all、both、everyone/everybody/everything以及“every＋名词”与not 连用时，表示部分否定；
(3)not与总括性副词，如everywhere、 always、 altogether 等连用时，也表示部分否定。
While I agree with the most of what you said, I don't agree with everything.
尽管我同意你的大部分看法，但并不是同意所有的看法。
重点记忆
02
考点精析
考点六　it的用法
1．指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象，还可指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。
The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it.
由于当地政府为增加就业率所做的努力，大城市的就业率不断上升。
02
考点精析
2．用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动词 ing形式或从句。
(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：
①It＋be＋adj./n.＋(for/of sb.)＋to do sth.；
②It is no good/use/useless doing sth.；
③It's (well) worth doing sth...；
④It＋be＋名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder/...)＋that从句；
⑤It＋不及物动词(词组)(seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb./...)＋that从句；
⑥It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句；
⑦It takes sb.time/money to do sth.
02
考点精析
(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：
①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/...＋it＋adj./n.＋(for/of sb.)＋to do sth./that从句；
②主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/...＋it＋useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy/...＋doing sth.
02
考点精析
it用于like、enjoy、hate、love、appreciate等表示喜欢、憎恶等情感的动词以及depend on/upon、see to等动词短语后，需接when、if、that等引导的从句。
重点记忆
02
考点精析
3．含有it的常考短语和句型：
believe it or not 信不信由你
make it 成功；做到；约定时间
take it for granted that... 认为……是理所当然的
as someone puts it 像某人所说的那样
when it comes to... 当涉及/谈到……
owe it to sb.that... 把……归功于某人
keep it in mind that... 把……铭记在心
It depends. 视情况而定。
02
考点精析
Take it easy. 别着急。
It's (high) time that sb. (should) do/did sth.
是某人该做某事的时候了。
It's the first/second/...time that sb. have/has done sth.
是某人第一次/二次/……次做某事。
It is/has been...since... 自从……多久了
It will be/was...before... 要过多久才……
It is/was＋时间点＋when... 当……时候，时间是……
强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...
02
考点精析
高频考点：替代用法
it特指前面提到过的同一个人或物，不带任何修饰语。
ones替代上文出现的复数名词，表泛指，同类不同一。
that替代上文出现的“the＋不可数名词或可数名词单数”，表特指，同类不同一。其后常跟介词短语作后置定语。
those替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，表特指，同类不同一。
one替代上文出现的“a/an＋可数名词单数”，表泛指，同类不同一。
02
考点精析
We rented a car. It looks very old.
我们租了一辆车。它看起来很旧。
Mr.Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one that I have never seen.
张先生给了我一件非常有价值的礼物——一件我从来没有见过的礼物。
In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from that in the UK.　
在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的教育制度没有很大差异。
The books on the desk are better than those under the desk.
桌子上面的书比桌子下面的书要好很多。
03
方法解读
方法一　通过句子成分确定填什么代词
1．如果作主语，则用人称代词的主格；
2．如果作宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格；
3．如果作定语，则用形容词性物主代词；
4．如果作宾语、表语或同位语且又反射到句子主语，则用反身代词。
On my desk is a photo that my father took of ____________ when I was a baby.
me
03
方法解读
方法二　通过句式结构判断是否填it
1．如果指代上文提到的同一个事物，则用it；
2．如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况等，则用it；
3．如果作形式主语或形式宾语，则用it；
4．注意一些固定用法： dislike/hate/appreciate/depend on/see to...＋it＋从句。
I'd appreciate ____________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
it
04
演练提升
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．High on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau lies China's “water tower” Sanjiangyuan.____ is home to the head waters of China's three rivers.
2．There is a British saying that offers some good advice in this situation: “Look after the pennies and the pounds will look after ________ (they)．”
3．Some people buy cloth shoes out of nostalgia (怀旧), while ________ trust their quality.
it
themselves
others
04
演练提升
4．Human beings love the world of nature that surrounds ________ (we), and we enjoy seeing the wild world up close.
5．The environmental movement didn't start with Earth Day and indigenous people (原住民) protecting the earth as ________ (they) way of life were the pioneers.
6．Had Columbus turned back, no one could have blamed him.Of course, no one would have remembered ________ (he), either.
7．When I learned more about the food, I began to understand why ________ has this special feature.
us
their
him
it
04
演练提升
8．There is also a growing trend towards marrying later: since 2013, the number of couples aged 25 to 29 has been greater than ________ of younger couples.
9．For one thing, they help to broaden our horizons.For ________, most books are sold at a lower price.
10．Failure is part of our life. ________ has achieved great success without lots of failures.
that
another
Nobody
04
演练提升
11．Data about the moon's composition，such as how much ice and other treasures it contains，could help China decide whether ____________(it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
12．As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟)and imagine ____________(they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
13．Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to ____________ (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”．
its
themselves
myself
04
演练提升
14．A study shows the students who are engaged in after school activities are happier than ____________ who are not.
15．If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ____________ a try.
16．When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____________(they) alive.
those
it
them
Thank You！