2023届高考英语复习之语法透析：形容词课件（25张PPT）

(共25张PPT)
形容词
2023届高考复习之语法透析
01
知识导图
形容词
形容词基本用法
形容词比较级与最高级构成
比较等级的用法
形容词在句中可作定语、表语、补足语和状语等。
一般加 er或 est
以 e结尾的，只加 r或 st
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加 er或 est
以“辅音字母加 y”结尾的，先变y为i再加 er或 est
单音节词和少
数双音节词
其他双音节词
在前面加more或most
同级比较
比较级
最高级
倍数表达法
02
考点精析
考点一 形容词的基本用法
形容词在句中可作定语、表语、补足语和状语等。
Unlike traditional gyms, app backed gyms offer people flexible options to exercise.
不像传统的健身房，有应用软件支持的健身房给人们提供了灵活的锻炼选择。
Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff.　
尽管旅馆服务不好，经理却不愿投资为员工提供足够的培训。
02
考点精析
考点一 形容词的基本用法
(1)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
Light hearted and optimistic, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.　
她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。
(2)有些以 ly结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词。常见的有friendly、lovely、lively、lonely、elderly、deadly 等。
02
考点精析
词形分类及变化构成 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节 词和少 数双音 节词 一般加 er或 est tall taller tallest
long longer longest
以 e结尾的，只加 r或 st nice nicer nicest
fine finer finest
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加 er或 est big bigger biggest
hot hotter hottest
fat fatter fattest
以“辅音字母加 y”结尾的，先变y为i再加 er或 est happy happier happiest
easy easier easiest
其他双 音节词 和多音 节词 在前面加more或most difficult more difficult most
difficult
beautiful more beautiful most
beautiful
考点二 形容词比较级和最高级的构成
1．规则变化
02
考点精析
重点记忆
(1)有少数几个双音节以及 ow、 er、 le结尾的词，既可以加 er和 est, 又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。常考的词有common、clever、simple、quiet、 stupid等。
(2)表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect、favorite、wonderful等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。有些词不与than连用也可用于比较，如be senior to等。
02
考点精析
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/ill worse worst
many/much more most
old older/elder oldest/eldest
little less least
far farther(具体) farthest(具体)
further(抽象) furthest(抽象)
2．不规则变化
02
考点精析
二、比较等级的用法
1．同级比较
as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...意为“和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...意为“和……不一样”。
Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue.　
虽然我像以前一样努力工作，但我没有感到疲劳。
I'm not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.　
今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。
02
考点精析
2．比较级
(1)常见句型：
①“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“more and more＋原级”意为“越来越……”；
②“the＋比较级……， the＋比较级……”，意为“越……，就越……”；
③“the＋比较级＋of (the)＋名词/代词”，意为“(两者中)较……的”。
02
考点精析
Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.
研究发现早起锻炼的人要比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。
Holiday flight tickets are getting less and less expensive.
假期的机票越来越便宜了。
The more you listen and read, the better you write and speak.
你听得越多、读得越多，你的写作和口语就越好。
02
考点精析
修饰比较级的副词有much、even、still、far、a little、a lot、rather 等。more、very等副词不可修饰比较级。
It was also much more than we could afford, but far less than the original asking price.
这个价格仍然远远超出我们能够负担得起的价位，但是它已经远远低于最初的要价了。
02
考点精析
(2)比较级形式表达最高级的含义
①“否定词＋比较级”或“否定词＋such/so...as”结构表示最高级含义。
Your story is perfect; I've never heard a better one before.
②比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义：
a．比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数；
b．比较级＋than＋all the other＋可数名词复数；
c．比较级＋than＋any of the other＋可数名词复数。
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/longer than all the other rivers/longer than any of the other rivers in China.
02
考点精析
3．最高级
(1)表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，意为“……是……中最……的”。
Andy is content with the toy. It is the best he has ever got.
(2)“one of/among＋形容词最高级＋名词复数”，意为“最……的……之一”。
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.
＝Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.
(3)“序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词”，意为“第几个最……的……”。
Africa is the second largest continent in the world.
02
考点精析
4．倍数表达法
常见的倍数表达句型主要有：
(1)A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B；
(2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B；
(3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size、length、height等)＋of＋B；
(4)The＋名词(size、length、height 等)＋of＋A＋is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B；
(5)A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句。
The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
The height of the tree is twice what it was five years ago.　
02
考点精析
5．比较等级的注意事项
(1)某些以 ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。如inferior(劣等的、次的)、superior(较好的、优于……)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)、prior(在……之前)等。
He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.
在化学方面他胜过张老师。
02
考点精析
(2)在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one) on the bookshelf.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
(3)形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，有时不加冠词，此时不表比较，而用来加强语气，意为“非常”。
He is a most clever young policeman.
02
考点精析
(4)关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：
①修饰“绝对”意义的形容词，一般不用very，而用quite、completely、well、entirely。如quite wrong/mistaken/sure、 completely dead、 quite impossible、 quite perfect等。
②修饰以a 开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone、very much alone、wide awake、fast asleep、very much afraid。
③修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth、 much the same、freezing cold、quite different、terribly cold/frightening。
03
方法解读
方法一　遇到与than连用，要想到用比较级
Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ____________(clean) than ever.
After a few months, we all felt that we had been able to build much ____________(strong) relationships with the family than we had before.
cleaner
stronger
03
方法解读
情况二　遇到and、but、or等连词前面或后面用比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级
They were also the best and ____________(bad) years in my life.
worst
03
方法解读
方法三　利用修饰语
(1)看到修饰语much、still、even、far、a lot、a little、a great deal、(by) far、a bit等以及百分数，要想到比较级；
(2)看到修饰语by far、nearly、almost、by no means、not really以及序数词，要想到最高级。
He realized that if he could construct a windmill, his village people could live a far ____________(good) life.
better
03
方法解读
方法四　遇到下列固定搭配，要想到用比较等级
(1)the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..
The ____________(hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.
(2)the＋最高级＋标志性词语或从句
My mum makes the ____________(good) biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.
harder
best
04
演练提升
1.A recent study has found that fish have much _________(good) memories than we used to think.
2.Next, the scientists take the cells and spread them out to form thin sheets, which are then put together to combine into a little _________ (thick) sheets.
3.The _________ (good) material to drink from is glass, which has no chemicals that can poison water.
4.Starting from Beijing North Railway Station and heading west through the Great Wall, the project is _________ (probable) the biggest challenge ever.
better
thicker
best
probably
04
演练提升
5.The Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao Bridge, as the _________ (long) sea crossing bridge in the world, is one of the most challenging constructions of its kind undertaken in the world to date.
6.People splash water on each other, hoping to take away sickness and disasters.The wetter you get, the _________ (lucky) you will be.
7.Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life, everlasting love and happiness, early birth of a _________ (health) baby and so on.
longest
luckier
healthy
04
演练提升
8._________ (obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.
9.These days, as compared to ten to fifteen years ago, the job of assembly is made _________ (simple) by producers of parts that are largely standardized.
10.Sometimes when a long time goes by without being recognized for the good we do, we start to get upset, but a simple statement of appreciation could make us become _________ (energy) again for a good long time.
Obviously
simpler
energetic
Thank You！