课件26张PPT。Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary——Warming UpModule 1 British and American English?Step One：Words and Phrases
Ⅰ.词汇知识
1．__________ (n.) 口音
2．__________ (adj.) 显然的，显而易见的
3．__________ (vi.) (英)排队(等候)accentobviousqueue4．__________ (adj.) 令人困惑的；难懂的
5．_____________ (vt.) 比较
6．____________ (n.) 种类
7．____________ (n.) 评论；讲话
8．____________ (n.) 变化confusingcomparevarietyremarkvariation9．steadily adv. __________________
10．switch n. ___________
11．satellite n. _________
12．structure n. _____________不断地；持续地开关卫星结构；体系Ⅱ.重点短语
1．have..._____ common 有共同特点
2．make ______difference 有影响，使不同
3．get ______________四处走动
4．compare...____________... 和……比较inaaroundwith/to5．differ __________与……不同
6．be similar _______与……相似
7．have difficulty _____________sth. 做某事有困难
8．lead ________导致；引起from to (in) doing to?Step Two：Fast Reading
Ⅰ.Scan the text and do some true or false questions.
1．There’re a lot of differences in grammar between British and American English.( )F2．Vocabulary is the first and most obvious difference between the two.( )
3．British people say “write me” and “on the team”．( )
4．There’s not much variation in language within the country.( )TFF5．Television and Internet have made it easier for the British and Americans to understand each other.( )
6．In the future，there’ll be only one kind of English.( )TFⅡ.Choose the best answer according to the text.
1．This passage is mainly about ________.
A．how the British brought English into the New World
B．the tourists’ difficulties in the two countries
C．the use of the world official language—English
D．the obvious differences between British English and American EnglishD2．What is the writer’s attitude toward the differences between British English and American English?_____
A．People can understand each other in the same nation however great the differences are.
B．Differences within a language are quite normal even in the same country.
C．George Bernard Shaw believed that English would grow better.
D．It is surprising that the same language has such great differences.B3．The paragraph Colour or Color？tells us that ________.
A．people on the East Coast of the US speak a much similar English to the British
B．differences between languages often cause international problems
C．American English seems better than British English
D．spelling and pronunciation differences no longer exist in the same languageA4．What causes “the two varieties are moving closer together”？___________
A．That the two nations are becoming more friendly.
B．American words and structures are passing into British English.
C．Steady communications between the two nations.
D．That scientists have made communications much easier.C5．Why do many people believe that British English will disappear in the future?______
A．Because it is not easy to understand.
B．Because its spelling is more difficult.
C．Because lots of American words and structures have passed into it.
D．Because it is not as useful as American English.C?Step Three：Careful Reading
Ⅰ.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions.
1．Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
There are a lot of differences between British English and American English.
答案：_________________________________
______________________________________.British English and American
English are different in many ways2．In what ways is American English different from British English?
答案：________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________.American English is different from
British English in vocabulary，grammar，spelling as well as pronunciation3．Translate the sentence into Chinese.
But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English，so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.
答案：__________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________。但是这也导致许多美式英语单词
和结构融入英式英语，以至于现在有些人认为英式英语将会消失Ⅱ.Read the text and fill in the blanks.differentcarsgasundergroundtaxistand in linechipsarrivedcolourvariation?Step Four：Consolidation
British and American English are different in many ways.The first and most 1.________ way is in the vocabulary.For example，Americans drive automobiles down freeways while the British drive cars along 2._______________.obviousmotorwaysThe second difference is that sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning，which can be 3.__________.Third，there are a few differences in 4.___________ ，too.The British say “Have you got...？” while Americans prefer “Do you have...？” Prepositions，too，can be different.confusinggrammarThe British use prepositions while Americans 5.________ them.Finally，many factors have influenced American 6.___________________ since the first 7._______________ arrived four hundred years ago.omitpronunciationsettlersThe 8.________ ，which is most 9.__________ to British English，can be heard on the East Coast of the US.A Londoner may have more 10.______________ understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.accentsimilardifficulty?Step Five：Discussion
Do you think Chinese will be most widely used in the world? Why? (within 30 words)
Cue words：development；communicate
答案：_________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Yes，I think so.Because with our
country’s development，more and more foreigners want to learn Chinese in order to communicate with us本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件79张PPT。Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary－Language StudyModule 1 British and American English1We have really everything in common with America nowadays，except of course，language.
当然，除了语言外，如今我们确实在所有方面都和美国一样。[品味经典]
①Though they are twins，they have nothing in common.
虽然是双胞胎，他们却毫无共同之处。
②To my surprise，I found I had a lot in common with this stranger.
令我吃惊的是，我发现自己和这个陌生人有许多共同点。[自我探究]
have sth.in common (with sb.)意为“______________________________”；have sth.in common(with sth.)意为“_______________________________”，(与某人)想法、兴趣等相同(与某物)特征或特性相同其宾语一般是表示程度的
________________________________________等。a lot，everything，much，little，nothing ③In common with other students，Tom is good at English.和其他学生一样，汤姆的英语学得也很好。[易混辨析]
common，regular，usual，ordinary
(1)common共同的，到处可见的，强调普遍性
(2)regular定期的，强调规律性；
(3)ordinary平凡无奇的，普通的，强调不特殊；
(4)usual经常的，一贯如此的，强调习惯性。[单词团团转]
用common，usual，regular，ordinary填空
It is (1)___________ that drunken drivers have accidents，both important people and (2)___________ people have equal chance to kill people or be killed.Therefore，test of alchol to drivers should be (3)__________ carried out.Also a/an (4)___________ warning should be given to the drivers who are addicted to alchol.commonordinaryregularlyusual解析：从时空概念上区分这4个词很容易理
解，也方便记忆。
(1)common到处可见的，强调普遍性(空间概念)；(2)ordinary 普通的，层次低(空间概
念)；(3)regular定期的(时间概念)；(4)usual经常的，一贯如此的(时间概念)。2It doesn’t make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.
一位老师说的是英式英语还是美式英语，这并没有多大差异。[品味经典]
①It makes no difference whether he comes or not.
他来不来没有多大的影响。
②If you can speak English very well，it does make a difference.
如果你英语说得棒的话，那会很不一样。
③Could that make any difference to you ?
那对你有影响吗？[自我探究]
whether...or ... ____________________，为固定结构，引导了一个_________，在句中作真正的主语，而主句中的 ______只是形式主语。
make a difference 表示“______________”或_________________________。“是否……还是……”主语从句it有影响“使……不一样”常用的固定搭配还有 make no /some /any /much /a lot of difference 表示
_______________________________。没有/有一些/有很大的影响[牛刀小试]
完成句子
(1)他帮不帮助我们没有多大的影响。
It makes no difference
_____________________________________.whether he will help us or not(2)如果你想与别人不一样，你就应该努力工作。
If you want to _______________________，you should work hard.
(3)他的失败对你有影响吗？
Does his failure __________________________？make a differencemake any difference to you3British and American English are different in many ways.The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary.
英式英语与美式英语在很多方面都不相同。最首要、最明显的区别就在于词汇。[品味经典]
①It is quite obvious that he didn’t do it himself.
显然他没有亲自去做。
②It was obvious that she felt upset.
显然她感到不安。③Her disappointment was obvious to everyone.
大家都看得出来她显然很失望。
④Obviously he can’t tell the difference between them.
显然他无法区别二者的不同。[自我探究]
obvious adj.意为“____________________”。句型 It is obvious that...意为“__________”，
______为形式主语，__________是主语。obviously 是__________。显然的，显而易见的显然……itthat 从句副词[单词团团转]
obvious(obviously)，clear(clear)，apparent(apparent)显然的/明显地4As a tourist，you will need to use the underground in London or the subway in New York，or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi (British) or cab (American)．
作为游客，你在伦敦要乘的地铁叫 underground，而在纽约则叫 subway，或者你愿意乘坐 taxi (英国用法)或者 cab (美国用法)游览城市。[品味经典]
①It is difficult for him to get around without a stick.
他没有手杖四处活动很困难。
②It quickly got around that Joshua was back in town.
乔舒亚已经回城的消息很快就传开了。(朗文P813)
③I think we should be able to get around most of these problems.
我认为我们应该能避开这些问题的大部分的。[自我探究]
get around 意为“____________________”，相当于 get about，后接“人”作宾语时，表示“劝服(某人)”。四处走动；传播；流传[单词团团转]
用适当的词填空
(get through，get along with，get down to，get around)
A boy did not (1)_____________________ most of his classmates so well，for he used to (2)________________ them while they were working on assignments.get along withget aroundHis disturbing made it impossible for them to (3)_______________ their work.The usual case is that they managed to (4)_________________ their work with the help of the teacher who scolded and punished the boy.get down toget through解析：这些词组皆为常用必备的语言材料：get through意为“完成”；get along with意为“和……相处” ；get down to意为正式做；get around意为“四处走动”。[牛刀小试]
完成句子
We had to use public transport to ________________(外出活动)．get around5Prepositions，too，can be different：compare on the team，on the weekend (American) with in the team，at the weekend (British)．
介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下 on the team，on the weekend (美国用法)和 in the team，at the weekend (英国用法)。[品味经典]
①Living in a town can’t compare with living in the country in many respects.
在许多方面城市生活比不上乡下生活。
②These women nurses can be compared to angels in white.
这些女护士可以被比作白衣天使。③A beginner’s painting can’t be compared to that of an expert.初学者的画不能与专家的相比。
④Compared to/with developed countries，we still have a long way to go.
与发达国家相比，我们还有很长的路要走。[自我探究]
compare sth.with sth.
_____________________________
compare sth.to sth.
__________________________________
compared to
常用作状语，表示“________________”的意思。把……和……比较；比起来把……比拟为……；喻为……和……相比[牛刀小试]
完成句子
(1)比较一下我和他的作文，你会发现他的比较好。
___________ my composition with his，and you will find his is better.Compare(2)和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英
语。
_____________ with your brother，you should make greater efforts to study English.Compared(3)当比较不同的文化的时候，我们经常只注意不同点，而不注意它们的相同点。
________________ different cultures，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.Comparing解析：第一句是“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型结构，所以用动词原形；第二句为过去分词短语作状语，表示被动，和主句主语存在逻辑动宾关系，相当于If you are compared with your brother，you...；第三句为v.?ing形式作状语，表示主动，和主句主语之间存在逻辑主谓关系，相当于When we compare different cultures，we...。6The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.
两种语言分类各不相同的另外两个方面就是拼写和发音。
(1)variety[品味经典]
①There’s a large variety of dishes on the menu.
菜单上有许多种菜。
②A variety of apples are sold in this supermarket.
这家超市卖各种各样的苹果。③There are new varieties of wheat.
麦子有许多新品种。
④Teaching methods vary greatly from school to school.
各个学校的教学方法大不相同。(朗文P2206)[自我探究]
variety n．
意为_______________________________；a variety of 意为____________________，相当于 _________________。variety 的前面可以有________，_________，_________ 等词修饰。
(2)differ“变化；品种，变种；多种多样”“多种多样的”varieties ofgreatlargewide[品味经典]
⑤Our opinion differs greatly from each other’s in that respect.我们的意见在那方面有很大的出入。
⑥The brothers differ widely in their tastes.
他们弟兄的爱好大相径庭。
⑦I’m sorry to differ with you on that.
对不起，在那一点上我与你看法不同。[自我探究]
动词 differ 在该句中的意思是“不同于，相
异”。与介词 ______连用表示“在某方面相异”。与介词 _________连用，表示“和……不同”，相当于____________________。differ ______________sb._____________ sth.意为“不同意，持异议”。infrombe different fromwith /fromabout/on[单词团团转]
用适当的词填空
The trees differ (1)________ each other，but it is difficult to tell what they are different (2)_______．After careful observation，you’ll tell the differences (3)____________ the trees.frominbetween解析：这三个句子把三个同根词有机地结合在一起，既考查了不同搭配又说明它们的内在联系。建议记住这段情景。[牛刀小试]
完成句子
这家旅馆为客人提供各种各样的娱乐活动。
The hotel offers its guests _________________ amusements.a wide variety of7The accent，which is most similar to British English，can be heard on the East Coast of the US.
在美国东海岸能听到与英国英语非常相似的口音。[品味经典]
①She is similar in temper to her mother.
她的脾气跟她妈妈相似。
②The object of the game is similar to that of badminton.
这种运动的目的和羽毛球相似。[自我探究]
similar 作形容词，意为“
_____________________”。后可接介词 to ，构成 be similar to sb./sth.结构，意为“______________”。表示“在……方面相似”，用 __________________。be similar to 的反义词是 ____________________“与……不同”。近似的，类似的，相似的和……相似be similar inbe different from[单词团团转]
用similar，similarly，similarity填空
The two friends are (1)_________ to each other in many ways，and they act (2)__________．But neither of them believes that there is much (3)___________ between them.similarsimilarlysimilarity[单词一条线]
different(不同)→similar(相似)→same
(相同)→identical(完全一样)8But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English，so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.
但是这也致使许多美国英语单词和结构传入英国英语，以至于现在有一些人相信英国英语将要消失。[品味经典]
①Hard work leads to success and failure often lies in laziness.勤劳通向成功，失败源于懒惰。
②Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。
③This road leads to the hotel.这条路通向旅馆。④What led you to this conclusion?
你是怎样得出这个结论的？
⑤What led you to take up acting as a career?
是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？[自我探究]
lead to _____________________，其中 to 为介词，后接________________。lead sb.to＋n.“_________________________”；lead sb. ___________sth.使某人做……。“引起，导致；通向”名词或动名词引导某人……to do[单词团团转]
引起，导致：
lead to
bring about
give rise to
result in9A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.
伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。[品味经典]
①Some students have difficulty in finding jobs after graduation.有些学生毕业后很难找到工作。
②He said he had some difficulties with his English pronunciation.
他说他在英语发音方面有一些困难。
③Did you have any trouble finding his house?
你找到他的房子有没有困难？[自我探究]
have difficulty in doing sth.
“____________________”的意思。difficulty 前可加修饰词 _______________________等；________可省略。做某事有困难much，little，noindifficulty 可换成 __________，___________，__________________，_________________，_________________ 等，若difficulty 等后接名词，介词 in 换成 __________。
troubleproblema hard timea good timegreat funwith[牛刀小试]
You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm.
A．walked
B．walk
C．to walk
D．walking解析：选D。we had为定语从句，修饰先行词difficulty。imagine后宾语从句的谓语为have difficulty (in) doing sth.结构。10This non?stop communication，the experts think，has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.
专家认为，这种不间断的交流使得英美人之间的相互理解变得更加容易。[品味经典]
①His dream was that the Olympic Games would make it possible for countries and people to live peacefully side by side.
他的梦想就是奥林匹克运动会能使所有的国家和人们和平共处。②New inventions and discoveries have made it possible for us to think about the world in new ways.
新的发明和发现使我们用新的方式了解世界成为可能。③We found it pleasant that we worked together with them.
我们发现与他们一起工作很愉快。
④He thinks it no need talking about it with them.
他认为没有必要跟他们谈。[自我探究]
当__________、__________或__________在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时(如 make，find，see，hear 等)，为保持句子平衡，常用 _______作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。其结构为：主语＋谓语动词＋ it ＋形容词/名词/代词＋不定式/动名词/从句。it 后面的形容词或名词作___________。不定式动名词从句it宾补[单词团团转]
用适当的词填空
I have to make (1)________ clear that (2)________ is no use regret what you have done and that you should never take (3)________ for granted that another chance will be given to you.ititit解析：(1)题、(3)题it作形式宾语，替代that引导真正的宾语从句；(2)题it 作形式主语，替代that引导真正的主语从句。11When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences.
当著名的爱尔兰作家萧伯纳说出“英国和
美国是被一种常见的语言分割开来的两个国家”一番话时，很明显他考虑了两者之间的差异。[品味经典]
①I have no idea when he will come.
我不知道他什么时候来。
②Almost everyone expressed the hope that we would meet again.几乎每个人都表达了想再次见面的希望。
③I am glad to hear the news that our team has won the game.
我很高兴听到我们队赢得了比赛的消息。[自我探究]
that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language 是
_____________，用来说明前面的名词 remark 的________。常跟在以下名词的后面：idea，thought，belief，hope，suggestion，doubt，order，news。同位语从句内容[归纳拓展]
that 引导同位语从句时，是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，一般不能省略；that 引导定语从句时，是关系代词，在从句中充当主语或宾语，若作宾语，可以省略。,试看以下两个例句：,(1)The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.(同位语从句),(2)The news (that) we heard on the radio was encouraging.(定语从句)[语法一条线]
The news (1)________ Mr.Zhang will teach us is true while the news (2)________ a girl classmate told me is false.thatthat解析：第一句里从句为同位语从句，news充当成分，第二句里从句为定语从句，news作told的宾语。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件50张PPT。Section Ⅲ Listening，Speaking，Everyday English and Function & Cultural CornerModule 1 British and American English1The prime minister is making an important announcement at the moment.
此刻首相正发表重要声明。[品味经典]
①They are expected to make an announcement later on today.预计今天晚些时候他们会发表一项声明。
②Ladies and gentlemen，I have an announcement to make.
女士们，先生们，我有事要宣布。[自我探究]
announcement 意为“______________”，“发表声明”用__________________________。而书面的“通知” 用 __________，常和动词短语 ________连用，表示“张贴通知”。声明，宣告make an announcementnoticeput up③Prime Minister Wen Jiabao announced the opening of the 16th Asian Games.
温家宝总理宣布第16届亚运会开幕。
④They announced the date of their wedding in the local paper.他们在当地报纸上发布了结婚日期。
⑤It has been announced that they will be married on National Day.他们已宣布在国庆节结婚。[牛刀小试]
The government has ________plans to create 10,000 new jobs.
A．said
B．decided
C．announced
D．spoken
解析：选C。句意为“政府已经宣布了创造10000个就业机会的计划”。2Now add some more ideas in favour of your chosen variety.
现在请补充一些观点以支持你所选择的种
类。[品味经典]
①Would you like to add anything to what I’ve said，John?
约翰，对于我说的，你还想补充一下吗？
②I can add up in my head quite easily.
我可以轻松地在我脑子里计算。
③His illness added to the family’s trouble.
他的病，给他的家庭增添了麻烦。④His whole school education added up to no more than one year.他所有的学校教育加起来总共只有一年。
⑤The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks，adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.
来访的部长对他的会谈表示满意，补充说他在这里很愉快。[自我探究]
add 作及物动词时表示“
________________________”；作不及物动词时表示“________________”，此时后常接介词to。短语add up意为“__________”；add up to 意为“______________”；add...to...意为“_____________________”。加，增加；进一步说/写增添；加起来加起来加起来达到往……里添加……[单词团团转]
The head teacher praised the boy who did some cleaning of the classroom，(1)________(add) that what he did added (2)________ the beauty of the class.In (3)________ (add) to his good deed，the boy worked on the lesson so well.addingtoaddition解析：(1)adding作伴随状语。
(2)add to意为 “增添”。
(3)介词in后跟名词addition作宾语。In addition to 意为“除了”。3Present your ideas to the rest of the class.
向班内其余的同学表述你的观点。
[品味经典]
①You should present your ideas at the meeting.
你应该在会议上陈述自己的观点。②David’s manager presented him with the award for best sales in the region.
戴维的经理向他颁发了本地区最佳销售奖。
③They presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.
他们向学院赠送了一笔款项以纪念他们的儿子。[自我探究]
present 作动词时，
表示“________________________”；作形容词时，表示“_________________”；作名词时，表示“____________________”。表示“向某人展示/赠送/授予某物”，使用短语 present sth._____ sb.＝present sb._________ sth.。呈现，描述，介绍，赠送现在的，在场的礼物，赠品；现在towith④How many people were present at the meeting yesterday?
昨天出席会议的有多少人？
⑤Everybody present welcomed the decision.
出席的人都采纳那个决议。⑥At present，I’m not at all satisfied with the present situation.
现在，我对目前的情况一点都不满意。
⑦He admired my old typewriter so much，I made him a present of it.
他非常喜欢我的旧打印机，所以我就送给他了。[单词团团转]
用present的适当形式填空
(present (v./n.)，be present at ，at present)
On a sunny day all the schoolmate (1)__________________ the opening ceremony，where Mary (2)______________ with a prize for his progress in study.(3)______________ many students are looking forward to such a prize.were present atwas presentedAt present[牛刀小试]
句型转换
The students presented a beautiful notebook to the teacher.
→The students presented the teacher __________________________________.with a beautiful notebook4The Chinese refer to their language as Han，as it became popular among the people during the Han Dynasty.
中国人将他们的语言称作“汉语”，是因为这种语言是汉朝期间在人们中间流传开来的。[品味经典]
①Her mother never referred to him again.
她母亲再没有提到过他。
②This paragraph refers to the events of last year.
这一段说的是去年发生的事。
③You may refer to a dictionary if necessary.
如果有必要的话，你可以查词典。
④He likes to be referred to as “Doctor Li”．
他喜欢被称作“李博士”。[自我探究]
refer to 的意思为“___________________”。
to 是介词，后面跟______________________作宾语。提到；涉及；参考名词，代词或动名词[易混辨析]
refer to，look up
这两个短语都有“查阅，查询”的意思，但后面所跟的宾语不同。
refer to 后面跟所查询的工具，如 a book，a dictionary。
look up 后面跟要查询的内容，然后再用介词 in 跟工具，如：look up a word in a dictionary。[单词团团转]
看看如何“查字典”
turn to a dictionary
refer to a dictionary
consult a dictionary
look up ...in a dictionary[牛刀小试]
完成句子
当我遇到不懂的东西时，我就去查阅参考书。
When I came across something unknown，I would ________________ a reference book＝
When I came across something unknown，I would ________________ in a reference book.refer tolook it up5Can you see any similarities between Webster’s work and attempts to simplify Chinese?
你能从Webster 的工作和简化汉语的尝试中看到一些相似点吗？[品味经典]
①They have attempted a difficult task.
他们已经开始了一项艰难的工作。
②They attempted to finish the work within a month.
他们试图在一个月内完成这项工作。
③He made an attempt to pass the exam，but it was too difficult.
他试图通过考试，但考试太难了。[自我探究]
attempt 意为“____________________”，既可用作_______，也可用作________。作动词时，后面跟________或__________作宾语；作名词时，表示“试图做某事”，使用短语 ________________________________sth.。短语 ________one’s first attempt 的意思是“第一次尝试”。努力，尝试，试图动词名词名词不定式make an attempt to doat[单词团团转]
用下列单词或短语填空
try(n.)attempt(n.)，attempt to(try to)，manage to (succeed in doing sth.)
Five prisoners (1)________________________ escape from prison，and then they made several (2)________________，but nothing helped them.attempted to (tried to)attemptsAt one time they were desperate until they found a hidden hole in the wall，and (3)_________________ get away .managed to解析：这一情景基本上区分了两个容易混淆的短
语。
(1)attempt常指一次尝试，暗示这种尝试不一定成功。attempt to do sth.尽力去做某事。
(2)try试图，尽力做某事。try to do sth.尽力去做，不一定成功；try doing sth.尝试着做某事。
(3)manage表示成功地做某事，设法做成了某事。manage to do sth.＝succeed in doing sth.＝be successful in doing sth.。6For Americans things are a little bit easier，thanks to the work of Noah Webster...
对美国人来说，多亏了一位叫诺亚·韦伯斯特的人，情况略有好转……[品味经典]
①It was thanks to your timely help that we finished the task on time.
幸亏你及时帮忙，我们才按时完成了任务。
②Thanks to the bad weather，the match had been cancelled.
由于这倒霉的天气，比赛取消了。
③The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all of you.
由于你们全体出色的表演，那出戏才获得成功。[自我探究]
thanks to 的意思为“______，________，_______”，to 为______，后跟名词。
______________，________，____________，_______________都是表示“由于”的介词短语；_________，________，______用来引导原因状语从句，________可以引导并列分
句，也表示原因，用在第一个分句后，前面常有逗号。幸亏多亏由于介词because ofdue toowing toas a result ofbecausesinceasfor[牛刀小试]
句型转换
As the weather was fine，we enjoyed ourselves indeed.
→__________________ the fine weather，we enjoyed ourselves indeed.Thanks to7I’m getting on just fine，now that I understand the local accent.
由于懂了当地的口音，我也就开始适应了。[品味经典]
①Now (that) John’s arrived，we can begin.
既然约翰来了，我们可以开始了。
②Now that I am well again，I can go on with my work.
既然我恢复了健康，就可以继续工作了。
③Now that you have come，you may as well stay.
既然你已经来了，最好留下来吧。[自我探究]
now that 意为“______________”，是一个连词词组，用来表示明显的________关系。在本句中连接一个表示原因的状语从句，在口语中可将 _________省略。通常位于句首。既然，因为因果that[单词团团转]
同义词归纳：since，now that，as既然8By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year，making it one of the most popular school books ever.
到十九世纪五十年代为止，每年售出一百万
册，结果使它成为最受欢迎的学校用书之一。[品味经典]
①Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，reaching a record $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.
石油价格从年初开始上涨了32%，到4月4日达到了创纪录的每桶57.65美元。②I turned off the light，seeing nothing.
我关上灯，什么也看不见了。
③I dropped the glass onto the floor，breaking it into pieces.
我把杯子掉在地板上，摔碎了。[自我探究]
making it one of the most popular school books ever是动词的?ing形式作____________，相当于一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句，即：which
___________________________________________。引导词which指代前面一句话的意思。结果状语made it one of the most popular school books ever[归纳拓展]
动词不定式短语也可以作结果状语，
但表示的是出乎意料的结果，常和only连用。
④I arrived at the shop only to find I’d left all my money at home.
我到商店却发现钱全落在家了。[语法一点练]
用动词的适当形式填空
John hurried to the school ，only (1)_____________(find) nobody in the classroom.(2)_______________(stand) dumbfound，he thought hard.And then he left the campus，(3)______________________(collect) his books.to findStandinghaving collected解析：该情景是为训练非谓语动词形式而作。(1)to find为动词不定式短语作结果状语，表示意外的结果；(2)Standing是伴随状语，表明两个动作同时进行。(3)having collected意为动作发生在谓语之前，和主语是主动关系。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件75张PPT。Section Ⅳ Grammar & WritingModule 1 British and American English[品味经典]
1．Action ________louder than words.
2．English _______________very rapidly now.
3．I think they _________you if you tell them.
4．Great changes ______________________in our city in the past few years.speaksis developingwill helphave taken place[自我探究]
第1句是____________，表示____________；第2句是____________，表示__________________动作；第3句是____________，表示_____________动作；第4句是__________，表示_____________________动作。一般现在时客观的事实现在进行时现阶段正在进行的一般将来时将要发生的现在完成时到现在为止完成的一、一般现在时
1．表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 usually，always，
sometimes，often，frequently，every day/week/year/morning...on Sunday 等时间状语连用。He often does his homework in his study.
他经常在他的书房做作业。
2．表示主语现在的特征、性格和状态。
The dictionary belongs to me.这本词典是我的。
3．表示客观规律、正确的事实或科学真理、格言，以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在。
The moon goes around the earth.月亮绕着地球转。
4．在由连词 if，unless，before，as soon as，when，once，however 等引导的时间(条件、让步)状语从句中，需用一般现在时表示将来。
If you work hard，you won’t fail in the exam.
如果你努力学习，你在考试中不会不及格。5．表示按安排或计划要做的事(有时间状
语)，限于 begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，open，close，return 等动词。
They leave for Shanghai next Sunday.
他们下周日去上海。二、现在进行时
1．表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。
He is reading newspapers.他正在读报纸。
2．表示说话人现在对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶等，常与 always，constantly，continually 等副词连用。
He is always thinking of others.
他总是想着别人。3．表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。(说话时动作不一定正在进行)
What are you doing these days?
这些日子你在做什么？
4．表示最近按计划或安排将要进行的动作。
常限于 go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，do，have，wear 等表移动、方向的动词。He is coming to see me next week.
他下周将来看我。
三、现在完成时
1．表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
—Have you had your supper yet?
你吃过晚饭了吗？
—Yes，I have just had it.是的，我刚刚吃过。
2．表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用：just，today，this morning，this month，this year，since，all the time。
I haven’t seen my teacher this evening.今晚我还没见到我的老师。
3．和 already，never，ever，just，before，lately，recently，yet，so far，up to the
present，in the past/last few years 等状语连用。
I have done my homework already.
我已经做完了家庭作业。4．常与介词 for，during，in，within，over 等引导的时间状语连用，表示过去的某一行为一直延续到现在。
I haven’t seen my English teacher in the recent years.
近几年我没见过我的英语老师。5．表示反复或习惯性的动作，常与 several times，once，twice，three times，frequently 等频度副词连用。
I have been to the USA once.我曾去过美国一次。
6．在“最高级＋名词”或在“这是第几次”之后跟定语从句，从句用现在完成时。
This is the third time I have been here.这是我第三次来这儿。
7．表示从过去到现在没有发生的动作。
I haven’t swept the floor for half a week.
我已半周没拖地了。
8．用在时间、条件状语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作完成。
I’ll tell him after you have left.你走后我将告诉他。9．have been to 去过……(已回来)，have gone to 去……了(或到了或在途中)。
My sister has gone to the USA.
我妹妹已去了美国。
10．在现在完成时中，终止性动词若与 for，since 等延续性状语连用，需把终止性动词变为 be 动词等的适当形式。如：die→be dead，join→be in，
fall ill→be ill，finish→be over，leave/go→be away，begin→be in，make friends→be friends，become→be，borrow→keep，arrive/get to/reach/come→be in/be at/stay，dress→be (dressed) in，
put on→have on/wear，meet→stay together。四、一般将来时
1．表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 soon，tomorrow(morning...)，next week/year...，some day，from now on，the day after tomorrow，in (the) future 等表示将来的时间状语连用。
I don’t know what will happen in the future.
我不知道将来会发生什么。2．shall/will＋动词原形：(单纯)表将来；不用于条件句；表(必然的)将来；表意愿，决心。
3．be going to＋动词原形：(计划)
打算做……；(客观迹象)预示。
4．be on the point of doing sth./be about to＋动词原形：即将或正要去做某事，不与时间状语连用但可与 when 从句连用。5．be to＋动词原形：计划好要做……；(表命令、禁止)应该……。
6．be＋doing 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于 go，start，set out，leave，reach，arrive，return，come，move，take off 等位移动词。
7．祈使句/短语＋and/or＋主语＋will...。Ⅰ.用动词的适当形式填空
1．I’m sorry I____________(lose)my key.I can’t open the door.
2．It is said that the two planets______________(move)closer and closer，and that’s the reason why so many earthquakes occur.have lost are moving3．We always ________ (care)for each other and________(help)each other.
4．—What about your company?
—Jobs_________________(lose)if it closes.
5．This is the first time that I_____________(see)this kind of film.carehelpwill be lost have seenⅡ.用括号内所给动词的适当时态填空
Mike：Hey，Ben，what’s up?
Ben：I 1._______________(take)a break and getting some sun.
Mike：It must be nice to work from home.am takingBen：Sure it is！But it 2.____________ (get)a little quiet sometimes.
Mike：Well，you have some good neighbors to keep you company.
Ben：How’s your job going，Mike?
Mike：I’m a little bored.I 3.______________ (think)about doing freelance Web design.But I worry that if I 4.________ (work)from home，it 5.________ (be)hard to concentrate.getsam thinkingworkwill be Ben：That’s not a big problem for me.Some days I 6.____________(not feel)like working，but then I tell myself that writing7.________(be)the job I love.If I don’t make myself write，then I8.____________(not have)any income.
Mike：If I can save some money，I think I might try to freelance.don’t feel iswon’t have Ben：Well，if my book 9.________(do)
well，I 10.________(be)able to save some money，too.Then I can take a real break and go somewhere exciting.does will beⅢ.单项填空
1．We ________on our project day and night in the past two weeks.
A．had worked
B．have worked
C．will be working
D．are working解析：选B。题意：在过去的两周里，我们夜以继日地做我们的项目。由时间状语 in the past two weeks 可知，本句应该用现在完成时态。2．—Ann is in hospital.
—Oh，really？I________know.I________go and visit her.
A．didn’t；am going to
B．don’t；would
C．don’t；will
D．didn’t；will解析：选D。题意：“安住院了。”“真的
吗？我还不知道呢，我要去看看她。”“不知道安住院”是说话之前的事，故第一空用一般过去时；“要去看安”是临时决定将要做的事，故用will do表示一般将来时。3．I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I ________ coffee.
A．prefer
B．preferred
C．have preferred
D．am preferring解析：选A。由时间状语 these days 可知表示现在，prefer 属表示心理状态的动词，不能用进行时，所以用一般现在时。4．Progress________so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.
A．was
B．had been
C．has been
D．will be解析：选C。句意：到目前为止进展很顺利，我们确信会按时完成工作。由时间状语 so far 判断 and 前的分句用现在完成时。5．—Have you got any job offers?
—No.I________.
A．waited
B．had been waiting
C．have waited
D．am waiting解析：选D。句意：“你找到工作了吗？”“没有，我在等。”由问句中的现在完成时可知问的是“现在找到工作了吗？”由此推断“等待”是现阶段正在进行的事，所以用现在进行时。6．(2011年江苏启东中学高二教学质量检测)Mr.Blake ________ Shanghai in a few days.Do you know when the earliest plane ________ on Sunday?
A．is leaving；takes off
B．leaves；takes off
C．is leaving；is taking off
D．leaves；is taking off解析：选A。第一空用现在进行时表示将来，第二空为宾语从句的谓语，在此只能用一般现在时态，表示按规定或时间表预计要发生某事。7．—Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?
—Yes，I have.I guess it ________ now.
A．has graded
B．is graded
C．is being graded
D．is grading解析：选C。句意：——你交作业了吗？——交了。我猜想老师正在批改。根据句意，排除A、B。句子的主语为 it，应用被动语态，故选C。8．I’ll come to call on you the moment I ________ my work.
A．finish
B．will finish
C．had finished
D．will have finished
解析：选A。当主句用将来时时，the moment 引导的时间状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来。9．—How can I apply for an online course?
—Just fill out this form and we ________ what we can do for you.
A．see
B．are seeing
C．have seen
D．will see解析：选D。句意：——我怎样申请一门网上课程呢？——填一下这个表格，我们看一下能帮你做点什么。本题考查典型句式：祈使句＋and＋一般将来时的陈述句，其中的祈使句相当于一个 if 引导的条件句，and 后的句子相当于主句，主句用一般将来时，条件从句用一般现在时。如：Study hard，and you’ll pass the exam。10．Because the shop ________，all the T?shirts are sold at half prices.
A．has closed down
B．closed down
C．is closing down
D．had closed down解析：选C。主句为一般现在时态，证明商店还没有关闭，用现在进行时表将来，说明动作即将发生，故选C。写作要求
假设你是李华，你的美国笔友Tom想向你了解现代汉语的基础知识。请根据下面提供的相关信息写一封英语短信。
1．汉语中约有50000个汉字，其中大约20000个是多数人所知晓的。2．汉语有8种主要变体，它们在发音方面有很大的差异。
3．普通话与北京语言很相似，是从20世纪50年代末发展起来的。
4．普通话一直在发展的目的在于简化汉字。
5．世界上讲汉语的人最多，大约有十几亿
人，其中大部分在中国。
6．随着中国经济的发展和国际交流的增加，汉语越来越显现出其重要性。注意：1.书信必须包括上述所有内容，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2．信的开头和结尾已经给出。
Dear Tom，
I’m writing to tell you the ABC of the Chinese language.And I hope it will be of some help to you._______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
I hope my brief introduction may help you in learning Chinese.
Yours，
Li Hua写作要点
1．变体________________
2．在……不同________________
3．与……相似________________
4．目的，旨在________________
5．简化________________varietybe different in...be similar toaim at...simplify句式结构
1．世界上说汉语的人占大多数。
Chinese _____________________________ people in the world.
2．书面汉语大约有50000个汉字，其中大约20000为大多数人所知晓。
There are about 50,000 characters in written Chinese，about 20,000 __________ are known to most people.is spoken by the largest number ofof which 3．在发音方面主要有彼此不同的八种变体。
There are 8 main ______________ Chinese，____________________________________ in pronunciation.
4．随着中国经济的发展和国际交流的增加，汉语越来越显现出其重要性。
________________________________________________________________________，
value of the Chinese langnage is rising conslantly.varieties ofwhich are different from each other With China’s rapidly growing economy and increasing international exchanges连句成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________佳作欣赏
Dear_Tom，
I’m_writing_to_tell_you_the_ABC_of_the_Chinese_language.And_I_hope_it_will_be_of_some_help_to_you.
Chinese is one of the world’s major languages.It is spoken by the largest number of people in the world，more than 1 billion，most of whom live in the People’s Republic of China.There are about 50,000 characters in written Chinese，about 20,000 of which are known to most people.There are 8 main varieties of Chinese，which are different from each other in pronunciation.Putonghua，closely similar to the language spoken in Beijing，has been developed since the late 1950s.The development of Putonghua has aimed at simplifying Chinese，so it is getting easier and easier to speak Chinese.With China’s rapidly growing economy and increasing international exchanges，value of the Chinese language is rising constantly.
I hope my brief introduction may_help_you_in learning Chinese.
Yours，
Li Hua类文点津
本模块的写作要求是写说明文。说明文的出题形式为文字提示或图表，文体有报道、投稿、书信等。写作步骤如下：
第一步：审题，确定主题句、主体时态(一般以现在时态为主)和中心人称；第二步：在主题句后按提示顺序将各要点以完整的句子表达出来；
第三步：用过渡词将上下文的逻辑关系体现出来。
常用词汇有：(1)表示时间：now，then，afterwards，soon，five minutes later，before long，shortly after that，soon after supper，to this day，just now，just then 等。(2)表示顺序、动作的过程：first，firstly，first of all，second，secondly，at first，at last，next 等。
(3)表示转折：but，yet，and yet，however，although，otherwise，in spite of 等。
(4)表示结果：thus，therefore，so，as a result，seeing that，luckily，unfortunately 等。(5)表示强调：above all，indeed，surely，certainly，of course，after all，without any delay，at least，at most 等。
(6)表示并列：and，also，as well as，and then 等。
(7)表示递进：besides，what’s more，in addition，even，once more，what was worse 等。(8)表示解释和说明：that is to say，namely，for example，actually，and so on，such as，believe it or not，to tell you the truth，according to this，for this reason 等。
(9)表示比较、对比：just like，just as，in the same way，more or less，sooner or later，on the contrary，on the other hand 等。(10)表示总结：finally，in conclusion，in a word，in general, generally speaking，in short，as you know，in the end 等。
需要注意的是：使用上述过渡性单词或短语必须根据上下文需要，力求自然，决不可牵强附会，让人感到别扭。课时作业The ①linguists，who study linguistics，say American English has a lot ②in_common with British English.That is，the former is similar to the latter.But in fact they differ in many ways.First，they have differences in vocabulary.For example，people get around in London by ③underground，while in New York by subway.Another example is that queuing up in British English means standing in line in American English.Besides，the same word has a slightly different meaning，which can be confusing.Second，the differences between them exist in grammar and ④prepositions.Americans use in the team，while the British use on the team.Sometimes Americans omit the preposition.Third，there are also differences between the two varieties in spelling and pronunciation.Compared with British English’s spelling，American English’s spelling seems ⑤simpler.The work of Noah Webster made a
difference，leading to this variation.Noah simplified some words’ spelling and made them have a ⑥distinctive American look.He wrote a dictionary，introducing lots of new American words，pronunciation，use and new spelling.Although British ⑦criticised_ it and weren’t in favour of these changes，it rapidly became popular among Americans thanks to Noah’s attempt.The dictionary became a standard reference book in the USA.As for the ⑧accent_and pronunciation，they also have obvious differences.As a result，they have some difficulty in understanding each other.But thanks to ⑨satellite TV and the Internet，we can hear the two Englishes at the flick of a switch.Now English has been referred to as a world language.People ⑩present their opinions or plans or remark on something in English.Now there’re many Englishes in the world.语言学家，即研究语言学的人说美国英语和英国英语有很多共同特点。
也就是说，前者与后者很相似。但事实上他们在许多方面不同。首先，两者在词汇方面不同。比如，人们乘地铁(underground)在伦敦四处走动，而在纽约人们乘地铁(subway)走动。另一个例子是在英国英语里排队用queue up，而在美国英语里排队用stand in line。而且，同一个单词在意思上也有稍微不同，这可能令人感到困惑。第二，两者之间的不同还存在于语法和介词中。美国人用 in the team，而英国人用 on the team。有时候，美国人还省去介词。第三，这两个不同种类在拼写和读音上也有所不同。与英国英语拼写相比，美国英语的拼写似乎更简单。诺亚·韦伯斯特的工作产生了很大影响，导致了这种变化。诺亚简化了一些单词的拼写，使它们有明显的美国面貌。他写了一本词典，引进了很多新的美国单词、
读音、用法以及新的拼写。尽管英国人批评这本词典，不支持这些变化，多亏了诺亚的努力，它很快在美国人中流行起来。这本词典已成了美国的一本标准的参考书。至于口音和读音，这两种英语之间有明显的差异，因此他们在互相理解上有困难。但多亏了卫星电视和网络，在开关的轻弹之间，我们能听到两种英语。现在英语已被称为一种世界语言。人们用英语陈述自己的观点、计划或评论某事。现在，世界上已经有很多种英语了。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件10张PPT。教材背景链接英语真正成为英国人的语言，至今只有几百年的历史。我们所知道的英语，大约产生于公元1400年，由英国南部的盎格鲁撒克逊方言(Anglo-Saxon dialects)发展而来。Module 1 British and American EnglishPeople from Britain and Ireland first came to live in Australia in 1788.They brought many different kinds of English with them.These different kinds of English began to mix and change.The new comers soon began to speak with their own distinctive accent and vocabulary.More and more people came to Australia in the 19th and 20th centuries.Many people came looking for gold.Some came from Britain and Ireland.Others came from non-English speaking countries.Australian English continued to grow and change.
Australian English has also been influenced by American English.During the Second World War there were many American soldiers staying in Australia.American television shows and music have been popular in Australia since the 1950s.The Australian and New Zealand accents are very similar.The Australian
accent is also similar to accents from the South-east of Britain.
Australians use many words that other English speakers do not use.The famous Australian greeting，for example，is G’ day.A native forest is called the bush and central Australia is called the outback.Many words were brought to Australia from Britain and Ireland.For example，“mate” meaning “friend” which is still used in Britain.Some of these words have changed in meaning.A few words come from Australian aboriginal (土著的) languages.These are mainly names for animals，
plants and places.Two examples are “dingo” and “kangaroo”．Sometimes Australians do not know where a word comes from.For example，dinkum or fair dinkum means
“true”，“Is that true”，“This is the truth”．Some people say the word comes from Chinese while others say the word comes from England.Nobody really knows where the word is from.新课导入
英语是源于英国的语言，它不只是英国本
国的语言，也是各个英语系国家的语言。如今，英语已经变成一种世界性的语言。理所当然地，它成为了各个不同的国家和民族之间共同通用的语言及沟通的工具。有的人喜欢英式英语，觉得它文雅；有的人喜欢美式英语，觉得它时尚。不管怎么样，大家只要记住一点，无论我们更偏爱哪种英语，只要把它学好了，便可以和所有会说英语的人交流，这个是不会改变的。美国人只会美音，英国人只会英音，中国人，应该两个都学会，玩遍两个世界。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件22张PPT。Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary——Warming UpModule 2 A Job Worth Doing?Step One：Words and Phrases
Ⅰ.词汇知识
1．___________ (adj.) 令人满意的
2．__________ (adj.) 充满压力的；紧张的
3．______________ (n.) 志愿者 v．自愿satisfyingstressfulvolunteer4．___________ (vt.) 遵守；尊敬 n．尊敬
5．____________ (vt.) 指挥
6．encounter (n.& vt.)________________
7．profound (adj.)_____________________
8．qualified (adj.)_____________________respectdirect邂逅，相遇深刻的，极大的合格的；称职的Ⅱ.重点短语
1．______particular 尤其，特别
2．______ average 平均
3．come ________掉离，脱离
4．________theory 理论上；从理论上来说
5．________ practice 实际上；在实践中in on off inin6．have an effect ______对……产生影响
7．take ________从事，占据(时间、空间)；占好位置以备……
8．pass ________路过；经过；忽略
9．take..._______ granted 认为……理所当然on upbyfor?Step Two：Fast Reading
Ⅰ.Read the text and find answers to the following questions.
La Paz，in Bolivia is the highest capital in the world.For some reasons traffic accidents are frequent.But thanks to Timoteo Apaza，the death toll has fallen.To know more about the man，read the text and then find answers to the following questions.1．Why are there so many accidents on the world’s most dangerous road?
答案：_________________________________
_______________________________________.Because the condition of the road
is bad and few drivers respect the traffic rules2.Being a human traffic signal，what does he do to direct the traffic?
答案：_________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________.He stands on the bend holding a large
board to direct the traffic when two vehicles approach from the opposite directionsⅡ.Scan the text and then choose the best answers according to the text.__________
1．Which is NOT true according to the text?
A．Many roads in La Paz are in bad condition.
B．There were many accidents in La Paz before.
C．In practice，many drivers do not respect the rules.
D．In theory the road can be used by traffic all the day.D2．Which is TRUE about the particularly dangerous thing according to Passage 1?_____
A．There is one vehicle falling from the road every three weeks.
B．Most of the drivers on the road respect the rules.
C．The road going south from the capital is particularly dangerous.
D．It runs north from the capital，La Paz.D3．Why has the death toll fallen according to Passage 2?____________
A．Because Timoteo works as a traffic signal to direct the traffic for free.
B．Because more drivers start obeying the rules when seeing Timoteo work as a traffic signal.
C．Because they have made some changes to the bend to make it less dangerous.
D．Because Timoteo’s effort finally affected the drivers on the road.A4．Why does Timoteo do the job?________
A．Because he feels it his duty to help those who are facing difficulties.
B．Because he has no other skills and is not qualified to do anything else.
C．Because he is fond of being a human traffic signal.
D．Because he has to do this job as the local government requires him to.A5．We can see from the last passage that ______.
A．Timoteo has formed the habit of changing jobs frequently
B．Timoteo once narrowly escaped from death when driving a lorry load of bananas
C．Timoteo dislikes being asked to pull people out of the bus in the deep night
D．he was encouraged by the drivers and as a result he started to take up the missionB?Step Three：Careful Reading
Ⅰ.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions.
1．What do drivers do when they pass by him?
答案：_________________________________
_______________________________________.Some drivers give him a tip，
but most of them take it for granted2．Why does he choose this job?
答案：________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Because he encountered with death once and he realized that he was lucky to survive.He felt that it was his mission in life to help othersⅡ.Read the text and fill in the blanks.dangeroussurvivetheoryrespectsignalbendvolunteerencountercalled outeffect?Step Four：Consolidation
At high altitude，roads can be in bad condition and 1._____________ in big mountains.Let me tell you something about one road in La Paz，which is at 3,500 meters in Bolivia.The most dangerous thing is that there is a bend where two vehicles from 2.________________ directions can’t see each other.dangerous oppositeBut 3.__________ to Timoteo，the death toll has 4.__________.Every morning，he climbs up to the bend 5.________ a large board，which is red on one side and green on the 6._________.When vehicles come，he shows the drivers the board.thanksfallenwithotherHow much money does he receive from doing it？Nearly nothing.Actually，he is a 7.____________.Only a few drivers give him tips，which helps him to live on.Most of them just 8._________ by，taking the human traffic signal for 9.___________.But he thinks it is his 10.__________________ to help others.volunteerpassgrantedmission/duty?Step Five：Discussion
What do you think of Timoteo Apaza? What would you do if you were in such a situation?
cue words：kind，warm-hearted，respect，follow
答案：__________________________________
________________________________________.He is a kind man worthy of respect and
I will follow his example in such a situation本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件80张PPT。Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary－Language StudyModule 2 A Job Worth Doing1This person has offered to do a job—and may not be paid for doing it.
这个人主动提出要做这份工作——而且有可能不要报酬。[品味经典]
①He offered to lend me some books.
他表示要借给我几本书。
②The company has offered a high salary.
公司已提出高薪诚聘。
③We offered him the house for ￡ 35,000.
这所房子我们向他索价35000英镑。
④He offered us ￡30,000 for the house.
他给我们出价30000英镑买这所房子。[自我探究]
本句中offer 是动词，意为“(主动)______”，后跟_____________________作宾语。还有“___________________”的意思。表“出价”时，”构成短语 offer sb.sth.for money 表示“___________”；offer sb.money for sth.表示“_____________”。提出不定式 to do提供；报价卖……买……[归纳拓展]
offer 也可以作名词，表示“提供，提议；出价”的意思。
⑤Thank you for your kind offer of help.
感谢你想给予帮助的好意。
⑥—If you like，I can do some shopping for you.
—That’s a very kind offer.
“你如果乐意，我可以帮你购物。”
“有你的帮助真是太好了。”[易混辨析]
supply，provide，offer
(1)supply 通常指定期供应，着重表示替换不足或所需之物以及弥补缺陷，满足要求。还可作名词，意为“供给(量)，物资，存货”。固定搭配有：supply sth.to/for sb.，supply sb.with sth.。(2)provide “供给，提供”，强调有预见性，并通过储存或准备的方式为某事做准备，以在需要时提供所需物品。固定搭配有provide sth.for sb.，provide sb.with sth.。
(3)offer “提出，提供”，表示向别人提供可接受也可拒绝的某物，如帮助、服务或物
品，这可能是对方要求也可能是自己主动提出的。固定搭配有offer sb.sth.，offer sth.to sb.，offer to do sth.。[牛刀小试]
用provide，supply，offer的适当形式填空
(1)An international cooperation ____________him a well?paid job，which he refused politely，since taking it would involve traveling abroad most of the time.offered(2)The government has ____________food and shelters for those who are suffering from the earthquake.
(3)In Britain，milk is ______________to each house in bottles every day.suppliedprovided2One road in particular，which goes north from La Paz，is considered the most dangerous road in the world.
尤其是从拉巴斯通往北边的一条路被认为是世界上最危险的路。[品味经典]
①The whole meal was good especially the wine in particular was excellent.整顿饭都很
好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。
②—Is there anything in particular you’d like for dinner?
—No，nothing in particular.
“正餐你们有什么特别喜欢的菜吗？”“没有，什么都行。”[自我探究]
介词短语in particular 的意思为“____________”，相当于particularly，但是_______________除了可以修饰整个句子外，还可以置于_________之后。尤其，特别in particular名词[归纳拓展]
be particular about/over讲究
③She is particular about what she eats.她过分讲究吃。[牛刀小试]
The athlete showed his thanks to many
people，to his parents ______ after winning the match.
A．in a word
B．in particular
C．in return
D．in general解析：选B。考查介词短语。句意：这位运动员在获胜之后，向许多人表示感谢，特别是他的父母。in particular相当于particularly。3Although there is not a lot of traffic，on average，one vehicle comes off the road every two weeks.
尽管交通量不大，但平均每两个星期就有一辆车驶出公路。[品味经典]
①On average，how many students are there in a class in the UK？在英国平均一个班有多少学生？
②I spend two hours reading English every day on average.
我平均每天花两个小时读英语。[自我探究]
on average 为介词短语，意为“________”。average 前也可使用______或_______。平均anthe[归纳拓展]
above the average 在一般水平以上；中上；在平均数以上
below the average 在一般水平以下；中下；在平均数以下
an average of...平均……③The temperature has been above the average recently.
近来气温一直比平均温度高。
④An average of three students are absent every day.
平均每天有三个学生旷课。[牛刀小试]
—You must get a high income by doing that kind of job.
—Oh，my income’s rather variable，but I earn 100 yuan a day ________.
A．on average
B．in general
C．in total
D．on the whole解析：选A。variable “可变的，不定的”，后句句意为：哦，我的收入相当不稳定，但是我平均每天挣100元。4In theory，the road can only be used by traffic going uphill from 8 in the morning，and by traffic coming downhill from 3 in the afternoon.
按道理，这条路上只允许早晨8点以后车辆向山上行驶及下午3点以后车辆向山下行驶。[品味经典]
①In theory，everyone is equal according to law；but it’s not in practice.
理论上，依照法律人人平等，但事实上并非如此。
②In theory，these machines should last for ten years or more.
从理论上讲，这些机器应该能用十年甚至更长。[自我探究]
介词短语 in theory，意思为“________”，用作状语，反义词为______________，注意，名词前不使用____________。理论上in practice冠词[归纳拓展]
in practice实际上；在实践中
out of practice生疏的，荒废的
put in/into practice实行，实施③Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
④He has long been out of practice on the piano.
他已经很久没有练习弹钢琴了。
⑤In practice women receive much lower wages than their male colleagues.
实际上妇女所得的工资比她们的男同事低得多。
⑥It is said that a new policy is being put into practice in your foreign trade.
据说你们正在实施一种新的对外贸易政策。[牛刀小试]
The idea seems good __________，but some people doubt if it’ll work __________.
A．in theory；in practice
B．in theory；in theory
C．in practice；in theory
D．in practice；in practice解析：选A。根据句子意思得出答案。句意：这个主意在理论上似乎很好，但是有些人怀疑它是不是行之有效。5But in practice，few drivers respect the rules.
但实际上几乎没有司机遵守这些规则。[品味经典]
①If you don’t respect yourself，how can you expect others to respect you?
自己不自重，又怎能受到别人尊敬呢？
②I respect you for your honesty.
由于你为人正直，我对你十分敬重。
③We must respect the laws of a country we are in.
我们必须遵守所在国家的法律。[自我探究]
本句中 respect 为及物动词；
表示“__________________”的意思，
另外，还可表示“___________”。遵守(交通规则)尊敬[归纳拓展] respect 还可用作名词，表示“尊重，尊敬”的意思。
give one’s respects to 向……致敬
show/have respect for 尊敬；尊重
with respect to 关于
with respect 尊重地
out of respect 出于尊重④Children should show respect for their teachers.
学生要尊敬老师。
⑤Old people deserve to be treated with respect.
老年人理应得到尊重。
⑥Out of respect，he took off his hat.他脱帽以示敬意。[单词团团转]
在空格中填入适当的词
(respect，respectable，respected，respectful)
Youngsters are to be taught to have (1)________ for social moral standards.In China the traditional belief is that youth should be (2)________ to elders.Not only important people but also ordinary people are to be (3)________ as long as they accomplish (4)___________ deeds.respectrespectfulrespectedrespectable解析：(1)短语have/show respect for (2)respectful 充满敬意的 (3)respected受到尊敬的 (4)respectable可敬的6Timoteo stands on the bend and directs the traffic.
铁穆特欧站在拐弯处指挥着交通。[品味经典]
①Chaplin directed many films in his life.
卓别林一生导演了许多电影。
②Can you direct me to the railway station?
你能指给我去火车站的路吗？
③May I ask you a direct question?
我能直截了当地向你提个问题吗？④He is very direct，so you always know what his real views are.他为人很直率，所以总能知道他的真实想法。[自我探究]
direct 在本句中是动词，
意为“_____________________”。还可以用作形容词，意为“___________________”。指挥；指导；指引直接的，坦白的[归纳拓展]
directly adv.直达地；直接地 conj.立即 (＝ as soon as)
director n.指导者；导演；董事
directory n.姓名住址簿,direction n.方向⑤Please answer my questions directly.
请直接回答我的问题。
⑥Please telephone me directly you get to Beijing.
请你一到北京就给我打电话。
⑦On hearing the sound，the birds flew away in every direction.听到声音，鸟向四面八方飞去。[牛刀小试]
The flight doesn’t fly ________ to Rome; it goes by way of Paris.
A．direct
B．directly
C．direction
D．directed解析：选A。句意：这个航班不直飞罗马，它要绕道巴黎。direct用作副词，意思为“径直地，直接地”。而directly用作副词，也表示“直接地”，多用作比喻用法。7But often they just pass by，taking the human traffic signal for granted.
但经常他们只是从他身边驶过，把人体交通标志看作理所当然的事情。[品味经典]
①He never praises his wife；he just takes her for granted.
他从不夸妻子，只觉得她一切理所当然。
②Don’t take anything for granted.凡事不要想当然。
③I take it for granted that you have read this book.
我认为你一定读过这本书。[自我探究]
take...for granted 的意思为“认为……理所当然；认为某事属实”。如果跟宾语从句，则用_____作形式宾语，把实际宾语放在后面。it[归纳拓展]
take it easy别着急，放松
take...seriously认真对待
take one’s time慢慢来，别着急④Take it easy.We’ll take care of everything.
别着急。一切由我们照料。
⑤It’s an important decision for you，so take your time to think it over.
对你来说，这是一个重要的决定，仔细考虑一下吧。
⑥You can’t take her promise seriously; she never keeps her word.
她答应的事你可别当真；她说话从来不算数。[牛刀小试]
Don’t take ________for granted ________everyone should adore you.
A．that；what
B．that；which
C．it；what
D．it；that解析：选D。it 作形式宾语，代替that 引导的宾语从句。句意为“不要想当然地认为人人都该崇拜你”。8This last experience had a profound effect on Timoteo.
那次经历给铁穆特欧留下了极其深刻的印象。
[品味经典]
①Smoking can have a bad effect on your body.
吸烟会对你的身体产生很坏的影响。
②Punishment had very little effect on him.
惩罚对他不起作用。[自我探究]
have an effect on/upon sb./sth.的意思为“
_______________________________”；have no (little/some/much/a bad )effect 的意思为：“___________________________________
___________________________________”。对……产生作用或影响无效；没有影响(几乎没有影响/有些影响/影响很大/有不良影响)[归纳拓展]
be of no effect to...对……无效
take effect生效，起作用
bring/put/carry...into effect使生效，实行
come into effect 生效；实行；实施
cause and effect 因果,affect v.影响③The new system will soon be brought into effect.
新系统即将启用。
④When will the new law take effect?
这项法律何时生效？
⑤This medicine is of no effect to her.
这种药对她不起作用。
⑥The games don’t have an effect on me but affect him a great deal.
这些游戏对我没有影响，但是对他影响很大。[单词团团转]
同义词归纳：
对……产生影响
have effect on/upon sb./sth.
have an influence on
have an impact on
affect9And so every morning，week in，week out，from dawn to dusk，Timoteo takes up his place on the bend and directs the traffic.
于是每天早晨，铁穆特欧都来到路的拐弯处站好自己的位置，开始指挥来往的车辆，从拂晓到黄昏，一周又一周。[品味经典]
①The boys took up their places before the game began.
游戏开始之前，孩子们站好了位置。
②The chairman took up and began his speech.
主席就座并开始讲话。[自我探究]
在本句中，take up 的意思为
“__________________________”。在下列句子中，take up 有更多的意思。
(1)Playing football takes up all my time.
____________________站好(位置以备……)占用(时间、空间)(2)He took up a pen and wrote down his name.
___________
(3)She has taken up a job as a teacher.
________
(4)He took up the story where Tim had left off.
_______拿起从事接着[牛刀小试]
(1)After he retired from office，Rogers________ painting for a while，but soon lost interest.
A．took up
B．saved up
C．kept up
D．drew up解析：选A。考查动词短语在语境中的应用。由retired一词知，退休后开始从事绘画，而不是keep up(维持，继续)，同时save up(储蓄金钱)，draw up(拟定，起草)均不合题意。(2)(2011年河南省实验中学高二质检)To keep healthy，Professor Johnson ________cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired.
A．took up
B．caught on
C．carried out
D．made for解析：选A。此处用take up 表示“开始从
事”的意思。句意为“为保持身体健康，约翰逊教授退休后开始将骑自行车当作经常的锻炼形式。”10Every morning he climbs up to the bend with a large circular board in his hand.
每天早晨，他手里都拿着一个大圆板爬上弯道。[品味经典]
①He sat in the chair，with a glass of beer in his hand.
他坐在椅子上，手里端着一杯啤酒。
②He likes sleeping with the windows open/ closed.
他喜欢开着(关着)窗子睡觉。
③He lay on the ground，with both of his hands tied.
他躺在地上，双手被捆着。④We could see nothing in the dark with all the lights off.所有的灯都灭了，黑暗中我们什么都看不见。
⑤With only two days to go we can’t afford to relax.
只有两天时间了，我们可不能松懈。
⑥People can’t afford to buy expensive things with the prices of daily goods going up.
随着日用品价格的上涨，人们无法买得起贵重物品。[自我探究]
此句中的with a large circular board in his hand 是with 复合结构的一种形式：
with＋_______＋____________，在句中作状语，表状态。除介词短语作宾补外，还可以用__________，_______，______________，____________，_________________。宾语介词短语形容词副词过去分词v.-ing 形式动词不定式对非谓语动词形式的选择要注意把握宾语与动词之间的关系，主动可采用不定式或现在分词，表将要发生时用不定式，表正在发生的动作时采用现在分词；被动可采用过去分词的形式。[语法一条线]
John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work (1)________(finish)，he gladly accepted it.With his wife (2)________________(acompany)，he was well dressed.acompanyingfinished解析：考查with复合结构在句中充当状语。Work和finish之间为被动关系，
故用finished；wife和 acompany之间为主动关系，用acompanying。11He was driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred metres down the mountain.
当他正开着装满香蕉的卡车要驶过一个弯道的时候，他连人带车翻到了300 多米深的山崖下。[品味经典]
①We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out.我们正在看电视，突然灯灭了。
②I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door.
我刚想出去，这时有人在敲门。
③I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.
我正想着这件事时，突然听到有人叫我的名字。④They had just arrived home when it began to rain.
他们刚到家，天就开始下雨了。
⑤She was on the point of leaving when I arrived.
她正要离开，这时我来了。[自我探究]
本句中的when为并列连词，
表示________________的意思，
相当于_______________________。
be doing...when...的意思为“正在……这时……”。其它类似的句式结构还有：“就在那时”and at that timebe about to do sth.when...＝be on the point of doing sth.
when...“_____________________”；
had done sth.when...
“________________________”。
刚要做某事这时……刚干完某事这时……[语法一条线]
I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel (1)____________ I heard the steps.(2)______________(frighten) by a coming figure ，I rushed back into the bathroom.Feeling a long time had passed，I opened (3)___________ door to the bathroom.whenFrightenedthe解析：(1)when为并列连词，表示“就在那
时”的意思；(2)frighten和主语I之间为被动关系，故用 Frightened。(3)特指the bathroom的“门”。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件66张PPT。Section Ⅲ Listening and Speaking，Everyday English
and Function & Cultural CornerModule 2 A Job Worth Doing1How much does a cook earn in your country?
在你们国家一个厨师能挣多少钱？[品味经典]
①Everyone who can earn no less than ￡1,000,000 a year is named moneybags.
我们把一年赚不少于一百万英镑的人叫做富翁。
②They put all the money earned into a big case.
他们把所有挣来的钱都装进一只大箱子里。③She is young，but she earns a good salary.
她很年轻，但挣的工资很高。
④She earned her living by singing in a nightclub.
她靠在夜总会唱歌谋生。[自我探究]
earn 是及物动词，在本句中的意思是
“_________________”。挣得，赚得[归纳拓展]
earn one’s living＝make a living 谋生
earn one’s own living 自食其力
earn money＝make money挣钱
earn 还有“博得，赢得”的意思。⑤His courage earned him the admiration of his comrades.
他的勇气博得了同志们的赞扬。
⑥As a teacher，she had earned the respect and admiration of her students.
作为老师，她赢得了学生的尊重和敬仰。[易混辨析]
gain，win，earn
(1)gain：得到，强调结果，并不在意是否应得，或是否付出努力。
(2)win：赢得，强调在竞争中、比赛中获胜得到某物，并不在意所得之物是否应得。
(3)earn：赚得，强调在工作或竞争中付出努力赚得，所得之物是应得的报酬。[牛刀小试]
用earn，gain，win 填空
(1)He _____________ his living by teaching at a language school.
(2)He _____________ experience while working for the newspaper.
(3)He _______________ 150,000 yuan in the competition.earnsgainedwon单项填空
(4)Tom put his heart into the wildlife
research，and finally，his efforts________him a great success and fame.
A．saved
B．earned
C．made
D．offered解析：选B。earn在此表示“赢得，博得”的意思。语境为“他的努力使他赢得了成功和声誉”。2Now think of some more questions to ask people applying for these jobs.
现在再想一些问题问那些申请这些工作的人们。[品味经典]
①I applied to four universities and was accepted by all of them.
我申请了4 所大学，全被录取了我。
②Tom applied for the post of Jack’s secretary.
汤姆申请杰克的秘书一职。
③You should apply immediately，in person or by letter.
你应该立即申请，亲自去也好，写信也好。[自我探究]
apply是_________动词，意为“________”。表示“申请……”用______________，表示“向……申请”用_____________。不及物申请apply forapply to[归纳拓展] apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力做……
apply sth.to sth.把……应用于……
be applied to...适用于，应用于……
applied adj.应用的，实用的
application n.请求，申请，应用④He would do well if only he applied himself to the work.
只要专心致志，他会把工作做得很好的。
⑤Scientific discoveries are often applied to industrial processes.
科学上的发现经常被应用到工业生产过程中。⑥He received a letter saying that his application had been rejected.他收到一封信，说他的申请被拒绝了。
⑦Since the 1970s many new applications have been found.
从二十世纪七十年代起，很多新的用途已经被开发出来。[牛刀小试]
完成句子
(1)我们应学会把理论应用于实践。
We should learn how to ________a theory ________practice.applyto(2)学生们应专心致志地学习。
Students should
________________________their study.
(3)考虑几天之后，我决定申请这份工作。
After considering for several days，I decided to ________________the job.apply themselves to apply for3SALES STAFF required in well?known clothes shop.
著名服装店需要销售人员。[品味经典]
①The plan requires careful thought.
这项计划需要仔细考虑。
②The machine doesn’t work well；it requires to be repaired/ repairing.这台机器运转不好，需要修一下。③All students are required to take this examination.
要求所有的学生都参加这次考试。
④He required that we (should) work all night.
＝He required us to work all night.他要求我们干通宵。[自我探究]
(1)如果要表示“某物需要……”，用require _________或require _____________。
(2)require 后接宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，形式是：____________________，should 可以省略。doing to be doneshould＋动词原形[归纳拓展]
requirement n.需要；要求；必需品,
meet/refuse one’s requirements 满足(拒绝)某人的要求⑤The requirement is that students not be absent from classes.这项要求是学生们不要旷课。
⑥Food is a requirement of life.食物是一项生活必需品。[单词团团转]
用require适当形式填空：
(1)The strong boy ________ that all the others let out their e?mail accounts.
(2)The strong boy had the ______________ that all the others let out their e-mail accounts.
(3)The strong boy’s __________ was that all the others let out their e-mail accounts.requiredrequirementrequirement解析：(1)作谓语，用动词形式required；(2)宾语，须用名词形式。(3)主语，须用名词形式。4I am writing in response to your advertisement for a temporary position as a waiter.
我写信是回应您招聘临时服务员的广告。[品味经典]
①My mother opened the door in response to the knock.
听到敲门声，妈妈打开了门。
②In response to my question，she just nodded.
作为对我问题的回应，她只是点了点头。
③The product was developed in response to customer demand.为了满足顾客要求，开发了这个产品。[自我探究]
in response to 表示“作为……的回应；
回答”，在句中常作状语，其中to 为介词。同义词为in __________to。answer[归纳拓展] make a response to对……作出反应
make no response to对……没有反应
respond v.回应；回答
respond to回答；回应④He made no response to my question.
他对我的问题不予回答。
⑤They eagerly respond to the Party’s call to work in the west.他们积极响应党的号召到西部去工作。[牛刀小试]
The law was passed ________ public pressure.
A．answer to
B．as reply to
C．in response to
D．in reply解析：选C。句意：在公众压力下，该法规获得通过。in response to“作为……的回应”。5I would be very grateful if you could send me more information about the post(s) available.
如果您能寄给我一些关于所提供的职位的信息的话，我会很感激。[品味经典]
①Excuse me，are there any computers available for Internet?
对不起，这儿有电脑上网吗？
②TV sets are available in any department store.
电视机在任何一家百货公司里都能买到。[自我探究]
available 是__________________，
意为“_________________________”。available 作定语时，只能作后置定语，放在名词的__________。形容词可获得的；可利用的后面[牛刀小试]
There are plenty of jobs ________in the western part of the country.
A．present
B．available
C．precious
D．convenient
解析：选B。句意为“在这个国家的西部地区有足够的工作可做。”6But there will also be a rise in the demand for health care professionals.
而且对于健康保健专家的需求也在增长。[品味经典]
①It is impossible to satisfy all your demands.
满足你所有的要求是不可能的。
②Good secretaries are always in demand.
好的秘书总是很多人都需要的。③This sort of work demands great patience.
这种工作需要极大耐性。
④He demands that he (should) be told/demands to be told everything.他要求将一切都告诉他。[自我探究]
demand 可作__________和_____________，常用短语有：有让某人做某事的要求
________________________________，要求某事/某人_______________________，in (great) demand 表示“____________________”，meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求。可数名词不可数名词there are demands for sb.to do sth.demand for sth./sb.( 非常/很)受欢迎demand 作动词时的固定用法有：
demand＋__________________，demand＋
_____________，demand＋________________ (谓语动词用虚拟语气：(should)＋do sth.)。名词/代词to do sth.that 从句7But many youngsters will need professional care，too；14 million Americans suffer from speech or language problems，and six million of them are under the age of 18.
但是许多年轻人也需要专业看护。有1400万美国人深受发音和语言问题的困扰，其中有600万在18岁以下。[品味经典]
①Her business suffered when she was ill.
她患病时，生意受到了影响。
②He suffered a lot during the war.
战争中他受了很多苦。
③The old man’s legs were badly hurt and he suffered great pain.
这位老人的双腿受了重伤，非常疼痛。④The company suffered huge losses at first.
这家公司在一开始出现巨额亏损。
⑤The old man is suffering from a bad cold.
这个老人患了重感冒。
⑥Most of the important cities of the world suffer from traffic jam.世界上大多数城市都遭受着交通堵塞。[自我探究]
suffer 可用作______动词和_________动词。作不及物动词时，后面常跟介词_________，表示“患某种疾病；有……的困难”。作及物动词时，表示“遭受(痛苦，损失)；忍受(侮辱)”，常跟名词loss，pain，punishment，defeat，hardship，hunger，poverty 作宾语。及物不及物from[牛刀小试]
________ from the cold for three days，the man decided to see a doctor.
A．Suffered
B．Suffering
C．Being suffered
D．Having suffered解析：选D。句意为“感冒了三天以后，他决定去看医生。”the man 是suffer的逻辑主
语，且suffer 的动作发生在decided 之前。8Of course there will be plenty of other new jobs，some_of_which we probably can’t even guess.
当然将会有大量的其它的新工作，并且其中一些可能是我们所猜想不到的。[品味经典]
①I have many friends，some of whom are businessmen.
比较：I have many friends and some of them are businessmen.我有许多朋友，其中一些是商人。
②There are forty students in our class in all，most of whom are from big cities.
我们班有四十名学生，大多数来自大城市。③There are two buildings，the larger of which stands nearly a hundred feet high.
有两座大楼，其中那个较大的接近一百英尺高。
④The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80% of which are sold abroad.
这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋，百分之八十销往国外。⑤I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school，most of whom were from Germany.
他们告诉我这所学校里有50名外国学生学习汉语，大多数来自德国。[自我探究]
本句中some of which引导的是____________定语从句，是介词＋________________结构，表示“人”，关系代词用__________，表示“物”，关系代词用__________。在这种情况下，不能使用___________代词。非限制性“关系代词”whomwhich人称[语法一条线]
So large is the school campus，in front of (1)______________ is a road leading to the highway.And it is reported that the school will take in 1,000 new students，some of (2)____________ are from others towns.Many students are looking forward to studying in the school (3)_______________ teaching staff are known for responsible education.whichwhomwhose解析：(1)考查非限制性定语从句，因为介词前置，表示事物，故用 which；(2)考查非限制性定语从句，因为介词前置，表示人，用whom；(3)在从句中作定语，所以用whose。9For people doing this job，common sense，physical fitness and an outgoing personality are likely to be more important than computer skills.
对做这种工作的人来说，常识、身体健康和外向的性格可能比电脑技术更重要。[品味经典]
①He is likely to come this afternoon.
今天下午他可能要来。
②The headmaster is not likely to come to the meeting.
校长很可能不来开会了。
③Something is likely to happen at anytime.
随时都有可能发生什么事情。[自我探究]
句型结构be likely to do sth.
表示“________________”，其主语通常是“_____”。也可以改为________________从句结构。在这个从句结构中likely 可换成_____________ 或______________。可能做某事人It is likely that ...possibleprobable④It is possible that we finish the task before 5 o’clock.
我们5点钟之前完成这项任务是有可能的。
⑤It is probable that he will come.他很可能来。
⑥It is likely that he will come.他可能来。[牛刀小试]
(1)He’s not got another job yet and it’s not ______ he will for some time.
A．likely
B．easily
C．nearly
D．lonely解析：选A。从句子的意思可以看出，此处用likely，构成句型结构It’s likely that...，表示“好像……”的意思。(2)It’s already 9 o’clock and Mother ______ come here any moment.
A．probably
B．is possible to
C．is likely to
D．is probably to解析：选C。 be likely to do sth.意为“很可能做某事”，主语可以是人，也可以是物，而possible，probable主语不能是人，但可以说It is possible/ probable that Mother comes here any moment.。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件64张PPT。Section Ⅳ Grammar & WritingModule 2 A Job Worth Doing[品味经典]
1．I got up early，washed my face，had a quick breakfast and hurried to school.
2．He was watching TV at home from 3∶00 to 5∶00 yesterday afternoon.
3．He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office.[自我探究]
这三句都使用了过去的时态。
第1句是__________，表示“____________”动作；第2句是______________，表示“
______________________________________”；第3句是_____________时，表示在
“________________________________”。一般过去时发生在过去的过去进行时在过去某一时刻或某段时间正在发生的动作过去完成过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作一、一般过去时
1．表示在确定的过去时间内发生的动作或状态。
Did you watch the football match broadcast on TV yesterday evening？你昨晚观看电视转播的足球赛了吗？2．表示过去经常发生的动作或习惯性动作。
I always got up too late，and never had enough time for breakfast.
我总是起床很晚，从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。
【温馨提示】 这种情况也可用 used to 和 would 表示。3．描述几个相继发生的过去动作。
The students got up early in the morning，did morning exercises and then read English aloud in the open air.
学生们起床很早，做早操，然后在室外朗读英语。4．有时动词的一般过去时形式上为过去，而实际上却指现在，即“原来想的”与现在的实际情况不相符。
I thought you were out.我原以为你出去了。
I didn’t know you were here.我不知道你在这里。
5．since 从句一般用过去时。
She has been living a hard life since her husband died.
自从丈夫死后，她一直过着艰苦的生活。二、过去进行时
1．表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
This time yesterday we were having an English lesson.
昨天这个时候，我们正在上英语课。
2．表示过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。
Shirley was reading a book last night but I don’t know whether she has finished it.
雪莉昨晚一直在看一本书，不过我不知道她现在看没看完。3．表示从过去某一时间的角度看将要发生的动作，仅用于 come，go，start，leave，
stay，arrive 等动词。
He told me he was leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
他告诉我他明天将要去上海。4．表示礼貌，并不表示过去的时间，而表达现在的客气或礼貌。
I was wondering if you could help me look up the word “erg”．不知你能否帮我查一下 “erg” 这个单词。三、过去完成时
1．表示在过去某一具体时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，常用 by，before 等介词短语或状语从句表示。
I had learned maths all by myself by the age of fourteen.
我14岁时就已自学完了数学。2．表示过去某一时间以前的经历，常与 for，since 引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。
John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage.
约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
3．某些动词如 hope，plan，think，want，mean，intend 等的过去完成时表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图和想法。I had intended to call on you，but I was prevented from doing so.我本打算去看你的，但没能去成。
四、一般过去时与过去进行时的区别
一般过去时侧重说明发生某动作的事实，表示动作已完成；过去进行时侧重强调某动作的持续过程或动作持续的长度，表示动作未完成。I sometimes walked to the office to avoid the heavy traffic.为避开交通拥堵，我过去有时步行去上班。
He was working from 4 o’clock until supper time.
他从4点一直工作到晚饭时间。Ⅰ.用动词的适当时态填空
1．—Your phone number again？I____________(not catch)it.
—It’s 69568122.
2．The students ____________(write) busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ____________(leave) in the office.didn’t catchwere writinghad left3．As she ______________ (read) the newspaper，Granny ____________ (fall) asleep.
4．He kept looking at her，wondering whether he____________(see)her somewhere.was readingfellhad seen5．—Professor Liu in our school has become one of the top experts in this field.
—Yes，I know him very well.He once ____________(work) in Africa with wild animals.worked6．—How did you damage your car so badly?
—I ____________(run) into a tree yesterday.
—I suppose you ____________(drive) too fast.ranwere drivingⅡ.单项填空
1．—You speak very good French!
—Thanks.I ________French in Sichuan University for four years.
A．studied
B．study
C．was studying
D．had studied解析：选A。考查时态。句中我在四川大学学过4年法语是指过去发生过的事情，所以谓语动词用过去式，该题由于有for four years 造成一部分学生作出错误的选择，而选择D项。2．Edward，you play so well.But I ________you played the piano.
A．didn’t know
B．hadn’t known
C．don’t know
D．haven’t known解析：选A。句意为：爱德华，你弹得好。但我(以前)不知道你弹钢琴。所谈论的是过去的行为，故用过去式。3．We got to the station at 8∶00，but the train________at 7∶30.
A．left
B．had left
C．was leaving
D．has left
解析：选A。有具体的过去时间at 7∶30，应用一般过去时态。
4．(2011年南通第一中学质检)John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather ________ with them to school.
A．took
B．had taken
C．were taking
D．would take解析：选B。题干中的suitcase 是指“约翰的父亲和祖父”曾经带去上学的箱子，由此可知此处需用过去完成时。5．—Hi，if you can’t enjoy that at a sensible volume，please use the earphone.I’m sleeping.
—I’m sorry.I ________ realize it ________ you.
A．don’t；bothers
B．didn’t；bothering
C．don’t；was bothering
D．didn’t；was bothering
解析：选D。表示过去一直打扰着别人，故选D项。6．I don’t believe you’ve already finished reading the book—I ________ it to you this morning!
A．would lend
B．was lending
C．had lent
D．lent解析：选D。句意：不相信你已经读完了那本书——今天早晨我才借给你的。根据句中明确的时间状语 this morning 判断用一般过去时。7．The telephone ________，but by the time I got indoors，it stopped.
A．had rung
B．was ringing
C．rings
D．has rung解析：选B。句意：电话一直在响，但是我进去以后，它却停了。表示我进入房间之前的时间里电话一直在响，所以用过去进行时。8．—Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?
—Yes，I did.You know，my brother ________ in the match.
A．is playing
B．was playing
C．has played
D．had played解析：选B。句意：——你看昨天那场篮球赛了吗？——是的，看了。你知道的，我弟弟也参加了比赛。比赛中“我弟弟在打篮球”是过去某一时间正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。9．We first met on a train in 2000.We both felt immediately that we ________ each other for years.
A．knew
B．have known
C．had known
D．know解析：选C。句意：2000年在火车上我们初次见面。那一刻我们都感到彼此已认识多年。根据句意，从句动作 know 发生谓语动作在之前，故用过去完成时。10．(2011年安徽安庆一中高二测试)—Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?
—Yes，he did.He ________ his old friends for a long time.
A．didn’t see
B．wouldn’t see
C．hasn’t seen
D．hadn’t seen解析：选D。句意：——艾伦昨天和老朋友们玩得高兴吗？——是的，很高兴。他已经很久没有见到他的老朋友了。由时间状语 for a long time 知应用完成时，而“很久没有见到朋友”又是昨天之前的事，故用过去完成时。写作要求
假设你是李华，现就读于美国的一所中学。因为课余时间比较充裕，你想找份兼职工
作让自己的课外生活充实起来，并赚点生活费。下面的一则招聘广告引起了你的关注。正好你曾有过帮人搬家的经验，并且有驾驶执照，满足招聘的要求。现在请你写一封应聘信，并询问具体的报酬。Part?time High School Student Helper Needed Immediately
We are to move sometime in the next several months.We have lots of stuff and need a helper to work part?time at our home after school，maybe on weekends.
You are expected to pack boxes，run_errands(跑腿)，move furniture，place advertisements，and take boxes to the post office.As we sell guitars online，students with the following skills are preferred：
Computer skills.
Home repair skills.
We would PREFER a local high school student living near US Smith Street.
You will be paid in cash at the end of every week.Please send your application letter to job?332495662@craigslist.org.写作要点
1．申请这份工作________________
2．在美国史密斯街附近的一所高中上学
________________________________________
3．能帮忙搬家具
________________________________________apply for the jobstudy in a high school near US Smith Streetcan help move furniture4．擅长电脑 __________________________________
5．急需这份工作________________________________be good at/be proficient in the computerbe eager for the job句式结构
1．我是这份工作的合格人选。
I’m ________________________ this job.
2．我能为你跑腿感到高兴。
I’m glad to ________________ for you.the right person forrun errands3．我写信应聘你在网上招聘的那份工作。
I’m writing ________________________________.
4．我一直想找份兼职工作让自己的课外生活充实起来，并赚点生活费。
_________________________ a part?time job________________________ and keep me busy after school.to apply for the job you posted onlineI have been looking forto earn some pocket money 连句成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________佳作欣赏
Dear Sir or Madam，
I’m writing to apply for the job you posted online.
I’m Li Hua from China.Now I’m studying in a high school near US Smith Street.I have been looking for a part?time job to earn some pocket money and keep me busy after school.I’m the right person for this job.First，I have experience in helping move furniture and repair facility.Second，
I’m strong and careful，I’m glad to run errands for you.Third，I am proficient in the computer.Fourth，I’m a good driver as well.I’m eager for this job.Will you please reply and tell me the exact pay you may offer?
Your early reply is appreciated.
Yours，
Li Hua类文点津
求职信是日常生活中较为常用的一种应用文体，在写作时应注意以下几点：
1．介绍消息来源，表明求职心愿。为使求职信不显得突然、意外，应恰当介绍消息来
源，表明求职心愿。2．及时摆出个人优势，介绍个人简历，以证明自己有足够的能力获得所求工作。
3．提出获职打算，以进一步奠定自己的优
势，此时可用“If I am accepted，I’ll work hard.”等句式。请求对方答复，并提供自己的联系方式。4．表明感激之情。无论你的请求是否能够得到满意的答复，你给用人单位写信就是给对方添了麻烦，因此你应向对方表明感激之
情。常用句子有：Thank you for your consideration.或 I am looking forward to your meeting.课时作业As a ①youngster，what sort of job will you do when you choose a post？A traditional one or a new?growing one？An accountant，an electrician or a ②biochemist，a bioinformatician？I think every individual has his own choice.Someone chooses to be a ③volunteer，who offers to do a job to help others without salary.My neighbour，Mr.Lee，is one of the volunteers.Mr.Lee used to be a barber and had a ④satisfying job.But three years ago，he suffered from a terrible accident at a crossroads near his home because a truck driver didn’t respect the traffic rules.The crossroads is very busy，⑤in_particular at rush hours.Mr.Lee had a close encounter with death and the accident had a profound effect on him.Thanks to his ⑥outgoing_personality，he didn’t lose heart.He felt it was his mission to make people obey the traffic rules.After recovery，Mr.Lee applied for a post as a crossing policeman and got refused，because he wasn’t qualified for the job.But he was allowed to be a ⑦temporary rather than permanent worker.Mr.Lee signed a contract，but now doesn’t earn much.Mr.Lee realizes that it’s essential for everyone to respect the traffic rules.Every day，Mr.Lee takes up his place in the street directing the traffic.Some people who ⑧pass_by take notice of him and feel very strange，but with time going by，they take it for granted that Mr.Lee does this.Sometimes，he helps the elderly or kids cross the street and they are ⑨grateful to him.He also requires everyone to obey the traffic rules.In response to his work，people who often pass by the crossroads never break the rules.⑩In_practice，the toll here has dropped to zero.作为一名年轻人，当你选择职位时，你将做哪种工作呢？
是传统的，还是新兴的职业？是当一名会计师、电工，还是一名生物化学家或生物信息学者？我想每个人都有自己的选择。有的人会选择当一名志愿者，即不要薪水主动帮助别人的人。我的邻居，李先生就是这样的一个人。李先生原来是一名理发师，有着一份令人满意的工作。但三年前，由于一位卡车司机不遵守交通规则，李先生在家附近的一个十字路口发生了一次可怕的交通事故。这个十字路口很繁忙，尤其是上下班高峰期。李先生跟死神打了个照面，并且这次事故对他产生了深刻的影响。多亏了他外向的个性，才没有失去信心。他感到让人们遵守交通规则是他的职责。
痊愈以后，李先生申请当一名交警，但被
拒绝了，因为他达不到做这份工作的合格条件。但他被允许当一名临时的而不是永久的工作者。李先生签了合同，但现在他挣的很少了。李先生意识到让每一个人遵守交通规则是非常重要的。每天，他站在自己的位置上指挥着交通。有些过路人注意到了他，感到很奇怪，但随着时间的推移，人们认为他做这样的事是理所当然的了。有时候，他还帮助上了年纪的人或小孩过马路，他们都很感激他。他也要求每个人都遵守交通规则。作为对他工作
的回应，经常从这里走的人从未违反交通规则。实际上，这里的事故伤亡人数已下降到了零。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件10张PPT。教材背景链接志愿者，本平凡，非富贵，非才高。
献爱心，非施舍，非救世，诚必达。
一份心，一点力，一滴水，爱成海。
先励志，再互助。及感恩，终奉献。Module 2 A Job Worth DoingA Survey of China’s Voluntary Services
Volunteers are people from all walks of life，all ages and stages.What they have in common is the desire to make a difference in their community and in their own life-by giving their time and expertise.Though volunteers and volunteer organizations have flourished only recently in China，the ideas of doing good and accumulating merit and taking pleasure in helping others can be traced to ancient times.A long time ago，Chinese Confucians always advocated such ideas.Such ideas in China’s traditional culture are moral concepts widely held in esteem，and deeply rooted in the hearts of the people，becoming norms followed by the people to conduct themselves in the society.Volunteerism and volunteer activities in China may betraced back to the time before the implementation of the policy of reform and opening-up.
Since the 1980s，the concept of volunteer with its history of more than 100 years in European countries and their colonies began to be introduced into China.After the practice of reform and opening-up，the earliest Chinese volunteers began to make their appearance in community services，and community volunteer organizations were gradually established.In the early period of the 1990s，some national volunteer organizations were established.Subsequently，the movement of youth volunteers rapidly expanded all over the country.At present，there are now basically three types of voluntary service organi-zations in China：community volunteer organizations，youth volunteer
organizations，and non-governmental organizations or NGOs for short.新课导入
“中国青年志愿者”标志的整体构图为心的造型，同时也是英文“青年”的第一个字母
Y；图案中央既是手，也是鸽子的造型。标志寓意为中国青年志愿者向社会上所有需要帮助的人们奉献一片爱心，伸出友爱之手，以跨世纪的精神风貌，面向世界，走向未来，表现青年志愿者“热情献社会；真情暖人
心”的主题。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件22张PPT。Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary——Warming UpModule 3 Adventure in Literature and the Cinema?Step One：Words and Phrases
Ⅰ.词汇知识
1．____________ (n.) (由他人撰写的)传记
2．___________ (n.) 幻想，想像
3．_____________ (n.) 叙述；描写；报道biographyfantasyaccount4．________________ (n.) 同伴；伙伴
5．_______ (vi.) 说谎；撒谎
6．_______ (vt.) (使)恐慌；(使)惊慌失措
7．___________ (adj.) 好奇的
8．________ (vt.) (用绳、带等)绑，系，拴
9．fright (n.)____________________
10．terrified (adj.)________________________companionliepaniccurioustie恐惧；害怕非常害怕的；极度恐慌的Ⅱ.重点短语
1. have no connection _______ 与……无关
2. run _________逃跑
3. ahead _________在……前面；提前
4. pour _____________倾盆而下withawayofdown5. ______one’s surprise 使某人惊奇的是
6. be curious ___________对……感到好奇
7. have enough _______受够/听够/吃够/看够
8. die ______fright 惊吓而死
9. run _________偶然遇到
10. _________(a)panic 惊恐地toaboutofofintoin?Step Two：Fast Reading
Ⅰ.Read the text and then find answers to the following questions.
One night，there was a big storm and it was raining hard.Huck and Jim stayed inside the shelter.Suddenly they saw in the river a steamboat.It had hit a rock.What happened later?1．How did Huck and Jim get to the sinking steamboat?
答案：___________________.
2.How did Jim get back to the raft?
答案：___________________.
They paddledHe ranⅡ.Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．From the first paragraph，they found the steamboat ________.
A．stopped at the side of the river
B．had hit a rock and was on the way to sink
C．had hit a rock and had sunk under the river
D．sailing down in the middle of the riverB2．Why did they get on the steamboat?_____
A．Jim suggested that they should find something useful on the boat.
B．Jim was happy to get on a sinking ship because it was exciting.
C．“I” persuaded Jim to get on the ship because “I” think it might be useful.
D．They had to get on the ship because someone forced them to.C3．To their astonishment，they found on the steamboat that________.
A．there was a light in one of the cabins and two people were dead
B．there were some people fighting on the boat
C．two people wanted to kill another one in one of the cabins
D．nothing happened because they were frightened to get away from the boat soonC4．After leaving the steamboat，Huck and Jim decided to________.
A．find a way to save the man
B．leave as soon as possible because it’s so terrifying
C．save the three men by sending them another boat
D．steal their boat so that they sunk with the boat togetherA5．Why did “I” begin to feel bad about what they had done?________
A．Because the man on the floor looked terrified.
B．Jim didn’t want to stay there.
C．Because“I” found the men’s boat tied to the other side of the steamboat.
D．“I” didn’t want all three men to die.D?Step Three：Careful Reading
Ⅰ.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions.
1．What’s the main idea of the text?
答案：_______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.It describes what Huck and Jim saw
and what they did while they were sailing down the Mississippi River on a raft2．Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?
It was clear that it was he who had said he would kill the man on the floor.
答案：_______________________________
______________________________________.He was obviously the one who had threatened the man on the floorⅡ.Read the text and fill in the blanks.rockwatermiceraftcabinsteamboatgunshortcryingboat?Step Four：Consolidation
There was a big storm after midnight and the rain1._________ down.Huck and Jim stayed inside the2.________ and let the raft 3._________ down the river. Suddenly they saw a steamboat.poured sheltersailThey decided to 4.__________ on to the steamboat. When they heard a man’s angry voice，Jim5.____________ and ran back to the raft.Huck saw three men in a 6.________.climbpanickedcabinThe tall man was 7.__________ a gun at the man on the floor.The short man suggested 8._________ the man on the floor.Huck had a plan.They found the men’s boat 9.________ to the other side of the steamboat and 10._______________ away to a safe distance.pointingleavingtiedpaddled?Step Five：Discussion
What do you think happens next?
________________________________________________________________________本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件67张PPT。Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary－Language StudyModule 3 Adventure in Literature and the Cinema1a story which has no connection with reality
一个和现实没有联系的故事[品味经典]
①Does smoking have connection with his lung cancer?
吸烟和他的肺癌有关系吗？
②As I have a wide connection with the press，I can act as your advertising agent in this town.
我与新闻界有广泛的联系，我可以做你方在本市的广告代理人。③The ability of space flight has much connection with the synthesis power of a country.
航天能力与一个国家的综合国力有很大的关系。
④Does that mean we have no connection with them?
那是否代表我们跟这些人就没有关系？
⑤What connection do you have with those shipping companies?
你们与那些船运公司有着什么往来关系？[自我探究]
have connection with 意为“与……有联系，有关联”。
connection 前面可以加上
___________________________等各种不同的修饰词，表示不同的含义，如“与……有某种/一些/较多的/很少的/没有任何联系(关联)”等。当询问“是一种什么样的关系”时，多用___________进行提问。a/some /much/(a)little/nowhat[归纳拓展] have something to do with...和……有关系
be related to与……有关
be connected with与……有联系⑥Your answer has no connection/nothing to do with the question.你答非所问。
⑦These two events were related to each other.
这两个事件相互有联系。[牛刀小试]
As we all know，good health ________ diet.
A．is connected to
B．connects with
C．connects to
D．is connected with解析：选D。句意：众所周知，健康与饮食有关。be connected with与……有关；be connected to被连接在一起。2a story in which a detective tries to solve a problem，such as identifying a murderer
一个侦探企图解决比如确认凶手等问题的故事[品味经典]
①The government is trying to solve the problem of pollution.
政府正在解决污染问题。
②Each student should help each other to solve the difficulties in life and learning.
同学之间应该互相帮助，共同解决在生活中和学习中遇到的困难。[自我探究]
solve 为及物动词，意为“解决”。后面相应的宾语多为
_______________________________________等词。problem，difficulty，conflict，dispute[归纳拓展]
solution n.解决办法；处理手段,a solution to sth.解决……的办法③There’s no easy solution to this problem.
解决这个问题没有容易的方法。
④It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.
也许要花很长时间才能找到解决这个问题的办法。[易混辨析]
solve，settle，answer
(1)solve解决问题，侧重的是给出一个答案。常跟的宾语有：problem，mystery，puzzle，difficulty等。
(2)settle表示“解决”时，其对象通常是某种争端。其宾语常是：argument，quarrel，matter等。
(3)answer 回答，解答，用于对口头问题的解答，后常接question。[牛刀小试]
用solve，settle，answer 填空
(1)Help me to ___________my financial troubles.
(2)As far as we’re concerned，the matter is ___________.
(3)Do you think he will______________your question?solvesettledanswer3a true account of the past
对过去的真实描述
[品味经典]
①The policeman gave an account of the traffic accident.
警察叙述了交通事故的经过。②There were several different accounts of the story in the newspapers.
报纸上对此事有几种不同的说法。
③My salary is paid directly into my bank account.
我的工资直接存入我的银行账户。[自我探究]
account 为名词，意为“_________________”，
常用于短语 ___________________________“向某人描述”。另外，作名词，account 还有“账户”的意思，“开户”用_____________ an account 表示。叙述，描写，报道give sb.an account ofopen[归纳拓展] by/ from all accounts据说，据报道
on account of因为，由于
on no account决不
take account of...＝take...into account体谅，考虑
account for导致，作出解释④ I have never been there，but it is by all accounts，a lovely place.
我从来没有去过那个地方，人家都说那个地方很好。
⑤We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.
由于天气不好，我们将启程的时间推迟了。⑥When judging his performance，don’t take his age into account.
评定他的表现时，不要考虑他的年龄。
⑦That accounts for the delay of the train.
那就是火车晚点的原因。[牛刀小试]
—I wonder why he has been acting so strangely these days.
—Recent pressure at work may ______ his behavior.
A．account for
B．make for
C．change for
D．stand for解析：选A。account for对某事物做出解释，解释事情的原因。make for朝某方向移动，有助于(做)某事；change sth.for sth.用某物替换或代替某物；stand for为某物的缩写形式，代表，赞同。4Huckleberry Finn (or just Huck) is a teenage boy who has run_away from home.
哈克贝利·费恩是一个从家里跑出来的少年。[品味经典]
①He broke the window and ran away.
他打破窗户逃跑了。
②He ran away from the prison though the enemy watched carefully.
尽管敌人看管得很紧他还是从监狱里逃跑了。
③You can’t just run away from the situation.
这事你不能只是回避。[自我探究]
run away 意为“(秘密地)逃跑”，为动副结
构。跟宾语时，还要加from。
_______________________突然离开(某地)；逃离(某地)；
_____________________逃避/回避某事。run away from some placerun away from sth.[归纳拓展] run after追赶，追求
run across＝run into (sb.)偶遇
run out (of)用完；从里面跑出来④I ran across my old friend Joan in Paris last week.
上周我在巴黎遇见了老朋友琼。
⑤He ran after her，calling her name.
他叫着她的名字追赶她。
⑥We are running out of petrol.
我们的汽油快用完了。[牛刀小试]
用适当的介、副词填空
(1)She turned and ran _____________.
(2)The students run __________the classroom.
(3)I ran ______________ some old letters when I was looking for something else.
(4)Don’t bother running _____________ the bus；you’ll never catch it.awayout ofacrossafter5To_our_astonishment，there was a light in one of the cabins.
使我们大为惊讶的是，有间船舱里还亮着一盏灯。[品味经典]
①To my astonishment，the keys were in the door.
让我惊讶的是，钥匙竟然在门上。
②To our great delight，the day turned out fine.
令我们感到高兴的是天气转晴了。③To my great satisfaction，I was proved right.
令我非常满意的是，我被证明是正确的。
④To my surprise，the plan succeeded.＝What surprised me was that the plan succeeded.
我感到惊奇的是那计划竟然成功了。⑤Much to his disappointment，the boss turned down the request.
让他很失望的是，老板拒绝了这个请求。
⑥To the great joy of my son，he passed the entrance exam.
让我儿子极为高兴的是，他通过了入学考试。[自我探究]
to one’s astonishment 是介词短语，意为“__________________________”，用作状语。to one’s 结构中的名词都是表示喜怒哀乐的名词，常见的有：joy，pleasure，regret，anger，disappointment，astonishment等。使某人惊讶的是此结构中的名词前可以用_______________等形容词修饰，也可在to 前加________，以加强语气。“to one’s ＋名词”可以改写为“______________________”的形式，也可根据具体情况，使用__________ 引导的主语从句形式。great，deepmuchto the＋名词＋of sb.what[牛刀小试]
Usually John would be late for meetings.But this time，________to my surprise，he arrived on time.
A little
B．much
C．ever
D．even解析：选B。考查程度副词。此处意思为“令我非常吃惊的是”。little很少；ever曾经；even甚至，均不合句意。故选B。6You’re lying.You said that last time.
你在撒谎，你上次说过了。
[品味经典]
①You could see from his face that he was lying.
从他的表情上你可以看出他在说谎。
②He was fired because he lied to his boss.
他因为对老板说谎被开除了。③More than 8 in 10 students said they had lied to a parent about something significant.
10名学生中就有8名以上承认他们对家长撒过大谎。
④I always know when he’s telling lies.
他说谎话的时候我总是能知道。[自我探究]
lie 用作不及物动词，意为“_______”，其过去式和过去分词都是_______形式。表示“向某人说谎”用_________，另外，lie 还可作名词，表示“谎言”，构成短语____________，反义词“讲实话”为________________。说谎liedlie to sb.tell a lie /liestell the truth[归纳拓展] lie 还有“躺，位于”的意思。这时其过去式是lay，过去分词是lain。
lie in 在于，位于
lay，laid，laid 放置，产蛋⑤The town lies on the coast.该城镇位于海边。
⑥I lay awake all night，thinking of them.
我心里想着他们，彻夜未眠。
⑦The solution lies in alternative sources of power.
解决的方案在于找到替代能源。(朗文P1186)[牛刀小试]
完成句子
(1)躺在地上的小孩撒谎说他的公鸡下了一个蛋。
The little boy ________ on the ground ________ that his cock ________ an egg.lyingliedlaid (2)躺在床上的那个人撒谎说他把钱放在桌子上了。
The man ________ in bed ________ that he had ______ the money on the table.lyingliedlaid7But although I was frightened，I also felt very curious，so I put my head round the door.
虽然我很害怕，但是我还是感到很好奇，所以就把脑袋贴到了门上。[品味经典]
①I am curious to know how that old clock works.
我非常好奇，想知道那个古钟是如何运转的。
②The boy was curious about everything he saw.
那男孩对所见的一切都感到好奇。
③I’m curious whether he passed the exam.
我急切地想知道他是否通过了考试。[自我探究]
curious 是形容词，意为“好奇的”。
常用短语和结构有：____________________，对……感到好奇；_______________________很想做；渴望做；be curious＋wh? 从句。be curious about sth.be curious to do[易混辨析]
curious，anxious，eager
curious 强调好奇心态；
anxious侧重“忧虑”；eager 作“渴望的，热切的”讲，强调一种积极向上的心态。I love those who know when it’s time to be serious and when it’s time not to be even it is an anxious time.As for me，I am curious about almost everything and always eager to learn.我爱那些知道什么时候应该严肃认真，什么时候应该保持清醒头脑(即使是在焦虑状态下)的人，而我自己，则对几乎任何事情都心怀好奇，并随时渴望着去学习。[归纳拓展] curiosity n.好奇，好奇心
out of curiosity出于好奇
④I’m full of curiosity about our new house.
我对我们的新家充满了好奇。
⑤The boy pressed that button out of curiosity.
那个男孩出于好奇按了按那个按钮。[牛刀小试]
People have always been curious ______ how living things on the earth exactly began.
A．in
B．at
C．of
D．about
解析：选D。根据短语结构得出答案。be curious about意为“对……感到好奇”。8It looks as if it’ll go under soon.
看起来很快就要下沉了。[品味经典]
①It looks as if it’s going to rain.
看起来似乎要下雨。(的确有可能发生)
②He treats me as if I am (were) a stranger.
他待我好像我是陌生人。
③She looks as if she were drunk.
她看起来简直就像喝醉了似的。④It seems as though he would leave for Shanghai.
他好像要动身去上海。
⑤He walked up and down as if (he was) worried.
他来回走动，似乎挺着急。[自我探究]
as if＝ __________“好像；似乎”，用来引导方式状语从句或表语从句。描述非现实情况时，as if/as though从句中用虚拟语气(表示现在用_________，表示过去用____________)；此外，若使用现在时，则是表达实际的事实关系；as if/as though从句里的__________和________，有时可省略。as though过去时过去完成时主语动词[牛刀小试]
Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it______ yesterday.
A．was happening
B．happens
C．has happened
D．happened解析：选D。考查虚拟语气。as if引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合前面的remembers可知与现在事实相反，因此用一般过去时。9But I persuaded him to help me，and we found the men’s boat tied to the other side of the steamboat.
但是我还是说服他帮助我，我们发现那两个人的船就紧贴在汽艇的另一边。[品味经典]
①When he returned from abroad，he found his hometown so changed that he couldn’t recognize it.
他从国外回来时，发现故乡变化如此之大，以至于无法辨认了。
②I found him reading a novel.
我发现他正在读小说。
③He found himself lying in a hospital bed.
他发现自己躺在医院的床上。④The teacher often makes me rewrite the composition.
老师常常让我把作文重写。
⑤I can make myself understood in French.
我说法语，别人能理解我的意思。[自我探究]
本句中的tied to the other side of the steamboat为过去分词短语作_______________，和宾语the men’s boat之间存在逻辑________关系。
动词不定式、v.-ing形式和过去分词都可以用作宾语补足语。宾语补足语动宾不定式作宾补一般表示________动作；
v．-ing形式作宾补一般表示_______________动作；
过去分词作宾补一般表示__________________动作。将来的正在发生的被动的、完成的[牛刀小试]
To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can.
A．speak
B．speaking
C．spoken
D．to speak解析：选C。考查过去分词作宾补。
句意：为了学好英语，我们应尽可能地找机会说英语。English和speak之间是被动关系，故感官动词hear后跟过去分词作宾补。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件57张PPT。Section Ⅲ Listening，Everyday English and Function & Cultural CornerModule 3 Adventure in Literature and the Cinema1 I decided to go to the next village and make up a story about the steamboat.
我决定去下一个村子，并且编造一个有关这艘汽艇的故事。[品味经典]
①I couldn’t remember a story to tell the children，so I made one up as I went along.
我想不出什么故事可讲给孩子们听，只好现编现讲。
②Twelve doctors make up the medical team.
＝The medical team was made up of twelve doctors.
医疗队由十二名医生组成。③Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.
农民只占人口的一小部分。
④She spent an hour making (herself) up before the party.
她在聚会前化妆用了一个小时。
⑤We made up the bed in the spare room for our guest.
我们在空着的房间里给客人铺好床。⑥They had an argument，but they have already made up.
他们有过争执，不过现在他们已和解了。[自我探究]
make up是动副结构的动词短语，
在本句中意为“编造”，除此之处，还有“组成，_________；______；铺床；_______”等意思。占比例化妆和解[归纳拓展]
make up for 弥补
⑦We worked all day Saturday，to make up for the lost time.
周六我们全天工作，来弥补失去的时间。
⑧Nothing can make up for the loss of a child.
孩子的遗失是不可弥补的损失。[牛刀小试]
The driver started to speed up to ________ for the hour he had lost in the traffic jam.
A．keep up
B．take up
C．make up
D．catch up解析：选C。make up for 的意思为“弥
补”。句意为“司机开始加速来弥补交通阻塞耽误的时间。”2Who is it disturbing me at this time of night?
在晚上这个时候到底是谁打扰我呢？
[品味经典]
①I’m sorry to disturb you with this question.
对不起，打扰你了，我有个问题请教。②She opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping child.
她轻轻地开门，以免惊扰了睡着的孩子。
③Don’t disturb the papers on my desk.
别把我写字台上的文件弄乱了。
④She was disturbed to hear you had been injured in the accident.
她听到你在事故中受了伤感到不安。[自我探究]
disturb是及物动词，
意为“____________________”。后面可以直接加人或物作宾语。__________________为常见结构，意思是“因……而打扰某人”。打扰，搅乱，使不安disturb sb.with sth.[易混辨析]
disturb，interrupt，bother
(1)disturb含有“骚扰、使不安”之意，尤其是妨碍正在发生的事，还可指打扰睡眠、休息、工作等。
(2)interrupt是“打断、中断”的意思，一般指打断某人的讲话。(3)bother通常表示用某事麻烦某人，一般与介词with或about连用。⑤Don’t disturb the headmaster；he is busy.
不要打扰校长了，他很忙。
⑥Don’t interrupt when others are talking.
别人谈话时不要打断。
⑦Don’t bother with/about it.
不要为此事费心(烦恼)。[牛刀小试]
完成句子
她打断我的话说：“我打扰你们一会儿行
吗？我无意偷听你们的谈话，但是你们刚才所说的真的令我很不安。”
“May I _________ you for a moment？” She __________ me.“I didn’t mean to listen to your conversation，but what you two talked just now really _________ me so much.”disturbinterruptedbother3Often the lives of writers resemble the lives of the characters they create.
通常作家们所创造的人物与他们本人的经历相类似。[品味经典]
①She resembles her mother in appearance.
她跟她妈妈模样很像。
②So many hotels resemble each other here.
这里的许多酒店看上去差不多。[自我探究]
resemble 为及物动词，意为“___________”。相当于_____________或_____________，不用于进行时或被动语态。与……相似look likebe similar toresemble的常见短语有：
sb./sth.resemble sb./sth.，A resemble ______
sth.(A与B在某方面相似)。
B in[牛刀小试]
Mary ________ her sister in appearance but not in character.
A．resembles
B．looks
C．seems
D．appears解析：选A。根据resemble ...in ...“和……在……方面相似”得出答案。句意：玛丽和她姐姐外貌相似，但性格不同。4“Mark Twain”，which means “watermark two”，was a call used by sailors on the Mississippi to warn shipmates that they were coming into shallow water.
“Mark Twain”意思是“水深两尺”，是密西西比河上的水手在同伴要进入浅水区时发出的警告。[品味经典]
①She has been warned of the danger of driving the car in the state.
已经警告过她，这样开车会有危险。
②He warned me against going outside alone at night.
他提醒我晚上不要单独出去。③They warned her that if she did it again she would be sent to prison.
他们警告她说她再这么干就把她关进监狱。
④They were warned not to climb the mountain in such bad weather.
已经劝过他们天气这么坏不要攀登那座山。[自我探究]
warn是及物动词，意为“警告，提醒”。常用的结构有：
warn sb. _________警告某人……
warn sb.__________ 警告某人某事
warn sb.___________ sth.警告某人提防某事
warn sb.___________ sth.警告某人不要做某事
warn sb.______________ doing sth.警告某人不要做某事that...of sth.againstnot to doagainst[牛刀小试]
I had ________ her not to skate on the thin
ice，but she won’t listen to me.
A．warned
B．suggested
C．persuaded
D．made
解析：选A。根据动词用法排除B、D两项，根据句子意思得出正确答案。5He left school early，and as an adolescent，determined to make his fortune in South America，set off from his home in
Hannibal，Missouri，for New Orleans.
他很早辍学，青少年时期他决定到南美洲去碰一下运气，于是他从家乡密苏里州的汉尼拔动身去了新奥尔良．
(1)determined[品味经典]
①He is determined to give up smoking.
他决心戒烟。
②He was determined that the same mistake would not be repeated.
他下决心不会再犯同样的错误。③They have determined where the new school will be built.
他们已经决定在什么地方建这所新学校。
④We have determined to get the work done before National Day.
我们已决定国庆节前完成这项工作。
⑤We determined on an early start/(that) we’d make an early start.
我们决定早些出发。[自我探究]
determined 为形容词，
意为“_________________”，常用于be determined ___________sth.或be determined ＋ _________结构中，表示“决心……”，相当于________________________________。坚决的，有决心的to do从句make up one’s mind其动词为determine相当于_________，意为“决定”，用于determine ___________sth.或determine __________sth.。
(2)set off
decideto doon[品味经典]
⑥They set off by car and made for the train station.
他们动身乘车前往火车站。
⑦He is so excited because he will set off for Europe next month.
他很兴奋，因为下个月他就要出发去欧洲了。⑧Do be careful with those fireworks；the slightest spark could set them off.
对那些烟火要格外小心，稍有火星就能引起爆炸。[自我探究]
set off 在本句中为不及物动词短语，意为“________________”。跟目的地时，要在短语后使用介词______，相当于leave for。另外set off还可用作及物动词，意为“使……爆炸”。出发、动身for[归纳拓展] set about 开始做，着手做
set aside 把……放到一旁(以备后用)；
留出，拨出
set out 动身，启程；着手
set up 建起；设立；设置
set in 以……为背景；到来[易混辨析]
set about，set out，set off
(1)set about 是“开始做，着手做”的意思，后面接名词或者v.-ing形式。
(2)set out 除了表示“动身，出发”(也常与for连用)之外，还有“着手做”的意思，此时要与不定式连用。(3)set off 是“出发，动身，启程”的意思。如果说“动身去某地”，通常说“set off for”。If you really want to set about finding a solution to this tough matter，it is necessary for you to set out to take some actions before we set off for Europe.
如果你真的想着手寻找一个解决这个棘手问题的办法，那你就非常有必要在我们启程去欧洲之前着手采取些行动。[牛刀小试]
(1)I walked out of cinema，________I’d never come back to this hell of a place.
A．determining
B．determined
C．to determine
D．determine解析：选B。本题考查非谓语动词的用法。因determine在表示“决心做某事”时的结构为be determined to do sth.或be determined that...，所以此处用过去分词。(2)We’d better get the rice planted before the wet weather ________.
A．set in
B．set off
C．set out
D．set up
解析：选A。此处set in表示“坏天气、冬天、疾病等”开始，发生，到来。6Forced to change his plans，he worked for several years as a pilot on a steamboat，taking passengers up and down the Mississippi，the great river which flows from the north of the US near the Canadian border，down to the Gulf of Mexico.他被迫改变了计划，在一艘汽船上做了几年领航员，把乘客从密西西比河的上游带到下游，从下游带到上游——密西西比河是一条大河，发源于靠近加拿大边境的美国北部并最终注入墨西哥湾。[品味经典]
①You can’t force others into accepting your ideas.
你不能强迫别人接受你的观点。
②Parents should not force their children to study.
家长不应该强迫自己的孩子学习。③I have never forced my idea on you.
我从来不把我的想法强加于你。
④The thief forced the window open.
小偷破窗而入。[自我探究]
force...on/upon sb.____________________ ；force sb.to do...＝______________________sth.强迫某人做某事；_______________将……强行推(撞)开将……强加于……force sb.into doingforce...open[归纳拓展]
force还可用作名词，意为“力，力量；
军队”等。
⑤The window was stuck，but father got it open by force.
窗户关得很死，爸爸用力才把它推开。
⑥He says he’s going to join the air force and become a pilot.
他说他想参加空军当个飞行员。[易混辨析]
force，energy，power，strength
(1)force主要指自然界的力量、暴力以及法
律、道德或感情的力量；(物理学的)力；军事力量。
(2)energy主要指人的精力，(物理学的)能。
(3)power权力，权势。
(4)strength着重指人的力气，体力。[牛刀小试]
用power/energy/strength/force填空
(1)He has lost the________of speech.
(2)It’s a waste of time and ________.
(3)For a small woman she has surprising ________.
(4)The soldiers took the prisoners away by________.powerenergystrengthforce7He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only to find that there were no boats for South America.
他身无分文地到达新奥尔良时，却发现那里没有开往南美洲的船了。[品味经典]
①He woke up only to find himself in hospital.
他醒来发现自己在医院里。
②When he hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left.
当他匆忙赶到车站时，结果被告知车已开走了。[自我探究]
本句中的only to find that there were no boats for South America为动词不定式短语作结果状语。表示“___________________”的结果，而v.-ing作状语，表示“______________”的结果。不定式常用作__________状语，相当于in order to do 形式的用法。意外的，意想不到自然而然目的[牛刀小试]
(1)(2011年江苏南京金陵中学高二检测)He hurried to the stadium without supper，________the football match he had been longing to watch was cancelled.
A．only to be told
B．only telling
C．only to tell
D．only told解析：选A。句意：他没吃晚饭就匆匆忙忙赶往体育场，结果被告知他一直期待观看的足球比赛被取消了。(2)He was busy writing a story，only ________ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
A．to stop
B．stopping
C．to have stopped
D．having stopped解析：选B。此题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。句意：他在忙于写一个故事，只是偶尔停下来抽支烟。only在这里是连词“只是”。only/just ＋不定式用来作状语通常表示出乎意料的结果，而此句不是。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件79张PPT。Section Ⅳ Grammar & WritingModule 3 Adventure in Literature and the Cinema[品味经典]
1．Don’t you remember_______________________
2．The building ___________is our office building.
3．He lost the bike_______________________.
4．The soup ______________delicious.seeing the man before?to be builtbought last weektastes[自我探究]
第1句中划线部分是v.-ing 形式作______，表示“记得_____某事”；第2句是动词不定式的被动式作后置定语，表示_______________动作；第3句是过去分词作后置定语，表示__________________动作；第4句是________结构，taste是______________。宾语做过将来的被动完成的被动系表系动词一、非谓语动词
非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式。它们不能在句中充当谓语，可充当其他语法功能，可以起名词、形容词或副词的作用，在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语和状语。非谓语动词包括：动词不定式、动词的?ing 形式和动词的?ed 形式三种。
非谓语动词的句法功能如下：1.非谓语动词作主语
(1)不定式作主语。
To say is easier than to do.
说起来容易做起来难。
不定式作主语时，常表示一次性的、具体
的、特指的动作，并且用 it 作形式主语而将其后置。如上例可改为：It is easier to say than to do.。(2)动名词作主语。
Walking after supper is good for both young and old.
晚饭以后散步对年轻人和老人都有好处。
若表示抽象的、习惯性的动作时常用动名
词。2．非谓语动词作表语
(1)不定式作表语。
His purpose is to give you some reasonable advice.
他的目的是给你一些合理的建议。
(2)动名词作表语。
His job is teaching.他的工作是教学。动名词作表语时，表语既具有动词特征又具有名词性，甚至有时表语和主语可以互换。如上例可改为：Teaching is his job.。
(3)分词作表语。
The film is interesting，and my sister gets interested in it.电影很有趣，我的妹妹对它开始感兴趣了。现在分词作表语，表示主语所具有的特征，表语与主语之间是主动关系，并且常以物作主语，译为“某物怎么样”；过去分词作表
语，表示主语所处的心理状态，主语和表语之间存在被动关系，并且常以人作主语，译为“某人感到怎么样”。具有这一用法的有：surprise，interest，touch，move，puzzle，excite，tire，please，disappoint，satisfy，encourage 等。3．非谓语动词作宾语
(1)不定式作宾语。
She pretended not to see me when I came in.
当我进来时她假装没有看到我。
Little Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this evening.小吉姆应该愿意今晚被带到剧院。有些动词后要用不定式作宾语，表示某次具体的动作或行为。类似的动词有 hope，
agree，choose，manage，promise，expect，determine，decide，seek，refuse，arrange，desire 等。
(2)动名词作宾语。
Would you mind my opening the window?
我打开窗户你介意吗？He didn’t remember having lived with his friend before.
他不记得以前和他的朋友一起住过了。
有些动词(词组)后接动名词形式，表示动作的经常性、习惯性或已经完成。类似的动词(词组)有 enjoy，keep，admit，avoid，escape，consider，delay，put off，give up 等。【温馨提示】 want，need，require 等动词以物作主语时，其后的宾语用主动式表被动含义或用不定式的被动式。如：Those young trees need watering/to be watered.。另外，还有少数动词，如 mean，stop，try，can’t help 等后既可接不定式也可接动名词，但各自发生时间有先后。4．非谓语动词作宾语补足语、主语补足语
(1)不定式作宾语补足语、主语补足语。
The policeman told the boy not to play on the road.
那个警察告诉那个男孩不要在路上玩耍。The old man was often seen to stand at the door of this house.那个老人经常被看到站在这所房子的门旁。
诸如 get，ask，beg，invite，oblige，allow，hate，wish，want，expect，like，permit，encourage，request，advise，order，persuade，cause，warn 等动词后都可用不定式作宾语补足语。但 hope，think，agree，insist，plan，suppose，suggest，announce，demand 等动词不能这样用。如果动词 let，have，make，hear，notice，see，observe，feel，look at，listen to 等，用于被动语态时，则可以用不定式作主语补足语。
(2)分词作宾语补足语、主语补足语。
①现在分词作宾语补足语、主语补足语。
Tom’s father saw him sitting on the eggs.
汤姆的父亲看到他正坐在鸡蛋上。Soon steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes.
很快就能看到蒸汽从湿衣服上升起。
现在分词作宾语补足语、主语补足语时，表示现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的宾语或主语，与逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。
②过去分词作宾语补足语、主语补足语。
I had my house painted last week.
上周我找人粉刷了我的房子。The boy was found lost and couldn’t find his way back.
有人发现这个男孩迷路了，找不到回去的路。
过去分词作宾语补足语、主语补足语时，表示过去分词的逻辑主语就是句子的宾语或主语，与逻辑主语之间存在被动关系。
5．非谓语动词作定语
(1)不定式作定语。Every day the workers have a lot of work to do.
工人们每天都有大量的工作要做。(动宾关系)
The second officer to come in was Mr.Smith.
第二个进来的官员是史密斯先生。(主谓关系)
This is the best way to learn a foreign language.
这是学习一门外语的最好方法。(修饰关系)不定式作定语时通常后置，即作后置定语，表示将要发生的动作，与被修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系、同位关系、主谓关系或修饰关系。
(2)动名词作定语。We shall have a writing competition.
我们将举行一次写作比赛。
There is a swimming pool in the park.
公园里有一个游泳池。
用动名词作定语，起说明被修饰名词性质或用途的作用。(3)分词作定语。
①现在分词作定语。
Now there is a fire burning in the fireplace.
现在壁炉里有正燃烧的火。
The villagers built a road leading to the city.
村民们修了一条通往城市的路。现在分词作定语时，与它修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词表示动作正在进行或经常性、现在或当时的状态。
②过去分词作定语。
There is a village called Gum Tree far away from here.
有一个离这儿很远的叫桉树的村庄。过去分词作定语时，与它所修饰的词之间存在被动关系。过去分词所表示的动作是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，或没有固定的时间性。
6．非谓语动词作状语
(1)不定式作状语。
They came to see their mother in hospital.
他们来看望住院的妈妈。不定式作状语时，可以表示目的、结果、原因和条件。表目的时常用于 so as to 或 in order to 中，但 so as to 不能置于句首；表示结果时常用于 enough to，too...to...，so...as to...，such...as to...结构中，但要注意 too...to... 结构与 only，not，never 连用时语法结构发生了变化，因此要择义而用之。(2)分词作状语。
①现在分词作状语。
Working hard，you won’t fail in the examination.
努力学习你就不会在考试中不及格。
Not having heard from her，I decided to write to her again.
没有收到她的来信，我决定再给她写一次。现在分词作状语时，表示现在分词动作与
谓语动作同时进行或先于谓语动作发生或
完成。因此可用现在分词的一般式或完成式表示，而完成式的否定式 not 必须置于分词之前。相当于表示原因、条件、时间、结果、伴随状况等状语从句。【温馨提示】 通常现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，即彼此间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。但 generally speaking，strictly speaking，roughly speaking，judging from 等词组不受这种语法限制。
②过去分词作状语。Seen from the top of the tower，the river looks like a snake.从塔顶看，这条河看起来像一条蛇。
过去分词作状语时，句子的主语与过去分词之间存在被动关系，即主语是过去分词动作的承受者，同样也可以表原因、条件、
时间、结果、伴随等。
二、连系动词连接主语，表示主语的身份、性质、状态的动词，称为连系动词。连系动词词义不完
整，必须和表语一起构成主系表结构。常见的表示状态的连系动词有：be，look，seem，appear，smell，taste，sound，feel，sit，stand，lie，keep，stay(保持)等。表示转换或结果的连系动词常见的有：become，get，grow，turn，go，come，fall，prove等。The park looks very beautiful.
这个公园很美丽。
She always keeps silent whenever I see her.
不管我什么时候看见她，她总是保持沉默。
Stand still and I’ll take a picture of you.
请站稳，我给你拍张照片。Ⅰ.用动词的适当形式填空
1．_________________(compare) with other classmates，he is not very clever.
2．Joan suggested ________(ask) her father for his opinion.Comparedasking3．We have raised twelve thousand dollars so far，and we expect________(reach) our goal by the end of next week.
4．I will never forget the difficulty I had in ________(find) a job.
to reachfinding5．At that time，we heard a woman ________(cry) sadly from the next door.
6．___________(introduce) into the country，the food is well received by people of the country.
7．Roger took up ________(paint) for a
while，but soon lost interest.cryingIntroducedpainting8．My mother says the day she has been looking forward to ____________(arrive) soon.
9．The emperor made his people build a large temple，________(know) as the Temple of Heaven.
10．Some people get ________(pay) over $400 an hour.will arriveknownpaidⅡ.单项填空
1．Bill suggested ________a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
A．having held
B．to hold
C．holding
D．hold解析：选C。题意：贝尔建议就假期为上海世博会做点什么一事开个会。suggest 后接动名词作宾语；根据题意，hold a meeting 在suggest 之后发生，故不用动名词的完成式。2．When he raised his head，he found himself ________in the direction of his hometown.
A．walk
B．walked
C．to walk
D．walking解析：选D。句意：当他抬起头时，他发现自己正朝家乡的方向走。由于动词walk与himself 为主谓关系，所以用其现在分词形式作宾语补足语，表正在进行。3．The play ________ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.
A．produced
B．being produced
C．to be produced
D．having been produced解析：选C。句意为“下个月即将上演的戏剧主要是为了表现地方文化。”to be produced 作后置定语，修饰 The play，表示“将被上演的”。produced 表示“上演过的”，being produced 表示“正在被上演的”。4．What is the way George thought of ________enough money to buy the house?
A．to get
B．getting
C．having got
D．being got解析：选A。此题可采用减元法。George thought of 是way 的定语从句，可以去掉，则该句变为What is the way________enough money to buy the house？way 的定语可用to do 或of doing。5．Which do you enjoy ________your
holiday，going abroad or staying at home?
A．spending
B．to spend
C．being spent
D．spend解析：选B。此题极易受enjoy 后接v.?ing 形式的干扰，从而错选A项或C项。其实，enjoy 的宾语是which，即在going abroad 与staying at home 之间作出选择；to spend your holiday 是目的状语。故选B项。6．________ many times，he finally understood it.
A．Told
B．Telling
C．Having told
D．Having been told解析：选D。考查现在分词作状语。由语意可知，tell这一动作发生在understand之前，且与主语he之间存在动宾关系，故选D。7．________ the project in time，the staff were working at weekends.
A．Completing
B．Having completed
C．To have completed
D．To complete解析：选D。考查非谓语动词。由后半句“全体员工周末都在工作”可知，前半句表示“为了及时完成那个项目”，故用动词不定式作目的状语。8．She asked me to help her，________she couldn’t move the heavy suitcase herself.
A．only to realize
B．realized
C．realizing
D．but realized 解析：选C。根据句子的意思分析，此处应该使用伴随状语，表示和asked同时发生的动
作。而A项表示的是结果状语。9．We had an anxious couple of weeks ________ for the results of the experiment.
A．wait
B．to be waiting
C．waited
D．waiting
解析：选D。We 与 wait 之间为主动关系，根据句意 wait 是“had”的伴随动作，故用现在分词形式。10．It is one of the funniest things ______ on the Internet so far this year.
A．finding
B．being found
C．to find
D．found
解析：选D。find 与 things 之间是被动关系，可排除A、C两项；B项表示进行；D项表示完成，根据句意可知答案为D。 写作要求
《一个都不能少》是著名导演张艺谋执导的一部关于中国偏远山村小学的真实故事片。请根据下列要点写一篇简短的电影梗概：1．学校唯一的老师高老师有事，村长让女孩儿魏敏芝代课；
2．敏芝最重要的事情就是把孩子看好，一个也不能少；
3．班上最调皮的男孩儿逃课到了城里，敏芝想尽办法找男孩儿；
4．在好心人的帮助下，她上了电视，男孩儿看到哭泣的敏芝，最终回到了学校；
5．真人真事，纯朴感人，深受喜爱。写作要点
1. 导演v.____________/n.____________
2．电影明星____________
3．女/男演员____________/____________
4．在……里扮演角色_________________
5．情节____________
6．观众____________direcdirectorfilm staractoractressplay a part in...the plotaudience句式结构
1．故事发生在……
The story________________________...
2．许多人一定对张艺谋导演的《一个都不能少》很熟悉。takes place in Many people must ________________________the film Not One Less ________by Zhang Yimou.
3．这部电影被许多观众所喜欢。
The film is ________by many ________.be familiar withdirectedlikedaudiences连句成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________。佳作欣赏
Review of Not One Less
Most Chinese film fans will be familiar with the film Not One Less，directed by Zhang Yimou，a well?known film director.It is about the real story of a primary school in China’s remote mountain village.The story goes like this：Mr.Gao，the only teacher of the school，has something important to do，so the village leader asks Wei Minzhi to take his place.The most important thing for Minzhi is not to lose any pupil from the school.Unfortunately，the naughtiest boy in her class runs away from school and goes to town.Minzhi makes every effort to look for him.With the help of kind people，she appears on television.The boy sees the crying Minzhi on television and finally he goes back to his school.The film is liked by many audiences not only because it is simple and moving but also because the people in the film use their real names and play themselves.It is a really enjoyable film.类文点津
1.整体思路：
在第一段简单引入电影《一个都不能少》及其导演，然后在第二段结合所给要点，适当补充细节，简要概述该电影的主要内容，要做到文章完整流畅。对该电影的评论不需要写得太多，但要言之有理，可从电影的拍摄风格、主题思想、社会影响和人们的相关评价等方面展开评论。2．篇章结构：
影评也最好采取三段式。正如上面所谈到
的，第一段简要引入《一个都不能少》，第二段根据要点提示对其主要内容进行适当描述，第三段则要进行恰当的评论。一定要确保各段落间的过渡自然流畅。3．遣词造句：
细心观察图画，电影的英文名字是“Not One Less”。参考前面所谈及的话题词汇和句型，运用第三人称和一般现在时，不可忽视句子之间的过渡和衔接。力争做到表意清
晰，语言流畅，切忌机械翻译。课时活页Mark Twain，one of America’s greatest writers，①established his reputation for his great works.His novel，The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn，set in the USA in the 19th century，is in fact his ②biography_ rather than a fiction he had created.That is，his own life resembled the lives of the characters he ③made_up.As an adolescent，Mark Twain was determined to make his fortune.He set off from his hometown to South America.Unfortunately，he was forced to stay on a steamboat to work as a ④pilot for several years.Twain’s vivid and amusing accounts of life on the river still make people feel in the mood to read the novel now.The novel has won countless ⑤reviews in the world.Here is a part of this novel.The main character，Huck，and his companion，Jim，⑥ran_away.They sailed down the Mississippi River on a raft.Because the rain poured down，they were staying inside the ⑦shelter when Huck saw a steamboat in the middle of the river.He also heard a man’s angry answer “You’re ⑧lying”．Jim felt very frightened and panicked，while Huck felt a little curious and crawled to the steamboat.He saw a man with ⑨beard beating another man，tied up with rope.Huck decided to save the injured.He ⑩played_a_trick_on anddisturbed that man with beard.The two boys and the injured man paddled away to a safe place.马克·吐温，美国最伟大的作家之一，通过他伟大的作品建立了自己的名声。他的小说《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》，以19世纪的美国为背景，实际上是他的自传，而不是他创造的虚构小说。也就是说，他的生活类似于他所虚构的人物的生活。作为一名青少年，马克·吐温下定决心要赚大钱。他从家乡出发去南美洲。不幸的是，他被迫呆在—艘汽艇上当了好几年的引航员。吐温生动有趣的河上生活的描述现在仍然使人们想要去阅读这部小说。这部小说在世界上好评如潮。下面是其中的一个片段。小说的主人公哈克和他的同伴吉姆逃跑了。他们在一艘木筏上沿着密西西比河顺流而
下。因为大雨滂沱，他们呆在一个遮蔽物
下，正在这时哈克看到河中间有一艘汽艇。他还听到一个男人愤怒的回答“你在撒谎”。吉姆感到既惊慌又害怕，而哈克感到有点好奇。他爬到汽艇上，看到一个有胡须的男子正在打一个被绳子捆着的人。哈克决定救这个受伤的人。他捉弄并且干扰了那个有胡须的人。这两个男孩和那个受伤的人将船划到了一个安全的地方。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件9张PPT。教材背景链接你一定学习过《百万英镑》和《汤姆·索亚历险记》！
它们的作者是一个优秀的作家，一个优秀的演说家，
近代幽默文学的泰斗！
代表美国文学的世界一流作家！
他是怀有赤子之心的顽童，亦是仗义执剑的骑士！
美国文学中的林肯——马克·吐温Module 3 Adventure in Literature and the CinemaSummary on The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Although probably no other work of American literature has been the source of so much controversy，Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is regarded by many as the greatest literary achievement America has yet produced.Inspired by many of the author’sown experiences as a river-boat pilot，the book tells of two runaways—a white boy and a black man—and their journey down the mighty Mississippi River. When the book first appeared，it scandalized reviewers and parents who thought it would corrupt young children with its depiction of a hero who lies，steals，and uses coarse language.In the last half of the twentieth century，the condemnation of the book has continued on the grounds that its portrayal of Jim and use of the word “nigger” is racist.The novel continues to appear on lists of books banned in schools across the country.Nevertheless，from the beginning The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was also recognized as a book that would revolutionize American literature.The strong point of
view，skillful depiction of dialects，and confrontation of issues of race and prejudice have inspired critics to dub it “the great American novel”．Nobel Prize-winning author Ernest Hemingway claimed in The Green Hills of Africa (1935)，for example，that “All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huck Finn.There was nothing before.There has been nothing as good since.”新课导入
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》主人公是在《汤姆·索亚历险记》中就跟大家见面的哈克贝利·费恩。他是一个聪明、善良、勇敢的白人少年。他为了追求自由的生活，逃亡到密西西比河上并遇到了黑奴吉姆的经历。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件26张PPT。Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary——Warming UpModule 4 Carnival?Step One：Words and Phrases
Ⅰ.词汇知识
1．______________ (n.) 杂乱；混乱
2．_______________ (vt.) 延长
3．______________ (vt.) 复兴；再兴起
4．_____________ (adj.) 优美的；高雅的confusionextendreviveelegant5．_________ (n.) 魅力；魔力
6．______________ (n.) 记忆
7．________________ (vi.) 假装
8．________________ (vi.) 漫步；闲逛
9．calendar (n.)_______________
10．dove (n.) 鸽子magicmemorypretendwander日历；月历Ⅱ.重点短语
1．___________an end 完结
2．dress ________装扮；打扮
3．__________ fun 玩得很愉快
4．on __________连续地come touphaveend5．________ back to 追溯到(某个时候)
6．_______ secret 秘密地
7．________memory of 为了纪念……
8．pass ______传递
9．come _________脱落dateininonoff?Step Two：Fast Reading
Ⅰ.Read the text and answer the following questions.
Carnival is very popular in western countries. People enjoy themselves in Carnival. To know more about Carnival, read the text and then find answers to the following questions.1．Where does Carnival come from？What does it mean?
答案：________________________________
______________________________________．
Carnival comes from Europe, meaning “no more meat”2．What’s your general impression of Carnival?
答案：
_______________________________________________________________________________.Whenever you think of carnival, you may think of crowds, costumes, and confusionⅡ.Match the main idea with every paragraph.
Paragraph 1 A：the meaning of carnival and how it was celebrated
Paragraph 2 B：the law about wearing masks
Paragraph 3 C：general impression of carnivalParagraph 4 D：how it is celebrated today in Venice and the feature of it
Paragraph 5 E：carnival in Venice and the problem it caused
Paragraph 6 F：the revival of the tradition of celebrating it
答案：1～6 CAEBFD
Ⅲ.Scan the text and choose the best answers.
1．At the beginning, the festival carnival was held ________.
A．to follow the tradition of Venice people
B．to enjoy themselves at the end of the winter season
C．to wear masks in order not to be recognised
D．to remember the two Latin wordsB2．The purpose of people wearing masks during the festival was that________.
A．they wanted to add to the mystery of the festival
B．the poor wanted to act as rich and important people
C．they wanted to break the law without being punished
D．they wanted to have romantic adventuresA3．Which of the following is TRUE about the ban of masks in Venice?________
A．People may wear masks only in the daytime.
B．People were allowed to enter a church with masks on.
C．Few people were allowed to dress up as women.
D．Most people were allowed to carry firearms when wearing masks.A4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?____________
A．People’s wearing masks makes carnival a more mysterious festival.
B．The spirit of carnival is different between France and America.
C．Wearing masks was banned when Venice became part of Austria.
D．Carnival is celebrated all over the world including Asia and Africa.D5.What is the key to the carnival in Venice?___
A．Music and movement.
B．Music and dance.
C．It can attract many foreigners.
D．The mystery of the masks.D?Step Three：Careful Reading
Ⅰ.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions.
1．What do people do at carnival?
答案：
________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________.People saw Carnival as a last chance to have fun at the end of the winter season. They eat, drink and dress up2．In what way is Venice carnival special?
答案：________________________________
_______________________________________.It is the mystery of the mask that makes Venice carnival specialⅡ.Read the text and fill in the blanks.meatEuropedrinkingoneChristmasmaskswomen18thtouristsFebruary?Step Four：Consolidation
When carnival began in Europe, people saw it the last 1._________ to have fun at the end of the winter season. Having fun meant eating, drinking, and dressing up. The most famous carnival was in Venice. At first, it 2._________ for just one day. As time passed, the carnival period was 3._______________.chance lastedextendedPeople walked around the streets wearing masks, doing what they wanted without being 4.______________. Later, wearing masks was 5.___________ by law. Finally, at the end of the 18th century, masks were banned completely. But in the late 1970s, the tradition was 6.____________ by students and the festival was developed for tourists. recognisedlimitedrevivedToday, carnival in Venice is 7.____________ for five days in February. Hotels are fully 8.__________ and the narrow streets are crowded with wonderful 9.__________. If the key to Rio is music and movement, 10.______ in Venice it is the mystery of masks.celebratedbookedcostumesthen?Step Five：Discussion
What is your opinion about western festivals in China?
(金词点拨：entertain; side effects; traditional festivals)答案：_______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Western festivals can bring us some entertainments, but the possible side effects are frightening. It may be impossible to totally refuse them, but it is not wise to take them all. When celebrating western festivals, we should not go too far, waste too much money, and above all, we should not neglect to cherish our traditional festivals本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件69张PPT。Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary－Language StudyModule 4 Carnival1This festival is at the end of October，when “ghosts” come out.
这个节日在十月底，是“魔鬼”出来的日子。[品味经典]
①It was several weeks before the truth of the matter came out.
事实真相在几个星期以后才得以披露。
②A second edition will come out next year.
第二版将在明年出版。
③The words came out in little more than a whisper.
这些话是悄悄说出来的。[自我探究]
come out 在本句中，意为“________”，还有：“出现，显露”“__________；开花；后来发现，结果是；________，道出”等意思。come out是___________动词。出来出版说出不及物[归纳拓展]
come across偶然发现，偶然遇到；被理解
come about发生；产生
come into being形成；产生
come on快点(口)，开始，到来，举行，
走吧，一起去come to苏醒，总共，达到，得到谅解
come up(种子)生长，发育；被提出
come up with赶上；想出
come up to达到(某点)
come true实现
come off脱落，分开；实现，成功[牛刀小试]
用come短语完成句子
(1)人类会说这么多种语言，这种情况是如何产生的呢？
How did it ________________ that humans speak so many different languages?
(2)大家确实理解了你在会议上的观点。
Your point really ________________ at the meeting.come aboutcame across(3)我刚想提起水壶，壶把手就掉在我的手里了。
When I tried to lift the kettle，the handle ________________________ in my hand.
(4)人们能在许多方面把一些想法综合在一
起，并提出一些新观点。
People can put ideas together in many ways and can ________________________ new ideas.came offcome up with(5)你知道地球是如何形成的吗？
Do you know how the earth
____________________________ ?came into being2Having fun meant eating，drinking，and dressing up.
尽情玩乐就意味着吃、喝和盛装打扮。[品味经典]
①We dressed up for the school ball on Christmas Day.
我们为参加学校的圣诞舞会而盛装打扮。
②I just love the fun of dressing up in ancient clothing.
我喜欢穿上古装的乐趣。
③The little girl dressed herself up as an angle.
这小姑娘把自己装扮成天使。[自我探究]
dress up为动副搭配的动词短语，
意为“____________”，后跟____________表示“打扮成”；跟_______表示“为……场合而打扮”；跟______表示“用……衣服装扮”。梳妆打扮as/likeforin[归纳拓展]
dress sb.给某人穿衣
be dressed in穿着
④He is smartly dressed in red when I saw him at the dinner.
我在宴会上见到他身着红衣，帅气十足。
⑤She dressed her son in uniform in a hurry，because he couldn’t dress himself.
她匆匆地给儿子穿上制服，因为他自己不会穿。[易混辨析]
wear，have on，put on，dress，(be)in
(1)wear主要用于穿衣服、戴眼镜(手套、首
饰、帽)等，以强调“穿(戴)着”的状态。
(2)have on作“穿(戴)着”讲，同wear一样，也表状态，但不用于进行时态。
(3)put on着重强调“穿(戴)上”的动作。(4)dress既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动
词，所接宾语是人而不是衣、帽等物。短语be dressed in表示状态，“穿着”的意思。
(5)(be)in＋“颜色或服装、眼镜等”也表示“穿着”的状态，在句中作表语或定语。[牛刀小试]
用dress，have on，put on，wear与be in的适当形式填空
(1)Since the accident he can’t feed or
________________himself.
(2)Today she is________________her necklace.dresswearing(3)He________________his coat and went out.
(4)He________________a red T?shirt every day.
(5)The lady who________________white is our teacher of Chinese.put onhas onis in3As time passed，however，the carnival period was extended，so that it began just after Christmas.
但是随着时间的推移，狂欢节的时间延长
了，这样一来，圣诞节一结束，它便开始
了。[品味经典]
①He extended his hand in greeting.
他伸出手来表示欢迎。
②The tourist season extends from May till October.
旅游季节从五月延续到十月。③The road extends for miles.
这条路绵延数英里。
④The boss extended our holiday by four days.
老板把我们的假期延长了四天。[自我探究]
extend既可用作___________，
也可用作___________________，
意为“________________________；
_________________________”。及物动词不及物动词延续，延长(时间)扩展，延绵(距离)[归纳拓展]
extend还有“给予；扩展”的意思。
⑤We’d like to extend a warm welcome to our French visitors.
我们对法国朋友的到来表示热烈欢迎。⑥He extended an invitation to the evening party to the entire class.
他向全班同学发出邀请，参加晚会。
⑦You can extend your knowledge by reading books.
你可以通过读书来增长知识。[易混辨析]
expand，extend
两者都有“扩大，增加”之意。
(1)expand侧重指“上下、左右、前后的面或体的伸展”。
(2)extend侧重指“长度、时间等方面的延
伸”。【助记】⑧Water expands when it freezes.
水结冰时会膨胀。
⑨The hot weather extended to October.
炎热的天气一直持续到十月份。[单词团团转]
选择这两个单词并用其适当形式填空：
(extend，expand)
The bloon (1)_____________ so much that it burst，with its pieces (2)______________ as far as the edge of the park.expandedextending解析：(1)从it burst可知发生在过去，用过去时；(2)意思：碎片散落一直到公园边缘，属于with结构，pieces和extend之间为主动关
系，故用现在分词。4Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important，while famous people could have romantic adventures in secret.Many crimes went unpunished.
普通人可以装成阔佬和要人，而名人也可以偷偷地体验浪漫奇遇。很多罪行逃脱了惩罚。[品味经典]
①He pretended to be friendly with us.
他装出和我们友好的样子。
②He pretended not to have heard about it.
他假装没听说过这件事。③The students pretended to be reading when the teacher came in.
老师进来时，学生们假装在读书。
④He pretended to have been punished by the teacher.
他假装受到了老师的惩罚。
⑤He pretended that he was ill so that he could stay at home.
他装病以便能呆在家里。[自我探究]
pretend是及物动词，意为“假装”，其后的宾语可以接____________从句和______________。表示“假装正在……”时用____________________；表示“假装已经……”时用___________________。that引导的动词不定式不定式的进行时不定式的完成时[语法一条线]
用动词的适当形式填空：
When I passed by him，he pretended not to (1)__________(see) me，I also pretended I (2)________(not ，see) him，pretending to (3)_______________(phone)．have seenhad be phoning解析：(1)在谓语之前发生，用不定式的完成时；(2)在主句谓语之前发生，用过去完成
时；(3)和谓语同时发生，用不定式的进行时5The original Venice carnival came to an end about 200 years ago.
最初的威尼斯狂欢节在200年前就完结了。[品味经典]
①The meeting came to an end at last.
会议终于结束了。
②The world will come to an end when an icy winter seizes the earth.
一旦寒冷的冬天笼罩地球，世界末日就到来了。[自我探究]
come to an end为动词短语，意为“_____”。
[归纳拓展]
bring...to an end结束
put an end to结束
end up结束(不及物)
end up with以……结束
结束③He brought his lecture to an end around ten o’clock.
他在10点左右结束了他的演讲。
④Let’s put an end to this quarrel.
我们结束这场争吵吧。
⑤Our game always ends up in a quarrel.
我们总是在吵闹中结束比赛。⑥Love is as smile start，as kiss grow，and end up with tear.
爱，起于微笑，浓于亲吻，逝于泪水。
⑦Chamberlain started with the aim of injuring others only to end up by ruining himself.
张伯伦以损人的目的开始，以害己的结果告终。[牛刀小试]
Susan’s birthday party was ________ success.We sang and danced until it came to ________ end at twelve.
A．a；the
B．a；an
C．/；an
D．the；the解析：选B。考查冠词。第一空表示“一件成功的事”；第二空为固定短语come to an end“结束”。6Hotels are fully booked and the narrow streets are crowded with wonderful costumes.
酒店已被预订一空，狭窄的街道上满眼都是华丽的盛装。[品味经典]
①I’d like to book a table for 8 o’clock tonight.
我想订一张今晚八点的餐桌。
②Please book a double room for me.
请给我订一个双人间。
③I have booked two seats for the theatre on Saturday.
我预订了两张星期六的戏票。[自我探究]
book为及物动词，意为“________”，
宾语主要是“_______、______、________”等。预订房间座位票[易混辨析]
book，order
(1)book用于订票、房间、座位等。
(2)order用于订货物、饭菜、衣服等。[牛刀小试]
用book，order的适当形式填空
(1)The lecturer is ________ for every night of this week.
(2)They are said to have________more grain from Canada.
(3)Mary has ________ a flight from New York to London.bookedorderedbooked[单词团团转]
在这三个单词中选择一个词义合适的词，并用适当形式填空：
(book，order，reserve)
“I’d like to (1)______________ a table for 6 for 7 o’clock”Mike repeated on the phone，“All the tables (2)_________________________________”，he received the reply.“You should (3)____________ more tables before your service began！”Mike yelled angrily.reserve/bookhave been reserved/have been booked have ordered7As you wander through the streets，you see thousands of masks—elegant or frightening，sad or amusing，traditional or modern—but you have no idea what the faces behind them look like.
当你走在街上时，你会看到成千上万的面具——优雅的或是恐怖的，悲伤的或是欢乐
的，传统的或是现代的——但是你却不会知道面具后面是怎样的面孔。[品味经典]
①The children wandered in the woods.
孩子们在树林里漫步。
②She was wandering aimlessly up and down the road.
她在路上信步来回溜达。③The boys wandered around the town with nothing to do.
那些男孩无所事事，在镇上到处闲逛。
④Be careful not to wander from the subject.
注意不要偏离正题。[自我探究]
wander是不及物动词，意为“漫步，
闲逛”。
后面常接back to，through，___________，about，_________等一些__________。aroundfrom介词[牛刀小试]
With his mind ________，he didn’t catch even a single word of what the teacher was saying.
A．wondering
B．wandering
C．was wondering
D．was wandering解析：选B。句意：由于他心不在焉，老师说的话他一个字也没有听清。with要求后面跟复合宾语形式，wander“走神”。[单词团团转]
用wander，wonder的适当形式填空
I (1)___________ why the boy (2)_______________________ our settlement all the day，and even the police (3)________ at his strange behaviors，and questioned him.wonderedwonderedwas wandering/wandered 解析：(1)从questioned him可知该情节发生在过去，故用 wondered；(2)“那个男孩一直在小区周围闲逛”，时间“all the day”说明过去进行时was wandering为最佳选择。(3)“and questioned him”表明前后是并列谓语，也用过去时．8As time passed，however，the carnival period was extended，so that it began just after Christmas.
但是随着时间的推移，狂欢节的时间延长
了，这样一来，圣诞节一结束，它便开始
了。[品味经典]
①As time goes on，it’s getting warmer and warmer.
随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。
②As she grew older，she became lonelier.
随着年龄的增大，她越来越感到孤独。该时间状语从句也可以用with time passing替换。
③As time went by，his theory proved to be true.
＝With time going by，his theory proved to be true.
随着时间的推移，他的理论被证明是正确的。[自我探究]
句中as引导时间状语从句，表示“_______”的意思，表示主句和从句的谓语动词的动作_______发生。
该状语从句也可以用_____________________替换。随着同时with time passing[易混辨析]
when，while，as
三个连词都可以用来引导时间状语从句，侧重点有所不同。
(1)when用的最广，常可代替while和as。与while比较，when所引导的从句中，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的。as在这一点上和when相同，while所引导的从句中，动词只能是延续性的。(2)当两个表示时间延续的动作同时发生而又具有对比意味时，通常用while，意为“而”。如教材32页中的这句话：
(3)在表示“一边……一边……”或表述两个发展变化中的情况时，常用as。
此外，while还表示让步，通常位于句首，意为“尽
管；虽然”。
④While I agree with your reasons，I can’t allow it.
尽管我同意你的理由，但我不能允许这样做。[牛刀小试]
选用when，as，while填空
(1)当火灾发生时，所有的学生正在熟睡。
________ the fire broke out，all the students were sleeping soundly.When(2)随着年龄的增长，你会越来越了解自己。
________ you grow older，you will know better about yourself.
(3)爸爸在准备一个报告，而我在玩电子游戏。
Father was preparing a report ________ I was playing PC games.Aswhile单项填空
(4)—Are you ready for Spain?
—Yes，I want the girls to experience that ________ they are young.
A．while
B．until
C．if
D．before解析：选A。此题考查while的用法。while可以作“当……的时候，趁着……”讲，符合题意。答句句意：是的，趁着这些女孩年
轻，我想让她们去体验一次。而until直到……才；if如果，是否；before从前，在……之前的意思，都不合题意。(5)In some places women are expected to earn money ________ men work at home and raise their children.
A．but
B．while
C．because
D．though解析：选B。句意：在有些地方妇女出去工作挣钱，而男人则在家做家务带孩子。while在该题中表示对比，用作并列连词。while这个词是近几年考查的热点，除了表示对比，还可以表示让步、时间等。因此要注意归纳并掌握其用法。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件60张PPT。Section Ⅲ Listening，Everyday English and Function & Cultural CornerModule 4 Carnival1a food that consists of a tube of skin containing meat mixed with herbs
一种由肉和香料混合组成的管状食品[品味经典]
①The United Nations Organization consists of over 160 nations.
联合国组织由一百六十多个国家组成。
②Our class consists of 50 students.
＝Our class is made up of 50 students.
我们班是由50个学生组成的。[自我探究]
consist of(＝________________)意为“
__________________(表示由几部分组成一个整体)”，无_______语态及_________时态。be made up of由……组成被动进行③Happiness does not consist in how many possessions you own.
幸福不在于你拥有多少私人财产。
④The report does not consist with the fact.
那报道与事实不合。
⑤The beauty of Venice consists largely in the style of its ancient buildings.
威尼斯的美很大程度上在于它的古建筑物的风格。[易混辨析]
consist of，make up，be made up of
(1)consist of＝be made up of由……组成，不用于被动语态。相当于include的意思。
(2)make up组成……，占(比例)，为主动形
式，表示“部分组成一个整体”的意思。[牛刀小试]
用consist of，make up，be made up of填空
(1)这个俱乐部有200多位会员。
This club ____________ more than 200 members.
＝This club _________________________ more than 200 members.
＝More than 200 members ____________ this club.consists ofis made up ofmake up(2)妇女只占囚犯的很少部分。
Women ____________ only a small number of the prison population.make up2In fact，there aren’t any spectators—everybody who is here is part of the celebrations.
事实上，没有任何旁观者——这里的每个人都是庆祝活动的一部分。[品味经典]
①His birthday celebration went on all day.
他的生日庆祝活动持续了一整天。
②We held a celebration yesterday.
昨天我们举行了一场庆典。[自我探究]
celebration为可数名词，
意为“________________”，
表示对某一事件、节日的_________。庆典，庆祝庆贺[归纳拓展]
in celebration of为庆祝……
celebrate v.庆祝③A grand party was held in celebration of the 60th anniversary of our motherland.
为庆祝祖国成立六十周年，举办了盛大的晚会。
④Tom celebrated his 24th birthday two days ago.
两天前汤姆庆祝了他24岁生日。[易混辨析]
celebrate，congratulate
(1)celebrate指以行动来庆祝生日、节日等，一般指祝贺某件事情。
(2)congratulate指对个人经过努力获得成功的祝贺，以言语表达祝贺之意，一般是祝贺某人。结构为：congratulate sb.(on sth.)。Li Ming held a party to celebrate his admission to Tsinghua University，and his friends congratulated him on it.
李明举行了一个聚会庆祝被清华大学录取，他的朋友们都祝贺他。[牛刀小试]
用celebrate，congratulate的正确形式填空
(1)我们举行宴会来庆祝他的生日。
We ____________ his birthday with a party.
(2)她祝贺他获得成功。
She ________________ him on his success.celebratedcongratulated句型转换
(3)On October 1st all the Chinese people hold great parties in celebration of the birthday of New China.
→On October 1st all the Chinese people hold great parties _________________(celebrate) the birthday of New China.to celebrate3Calypso is great－it’s exciting and relaxing at the same time!
卡吕普索太棒了
——它能让你既兴奋又放松！[品味经典]
①I find stamp collecting is relaxing and it takes my mind off my work.
我觉得集邮是一种休息，因为它可以使我的注意力从工作中转移开来。
②We spent a relaxing evening together.
我们一起度过了一个轻松的夜晚。[自我探究]
relaxing是形容词，意为“______________；
使人懒洋洋的”，表示主语“________”的性质。令人放松的物[归纳拓展]
relax v.(使)放松
relaxed adj.放松的；轻松的；安静的，自在的(指地方)
relaxation n.放松；消遣③A holiday will help you relax after your exams.
考试之后放个假有助于缓解紧张情绪。
④These pills will relax you and make you sleep.
这些药丸对你有镇静和催眠的作用。
⑤He looks relaxed about the serious matter.
对于这个严重的事情，他看起来很轻松。
⑥Fishing is my favourite relaxation.
我最喜欢的消遣是钓鱼。[牛刀小试]
用relax，relaxed，relaxing，relaxation填空
(1)The talk went on in a ________atmosphere.
(2)We must not________in our efforts.
(3)I play golf for_________________.
(4)I am not used to the ________weather here.relaxedrelaxrelaxationrelaxing4This marked the beginning of the slave trade.
这标志着奴隶贸易的开始。
[品味经典]
①His new film marked a major advance in cinematic techniques.
他的新电影标志着电影技术的巨大进步。
②I have twenty essays to mark tonight.
今晚我有二十篇文章要评阅/批改。③Prices are marked on the goods.
价格标在商品上。
④Mark the furs with their place of origin.
为这些皮毛标上产地。[自我探究]
(1)mark在此为及物动词，意为____________后一般接名词(短语)作宾语，相当于make known或show。
(2)mark作动词，可以表示“标记、标上，在……留记号”。常用的形式是___________，或A be marked with B，表示“用B标记A”；也可以表示_________________________。标志(着)mark...on给……打分；批改……[归纳拓展]
mark还可以作名词，意为“记号；分数”等。
⑤Who made these dirty marks on my new book?
谁把我的新书弄上了这些污迹？
⑥Good manners are the mark of a civilized person.
彬彬有礼是文明人的特征。⑦He got a mark of 95 instead of 100.
他得了95分，而不是100分。
⑧On the day of the funeral，business remained closed as a mark of respect.
葬礼那天，各行业都停业以示敬意。[牛刀小试]
句型转换
When you read a book，you’d better make a mark where you have some questions.
→When you read a book，you’d better make a mark ________________________________you have some questions.in the place where解析：考查状语从句和定语从句之间的关
系。where引导地点状语从句，修饰谓语动词make a mark，地点状语从句可以置于句首，句中或句末。而定语从句的引导词要在从句中作句子成分，where在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于 in which；定语从句位置相对固
定。5...when the trade was finally stopped...
……当(奴隶)贸易停止的时候……
[品味经典]
①Developing foreign trade is very important for our country.
发展对外贸易对我们国家来说非常重要。
②China does a lot of trade with many countries.
中国和许多国家进行多方面的贸易。[自我探究]
trade在本句中作名词，
意为“贸易；买卖”。
“做生意”的短语为_______ trade with...。do[归纳拓展]
trade还可用作动词，意为“做生意；贸易；交换”等。
trade in...做……生意
trade with...与……做生意
trade...for...拿……换……③I traded my watch for a bike.
我用手表换了一辆自行车。
④They traded in coal and made a lot of money.
他们做煤炭生意，赚了很多钱。
⑤Salesmen traded the new products all over the country.
推销员们在全国各地推销这些新产品。⑥Britain built up her wealth by trading with other countries.
英国通过与其他国家做生意积累起本国的财富。6When the slave trade was abolished in 1838 the former slaves took over the carnival.
当1838年奴隶贸易被废除时，昔日的奴隶们沿袭了狂欢节这一风俗。[品味经典]
①The local people took over the old custom.
当地居民承袭了这一古老的风俗。
②When she fell ill her daughter took over the business from her.
她患病期间生意曾由她女儿代管。
③Will you take over the driving when we reach Madison?
等我们到达麦迪逊后，你来接着开车，好吗？[自我探究]
take over意为“_____________________”，其中over为副词。接管，接手，接替[归纳拓展]
take away拿走； 使(感情、感觉等)消失；减小；降低
take off脱掉衣服；飞机起飞；事业成功
take down拿下；写下
take...for...把……当作
take on雇佣；呈现
take up拿起；占空间；消耗时间；开始从
事；继续④These books must not be taken away from the library.
这些书不准带出图书馆。
⑤Sales of home computers have taken off in recent years.
家庭电脑的销售量近年来上升很快。⑥This table takes up too much room.
这张桌子太占地方。
⑦After being rebuilt，the old temple takes on a new look.
重修之后，古庙呈现出新貌。
⑧Anything you say may be taken down and used as evidence against you.
你说的每句话都可能被记录下来用作指控你的证据。[牛刀小试]
Who do you think will ________now that the general manager has resigned?
A．take over
B．take up
C．take in
D．take off解析：选A。考查短语动词辨析。句意：既然总经理已经辞职了，你认为谁将接任？take over接管；接任。7If possible，record yourself as you speak，and compare...
如果可能的话，把你自己的发音录下来，然后对照……[品味经典]
①I want to avoid the rush hour traffic if possible.
如果可能的话，我想避开交通高峰期。
②If (it is) necessary，you can refer to the dictionary.
如果必要的话，你可以查阅词典。③He may not be at home then.If so(＝If he is not at home)，leave him a note.
他那时可能不在家，如果这样的话，给他留张便条。
④Get up early tomorrow.If not(＝If you don’t get up early)，you will miss the first bus.
明天早点起床，如果不那样的话，你将会错过头班车。⑤I don’t suppose there will be more than a dozen left，if any.
我认为即使还有的话也不会超过十几个。[自我探究]
(1)if possible表示“________________”，它实际上是一个省略句，
等于_____________________。
(2)当从句中的主语是_____，谓语动词中又含有系动词________时，有时把it和be省略。如果可能的话If it is (was) possibleitbe[牛刀小试]
—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?
—Yes.________，I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.
A．If ever
B．If busy
C．If anything
D．If possible解析：选D。句意：“对于即将到来的假期你有什么特别的计划吗？”“有。如果可能
的话，我打算去拜访一下城市里的一些敬老院。”8...they painted their faces white，imitating their masters and making fun of them.
……他们把脸涂白，模仿他们的主人来取笑他们。[品味经典]
①A few minutes later everybody is quiet，listening and thinking about the comedians’ words.
过了几分钟，大家都静下来，听着这个喜剧演员的台词陷入沉思。②Many people come to theme parks looking for thrills and entertainment.
许多人来到主题公园寻求刺激和娱乐。
③The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks，adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.
来访的部长对他的会谈表示满意，补充说他在这里很愉快。[自我探究]
本句中imitating their masters and making fun of them为v.-ing形式做___________。伴随状语的动作一般和谓语动词的动作________发生。伴随状语同时[归纳拓展]
并列谓语表示几个并列的动作连贯发生，没有主次。
这时动词的形式要一致。④On Saturday afternoon，Mrs.Green went to the market，bought some bananas and visited her cousin.
星期六下午，格林太太到市场买了些香蕉，然后又看望了她表弟。
⑤She set out soon after dark and arrived home an hour later.
天一黑她就动身了并在一小时后到家。[牛刀小试]
语法填空
Realizing I would be late，I quickly dressed my son and，______________ my bag，went to work.carrying解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句式结构可
知，and连接的是两个并列谓语动词dressed和went，而carrying my bag在句中作状语。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件43张PPT。Section Ⅳ Grammar & WritingModule 4 Carnival[品味经典]
1．His bag _____________yesterday.
2．Enough ___________________about this question.
3．A new hospital ______________in our city.
4．My bike __________________by Tom now.was stolen has been saidwill be builtis being repaired[自我探究]
上面几句话的谓语都使用了________语态。
构成形式为“_________________”，_____的变化构成各种时态的被动语态。被动be＋过去分词be一、英语的及物动词有两种语态
主动语态和被动语态。主动语态中主语是谓语动词的执行者；被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者。被动语态由助动词be＋动词的过去分词构成。助动词be随主语有人称、数和时态变化。被动语态的各种时态形式二、用法
1．不知道动作的执行者，或没必要说出或不愿或不便说出动作的执行者时。
The window hasn’t been cleaned for weeks.
窗户已有数星期没擦了。
You are wished to do it more carefully.
希望你做的更仔细些。2．强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身时。
All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home.
鼓励除了经理外所有的雇员在家里上网工作。
3．当动作的执行者不是人时。
The children were all shocked by the death of their mother.
听到妈妈的死讯孩子们都震惊了。三、被动语态的特殊形式
1．含有情态动词的被动结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
He must be prevented from going.
必须阻止他去。
2．get＋过去分词为被动语态的变化形式，强调结果。
She got hurt last week.她上星期受伤了。
3．双宾语结构用于被动语态时，通常将间接宾语变为主语。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
→He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.4．使役动词have，make，let以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe
等在主动语态中后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补；在被动语态中后跟带to的动词不定式。
(可简单记为：make，let与have，感官动词help，动词原形作宾补，被动语态要加to)
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.→A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
四、主动形式表被动意义
1．当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等系
动词后面接形容词时；当cut，read，sell，wear，cook，shut，dry，drink，wash等表示某种性质时且带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。例如：The fish smells good.鱼闻起来很香。
The book written by that famous writer is selling very well.那位作家写的书很畅销。
Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来很柔软。
These cups clean easily.这些杯子很容易洗。2．下面的短语经常使用主动语态：
come out，come into being，go off，
run out，give out，give in，belong to，happen，come true。
3．want，require，need，worth后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：
These flowers want/require/need watering.
这些花需要浇水。These books are worth reading.
这些书值得读。
4．在“be＋adj.＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动表被动。例如：
This apple isn’t fit to eat.这个苹果不能吃。Ⅰ.用动词的适当形式填空
1．Something____________(smell)burnt.Look around to see if anything_________________(burn)right now.
2．This invention____________(make)two thousand years ago，but it____________still widely____________(use)all over the world.smellsis being burntwas madeisbeing used3．Everything___________________(prepare)
for Tom’s birthday party up till now and the birthday cake____________________(order)
for him.has been preparedhas been ordered4．A new cinema_________________(build)here.They hope to get it____________(finish)next month.
5．I____________(give)ten minutes to decide whether I should reject his offer.
is being builtfinishedwas givenⅡ.句型转换
1．I made my little brother a model ship last week.
A model ship______________my little brother________me last week.was made forby2．We often hear her sing beautiful songs in the next room.
She________often________________sing beautiful songs in the next room.
3．Did he often help the old granny do the housework?
________the old granny often________________do the housework?isheard toWashelped to4．A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.
My wallet________________drop________a girl when she passed by.
5．You should correct your mistakes right now.
Your mistakes_____________________right now.should be correctedwas seen tobyⅢ.语法填空
I went home，with the schoolbag 1.________(carry) in my arm，for the belt og the bag 2._______________(break)．Feeling 3._____________(embarrass)，I hurried into my 4.________(light) room.To get 5.________(relax)，I turned on radio，listening to music.Nothing could be better than music!carriedwas brokenembarrassedlitrelaxed写作要求
你的外国朋友John对中国的节日很感兴趣，请你根据要点以王朋的名义发一封e?mail向他介绍一下你最喜欢的传统节日——春节。【要点提示】
春节是中国的传统节日，是农历新年的开
始。春节一般在一月和二月之间。
我们在春节可以聚在一起，谈论生活、工作等。我们可以品尝到美味的食品等。
注意：1.文章应写成一篇连贯的短文；
2．可以适当增减细节；
3．词数：120左右；
4．注意格式和习惯用语。写作要点
1．传统节日 __________________________
2．聚在一起 ___________________________
3．谈论我们的生活、工作等
______________________________________
4．做美食 ___________________________a traditional festivalget togethertalk about our lives，work and so onprepare delicious food句式结构
1．春节是在农历新年的第一天被庆祝的， 一般在一月和二月之间。
_________________________ of a new year according to the lunar calendar.____________________________ January and February.It is celebrated on the first dayIt always comes between2．我们会高兴地聚在一起谈论工作、生活
等。(使用分词结构)
We are all very happy to have the chance_______________________________ our lives，work and so on.of getting together and talking about3．我父母在除夕会做美食，我们全家会聚在一起，吃水饺等各种各样的食物并且一起观看电视。(使用并列结构)
My parents will prepare delicious food for us on the new year’s eve.The whole family will ____________，_______________________
______________________________________.eat dumplings and
all kinds of food，and also watch TVsit together连句成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
佳作欣赏
Dear John，
Spring Festival is a traditional festival of our country，and it is also one of the most important ones.It is celebrated on the first day of a new year according to the lunar calendar.It always comes between January and February.We usually have five or six days’ “holiday”．So the family members always come back home to spend it together.Every year in the Spring Festival，my sisters and brothers come back with their children.We are all very happy to have the chance of getting together and talking about our lives，work and so on.My parents will prepare delicious food for us on the new year’s eve.The whole family will sit together，eat dumplings and all kinds of food，and also watch TV.
Spring Festival lasts about 15 days and people can have a good time.
Yours，
Wang Peng类文点津
本文是电子邮件，其格式和书信基本相同，但不那么严格。一般有称呼，正文和结尾三部分。本文的正文部分是说明文，注意说明要有层次，要条理清楚。课时活页Many countries have a traditional ① carnival,_which isn’t a Christian festival. Today，carnival is an international multicultural experience. Most carnivals fall in February or March. The ②origins of carnivals are ancient. It dates back to Europe in the Middle Age. The most famous carnival in Europe is in Venice, where people can wear different costumes and ③masks，dress themselves up as anyone，even ghost.They use masks and costumes to hide their real identities，pretend to be rich or poor men and do whatever they want to in the confusion. At the beginning，carnival in Venice only lasted for one day, later it was ④extended. This year, it lasted 10 days. Because someone did bad things, carnival was banned and became just a memory for many people. Carnival wasn’t revived until the late of 1970s by some students. The town council wanted to attract visitors to develop its business and ⑤trade，so carnival was developed again. Every year，large numbers of visitors come to Venice to take part in the great parade. If you want to go there，you must ⑥book the hotel in advance. Wandering through the crowded streets，you can enjoy the mystery of the mask and feel very relaxed. It’s said (that) the masks have miraculous ⑦magic.But do you know what carnival means? It’s said that to develop the New World—America, millions of Africans were transported to work on farms and ⑧plantations. At the same time their cultures and festivals were also imported. In 1838，the slave trade was abolished and the former slaves celebrated the carnival with their former masters，so carnival became a celebration of freedom. Now, carnival has become a way to unite different 10communities.许多国家都有一个传统的
狂欢节，它不是一个基督教的节日。今天，狂欢节是一个国际性的多文化的体现。大多数狂欢节在2、3月份。它的起源很古老，可以追溯到中世纪的欧洲，欧洲的最著名的狂欢节在威尼斯，人们可以穿着不同的化装
服，戴着不同的面具，把自己化装成任何
人，甚至是鬼。他们用化装服和面具掩盖他们的真实身份，假装是穷人或富人，趁着混乱做他们想做的任何事情。起初，威尼斯的狂欢节只持续一天，后来被延长了。今年的狂欢节是10天。因为有人做坏事，
狂欢节曾被禁止过，而它也成了很多人的回忆。直到20世纪70年代末狂欢节才由一些学生复兴。市地方议会想吸引游客来发展它的商业和贸易，于是狂欢节又被发展起来了。每年，大量的游客来到威尼斯参加盛大的
游行。如果你想去的话，你必须提前预订旅馆。漫步在拥挤的街道上，你可以享受面具的神秘，感到很轻松。据说面具具有神奇的魔力。
但你知道狂欢节的含义吗？据说为了开发新大陆——美国，数百万的非洲人被运来在农场和庄园里工作。同时，他们的文化和节日也被引进美
国。1838年，当奴隶贸易被废除后，以前的奴隶和他们以前的主人们一起狂欢，因此狂欢节成了一个庆祝自由的庆典。现在，狂欢节已经成为联合不同社区团体的方式。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件8张PPT。教材背景链接西方节日以其浪漫的氛围和丰富多样的庆祝活动，得到了我国大多数年轻人的喜爱和推崇。
?Some Western Festivals
??Valentine’s Day, February 14
情人节
Candy, flowers and other tokens(标志) of affection are exchanged on this day, in honor of two martyrs, both named St. Valentine.Module 4 Carnival?April Fool’s Day, April 1 愚人节
Franksters feel that it is permissible to play all sorts of tricks on this day.
?Mother’s Day 母亲节
The second Sunday in May, set aside to honor mothers.
?Father’s Day 父亲节
The third Sunday in June, set aside to honor fathers.
?Halloween, October 31 万圣节A special day for making merry, wearing costumes and playing old-fashioned games. A favorite with children.
?Easter Sunday 复活节
The first Sunday after the first Monday in November for the election of public officials. This holiday is observed in most states.
?Thanksgiving Day 感恩节Generally the fourh Thursday in November, set aside for national thanksgiving, especially for our democratic form of government. It is a legal holiday in all states.
?Labor’s Day 劳动节
The first Monday in September. Set aside to honor labor, it is a legal holiday in all states.?Christmas Day, December 25 圣诞节
This is both a legal and religious holiday. It observes the anniversary of the birth of Jesus. All states and all those of the Christian faith celebrate this holiday.新课导入
似乎是在不经意间，我们把自己变成了一个原地打转的陀螺，日复一日，忙碌而乏味地生活。节日的到来，往往像一颗小石子掷入本已死寂的心湖，掀起层层涟漪。如果你期待度过一段真正刺激的时光，如果你希望感受世界各地最奇特的民俗民风，你一定不能错过下列这些西方最重要的节日。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件23张PPT。Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary——Warming UpModule 5 The Great Sports Personality?Step One：Words and Phrases
Ⅰ.词汇知识
1．____________ (n.) 田径运动
2．_______ (n.) 球拍；球棒
3．____________ (n.) 跑道
4．____________ (n.) 运动鞋；教练员athleticsbattracktrainer5．_________ (vi.) 退休
6．_________________ (vi.) 表现
7．____________ (n.) 商标；牌子
8．advantage (n.)________________
9．designer (n.)_______________
10．gymnast (n.)_________________retireperformbrand优势；长处设计师体操运动员Ⅱ.重点短语
1．________ athletics 做田径运动
2．as ________as (除……之外)又，
不但……而且
3．___________ a list of 列……的清单
4．be ______________to do 下定决心要做dowellmakedetermined5．_____________the market (商品)上市，开始被出售
6．________ the increase 正在增加
7．have an advantage ________比……有优势
8．__________ ten seconds 每10秒钟
9．____________ money 赚钱
10．____________an ambition 实现志向come ontoonovereverymakeachieve?Step Two：Fast Reading
Ⅰ.Read the text and answer the following questions.
Li Ning was called the prince of gymnasts. When he retired at the age of 26, he had won 106 gold medals in major competitions across the world. To know more about his sports life and the life after his retirement, please read the text and then find answers to the following questions.1．Why do you think he was successful as a sportsman?
答案：_________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.He was called the prince of gymnasts as he had won many prizes and he was believed one of the greatest sportsmen in the 20th century2．Why did he retire after the 1988 Seoul Olympics?
答案：________________________________
_______________________________________.Because he was disappointed at his bad
performance and he had a feeling of failure3．How many parts can we divide the passage into? And what’s the main idea of each part?
答案：________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Three arts.
①(Paragraph 1) Li Ning’s success in his sports life.
②(Paragraphs 2～4) Li Ning’s success as a businessman.
③(Paragraph 5) Li Ning’s goal after his retirement.Ⅱ.Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．He was called the prince of gymnasts mainly because _______.
A．he had won 106 medals in major world competitions
B．he was as famous as footballer Pele
C．he was the best gymnast all over the world
D．he was fond of gymnastics and saw it as his lifeC2．Why didn’t Li Ning feel happy although being listed together with Ali and Pele as one of the greatest sportsmen of the 20th century?___
A．He was retired at an early age—26.
B．He hadn’t won everything that was possible to win in his sport.
C．He retired with the feeling that he had failed.
D．He had not performed well in the 1988 Seoul Olympics.D3．When he retired, he decided to launch a new brand of sportswear to ________.
A．compete with global giants
B．tell the world that he was able though retired
C．make money to live a better life
D．make money for opening a school for gymnastsD4．What is TRUE about Li Ning’s slogan “anything is possible”？________
A．The retirement of a sportsman is not the finish of his life or career.
B．If you are willing to, you also can be a successful man like Li Ning.
C．We can succeed in anything if we are determined enough.
D．We are living in such a changeable world that nothing is impossible to happen.C5.From the last paragraph, we can infer ________.
A．Li Ning’s goal wasn’t to make money
B．Li Ning would open a school
C．Pele and Muhammad Ali worked in the United Nations
D．Li Ning can be regarded as a great sportsmanD?Step Three：Careful Reading
Read the text again and fill in the blanks.sixthreeperformed retirementlaunchmarketnational internationallydreamachieve?Step Four：Consolidation
Li Ning, known as the prince of 1._________, 2.____________ at 26 with 106 gold medals in major 3.______________ across the world. But he was disappointed because he hadn’t 4._________________ well in the 1988 Seoul Olympics. gymnastsretiredcompetitionsperformedA year after his retirement, Li Ning decided to launch a new brand of 5.______________, competing with global giants like Nike and Adidas. Furthermore, he chose his own name as the 6.____________ mark. He became a businessman. In just a few years, Li Ning 7.___________ more than 50% of the national market. sportswearbrandwonNow his company has also grown internationally. In 8.___________, he has opened a school for gymnasts to help young people to 9.________________ their dreams. additionachieve/realiseFor him, the work of great sportsman doesn’t 10.__________ when he retires from the sport. It just starts.finish?Step Five：Discussion
What should we learn from the famous sportsman?
答案：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________We should learn from the famous sportsman. never giving up?loving the country/overcoming any difficulty for the dream/having a strong wish for the future本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件73张PPT。Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary－Language StudyModule 5 The Great Sports Personality1When he retired at the age of 26，he had won 106 gold medals in major competitions across the world.
当他26岁退役的时候，他已经在世界范围内的大型比赛中获得了106枚金牌。[品味经典]
①He retired when he was 65.他65岁时退休了。
②After retiring from the army it took William a long time to adjust to civilian life.
从军队退役后，威廉花了很长时间才适应平民的生活。
③The boxer retired from the contest with eye injuries.
该拳击手因眼部受伤而退出比赛。[自我探究]
句中的retire是____________动词，表示“退休，退役，退职，退出”等意思。常见的短语为___________________从……退役/退休。不及物retire from[归纳拓展]
retirement n.退休；退役
retired adj.退休的
retirement age 退休年龄④Both my parents are retired now.
我父母现在都退休了。
⑤There have been several retirements in my office recently.
最近我办公室里有几个人退休了。
⑥She took to painting after retirement.
她退休后爱上绘画。[牛刀小试]
I couldn’t stand the pressure of the young.I decided that I ________ early.
A．am going to retire
B．was going to retire
C．have retired
D．had retired解析：选B。考查时态。句意为：“我无法承受年轻人的压力，我决定要早点退休。”2He was disappointed because he had not performed well in the 1988 Seoul Olympics.
他感到很失望，因为他在1988年的首尔奥运会上表现得不好。[品味经典]
①Our team performed well in the match yesterday.
我们队在昨天的比赛中表现得很出色。
②They always perform their duties faithfully.
他们总是忠实地履行自己的职责。③The students will perform an opera next Friday.
这些学生下星期五将演出歌剧。
④The young doctor performed the heart operation.
这位年轻医生为病人做了心脏手术。
⑤She performs an important role in our organization.
她在我们的组织中担任重要角色。[自我探究]
perform在本句中为____________动词，
意为“____________”，还可以用作及物动词，有“表演，做，执行，实行”等意思。不及物表现[归纳拓展] perform well/badly表现得好/差
performance n.表演，演出；履行，执行；表现
give/put on a performance 演出
performer n.表演者[牛刀小试]
We went to Oxford to travel and Dorothy ________as our guide.
A．played
B．showed
C．acted
D．performed
解析：选C。考查动词辨析。act as的意思为“充当；担任”。3The number of young people with money to spend was on the increase—and sport had never been so popular.
有钱消费的年轻人的数量在增加，而体育也得到前所未有的普及。[品味经典]
①The people who own private cars are on the increase.
拥有私家车的人不断增加。
②The number of the burglaries in the area seems to be on the increase.
这个地区的盗窃案件似乎在增加。[自我探究]
on the increase是介词短语，
意为“____________”，相当于be increasing，注意increase前定冠词的使用。______________在这个结构中表示“在……情况下；处于……状态中”。在增加中on[归纳拓展]
(1)on构成的类似短语
on duty值班；值日 on leave在休假
on strike在罢工 on guard在值勤
on show在展出 on business因公，在出差
on sale在销售中 on a visit to...对……访问中③These teachers are on leave.
这些老师在休假。
④He went to Beijing on business.
他到北京出差去了。⑤With the production increased by 60%，our factory is sure to have another harvest year.
生产量提高了60%，今年对我们工厂来说一定又是一个盈利的年头。
⑥Our coal output has increased to 6 million tons this year.
我们今年的煤产量增长到了600万吨。[牛刀小试]
If their marketing plans succeed，they ________ their sales by 20 percent.
A．will increase
B．have been increasing
C．have increased
D．would be increasing解析：选A。句意：要是他们的市场计划成功了，他们将增加20%的销售额。从句是一般现在时表将来，主句常用一般将来时或情态动词can/may＋动词原形。如：If we get up early tomorrow morning，we may/can see the sunrise.4Li Ning’s designs were attractive，and they had a major advantage over their better?known rivals－they were cheaper.
李宁的设计很吸引人，和他们的比较著名的竞争对手相比他们最主要的优势是价格便宜。[品味经典]
①Studying English has many advantages.
学习英语有许多好处。
②For certain types of work wood has advantages over plastic.
对于某些类型的制品来讲，木头要强于塑料。③She’s got the job because she had the advantages over others of knowing many languages.
因为她有(别人所没有的)懂多种语言的长处，所以获得了这份工作。[自我探究]
advantage为________名词，
意为“_____________________”。短语have an advantage ___________意为“胜过……；比……有优势”。可数长处，优势over[归纳拓展]
反义词：disadvantage n. 缺点；不足
take advantage of sb.(不公正地)利用某人，占某人的便宜
take advantage of sth.(巧妙地)利用某物
have the advantage of有……的优点
be/work to one’s advantage对……有利
(be)at an advantage占优势④It is a disadvantage not to be able to drive a car.
不会开汽车是不方便的。
⑤He has the advantage of a good education.
他有受过良好教育的优点。
⑥Don’t lend them the car—they’re taking advantage of you!
不要把汽车借给他们——他们在利用你！⑦Peter took advantage of his visit to Paris to improve his French.
彼得利用访问巴黎之机提高法语。
⑧The agreement works to our advantage.
协议对我们有利。[牛刀小试]
“Lucy，please remember ‘Being able to speak English fluently is a great________when you’re looking for a job’”，Mother said.
A．importance
B．assistant
C．advantage
D．chance解析：选C。语境意为“找工作时，会说流利的英语是一大优势”。5Success for Li Ning was guaranteed，and it came quickly.
李宁的成功得到了保证，并且很快实现了。[品味经典]
①Perfect satisfaction is guaranteed to our customers.
保证我们的顾客完全满意。
②I can guarantee it’s true—I saw it myself.
我能保证那是真的——我亲眼看见的。③We guarantee to deliver within a week.
我们保证一周内送到。
④The medicine will guarantee you from/against heart attack.
这种药保证你不得心脏病。[自我探究]
guarantee为_____动词，意为“_______”。
guarantee sb.sth./guarantee sth.to sb.保证某人某物；guarantee sb./sth.__________...保证某人/某物做……；guarantee to do sth.保证做某事；guarantee sb.___________________...保证某人[免于损害、危险等]；guarantee that...保证……。及物保证to doagainst/from[归纳拓展] guarantee还可以用作名词，意为“保证，保证书；保修期；担保；抵押品”。
have a guarantee for.../There is a guarantee on...对……保修
There’s no guarantee that/of无法保证……
as a guarantee作为担保
be under guarantee在保修期内⑤There is no guarantee that we will succeed.
不能保证我们会成功。
⑥You are required to put up your house as a guarantee.
你需要提供房子作为担保。
⑦The TV set has a year’s guarantee and it’s still under guarantee.
这台电视机有一年的保修期，并且现在还在保修期内。[易混辨析]
ensure，guarantee，promise
这三个动词都有“保证”之意。
(1)ensure侧重使人相信某个行为或力量产生的结果。
(2)guarantee指对事物的品质或人的行为及履行义务等承担责任的保证。
(3)promise侧重表达自己的主观意向，设法用语言使人感到稳当可靠。[牛刀小试]
选用ensure，guarantee，promise的正确形式填空
(1)他们保证会尊重我们的隐私。
They _____________/______________ that they would respect our privacy.promised guaranteed(2)休息好将保证你能更快恢复。
A good sleep will ________ your quicker recovery.
(3)这种保险可以保证你在遇到火灾时免受损失。
This insurance _________________ you against loss in case of fire.ensureguarantees单项填空
(4)Can you________me a job when I get there? You know，I have to work in order to pay for my schooling.
A．apply
B．arrange
C．provide
D．guarantee解析：选D。句意为“我到那里时你能保证给我份工作吗？你知道的，我得工作挣钱付学费”。guarantee sb.sth.保证某人得到某物。apply申请，适用；arrange安排，准备；provide提供，用于provide sth.for sb.或provide sb.with sth.句型。[单词团团转]
选用ensure，guarantee，promise的正确形式填空
I (1)_______________ to help you though nobody (2)_______________ your success in the test，and I really (3)_______________ my presence in case of your trouble.promiseensuresguarantee6a symbol which represents a particular brand
代表一个特定品牌的标识
[品味经典]
①Rose is a symbol of love.玫瑰是爱的象征。
②We use X as the symbol for an unknown quantity.
我们用X表示一个未知数。[自我探究]
symbol是名词，
意为“________；___________”。符号象征[易混辨析]
symbol，sign，mark
(1)symbol表示象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。
(2)sign指人们公认的事物的记号，也指某种情况的征兆。
(3)mark指为了方便辨认而有意做的标记，也指自然形成的标记。[牛刀小试]
用symbol，sign，mark填空
(1)他用铅笔做记号。
He made ________ with a pencil.
(2)告示牌上写着“禁止停车”。
The ________ says “Parking Forbidden”．
(3)鸽子象征着和平。
The dove is a ________ of peace.markssignsymbol单项填空
(4)Many people like white as a color as it is a ________of purity.
A．symbol
B．sign
C．signal
D．symptom
解析：选A。句意为“许多人喜欢白色，因为它是纯洁的象征。”7But even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport，Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed.
但即使是他已经赢得了在自己运动项目上所能赢得的一切，李宁还是带着一种失败的感觉退了役。[品味经典]
①I’ll get there even though I have to walk.
我就是走也要走到那里去。
②Even though you disagree with her，she’s worth listening to.
尽管你不同意她的意见，但她的意见还是值得听一听。③He won’t go to the cinema even if he has nothing else to do.
即使没有其他事要做，他也不会去电影院。[自我探究]
even though/even if可以引导____________从句，意为“纵使；即使……也”，可以放在句首，也可以放在句中或句末。引导的状语从句中，用__________________表示将来。让步状语一般现在时[牛刀小试]
(1)(2011年陕西咸阳中学高二测试)Allow children the space to voice their opinions，________ they are different from your own.
A．until
B．even if
C．unless
D．as though解析：选B。句意为“给予孩子们足够的空间提意见，即使他们的不同于你自己的”，故选B。(2)Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice，________ they knew it to be valuable.
A．as if
B．now that
C．even though
D．so that解析：选C。考查状语从句。as if“犹如，好像”；now that“由于……，既然……”；even though“即使，纵然”；so that“为的是，以便”；结合句意，应选C。8But it was this sense of failure that made him determined to succeed in his new life.
但就是这种失败感使他决心在他的新的生活中取得成功。[品味经典]
①It was the meal that Jane paid for yesterday.
简昨天付的是饭钱。
②It was yesterday that Jane paid for the meal.
简是昨天付的饭钱。③Was it when you finished your work that you went home?
是不是在你完成工作时才回家的？
④It was not until she got home that Mary realized she had lost her keys.
玛丽到了家才意识到她的钥匙丢了。⑤I just wonder what it is that makes him so excited.
我纳闷的是到底是什么使他这么兴奋。
⑥When was it that she left your home?
她究竟是什么时间离开你家的？
[自我探究]
本句为强调句型，是对主语this sense of failure的强调。其常见句式为：___________＋被强调部分＋______________＋其余部分。It is/wasthat/who(1)强调句的一般疑问句形式为“___________
...that/who＋其余部分？”；强调句的特殊疑问句形式为“__________________＋is/was it that/who＋其余部分？”Is/Was it特殊疑问词(2)强调含有not...until结构的时间状语时，结构为：It was/ is ________________________。
(3)区别强调句型和其他句式结构(如：定语从句或状语从句)的方法是：如果去掉It was/ is和that后，句子仍然完整、正确，
则是_______________。not until...that...强调句型[语法一条线]
Jack suffered a lot that.It was not until he came back (1)________ Jack found his house had been broken into.Worse still，the money (2)________________ he had saved for his son was gone.He called the police，saying that the deposit book (3)_______________ owner was his wife was also missing.thatthat/whichwhose解析：(1)that为强调句。(2)that/which定语从句。(3)whose，定语从句。9Whenever Chinese athletes step out onto the track during the 2008 Olympics，they will be wearing Li Ning tracksuits.
2008年奥运会时，中国运动员将身穿李宁牌运动服步入奥运会会场。[品味经典]
①Whenever I am in trouble，he offers to help.
无论我何时有困难，他总是主动帮助。
②Whenever we met with difficulties，they came to help us.
每当我们遇上困难的时候，他们就来帮我们。③Come to see me whenever you like.
无论何时你高兴就可以来看我。
④Whenever can I find the time to enjoy a long journey?
究竟何时我才能找出时间享受长途旅行呢？[自我探究]
whenever用来引导____________从句。表示“无论何时”的意思，
相当于____________________。whenever还可以表示“……的时候；每次”和“究竟何时”的意思。when用来引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”或引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语。而whenever“无论何时”引导的是让步状语从句。让步状语no matter when[牛刀小试]
句型转换
(1)Whenever we gave her something to eat，she would save it up for her little brother.
→____________________ we gave her something to eat，she would save it up for her little brother.
(2)No matter what his son wants，he tries to gave it to him.
→He tries to give to him _____________ his son wants.No matter whenwhatever本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件54张PPT。Section Ⅲ Listening，Everyday English，Function
and Speaking & Cultural CornerModule 5 The Great Sports Personality1How many goals did Pele score in his first World Cup?
贝利在第一次参加世界杯时进了几个球？[品味经典]
①The home team has yet to score.
主队还没有得分。
②I believe we can score at least 5 goals in this match.
我相信我们在这场比赛中至少能进5个球。
③Mary scored the highest marks in the exam.
玛丽考试中得了个最高分。[自我探究]
score既可用作_____动词，也可用作_______动词，意为________。
score还可用作名词，意为得分；________。及物不及物得分二十[归纳拓展]
数词＋score＋of...表示具体数量(几个二十)
scores of...大量，许多④What is the score now?
现在分数是多少？
⑤He told me 2 score of old people died of the disease in the country.
他告诉我这个国家有40名老年人死于这种疾病。
⑥He’s been to Hong Kong scores of times.
他曾多次去过香港。[牛刀小试]
(1)On May 30,2010，at________World Table Tennis Championship，Chinese Men Team won the gold medal with________score of 3∶1.
A．a；a
B．/；the
C．a；/
D．the；a解析：选D。World Table Tennis Championship为普通名词构成的专有名词，其前应加定冠词the；score作为可数名词在此处为第一次出现，其前加不定冠词a。(2)Last night a big earthquake broke out in this area，and________people were killed.
A．a large amount of
B．a great deal of
C．a good many of
D．scores of解析：选D。A和B项后面跟不可数名词；C项中不使用介词of。2As the leader comes into the stadium to run the last few metres of the 42?kilometre race，the crowd rises to its feet to shout and cheer.
每当领先的运动员进入体育馆来跑那全程42公里的最后几米时，全场观众都会站起来向他欢呼喝彩。[品味经典]
①Rise to your feet when the visitor comes in.
来宾进来时请大家站起来。
②When I came in，he saw me and rose to his feet to greet me.
我进来时，他看到了我，站起来和我打招呼。[自我探究]
rise to one’s feet“_________________”，也可以说get to one’s feet/stand up。站起来，站起身[归纳拓展]
fight/struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来
jump to one’s feet＝jump up蹦起来
stand on one’s own feet独立自主
on one’s feet站立着；恢复
on foot步行
set foot on进入；踏上③She struggled to her feet and set off after him.
她挣扎着站起来，在他走后动身了。
④He jumped to his feet as the boss came in.
老板一进来他立刻站了起来。
⑤She’s never learned to stand on her own feet.
她从没有学会独立自主。
⑥Do you know who is the first man to set foot on the moon?
你知道第一个登上月球的是谁吗？[牛刀小试]
The old man slowly ________ to his feet and left the meeting room.
A．raised
B．rose
C．lifted
D．stood
解析：选B。句意：那位老人慢慢站起来，离开了会议室。根据短语rise to one’s feet“站起身来”可得出答案。3What qualities do you need to be a great sportsman or sportswoman?
成为一名伟大的运动员需要具备什么样的品质？[品味经典]
①Quality often matters more than quantity.
质量往往比数量更重要。
②Modesty is one of his good qualities.
谦虚是他的美德之一。
③Anyhow，my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.
不管怎样，我的目标是给人类提供高质量的生活。[自我探究]
(1)quality相对应的是_____________ (数量)。
(2)quality作为“特点；品质”讲时，为_____名词；作为“质量”讲时，为_______名词。
(3)常见短语：of high quality“________”。quantity可数不可数高质量④A large quantity of flowers has been planted to beautify our environment.
为了美化环境，种植了大量的花。
⑤Quantities of books have been donated to the children in the poor area.
人们为贫困地区的孩子捐了很多书。[牛刀小试]
The government has supplied food and clothes of high ________ to the people in the disaster-hit areas.
A．quality
B．expense
C．quantity
D．value解析：选A。此处强调的是质量而非数量，故用quality。expense花费，开支；
quantity数量；value价值。4Officials picked him up and helped him to the finishing line，just as the second runner，an American，entered the stadium.
官员们把他扶起来，并帮他冲向终点线，同时第二名的美国选手也进入了体育场。[品味经典]
①They failed to pick up the drunken man.
他们没有能把这个醉酒的人扶起来。
②The boy fell down on the floor，but he soon picked himself up.
那个男孩儿在地板上摔倒了，但他很快自己就爬起来了。[自我探究]
动词短语pick up在此为________动词，表示“__________________；(自己)________”。当人称代词或反身代词作宾语时，代词要位于pick和up____________。及物把某人扶起来之间站起来[归纳拓展]
pick up还有更多的意思如：
(1)捡起
(2)增加，加快速度
(3)收听、接收(信号、声音、图像)
(4)(车、船)在途中搭人
(5)(无意中)学会、听到
(6)恢复健康，好转③Pick it up right now.
马上把它捡起来。
④We are picking up speed to develop our economy.
我们正加速发展经济。
⑤My radio can pick up BBC.
我的收音机可收听英国广播公司的节目。
⑥My mother used to pick me up from school at 6∶30.
我妈妈过去常常在6∶30开车到学校来接我。⑦When I was studying in Canada，I picked up some French.
在加拿大学习期间，我学了一些法语。
⑧Last month he was ill，but now he has picked up.
上月他病了，现在恢复健康了。
⑨Trade usually picks up in the spring.
贸易一般在春天回升。[牛刀小试]
With proper measures，the economy in China is beginning to ________ again.
A．rise up
B．hold on
C．pick up
D．take on解析：选C。考查动词词组辨析。句意：随着正确措施的实施，中国的经济开始好转。pick up此处意为“好转，改善”。5The Americans protested and in the end the American runner was declared the winner.
美国人提出抗议，最终那位美国选手被宣布获胜。[品味经典]
①Premier Wen Jiabao declared the 16th Asian Games open.
温家宝总理宣布16届亚运会开幕。
②He declared that he would never go back on his words.
他宣称他绝不食言。③They declared against building a new bridge.
他们声称反对修建新桥。[自我探究]
declare为_______动词，可接名词或that从句作宾语，意为“_________”，表示官方的，公开地宣布。declare against/for宣布反对/赞成……。及物宣布[归纳拓展]
declare war on...向……宣战
declare还有“申报”的意思。④You must declare your camera at the Customs.
你必须在海关申报你带了照相机。
⑤The Customs asked me if I had anything to declare.
海关人员问我是否有要报税的东西。[易混辨析]
announce，declare，publish
(1)announce多指首次宣布大家感兴趣或可满足大家好奇心的事情。表示“让别人知道”的意思。
(2)declare侧重于正式地、官方地、清楚明白地宣布某事。
(3)publish指在媒体上发表某个消息。[牛刀小试]
选用announce，declare，publish填空
(1)这个消息通过电视向公众公布。
The news was _______________ to the public on TV.announced(2)谁来宣布奥运会开幕？
Who will ________ the Olympic Games open?
(3)今天的报纸发表了这个消息。
Today’s newspaper ________ this news.declarepublished单项填空
(4)The moment the 28th Olympic Games ________open，the whole world cheered.
A．declared
B．have been declared
C．have declared
D．were declared解析：选D。考查时态与语态的用法。句意：第28届奥运会一宣布开幕，整个世界都在欢呼。句中的the moment用作时间状语从句的连接副词，主句用一般过去时，从句也是过去的时态；又因为奥运会是宣布这一动作的承受者，故用were declared。6So what？那有什么了不起？那又怎样？
[品味经典]
①He’s fifteen years younger than me.So what if he is?
他比我小15岁，即使如此，又有什么了不起？
②—Study hard，or you can’t pass the entrance examination.
好好学，否则你不能通过入学考试。
—So what？那又怎么样呢？[自我探究]
So what？是一种表示不以为然的用语，意为_______________？那又怎样[归纳拓展]
常见与what相关的几个搭配：
①What about...？……怎么样？
②What for...为何目的；为什么
③What if...？倘使……将会怎样？即使……又有什么要紧？
④What is more而且，另外
⑤What...like？……是什么样的？⑥What has been done cannot be undone.(谚)覆水难收。
⑦Or what？还是别的什么？(用于疑问句末，指某人急于知道实际在发生的事)
⑧What’s up？怎么了？出了什么事？[牛刀小试]
完成句子
(1)“汤姆，你的房间看起来一团糟。”
“那又怎样？”
—Tom，your room looks terrible.
—________________？
(2)倘使你生病了怎么办呢？
________________ you should fall sick?So whatWhat if7The marathon is the final Olympic event because it is thought to be the hardest.
马拉松是奥运会的最后一项赛事，因为它被认为是最艰苦的。[品味经典]
①That strange old man is said to be a great artist.
＝It is said that the strange old man is a great artist.
据说那位怪老头是一位艺术家。②A new college is said to have been built in our city.
＝It is said that a new college has been built in our city.
据说我市已经建了一所新大学。
③He is said to be writing a new book.
＝It is said that he is writing a new book.
据说他在写一本新书。[自我探究]
Sb./ Sth.is thought to be表示______________的意思。相当于People think it is the hardest.相似的结构还有：_____________＝It is said that...“据说”；___________________＝It is reported that...“据报道……”等。使用动词不定式结构时，要注意根据语境使用动词不定式的不同时态形式。……被认为……be said to dobe reported to do[牛刀小试]
句型转换
It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.
→Humam beings ________ often ________ naturally equipped to speak.aresaid to be本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件57张PPT。Section Ⅳ Grammar & WritingModule 5 The Great Sports Personality[品味经典]
1．You can make a mark where you have a question.
2．I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.
3．The moment I heard the voice，I knew father was coming.4．Even though we have achieved great success in our work，we should not be proud.
5．Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes.[自我探究]
第1句是where引导____________从句，
表示谓语动词发出的地点；第2句是时间状语从句，在时间、条件状语从句中用________代替_______________；地点状语一般时将来时第3句是the moment引导的__________从句，相当于as soon as的用法；第4句是even though引导的____________从句；第5句是so that引导的________________从句，这时从句中一般要使用_________动词。时间状语让步状语目的状语情态一、时间状语从句
1．no sooner...than与hardly...when
都表示主句与从句的动作相继发生，意为“一……就……，刚刚……就”，主句动词用过去完成时。如no sooner，hardly位于句首时，主句用倒装形式。He had hardly gone to bed when the doorbell rang.
＝Hardly had he gone to bed when the doorbell rang.
他刚睡下门铃就响了。
No sooner had he got off the train than his daughter ran towards him.
他刚下火车，他女儿就向他跑了过来。2．as soon as，the moment，immediately引导的从句表示从句动作一发生，主句动作随即发生，常译为“一……就”。名词词组the second，the minute，the moment，every time，any time，next time，the first/last time，the day/week/month等亦可作连词，引导时间状语从句。
They told me about it as soon as/immediately/the moment they got the message.
他们一听到口信就把消息告诉了我。Every time he walked by the lake，he thought of his childhood life.
每当他走过那个湖时，就会想起童年的生活。
注意：immediately可用作连词也可用作副词。
3．till和until词义是“直到……，一直……为
止”，表示一个动作持续到某一时刻或某一动作发生为止，在句首只能用until。在肯定句中，主句中要用延续性动词；在否定句中，可以用非延续性动词。She stood there till/until he had passed out of sight.
她站在那里看着，直到望不见他的身影。
Until they had finished the work，they did not go home.
＝Not until they had finished the work did they go home.
直到工作完成了他们才回家。注意：(1)在not...until结构中not until位于句首时主句用部分倒装。在强调句中，强调until引导时间状语时，常把not提前，构成It isn’t/wasn’t until...that...。
(2)not...until和not...before意思相同，表示“直到……才，在……以前不”。
4．before和since
(1)若表达“还未……就……”“不到……就……”“……才……”“趁，还没来得及”时，需用连词before。He had put the broken vase away before his mother came back.
他趁妈妈还没回来就把打碎的花瓶收拾好了。
(2)It will be＋时间段＋before sb.do (does)“多久之后才……”。例如：
It will be 3 days before our manager signs the agreement.
要过3天后经理才签那份协议。(3)since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动
词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是表示反复发生的动作。since从句的时态通常是一般过去时，主句中的时态则通常是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
He has written to me frequently since I got sick.
自从我病了以后，他经常给我写信。(4)在It is＋时间段＋since从句句型中，时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。
It is half a year since she was in our class.
她离开我们班有半年了。
It is three years since he smoked.
他戒烟有三年了。二、条件状语从句
1．if和unless
(1)if意为“如果”，而unless意为“除非，如果
不”。if...not与unless通常可互换，但if可引导非真实条件句(用虚拟语气)，unless一般不表示非真实条件。(2)if引导的从句表示好的条件时，可用providing that，provided that，on condition that等替换；表示不好的条件时，可用so(as)long as替换。
If I were you，I would go to university for further education.
我要是你，我会上大学接受更进一步的教育。
They have a meeting every Monday，unless there is nothing to discuss.
他们每周一开一次会，除非没有事情可商谈。2．supposing(假如)，suppose(that)(假如)，as(so)long as(只要)，on condition that(在……条件下)等引导从句，表示“如果，只要，在……条件下”等意义。in case引导从句，表示“万一……”。
Supposing you are wrong，what will you do?
假定你是错的，你怎么办？You can go out，as long as you promise to be back before 11 o’clock.
只要你答应十一点钟前回来，你就可以出去。
3．only if引导的从句用陈述语气，意为“只要……”；if only引导的从句用虚拟语气，意为“但愿……，要是……就好了”。Only if we persist in carrying out the open-door policy，we will achieve greater success.
只要我们坚持实行开放政策，我们就会取得更大的成就。
If only I had known it，I wouldn’t have troubled him.
要是我早知道那件事，我就不会麻烦他了。
4．祈使句＋and/or＋句子，祈使句表示条件。Give him an inch and he will take a mile.得寸进尺。
三、让步状语从句
1．though，although，even if，even though都有“虽然，即使，尽管”的意思，even if，even though语气较强，though和although语气较弱。though不如although正式；though可用于假设，although用于陈述“事实”。I had a good time although/though/even if/even though I didn’t know anybody at the party.
尽管在聚会上我谁也不认识，但我还是玩得很高兴。
注意：(1)though，although等不与but连用，但可在主句前加yet，still。
(2)though从句中形容词、名词等为表语时，为加强语气可置于though前。
2．while也可引导让步状语从句，突出对比主句和从句所表示的两种情况。While he is young，he is experienced.
他虽然年轻，却有经验。
3．whether...or(not)可引导让步状语从句，提供两个对比的情况，意为“不管……”。
Whether it rains or not，I shall go out tomorrow.
不管下不下雨，明天我都要出去。4．whatever，whenever，wherever，whoever，whichever，however也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what(when，where，who，which，how)，意思为：无论什么，无论何时，无论何处，无论是谁，无论哪一个，无论如何。however引导让步状语从句时与它所修饰的词放在从句的句首。Whatever happens，we shall never lose heart.
(＝No matter what happens，we shall never lose heart.)
无论发生什么，我们都不会失去信心。
5．as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装，结构如下：动词或现在分词放在句首，谓语要加助动词do，does，did或will等；作表语的单数可数名词置于句首时，前不加冠词。
Patient as he was，he was unwilling to wait three hours.
他虽有耐心，但也不愿等三个小时。Hard as she tried，she failed to pass the exam.
尽管她努力了，但还是没有通过考试。
Fail as he did，he would never give up.
尽管失败了，他也决不会放弃。
四、地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词：where(在……地
方)；wherever(无论何地)；everywhere(每一……地方)等。
I will go where you go.你上哪儿我就去哪儿。
五、原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的连词：because(因
为)；as(由于)；since，now that(既然)；seeing that(鉴于)等。I bought it because I like it.
因为我喜欢它所以买了。
六、结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词：so...that，such...that(如此……以致)；so that(结果)等。
It is so heavy a box that nobody can move it.这盒子这么重没人能搬动。
七、目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的连词：in order that，so that(为了)，for fear that，in case，lest(以免)等。
He works hard in order that he can pass the examination.
他努力学习以求通过考试。八、 方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词：as(如同)；as if (或as though)(好像)。
(1)as和like都有“就像”的意思，as是连词，后加句子；like是介词，后加名词、代词或名词性短语。
I work as others do(或like others)．我像别人那样工作。
(2)as if，as though两者意义相同，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，as if比as though更常用。
九、比较状语从句
比较状语从句常由as...as；than；
not so...as ...；the more...，the more...等词引导。比较状语从句部分常是省略句。
The more we get，the more we want.
我们得到的越多，想得到的就越多。语法填空
Mary likes English 1.________ many other lovers of English，she is also fond of English songs.she is often praised in class 2.________ she performs so well in English.She is a quiet girl，and likes to stay 3.________ there is little noise.likebecausewhere解析：1.介词，从also可知“像他们一样”；2.表示因果关系用because；3.地点状语从句，用where。写作要求
提示：你校学生会将为来访的美国朋友举办一个晚会，要在学校广播中宣布此事，并欢迎大家参加。为使美国朋友听懂，请你用英语写一篇广播通知。要点如下：
宗旨：欢迎来访的美国朋友时间：8月15日(星期六)晚7∶30
地点：主楼屋顶花园
组织者：学生会
活动内容：音乐、跳舞、唱歌、游戏、交换小礼品(请包装好、签名并在包装外面写上几个祝愿词)注意：1.广播稿约100词；
2．应包括以上要点，但不要逐字翻译，要组织成一篇通顺连贯的短文；
3．开头语已为你写好。
参考词汇：交换礼品to exchange gifts 学生会the Students’ Union写作要点
1．欢迎____________
2．带着____________
3．以……结束____________
4．签名____________
5．举行____________welcomebring alongend up with...sign your namehold句式结构
1．请大家注意一下。
____________，please.
2．我有消息要告诉大家。
I________________________to make.
3．学生会想在星期六晚上举办晚会。
The Students’ Union is going to______________________on Saturday evening.Attentionhave an announcementhold a party连句成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________佳作欣赏
Boys and girls，
May I have your attention，please？I have an announcement to make.The Students’ Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening，August 15，to welcome our friends from the United States.The party will be held in the roof garden of the Main Building.It will begin at 7∶30 p．m..There will be music，dancing，singing，games and exchange of gifts.Will everybody please bring along a small gift for this purpose? Remember to wrap it up，sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.Don’t
forget：7∶30，Saturday evening，roof garden，Main Building.There’s sure to be a lot of fun.Everybody is welcome.
That’s all.Thank you.类文点津
口头通知首先要有称呼语及开场白。常见的有：Ladies and gentlemen/Boys and girls：May I have your attention please？I have an announcement to make.。
然后是通知的正文部分，说明通知的具体内容。用祈使句或Will you please...？Please...等提出要求。
最后是结束语。常用That’s all.Thank you.。课时活页Li Ning is not only a man’s name but also a brand of ①sports-wear. Who created the brand? Li Ning, a world-famous gymnast. Li Ning performed well and won 106 gold medals in all, including three Olympic ones. When he retired at 26, he decided to start a new life using his sporting ②background. Li Ning founded a company to make tracksuits and quickly succeeded. Its logo is LN and slogan is anything is possible. The major advantage of his products is that they are cheaper than those well-known ③competitors.The demand for his products was on the increase with sport being popular, which ④guaranteed his success. At Beijing Olympic Games, when the athletes wearing his sportswear stood on the platform, the excited audience rose to their feet, shouting and cheering to celebrate ⑤victory.Li Ning’s product is so popular that now it is purchased every ten seconds. You can see it everywhere, on the athletics track, the football ⑥pitch,_at school or in the street. Li Ning employs Italian designers to create new styles. Now, owning a Li Ning’s product is a ⑦symbol of health. Li Ning is also a man of high quality. His ⑧ultimate dream was to open a school for training gymnasts. His dream came true in 1991. Li Ning also encourages teenagers to take part in more sports, including ⑨marathon,_a tough race, which builds up one’s strong will. When Li Ning donated large amounts of money to the drought-stricken areas, people couldn’t help thinking highly of him. Over 20 years after10 retirement from gymnastics, Li Ning has built up a business empire of sports.李宁既是一个人的名字，也是运动服的品牌。谁创造了这个品牌？李宁，一位世界著名的体操运动员。他表现出色，共获得了106个冠军，包括3个奥运会冠军。当他26岁退役时，他决定利用自己的体育背景开创新的生活。李宁成立了一家公司制造运动服，而且很快获得了成功。它的标识是LN，标语是 anything is possible。李宁产品的最大优势是比其他著名的竞争者的产品便宜。对他产品的需求随着体育变得流行起来而上涨，这保证了他的成功。在北京奥运会上，当穿着李宁牌运动服的运动员们站在领奖台上时，激动的观众站起来，大声地欢呼着，庆祝胜利。李宁产品是如此受欢迎以至于每10秒钟就卖出一件。你在任何地方都可以看到它，在田径运动跑道上，在足球场上，在校园里，在街道上。李宁雇用意大利设计师设计新的风格。现在拥有一件李宁牌运动服是健康的象征。李宁同时也是一个品德高尚的人。他的最终目的是开办一所学校训练运动员。
在1991年他的梦想实现了。李宁还鼓励青少年多参加体育活动，包括马拉松比赛，一项非常艰苦的赛跑，可以锻炼人的意志。当李宁向旱区捐赠大量的钱时，人们禁不住肃然起敬。在从体操退役20多年以后，李宁建起了一个体育商业王国。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件9张PPT。教材背景链接Module 5 The Great Sports Personality在2011年6月4日法网女单决赛中，
中国选手李娜以2比0战胜意大利选手斯
齐亚沃尼，夺得冠军。这是亚洲选手第一次
夺得大满贯赛单打冠军。Most people know that Chinese are very good at table tennis, but not many know that we are also doing very well in tennis. In fact, tennis was not very popular in China back to five years ago. I started to like tennis in 2006 when several Chinese female players win tournaments.The most exciting match was the final in the French Open this June. Before the final, Na Li has already made a history that she became the first Asian representative in the final of Grand Slam. It seemed to me that she had a big chance to win the title.
Before the match, we all expected to witness another remarkable moment.I still remember that it was a tough match and both players had a chance to challenge the title. Her opponent was the champion of last year and she also showed a strong desire to win. The first game was very close.
Thanks to Na Li’s great performance on the baseline, she won the first game with 6 to 4. The second game was even tougher, and it went to the tiebreak.My heart almost came to the throat at that time. I couldn’t help holding my breath at every strike by Na Li. However, Na Li would never let me down. She behaved unbelievably calm and shot every ball precisely. She won 7 points in straight and made all dreams come true!Na Li made a new history and became the first Asian who won the Grand Slam. I am confident that Chinese players will prove themselves to the world more and more in the future.新课导入
在人们的脑海中，体育是一块相对纯洁的净土，她一直以来都与健康、阳光、汗水、拼搏、成功、喜悦等等联系在一起，成为强健体魄、净化灵魂、开阔胸襟以及放松身心的重要手段。所以，体育变得越来越重要。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件28张PPT。Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary——Warming UpModule 6 Animals in Danger ?Step One：Words and Phrases
Ⅰ.词汇知识
1．___________ (vt.) 使……处于险境
2．_____________ (n.) 保护区；保护圈
3．________________ (n.) 栖息地endangerreservehabitat4．____________ (adj.) 灭绝的；绝种的
5．_____________ (n.) 挣扎；斗争
6．_____________ (vt.) 保护
7．__________ (adj.) 值……钱
8．ideal (adj.)_____________
9．confiscate (vt.)___________
10．condition (n.) (-s)______________extinctstruggleprotectworth理想的没收环境；情况Ⅱ.重点短语
1．___________to 由于，幸亏
2．_________________ to 按照
3．_________ one’s life to... 为……而献身
4．________ the spot 在现场，当场thanksaccordinggiveon5．__________fashion 开始流行起来；成为时尚
6．raid ______a shop 突击搜查一家商店
7．get __________with 对……采取强硬措施
8．________ condition that 在……条件下；如果
9．be ___________doing 很值得做
10．_______ the meanwhile 同时come intoontoughonworthin?Step Two：Fast Reading
Ⅰ.Scan the text and do some True or False statements.
1．A large number of antelopes have been killed for their meat.( )
2．The business of antelopes’ wool is illegal but it is easy to be stopped.( )FF3．The Chinese government began to take an active part in protecting the antelopes.( )
4．Little progress has been made in protecting the antelopes.( )FTⅡ.Summarize the main idea for each paragraph.
Paragraph 1. ( )
Paragraph 2. ( )
Paragraph 3. ( )
Paragraph 4. ( )
Paragraph 5. ( )CAEBDA．A large number of antelopes have been killed for their wool.
B．The Chinese government began to take an active part in protecting the antelopes.
C．Jiesang Suonandajie gave his life to save the Tibetan antelope.
D．Progress has been made in protecting the antelopes.
E．The business of antelopes’ wool is illegal but it is not easy to be stopped.Ⅲ.Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．Jiesang Suonandajie was shot and killed because ________.
A．he shouted to the poachers
B．he had no weapon with him
C．he shot at the poachers
D．he wanted to stop the poachers from killing the Tibetan antelopeD2．It is in ________ that the wool of the antelope is made into the shawls.
A．China
B．India
C．London
D．EuropeB3.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?___________
A．The antelopes are taken to India after they are shot by the poachers.
B．Antelope wool shawls came into fashion among the rich in the 1990s.
C．About 3,000 poachers have been caught and the number of poachers has fallen.
D．Sometimes there were gunfights between the police and poachers.A4．According to the passage，we know EXCEPT that ________.
A．poachers usually start to shoot antelopes at night
B．the shawls are very expensive
C．there are volunteers losing life in the battle
D．international co-operation works in protecting antelopesC5．Which is NOT the reason why the antelope population has slowly begun to grow again?____
A．Government’s taking an active part in.
B．International co?operation.
C．Volunteers’ help.
D．Little interest in the shawls.D?Step Three：Careful Reading
Ⅰ.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions.
1．What are the reasons for the drop in antelope population?答案：
_______________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The wool of Tibetan antelopes: the most expensive in the world.
Shawls made of antelope wool: coming into fashion in the 1990s.
Poachers：hunting antelopes to get huge profits.2．What are the measures taken to protect antelopes?
答案：_________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The Chinese government:
protecting antelopes in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve.
Volunteers in China：coming from all over the country to help the officials who work in the reserve.
Police abroad：getting tough with shawl dealers.3．What are the results of the protection?
答案：__________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3,000 poachers were caught and 300 vehicles confiscated.
The antelope population has begun to grow slowly since 1997.Ⅱ.根据课文 Saving the Antelopes 完成下列表格，每空一词。freezingendangeredbattleworthfashionherdsspotactiveMeanwhilepopulation ?Step Four：Consolidation
One day，Jiesang Suonandajie found that a 1.________ of poachers were killing the 2._______________ animal antelope.Though he 3.______________ with them to protect the antelope，he failed and died.By the 1990s，groupendangeredstruggledthe number of antelopes had 4.__________ to about 50,000 5._____________ the poachers’ pursuing high profits 6.___________ its wool.fallenbecause fromThese years，our government began to take an active part in 7.___________ antelopes，officials who work in the 8.____________ are also helped by volunteers who are ready for difficult 9._________________ of life.As a result，the antelope 10.________________ began to grow again.protectingreserveconditionspopulation?Step Five：Discussion
Why are some animals becoming extinct?
(金词点拨：pets; building houses; pollution; climate change)答案：_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Maybe there are many reasons.Here are some：①They are killed for body parts or food.②People want them for pets.③ People have moved into their natural habitat.④ They are killed by pollution.⑤ They are killed by climate change本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件78张PPT。Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary－Language StudyModule 6 Animals in Danger 1The Chinese and Russian governments have created the reserve to help save the tiger’s natural habitat.
中俄两国政府已设立了保护区来保护老虎的自然栖息地。[品味经典]
①It’s a nature reserve.
这是个自然保护区。
②I believe your story without reserve.
我毫无保留地相信你的话。[自我探究]
reserve作“自然保护区”讲时，
为_______名词；表示“保留”的意思时，为___________名词。
介词短语_____________________意为“毫无保留地”；in reserve意为“储备，待用”。nature reserve自然保护区。可数不可数without reserve[归纳拓展]
reserve v.储备，保存；留给，预定
reserve sth.for...把……留作，用于……
reserved adj.保留的，预定的；沉默寡言的③I have reserved a room for you at the hotel.
我已经在旅馆为你预定了一个房间。
④These seats are reserved for the elderly and disabled.
这些座位是留给老人和残疾人坐的。[易混辨析]
reserve，preserve，keep
(1)reserve保留，储备，以备特殊用途
(2)preserve保护，保藏，防止受到危害或毁坏
(3)keep为常用词，指“使继续下去”“使较长时间地保持某一状态”。[牛刀小试]
选用reserve，preserve，keep填空
(1)他们把这一地区用作野生动物保护区。
They ________ this area for wildlife.
(2)盐能用来保存食物。
Salt can be used to ________ food.reservedpreserve(3)留点力气准备攀登吧。
______________ your strength for the climb.
(4)你最好保持室内清洁。
You’d better _____________ your room clean.Reservekeep2...more than 12,000 animal species are now in_danger.
……现在有12000多种物种处于(灭绝的)危险中。[品味经典]
①The doctor is trying his best to save the old man in danger.
医生正在抢救生命垂危的老人。
②You are in danger of catching a cold if you don’t take any medicine.
如果你不吃药，就有感冒的危险。③Doctors said she is out of danger now.
医生说她现在已经脱离危险了。
[自我探究]
in danger为介词短语，意为“____________”，名词前不使用冠词；加of表示某种危险。处于危险中[归纳拓展]
in peace和平地；和睦地；安详地
in trouble在困境中
in order井然有序地
in surprise惊奇地
in relief如释重负，松了口气④The two countries live together in peace.
这两个国家和平相处。
⑤I smiled in relief after I heard I had passed the examination.听说我通过考试了，我如释重负地笑了。[易混辨析]
in danger，dangerous
(1)in danger在危险之中，指主语处于某种危险之中。
(2)dangerous危险的，指所修饰的人或物给别人或别的事物带来危险，会伤害别人或别的事情。⑥She was sick and in danger (of losing her life)．
她病危(有丧失生命的危险)。
⑦This river is dangerous to swim in.
在这条河里游泳很危险。[牛刀小试]
用in danger与dangerous填空
(1)Children’s lives are_____________every time they cross the road.
(2)The traffic here is very_____________for children.in dangerdangerous3an area of land where animals are protected
动物受到保护的地方
[品味经典]
①Wearing dark glasses can protect your eyes from being hurt by the sun.
戴墨镜可以保护眼睛不受阳光刺激。
②The house is small but it can protect you against the cold.
房屋虽小但能保护你不受寒冷。[自我探究]
protect为及物动词，意为“保护”。经常和from搭配，构成短语protect...from...，意为“________________________”。from也可以改为against。使……免受……[归纳拓展]
protection n.保护，受保护
under the protection of...在……的保护下
give/offer/provide protection against sth.提供保护免受……
protective adj.保护的，防护的③Many British wild animals are now under the protection of the Wildlife and Countryside Act.
英国许多野生动物现在都受到《野生动物和乡野法》的保护。
④Helen’s thin coat gave little protection against the cold.
海伦单薄的外衣几乎不能御寒。[易混辨析]
protect，prevent，defend，guard
(1)protect指采取保护措施，使之不受伤害或损伤，常用于防御风雨、寒冷、烈日、疾病或保护经济、法律权益等。
(2)prevent表示“防止，阻止”，不让某事发生。(3)defend表示“保卫”，指抵御或击退外来的威胁或侵略。
(4)guard“站岗，警戒”，指小心谨慎地对可能的危险进行防御，以维护安全。[牛刀小试]
选用protect，prevent，defend，guard填空
(1)他抬起胳膊，来保护孩子不受伤害。
He raised his arm to _________________ his child from being hurt.
(2)没有人能阻止他做这样的事情。
No one can ________________ him from doing such things.protectprevent(3)军队保卫我们的国家免遭攻击。
The army is to ________ our country against attack.
(4)狗守卫着房屋，不让陌生人进入。
The dog ________ the house against strangers.defendguarded4But in the 1990s the shawls came into fashion among rich people.
但在二十世纪九十年代披肩开始在富人中流行起来。[品味经典]
①Long skirts have come into fashion again.Faded jeans are still in fashion too.
长裙子又流行起来。漂浅的牛仔裤也还很时髦。
②New things come into fashion all the time.
新产品总是很快就会流行起来。[自我探究]
come into fashion为动词短语，
意为“______________”。介词短语in fashion意为“__________________”，反义词是out of fashion。这些短语中fashion前都不用____________。开始流行在流行冠词[归纳拓展]
come into being开始形成
come into use开始使用
come into effect(法律、规定)实施
come into force开始实行③How did the earth come into being?
地球是如何形成的？
④When do the new safety rules come into force/effect?
新的安全规则何时生效？
⑤The new road will come into use soon.
新马路马上就可以通车了。[牛刀小试]
完成句子
(1)Waved hair has ________________________(流行)again.
(2)This kind of clothes______________________________(过时了)．out of fashioncome into fashion5Often working at night，the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time，leaving only the babies...
那些偷猎者常常是夜里出动，一次就捕杀掉整群的藏羚羊，只留下那些……的幼崽。[品味经典]
①Don’t try to do everything at once；take it a bit at a time.
不要什么事情都一块儿干，要一次做一点儿。
②You can borrow two books at a time.
每次你可以借两本书。[自我探究]
at a time是介词短语，意为“_____________”，注意不定冠词的使用。一次，每次[归纳拓展]
at one time曾经
at no time任何时候都不
at all times总是；一直③This used to be a very pretty valley at one time.
这里曾经是一处非常美丽的山谷。
④At no time did I tell you that you could use my car.
我从没告诉过你，说你可以用我的车子。
⑤Identification badges must be worn at all times.
表示身份的徽章必须随时佩戴。[牛刀小试]
Experts have been warning________of the health risks caused by passive smoking.
A．at a time
B．at one time
C．for some time
D．for the time解析：选C。考查与time有关的固定搭配。at a time“每次，在某个时刻”；at one time“同时，曾经”；for some time“一段时间”。6...whose wool is not worth so much.
……它们的皮毛不值线。
[品味经典]
①This book is well worth reading a second time.
这本书非常值得再读一遍。②Our house is worth about 60,000 pounds.
我们的房子约值60000英镑。
③I paid only 3,000 pounds for this used car but it’s worth a lot more.
我只花了3000英镑就买下了这辆旧汽车，其价值远不止这些。[自我探究]
worth为形容词，意为“_________”，后面可跟名词或v.-ing形式。注意跟v.-ing________表被动意思。表示“非常值得”，worth前加___________，不能使用very。值……主动式well[牛刀小试]
句型转换
(1)这件事值得考虑。
This matter is worth consideration.
＝This matter is worth ____________.
＝This matter is ____________ consideration.worthy ofconsideringbeing seenbe seen(3)这本书值得一读。
It is worthwhile to read/reading the book.
＝It is worth our while ________________ the book.
＝It is worthwhile for us ____________ the book.to read/readingto read7The small group of officials who work in the reserve are helped by volunteers who come from all over the country，and who are ready for the difficult conditions of life at 5,000 metres.
工作在保护区的政府官员们得到了来自全国各地的、愿意忍受海拔5000米以上恶劣环境的志愿者们的支持。[品味经典]
①I’ve had no exercise for ages；I’m really out of condition.
我已多年没运动了，现在健康状况欠佳。
②Under normal conditions，people will usually do what requires least effort.
正常情况下，人们通常做少费劲的事情。③Housing conditions for blacks in Birmingham were bad.
伯明翰黑人的居住条件很差。
④We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.
只要你能保持整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间。[自我探究]
condition常用作复数形式，
意为“_______；________；________”。
on condition that引导条件状语从句，意为“_______________________”。情况环境条件在……条件下[易混辨析]
condition，situation，state
condition，situation与state都有“状况”之
意，但用法各有侧重。
(1)condition意为“条件；情况；状况”，其单数形式指人或事物所处的状态，表示这个意义时，可与state互换。它还强调由于一定原因或条件造成的状态，如人的健康状况、事物的完好程度、设备的可用性等。其复数常指一般的、笼统的情况。(2)situation指在一定时间内由各种情况造成的处境、形势，也可指语境、情景。
(3)state可指人或事物所处的状态和状况，可与condition互换。此外，它还可表示思想、感情、心理等状态。
⑤Whether I’ll go depends on the condition of my health.
我去与否取决于我的健康状况。⑥Under the present state，he can keep up with the class.
在目前状态下，他能够赶上其他同学。
⑦He found himself in an embarrassing situation.
他发现自己处于尴尬的境地。[牛刀小试]
School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous ________.
A．states
B．conditions
C．situations
D．positions解析：选C。state状态、情况、状况；condition情况，条件；situation处境，局势，形势；position位置，职位，地位。此处指危险的处境，故选situation。8Meanwhile，in those countries where the shawls are sold，police are getting tough with the dealers.
同时，在那些出售藏羚羊毛披肩的国家，警方开始严厉打击藏羚羊毛披肩的贩卖者。[品味经典]
①She’s due to arrive on Thursday.
Meanwhile，what do we do?
她预定星期四到达。这期间我们做什么呢？
②I went to college.Meanwhile，all my friends got well-paid jobs.我上大学去了。同时我的朋友全都找到了收入不错的工作。
③In the meanwhile, I’ll visit an old friend of mine.
在这期间，我将去拜访我的一位老朋友。[自我探究]
meanwhile是副词，意为“__________”，相当于at the same time，不能引导从句；介词短语in the meanwhile＝in the meantime，意为“_________________”。同时在这期间[牛刀小试]
The incomes of skilled workers went up.________，unskilled workers saw their earnings fall.
A．Moreover
B．Therefore
C．Meanwhile
D．Otherwise解析：选C。考查副词辨析。句意：熟练工的收入在增加，与此同时，不熟练工人的收入却在下降。语意表示“与此同时”，
故选C项。moreover再者，而且；therefore因此；otherwise否则。9Although surprised，the poachers had an advantage－there were more of them.
尽管偷猎者们很吃惊，但他们占有优势——他们人多。[品味经典]
①Though young，he had to live on himself.
虽然年纪轻轻，但他只得自己养活自己。
②Although hard-working，he couldn’t earn enough to support himself.
尽管努力工作，他的收入还是不够自己糊口。③When published，the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.
那本小说出版的时候就会成为当年的畅销书之一。
④When in doubt，please consult a dictionary.
有疑问的时候，就请查询字典。
⑤Though a young man，he has made several inventions.
虽然还是个年轻人，他已经有好几项发明了。[自我探究]
although surprised是状语从句
____________________________________的省略形式。although they were surprised在if，when，though，although，as，as if等引导的从句中，如果从句的________和主句的________一致且有________动词时，可省略从句的________和________动词。主语主语be主语be[牛刀小试]
—Who should be responsible for the accident?
—The boss，not the workers.They just carried out the order ________.
A．as told
B．as are told
C．as telling
D．as they told
解析：选A。句意为：“谁应该对这场事故负责？”“那位老板，而不是工人。工人们执行命令而已。”as引导非限制性定语从句，含义为“按照”，as told中省略了they were。10International co-operation seems to be working.
国际合作似乎正在进行。[品味经典]
①But today the government seems to be winning the battle.
＝But today it seems that the government is winning the battle.
如今，政府似乎正在赢得这场战争。
②The stars seemed to have moved.
＝It seemed that the stars had moved.
恒星似乎已经移动了。③He seems to be reading in bed.
＝It seems that he is reading in bed.
他似乎正在床上读书。
④He seemed to be happy at the good news.
他似乎对这个好消息感到高兴。[自我探究]
本句话为seem跟动词不定式形式作宾语，在使用时，要注意动词不定式的时态。
一般式______ (一般动作，和谓语同时发生)；进行式_______________ (谓语发生时该动作正在进行)；完成式__________________ (发生在谓语动作之前)。to doto be doingto have done该结构还可以用从句的形式代替：
________________________international co-operation is working.。
It seems that [牛刀小试]
—She didn’t speak to me yesterday.She was unhappy.
—Well，she seemed to ________about it.
A．have been told
B．be told
C．having been told
D．being told解析：选A。说话人认为她之所以没有和对方说话并闷闷不乐的原因可能是已经被告诉了事情的真相，此处是不定式被动语态的完成时。B项不强调动作已经发生，所以不恰当；在seem to do sth.结构中，to不是介词，所以C和D项错误。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件66张PPT。Section Ⅲ Listening，Speaking，Everyday English and Function & Cultural CornerModule 6 Animals in Danger 1But the trade also involves live animals.
但是这种交易还涉及了活的动物。[品味经典]
①The test will involve answering questions about a photo.考试还包括回答一些关于一张照片的问题。
②This lesson involves a lot of work.
这一课包括许多作业。[自我探究]
involve作及物动词，
意为“________________________”，
后面只能接_______或____________，不可接不定式。包括，涉及，引起名词动名词[归纳拓展]
get involved with参与
be involved in参与，涉及③How many vehicles are involved in the crash?
这次撞车事故涉及到多少车辆？
④I don’t want to get involved with the argument.
我不想卷入这场争论。
⑤All the children were involved in the school play.
所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的话剧。[牛刀小试]
The judge made the final decision after listening to the opinions of each party ________.
A．involved
B．to be involved
C．involving
D．having involved解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。过去分词作后置定语，句意：在听了涉及到各方的意见之后，法官做出了最终判断。2A bird has warm blood and lays eggs.
鸟是恒温动物，产卵。
[品味经典]
①The hens are not laying well at the moment.
此时那些母鸡不怎么下蛋。
②The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds’ nests.
杜鹃在别的鸟的巢中产卵。
③He laid his hand on my shoulder.
他把手放在我的肩上。[自我探究]
lay为及物动词，
表示“下蛋，(鸟、虫等)产卵”，也可用作不及物动词；另外lay还可表示“_______”。其过去式和过去分词均是_________。放置laid[归纳拓展]lay off (sb.)停止；放弃，解雇(某人)
lay sth.aside储存某物；暂时把……搁在一边
lay on款待，安排；把(责任等)推给……
④Harry was laid off for six months during the recession.
在经济衰退时期，哈里下岗6个月。⑤She’d managed to lay aside a few pounds each week from her wages.
她设法每周从薪水中存上几个英镑。
⑥The organizers have laid on a huge meal for us.
组织者给我们安排了一顿丰盛的饭菜。[牛刀小试]
If only he________quietly as the doctor instructed he wouldn’t suffer so much now.
A．lies
B．lay
C．had lain
D．should lie解析：选C。if only后跟虚拟语气，从instructed看，说的是过去的事，故用过去完成时。lain是lie“躺”的过去分词，其过去式是lay，而lie作“说谎”讲时，是规则动词。[单词团团转]
His deskmate John (1)________ to him that he (2)________ the book on his own desk before his departure.When he returned，he found the book (3)________ on the desk was gone.liedhad laidlying3One of the wonders of the insect world.
昆虫世界的奇迹之一。
[品味经典]
①The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.
长城是世界奇观之一。
②The children watched Liu Qian in silent wonder.
孩子们都一声不响惊奇地看着刘谦。③She didn’t sleep last night，no wonder she’s tired.
她昨晚没有睡觉，难怪她很疲倦。
④It is little wonder (that) she was so upset.
她如此心烦意乱，并不奇怪。[自我探究]
wonder在此用作可数名词，
表示“_____________”；它还可用作不可数名词，意为“______________”。in wonder为介词短语，意为“______________”；(It’s)no wonder(that)是固定结构，
意为“___________________”。奇迹，奇事惊奇，惊异惊奇地并不奇怪；难怪[归纳拓展]
wonder用作及物动词，意为“对……感到惊讶，纳闷；想知道”，后接名词、带疑问词的不定式或从句作宾语；用作不及物动词，意为“感到惊异；感到惊讶”，常与at或about连用。⑤I wondered to hear her voice in the next room.
我听到隔壁传出她的声音，十分惊讶。
⑥I wonder whether you would mind helping me for a few minutes.不知你是否能帮我一会儿忙。
⑦She wondered at all things civilization can teach a woman to endure.
她对文明社会教妇女忍受的所有东西都感到惊奇。[牛刀小试]
He hasn’t slept at all for three days.________ he is tired out.
A．There is no point
B．There is no need
C．It is no wonder
D．It is no way解析：选C。此题只有选C才能使意思通顺起来。句意：他3天没睡了，怪不得他很疲倦。There is no point没有意义；There is no need不需要；It is no way没门。4I’m concerned about the future of wildlife in Africa.
我很担心非洲野生动物的未来。
[品味经典]
①We are all concerned for/about her safety.
我们都很关心她的安危。
②Why was she so concerned about her family in this matter?
在这件事上她为什么这么关心她的家人？[自我探究]
形容词短语be concerned about意思为“
___________________________”。关心某事；担心某事[归纳拓展]
be concerned in...和……有关；和……有牵连
be concerned with...关心……；关于……
as far as...is concerned就……而言
concern v.& n.(使)担心；忧虑③Her latest documentary is concerned with youth unemployment.
她最近的一部纪录片是关于青年人失业问题的。
④There is no need to concern yourself with this matter；we are dealing with it.
你不用管这事了，我们正在处理。⑤As far as I am concerned，education is about learning and the more you learn，the more equipped for life you are.
就我来说，教育就是学习，而且你学得越
多，对生活准备得就越充分。
⑥He felt some concern for her safety.
他有点担心她的安全。[牛刀小试]
完成句子
(1)In those days，all of us
_______________________(担心)your safety.
(2)The book__________________________(涉及，与……有关)the future of mankind.
were concerned aboutis concerned in/with(3)She________herself________(担忧)her son’s future.
＝She______________________her son’s future.
(4)______________________(就我而言)，I cannot object to your marriage.concernsaboutis concerned aboutAs far as I am concerned5The initials，WWF，stand for World Wide Fund for Nature.
缩略词WWF代表“世界自然保护基金组
织”。[品味经典]
①What do the five rings on the Olympic flag stand for?
奥运旗上的五环代表什么？
②What does ATM stand for?
ATM代表什么？③It’s hard to tell what the party stands for these days.
很难说最近这个政党支持什么。
④The teacher wouldn’t stand for such behavior.
教师无法容忍这种行为。[自我探究]
stand for为动介短语，在句中作谓语，
意为“_____”，不能用于被动语态。此外它还有“____________”的意思，相当于in favor of或support。在表示“____________”时，多用于否定结构中。代表支持，拥护容许，容忍[归纳拓展]
stand out突出；显眼；出色
stand by袖手旁观；做好准备
stand up站立
stand up to经得住[牛刀小试]
用适当的介词填空
(1)How can you stand_________________and see him accused of something he did not do?
(2)The words stood_______________well against the dark background.byout(3)The carpet is designed to stand up______________a lot of wear and tear.
(4)There was no seat，
I had to stand_____________________.
(5)The letters“USA”stand ________________
“United States of America”．toupfor6In the 1980s the WWF became interested in all activities which have an effect on the environment，such as pollution and the way we use energy.
20世纪80年代，世界自然保护基金组织开始关注所有对环境造成影响的活动，比如污染和我们利用能源的方式。[品味经典]
①An electric motor turns electrical energy into mechanical energy.
电动机把电能转换成机械能。
②Young people usually have more energy than the old.
年轻人通常比老年人有活力。③My latest victim is an energetic student.After school，he played football hard for two hours.
我的上一个牺牲品是一名精力充沛的学生。放学后他总是酣畅淋漓地踢上两个小时的足球。[自我探究]
energy常用作不可数名词，意为“能源；
精力；________”；
其形容词形式为______________，意为“精力充沛的，充满活力的”。活力energetic[易混辨析]
energy，power，force
energy意为“能量；能源；精力”。power可指“动力、思维能力、权力等各种力量或能力”。force指物理学意义上的力，也指为做成某事而使用的力量，还常指武力。④He put all his energies into helping her.
他竭尽全力帮助她。
⑤Knowledge is power.
知识就是力量。
⑥The robber took the money from the old man by force.
强盗用武力把那个老人的钱抢走了。[牛刀小试]
Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas，wind and forms of________.
A．energy
B．source
C．power
D．force
解析：选A。natural gas，wind都是能源的一种。7Then，in 1995，the organisation set up an office in Beijing.
1995年，世界自然保护基金组织在北京设立了办事处。[品味经典]
①He set up a small laboratory and devoted every spare moment to his work.
他建立了一间小实验室，然后把全部时间都投入到了这项工作中去。
②The business was set up by the grandfather of the present owner.
这个企业是由现任老板的祖辈创立的。[自我探究]
set up是及物动词短语，
意为“_____________________”，宾语可以是公司、单位、商店、政府等。建立；创立；设立[易混辨析]
put up，set up，build，build up，found
(1)put up“建起，修建，竖起(某一建筑
物)”；“搭起(某一简易建筑)”。
(2)set up作“建起，搭起”讲时，与put up同义，但还可指“建立，成立(某一机构或团
体)”。
(3)build作“建起”讲时，可与put up，set up通用。(4)build up“逐渐建立，逐步建设”，另外还有“增强”的意思。
(5)found“创建，创办(组织或机构)，尤指提供资金”；“建立，兴建(城镇或国家)”；“以……为基础，以……为根据”。
③The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
中华人民共和国成立于1949年。④He has built his fame as a successful businessman these years.
这些年来，作为一个成功的商人，他已树立起他的名望。
⑤We’ve set up a statue.
我们建立了一个塑像。⑥This store put up many ads in the neighbourhood.
这家商店在邻近地区贴了很多广告。
⑦Taking exercise will build up your strength.
体育锻炼能使你更加有劲。[牛刀小试]
For all these years I have been working for others.I’m hoping I’ll ________ my own business someday.
A．turn up
B．fix up
C．set up
D．make up解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。从句意看应该是我想开创自己的生意。turn up出现；fix up安装；make up化妆，编造，均不合题意。8The WWF believes that our world has a future only if people learn to conserve nature and not waste energy.
世界自然保护基金组织认为，唯有人们学会保护自然、不浪费能源，我们的世界才会有未来。[品味经典]
①We can learn English well only if we really understand the importance of mastering a foreign language.
只有我们真正明白了学好外语的重要性，我们才可能学好英语。②Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.
只有经过老师允许，学生才能进这个房间。
③Only if you don’t tell anyone else can I tell the secret.
只有你不告诉别人，我才能把这个秘密告诉你。[自我探究]
only if引导条件状语从句，
表示“______________________”的意思。
当该状语从句位于句首时，
主句使用_________________句式。只有在……条件之下主谓倒装[易混辨析]
only if，if only
(1)only if引起的条件状语从句，是一个对“条件”限制更严的“限制性条件状语从句”，表示“只有……(才)；只有在……的时候；唯一的条件是……”；与if引起的一般条件句相比，它有一种增强主句语势的作用。(2)if only引导的条件句，通常用来表示说话人对某事所寄予的某种强烈愿望。它可以独立使用，用来表示由于客观条件限制，为某事不大可能或完全不可能实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情，多用虚拟语气，常被译为“但愿”“要是……该多好啊”等。④Only if the case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night.
只有患者情况紧急时，你才可以在半夜叫医生看病。
⑤If only I were as clever as you!
要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊！[牛刀小试]
(1)—Can I watch the football match on TV tonight，Mum?
—________ you finish all the homework first.
A．If only
B．Only if
C．Even when
D．Not unless解析：选B。答语句意：只有在你完成作业的条件下，(你才能看比赛)。后面的主句承上句省略了。句型转换
(2)I wish I had stayed with her a little longer!
→________ I had stayed with her a little longer!If only本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件51张PPT。Section Ⅳ Grammar & WritingModule 6 Animals in Danger [品味经典]
1．This is an old computer that/which works much slowly.
2．I have many friends to whom I’m going to send postcards.
3．I still remember the day when I first came to this school.4．This is the factory that I visited last year.
5．This novel，which I have read three
times，is very touching.[自我探究]
以上各句都是含有定语从句的主从复合句。第1句关系代词引导定语从句，在从句中作
________不能省略；
第2句是“____________________”引导的定语从句；主语介词＋关系代词第3句是关系副词引导的定语从句，关系副词在从句中作______；第4句虽然先行词是表示地点的名词，但引导词在定语从句中作visited的_______，故使用_______________引导；第5句是__________________从句，此时不能使用_______引导。状语宾语关系代词非限制性定语that一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1．只用that不用which的情况：
(1)先行词为不定代词all，everything，anything，nothing，little，much等。
或有all，any，no，every，few，
little(少量的)，one，both等修饰。There seems to be nothing that he can’t do.
似乎没有他做不了的事。
All the books that you offered have been donated to the mountain areas.
你提供的所有的书都已捐给山区了。(2)先行词有形容词最高级、序数词修饰或先行词本身就是形容词最高级、序数词。
The first place that they visited was Jiuzhaigou.
他们参观的第一个地方是九寨沟。
(3)先行词有the only，the very等词修饰。Mr.Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.
史密斯先生是他认识的唯一一个外国人。
(4)先行词既有人又有物。
She took photographs of the things and people that she liked during the holiday.
在假期里，她拍了一些她喜欢的人和物的照片。(5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时，用that。
Who is the man that won the gold medal?
赢得金牌的那个人是谁？
(6)在there be句型的定语从句中，
用that引导，不用which。2．whose引导定语从句，可指代人也可指代物，其在定语从句中作定语。指物时，可与of which互换，指人时，可与of whom互换。
The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
＝The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.河岸上长满树的那条河流入大海。3．as引导定语从句的用法
(1)as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same...as，such...as结构。【温馨提示】 the same...as和the same...that的区别
This is the same pen as I lost.
这支笔和我丢的一样(两支)。
This is the same pen that I lost.
这就是我丢的那支笔(同一支)。(2)as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句
之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。常译为：正如……，常见句型有：as is known to all，as is reported，as is said，as is announced，as I expect，as we all know等。
As we expected，he got here on time in spite of the heavy rain.
正如我们所预料的，尽管下着大雨，他仍准时到了。二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which(指物)和whom(指人)，
即：介词＋which/whom。
1．当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只用which或whom，关系代词不能省略。
This is the little hero of whom we are proud.这就是我们为之骄傲的小英雄。
This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.
这就是我用来写信的钢笔。
2．当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(指物)，that/whom/who(指人)作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里，房前有棵大树。
【温馨提示】 在介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句中，介词的选用和它前面的先行词或它后面的从句中的谓语动词的搭配有关。在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。例：This is the pen which I’m looking for.
不可以说：This is the pen for which I’m looking.
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词有where，when，why，在定语从句中代替先行词作状语，常可用 “介词＋which”代替。1．where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
Is this the house where Lu Xun once lived？(where＝in which)这是鲁迅先生曾经住过的房子吗？
2．when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
She still remembers the days when she was a middle school student.(when＝on which)
她仍然记得她的中学时代。3．why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
There are several reasons why we can’t do that.(why＝for which)我们不那样做有好几个理由。
【温馨提示】 case，point，stage，conditions等表示“情况，方面”的名词后可接where引导的定语从句。
He had to face the conditions where pressure was heavy.
他必须面对压力很大的情况。四、用关系代词还是关系副词
正确选用关系词的依据：①弄清关系词在从句中充当的句子成分；②辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因等；③判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的。
【温馨提示】 有时为了平衡句子结构，先行词同定语从句被隔开，应注意识别。Ⅰ.把下面的简单句改为含有定语从句的复合句
1．The old woman，being in poor health，has the habit of going to bed early.
________________________________________________________________________________The old woman，who is in poor health，has the habit of going to bed early. 2．Written in simple English，the novel is easy to read.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The novel，which is written in simple English，
is easy to read.3．Anyone wishing to take part in the sports meet may sign his name here.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Anyone who wishes to take part in the sports meet may sign his name here. 4．The boy，keeping himself at a distance，watched the fight with great interest.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The boy，who kept himself at a distance，watched the fight with great interest.5．What are the good measures to be taken to stop pollution?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What are the good measures which are to be taken to stop pollution?Ⅱ.语法填空
“I’m putting on weight！”My friend Peter often complains to me.He tries to avoid 1.________ is fat.All the food 2.________ is inside his stomach has been tested by his wife as well as himself.But nothing can prevent 3.________ from getting fat.Peter，4.________ diet is so carefully designed，is almost deperate.whatthathimwhose写作要求
根据下面提示，用英语写一篇关于大熊猫的短文。
【要点提示】
1．大熊猫是中国特有的举世闻名的野生动
物，生活在中国西部的森林地区。
2．大熊猫已存在一万多年了。3．大熊猫非常喜欢爬树，比一般动物都敏捷。
4．大熊猫最喜欢的食物是竹笋，嗜好饮水，一旦找到水源就会拼命地畅饮。
5．大熊猫是由法国人Armand David命名的。
6．大熊猫是吉祥友谊的象征，是和平友好的使者。
7．大熊猫属于濒危动物之一，中国政府建立了大熊猫自然保护区。参考词汇：竹笋：bamboo shoots
自然保护区：natural reserve
写作要点
1.中国特有的举世闻名的野生动物_____________________________________a world?famous wild animal born in China2．喜欢爬树
________________________________________
3．最喜欢的食物
________________
4．拼命地畅饮 ________________be good at/like climbing trees favo(u) rite fooddrink like crazy 5．吉详友好的象征
______________________________________
6．和平友好的使者
_____________________________________
7．濒危动物
______________________________________the symbol of luckiness and friendshipthe messenger of peace..endangered animals句式结构
1．大熊猫属于一种濒危动物。
The panda ____________ a kind of endangered animals.belongs to2．大熊猫嗜好饮水，一旦找到水源就会拼命地畅饮。(使用从句中的省略)
Pandas like drinking much water ________________________，they will drink like crazy.so when finding water3．众所周知，大熊猫是吉祥友谊的象征，又是和平友好的使者。(使用as引导的非限制性定语从句)
____________________________，the panda ___________________________ luckiness and friendship，and the messenger of peace.As is knownis the symbol of连句成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________佳作欣赏
The panda is a world?famous wild animal born in China.It only inhabits the forests in the west part of China.It has lived on the earth for more than ten thousand years.Although they have fat figures，yet pandas are better at climbing trees than any other animal.The favo(u)rite food that it depends on for living is bamboo shoots.Pandas like drinking much water so when finding
water，they will drink like crazy.Originally，the name “panda” was given by a Frenchman Armand David.As is known，the panda is the symbol of luckiness and friendship，and the messenger of peace.In fact，the panda belongs to a kind of endangered animals.However，to our joy，the Chinese government has built a natural reserve to protect the pandas.They are the true friends of humans.类文点津
描写动物的作文属于说明文的范畴，时态
应用一般现在时，人称根据具体的句子来确定，常为第三人称。写作时应使语言具有客观准确性，并做到生动形象。文章中可适当使用复杂句及连接词，使文章衔接自然并有起伏。课时作业According to statistics from the WWF, standing for World Wide Fund for Nature，over 12,000 animal species are on the brink of being extinct, including Tibetan ①antelopes,_whales, ibises and some reptiles, which lay eggs on the sands. The WWF has set up many ②branches in 90 countries in all five continents, aimed at monitoring some projects, involving founding nature reserves, protecting animals’ natural ③habitats and not wasting energy and protecting the endangered species in the world. Thanks to the WWF’s great efforts, the conditions have greatly-improved.Tibetan antelopes，feeding on grass and living on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were once in danger of ④extinction because of the poachers’ illegal hunting. Why do poachers hunt the antelope? That is because the antelope’s wool is the most ideal material for coats or ⑤shawls. 根据WWF，即世界自然保护基金组织的数
据，有12000动物物种正处于灭绝的边
缘，包括藏羚羊、鲸鱼、 ，以及一些把卵产在沙滩上的爬行动物。世界自然保护基金组织现在已经在所有的五大洲上的90个国家里建立了很多分支，目的是监督一些项目，
包括建立自然保护区，保护动物的自然栖
息地，不浪费能源以及保护世界上的濒危动物。多亏了世界自然保护基金组织的巨大努力，情况已经有很大的好转。以草为食，居住在青藏高原上的藏羚羊，因为盗猎者的非法猎杀，曾经陷入灭绝的危险中。为什么盗猎者要猎杀藏羚羊呢？那是因为藏羚羊毛是制作大衣和披肩的最理想的材料。这些羊毛很值钱。许多人担心藏羚羊的安全而作为志愿者保护它们及其他的野生生物。在战斗中，有些志愿者被杀害。这些盗猎者是如此的残忍，他们当场对捕获的藏羚羊进行剥皮。有时，警察的突击搜查使他们能没收许多的毛皮制品。同时，警察严惩商人。现在，藏羚羊的数目已有了很大的增长。这确实是一个奇迹。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件10张PPT。教材背景链接Module 6 Animals in Danger 人类的自我发展和对地球生态环境的破
坏，其恶果已经逐渐显露，据不完全统计，19世纪灭绝的动物有56种，20世纪有120多种。
自我的膨胀，将使人类本身经过一场浩劫。Top 5 most endangered animals in China
▲Giant Panda(大熊猫)
Giant Pandas are black and white bears that live in temperate-zone bamboo forests in central-western and south-western China. They are considered to be one of the best recognized animals, but are rarest animals to find around the world.Currently, they have come to be the symbol of the endangered species and there are many efforts to conserve Giant Pandas.
▲White-Flag Dolphin (白鳍豚)
The White-Flag Dolphin, described as a “living fossil” and native to China, is at extremely high-risk of extinction and may already be extinct due to the deterioration of its living environment in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.▲Golden Snub-nosed Monkey(金丝猴)
Endemic to China, Golden Snub-nosed Monkey, or scientifically known as Rhinopithecus roxellana, is one of the most beautiful and rare animals found in the world. These monkeys get their name from the short, stump of a nose on their round face, with nostrils arranged forward. They have relatively multicolored and long fur, particularly at the shoulders and backs. They grow to a length of 51 to 83 cm with a tail of 55 to 97 cm.▲South China Tiger (华南虎)
The South China Tiger, also known as Chinese tiger, is native to China’s central and southern areas. Male South China Tigers weigh 149～225 kilograms and the female are 90～120 kilograms. It is in danger of extinction.▲Crested Ibis (朱鹮)
The Crested Ibis, as large as 80 cm, has a long beak and red cheeks. Its head is partially bare and it has a dense crest of white plumes on the nape.新课导入
目前自然保护区已是这些濒危动物的最后
存留地，同时也是中国濒危动物的良好庇护所。各种濒危动物也是人类的朋友，保护濒危动物，维护地球的生态平衡，就是维护人类自身的利益，维护人类社会的稳定和可持续发展。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
