2023届高三英语二轮复习被动语态课件(30张PPT)

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名称 2023届高三英语二轮复习被动语态课件(30张PPT)
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科目 英语
更新时间 2022-06-26 07:06:07

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(共30张PPT)
考点解读
牛刀小试
专题 被动语态
学习目标
1.被动语态的构成
2.什么时候使用被动语态?
3.哪些句型结构有被动语态?
4.如何变被动语态?
5.被动语态特殊情况
6.被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别
The dog bit the man.
狗咬人。
The man bit the dog.
人咬狗。
Warm-up
主动语态和被动语态。
所谓“被动语态”,相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式
他的自行车被偷了。
这座楼房是由他们建造的。
被动语态的构成: be + 过去分词 + (by+动作执行者)
被动语态构成
1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要指出。
Paper is made from wood.
纸是由木材生产出来的。
The house is quite old. It was built in 1950.
这座房子太旧了。它是1950年建成的。
He was wounded in the fight.
他在战斗在受伤了。
Electricity is used to run machines.
电是用来开动机器的。
什么时候使用被动语态?
2. 需要强调动作的对象时。
Calculator can’t be used in the maths exam.
计算器不能用于数学考试。
Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away.
阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。
He was awarded first prize in that contest.
他在比赛中获得了第一。
什么时候使用被动语态?
3. 为了使语气婉转,避免提到是谁做的这件事。
The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.
新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。
什么时候使用被动语态?
1.主 谓
主动:I work (我工作)不能造出被动语态。
2.主 系 表
主动:She is cute.(她是可爱的) 也是不能造出被动语态。
哪些句型结构有被动语态?
3.主 谓 宾
主动:I play ball.(我打球)
被动:ball is played by me(球被我打)
4.主 谓 间宾 直宾
主动:Mike told me a story.(迈克告诉我一个故事)
被动:I was told a story(by Mike).(我被迈克告诉一个故事)
5. 主 谓 宾 宾补
主动:Tom will teach me to learn English.(汤姆会来教我学习英语)
被动:I will be taught to learn English(by Tom).(我将被汤姆教学习英语)
哪些句型结构有被动语态?
Step 1: 找被动句主语
Step 2:看时态,看人称,变动词(be +done)
Step 3:剩下部分照搬。
如何变被动语态?
1. People speak English in Canada.
2. He ate my hamburger.
3. The villagers laughed at the poor boys.
4. Ms Xu took good care of Yao Ce.
5. Daddy is going to buy you a Barbie.
如何变被动语态?
在加拿大,人们都说英语。
People speak English in Canada.
English is spoken in Canada(by people).
被动语态强调的是XX被XX了、强调动作的承受方
如何变被动语态?
他吃了我的汉堡包。
He ate my hamburger.
My hamburger was eaten by him.
如何变被动语态?
村民嘲笑那个穷困的男孩。
The villagers laughed at the poor boy.
The poor boy was laughed at by the villagers.
尽管改为被动语态,固定搭配 laugh at 的介词 at 也不能丢掉。
如何变被动语态?
许妈把姚策照顾得很好。
Ms Xu took good care of Yao Ce.
Yao Ce was taken good care of by Ms Xu.
如何变被动语态?
老爹会给你买个芭比娃娃。
Daddy is going to buy you a Barbie.
A Barbie is going to be bought for you by Daddy.
如何变被动语态?
★不管时态怎样变,be done 的结构也万变不离其中。
★ buy 有固定搭配:buy sth. for sb.
变被动式就是:sth. is bought for sb.
在被动语态中,by sb 放在句子最后,因为被动强调的是被...的人或物,而不强调是谁干的。
1.不及物动词/词组没有被动语态
remain, happen, belong to, take place, lose heart 等。
I’ll never lose heart even if I should fail ten times.
即使失败10次,我也不灰心。
It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.
已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。
被动语态特殊情况
My house wants decorating.
My house wants to be decorated.
我家需要装修一下了。
The toilet needs unclogging.
The toilet needs to be unclogged.
马桶该捅捅了。
被动语态特殊情况
2.主动表被动:want/ need/ require + doing(动名词)
= want/ need/ require to be done
表示“需要做某事
It seems that HUAWEI Mate 40 doesn't sell well.
看来华为mate40卖得不是很好。
Parker pens write quite smoothly.
派克的钢笔书写很流畅。
被动语态特殊情况
2.主动表被动: sell, wash, write ,wear,read等动作跟 well, smoothly, easily 等与表现、性能有关的副词连用。
3.make, hear, see 变被动,要加 to。
make sb. do sth. → sb. is made to do sth.
hear sb. do sth. → sb. is heard to do sth.
see sb. do sth. → sb. is seen to do sth.
被动语态特殊情况
Mom made me do homework.
I was made to do homework by Mom.
我妈让我写作业。
4.系表结构:表示的是一种状态,而不是被动。
有些句子有迷惑性,有 be 动词,有看上去很像过去分词、-ed结尾的形容词,实际上与被动无关。
I am tired.
Mom is delighted.
Dad is worried.
★「系表结构」指系动词 + adj. 的结构,表示某人/物的状态、特点。系动词包括:be 动词,seem, appear,以及 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等被称作“感官动词”的词。
被动语态特殊情况
对比:
The bar is closed.酒吧打烊了。
★系表结构,强调没有开门营业这个状态。
The bar is closed at 2 a.m.酒吧在凌晨2点打烊。
★被动语态,强调凌晨2点,服务生开始清场、关门这个动作,酒吧“被”关门。
被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别:
1.含义不同:被动语态强调动作,重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景,叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。
The window is broken.
窗子破了。(系表结构)
The window is broken by him.
窗子被他打破了。(被动语态)
被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别:
2. 用法不同:过去分词作表语时可以被 so,very,too等程度副词修饰,而被动语态则不能用so,very,too修饰,而需用much,very much,so much,too much修饰。
He was very interested in science.
他对科学有极大兴趣。(系表结构)
I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn t know what to do.
我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊,不知所措。(被动语态)
被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别:
牛刀小试
We call the gas form of water vapor. (变为被动)
The gas form of water is called vapor. (by us)
〖答案〗A
〖解析〗Belong无进行时和被动语态, 由此排除B, C, D, 故选A。
牛刀小试
The construction of the two new railway lines________by now.
A.has completed B.have completed
C.have been completed D.has been completed
〖答案〗D
〖解析〗从by now这个时间状语来看, 应用现在完成时;从文意来看, 应用被动语态;从主谓一致来看, 主语是the construction, 谓语动词应使用单数形式。
牛刀小试
Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ______to
the well-educated.
A. belongs B. is belonged C. is belonging D. will be belonged
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗考查动词用法。
〖解析〗Belong无进行时和被动语态。
牛刀小试
The slaves were made from morning till night.
A.work B. working C. worked D.to work
〖答案〗D。
〖解析〗make变被动语态的时候后面需要加to。
学习小结
1.被动语态的构成: Be+done
2.什么时候使用被动语态? 谁做不重要!
3.哪些句型结构有被动语态? 带有宾语的结构!
4.如何变被动语态?
Step 1: 找被动句主语
Step 2:看时态,看人称,变动词(be +done)
Step 3:剩下部分照搬。
5.被动语态特殊情况 主动表被动,make类词汇,系表结构
6.被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别 动作和状态




本节结束,谢谢观看!