2023届高考英语复习之语法透析：虚拟语气课件（25张PPT）

(共25张PPT)
虚拟语气
2023届高考复习之语法透析
01
知识导图
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在其他从句中的运用
虚拟语气的基本用法
虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用
虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用
虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用
虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用
as if、if only从句中的虚拟语气
含蓄条件句的虚拟语气
if条件句中的虚拟语气
02
考点精析
1.if条件句中的虚拟语气
if条件句中的虚拟语气
虚拟现在
虚拟过去
虚拟将来
主句谓语动词
should/would/
could/might＋do
从句谓语动词
过去式(be动词一般用were)
主句谓语动词
should/would/could/
might＋have done
从句谓语动词
had+过去分词
主句谓语动词
should/would/
could/might＋do
从句谓语动词
过去式/were to do/should do
考点一　虚拟语气的基本用法
02
考点精析
We would be back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.
如果你没有把地图丢了的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。
They might have found a better hotel if they had driven a few more kilometers.　
如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。
Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。
02
考点精析
***(1)在if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中，谓语动词含有had、were、should时，可以把if省略，将had、were、should提到句首，变成倒装句。
Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
如果没有老师们的帮助，这个学生克服不了她的困难。
It might have saved me some trouble had I known the schedule.
要是早知道时间表的话，可能会省去我一些麻烦。
02
考点精析
(2)如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常有明显的时间状语，并且动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
Maybe if I had studied science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
也许如果当时我学的是理科不是文科的话，那么我现在就可以给你更多的帮助了。
02
考点精析
2.含蓄条件句的虚拟语气
有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有without(没有)、but for(要不是)、otherwise/or(否则)等。
The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time.　
工人们没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成这项任务。
Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison.要不是托马斯·爱迪生，我们现在从中获益的很多东西就不会存在。
02
考点精析
考点二　虚拟语气在其他从句中的运用
一、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用
1.wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
与现在事实相反
与过去事实相反
与将来事实相反
从句谓语动词:过去式(be动词一般用were)
从句谓语动词:had＋过去分词
从句谓语动词:would/could/might＋动词原形
02
考点精析
There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I had a second chance to become more involved.　这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活，我希望自己还能有机会去更多地参与其中。
I wish I had told him the way to the supermarket.
我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。
I wish you could give me the book you borrowed from me last week tomorrow.
我希望你明天能把你上周从我这儿借的那本书还给我。
02
考点精析
2.在表示“建议、要求、命令”等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
常见的这类动词有：
①坚持：insist；
②命令：order、command；
③建议：advise、suggest、propose、recommend；
④要求：request、require、demand、ask、desire。
02
考点精析
She suggested that Dale (should) join the debating team, believing that practice in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.
她建议戴尔参加辩论队，她认为演讲练习会给予他所需要的信心和认可。
He insisted that the problem (should) be discussed at the meeting.　他执意要求在会上讨论这个问题。
02
考点精析
***当suggest意为“暗示、表明”，insist意为“坚持认为”时，从句要用陈述语气。
His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.
他的沉默表明他同意我的决定。
He insisted that he hadn't stolen the money.
他坚持说他没有偷过钱。
02
考点精析
3.would rather所接的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，表示对现在或将来的虚拟；从句谓语动词用过去完成时，表示对过去的虚拟。
We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.　
我们宁愿女儿待在家，陪在我们身边，但是选择权在她手上，毕竟她不再是个孩子了。
I'd rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.
要是前天他和我一起去海边就好了。
02
考点精析
二、虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用
表示“建议、要求、命令、计划”等的名词，如advice、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等，其后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
My suggestion was that necessary measures (should)be taken to protect the children from dangerous situations.
我的建议是采取必要措施来保护孩子们远离危险的境遇。
His suggestion that we (should) go to Shanghai is wonderful.　
他让我们去上海的建议很好。
02
考点精析
三、虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用
在“It is/was＋adj./done＋that...”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的形容词或过去分词有important、necessary、strange、suggested、ordered、advised、requested、demanded等。
It is necessary that we (should) clean the room every day.
我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。
It is required that middle school students (should) take at least one hour exercise every day.
中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。
02
考点精析
四、虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用
It's (about/high/very) time＋that从句(从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去时或should＋动词原形，should不能省略)，意为“是某人该做某事的时间了”。
It's time that we went/should go home.
是我们该回家的时候了。
It is high time that we took/should take some measures to solve the problem.
确实到了我们采取措施解决这个问题的时候了。
02
考点精析
情况 从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词
与将来事实相反 would/could/might＋动词原形
五、as if、if only从句中的虚拟语气
02
考点精析
If only the driver didn't drive so fast.
要是司机没开那么快就好了。
If only she would pass the English examination!
但愿她能通过英语考试！
Mary's description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I had been there.
玛丽对这次聚会的描述是如此生动，以至于我觉得我好像去过那里一样。
现在事实相反
将来事实相反
过去事实相反
02
考点精析
***当as if/though引导的句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气。
Look at the dark clouds. It looks as if it is going to rain.
看那乌云，好像要下雨了。
03
方法解读
方法一　意义和语气判断法
所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是答题的前提。此外，情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、态度或情感，所以在解答此类试题时，要从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定所需情态动词是否符合说话者的语气以及特定的情感需要。
George _____________________(not go) too far. His coffee is still warm.
表示对过去发生的事情非常有把握的否定推测
can't/couldn't have gone　
03
方法解读
方法二　时间判断法
虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的动作进行虚拟。判断出时间后再根据相应的结构或句型确定谓语动词的形式。
I wish I ____________(be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
表示与过去事实相反的假设
had been
04
演练提升
1. “That way, the spread of the virus could ____________(prevent)，” it said, “since people did not need to be in close contact.”
2.It's required that at least one football class ______________ (offer) each week in these schools so that they can encourage their students to actively participate in football training and matches.
3.When you phoned me, I was having a meeting; how I wish I ______________ (answer) your call.
be prevented
(should) be offered
had answered
04
演练提升
4.Ann said whenever her father was unhappy he ____________ go out and buy something, usually something large and useless.
5.—What does the sign over there read
—No person ______________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.
6.It is high time that you ______________ (consider) that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little.
would
shall
considered/should consider
04
演练提升
7.You didn't let me drive. If we ______________ (drive) by turns, you wouldn't have got so tired.
8.—Where is my Chinese book I remember I put it here yesterday.
—You ______________ have put it in the wrong place.
9.John wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he ______________ (come) tomorrow than today.
10.My suggestion is that a notebook ______________ (keep) and a Chinese English dictionary ______________ (be) within our reach.
had driven
must
came
(should) be kept(keep)
(should) be
Thank You！