课件143张PPT。Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading速效提能演练预习多维感知 Section Ⅰ重点难点探究预习多维感知?Step One：Fast Reading
Read the text quickly and choose the best answers.
1．When and where was the first long-distance TV broadcast made?
( )DA．In 1925 in the USA.
B．In 1926 in the UK.
C．In 1928 in the UK.
D．In 1928 in both the USA and the UK.2．Who might be the inventor of the first TV?( )
A．Emile Berliner in the USA.
B．Philo Farnsworth in the USA.
C．John Logie Baird in the UK.
D．It remains uncertain.D3．Which of the following is NOT the factor that makes people living far away receive TV programme?( )
A．The use of satellite.
B．The distribution of the satellite dishes.DC．The local TV companies get the signals.
D．Many companies broadcast the same programme.
4．Before the digital recorders，how many kinds of materials were used to record sound?( )
A．Five. B．Six.
C．Seven. D．Eight.A5．It can be concluded from the text that________.
A．Video and sound devices will become increasingly easy to use
B．Video and sound devices will become more and more expensive
AC．The history of video and sound devices is no shorter than that of TV
D．The American played an important role in the development of video and sound devices?Step Two：Listening
Listen to the tape and answer the following questions.
1．Who developed the system used for most early TV broadcasts?
____________________John Logie Baird.2．Who made the first recording of a human voice?
__________________
Thomas Edison.3．What were developed by the late 1960s?
_________________________________ ___________Portable cassette players and video recorders.?Step Three：Careful Reading
Read the text and fill in the blanks.voicediscsUSARegularcolourSatellitesUKCDsVCDDVD?Step Four：Summary
According to the passage we know that the first public TV broadcasts were made in the 1.____________in 1925 while 2.____________public broadcasting followed shortly afterwards.Many peopleUSAregular3.____________to the development of TV.John Logie Baird constructed the first 4.__________TV in 1928 and 5.____________were used to broadcast TV programme in 1962.contributedcoloursatellitesThe history of recording human voice is earlier.It was in 6.____________that Thomas Edison made the first record player which had to be wound up by 7.____________and only last two minutes long.Not until by the late 1960s was the portable cassette players developed along with
1877hand8.__________recorders.From 1980s on,sound and video go 9.__________.With the development of digital technology，sound and video can now be stored on a PC，on the Internet，or all kinds of portable storage.No one can 10.____________what the future will bring.videodigitalforesee?Step Five：Discussion
If you could own only one electronic device，what would you choose？why?
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________I’d like to own a computer because it can store a lot of information and it’s very convenient for us to use them.重点难点探究1With mobile phones，we can keep in touch with others wherever we are.
不管我们身处何方都可通过手机和他人保持联系。品味经典
①It is important to keep in touch with the latest research.
及时掌握最新研究情况很重要。
自我探究
keep in touch with表示“与……保持联系”，为固定短语。
归纳拓展
be in touch with 和……有联系
be out of touch with 与……失去联系
get in touch with 和……取得联系
lose touch with 和……失去联系
②I hope you will be in touch with me shortly.
我希望你们不久就可以和我联络。
③I don’t want to lose touch with you.
我不想和你失去联系。
④Your friends and you might be out of touch for a year or more because things get so hurried nowadays.
因为现在一切都很匆忙，你和朋友们有可能一两年都不联系。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)We keep in touch________writing often.
A．with B．of
C．on D．by
解析：选D。本题容易误选A项。误以为是考查固定短语keep in touch with，其实考查的是由by引导的方式状语。所以答案为D项。
完成句子
(2)我正在设法和简取得联系。你有她的电话号码吗？
I’m trying to ________________Jane.Do you have her phone number?get in touch with(3)我与所有的老朋友都失去了联系。
I’ve ________________all my old friends.lost touch with2Regular colour TV broadcasts were delayed in the UK until 1967.
在英国定期播放彩色电视节目一直拖延到1967年。
品味经典
①The train was delayed one hour by the accident.
这班火车因事故而延误了1个小时。自我探究
delay vi.，vt.& n．耽搁，拖延，推迟。
归纳拓展
delay doing sth. 推迟做某事
without delay 毫不迟延地，立即
②Anxious about her health，he delayed telling her the matter.
由于担心她的身体，他没有马上告诉她这件事。
③Report it to our teacher without delay.
赶快将此事报告老师。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)He delayed________her the news，waiting for the right moment.
A．to tell B．telling
C．to have told D．having told
解析：选B。句意：他没有把这个消息马上告诉她，等有了适当的机会再说。delay后接动名词作宾语。tell发生在谓语动词之后，因此排除选项D。完成句子
(2)他迟迟未回信。
He__________________the letter.
(3)我的航班因为大雨推迟了。
My flight ________________because of the heavy rain.delayed answeringwas delayed3They also make TV accessible to people who live far away from cities，...
它们也让住在远离城市的人们看到了电视节目，……
品味经典
①The island is accessible only by boat.
只有乘小船才能到达这座岛屿。
②Premier Wen is accessible to the whole people.
温总理让全国人们都感到平易近人。
自我探究
accessible adj.可接近的，可进入的；可使用的；
be accessible to...可接近的；可靠近的；可使用的。
归纳拓展
(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性
have/get/obtain/gain access to...拥有……的机会；可以接近；进入
give access to 接近；准许进入③The only means of access to the quake-hit area is along a muddy track.
进入震区的惟一通道是一条泥泞的小路。
④Here is the easiest access to the problem.
这是解决问题的最容易的方法。易混辨析
accessible，available
⑤Susan is not accessible to strangers.
陌生人无法接近苏珊。
⑥The doctor is not available now.
那位医生现在没空。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)Frank put the medicine in a top drawer to make sure it would not be________to the kids.
A．accessible B．relative
C．acceptable D．sensitive
解析：选A。考查形容词词义辨析。be accessible to可接近的；可靠近的；be relative to和……有关系；be acceptable to为……所接受；be sensitive to对……敏感，易接受。A项最合题意。完成句子
(2)学生必须有使用好图书馆的权利。
Students must ________________a good library.
(3)大众无法看到这些文件。
These documents are not________________the public.have access toaccessible to4Of course，only a small percentage of people own satellite dishes.
当然，只有一小部分人拥有自己的卫星天线。
品味经典
①California is a state with a high percentage of immigrants.
加利福尼亚是一个移民比例很高的州。
②A large percentage of the hotel’s income is from the visitors to the lake nearby.
那家旅馆的收入大部分来自于参观附近那个湖的游客。
自我探究
percentage n．[C，U]百分比；百分率；
“a percentage of＋n.”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与of后的名词保持一致。
易混辨析
percent，percentage③At the moment，about 80 percent of web traffic is in English，but this percentage is going down.
目前，大约80%的网络信息是用英语传输的，但是这个百分比将不断下降。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)________percentage of his income is taxable?
A．What B．How
C．How much D．How many解析：选A。句意为“他收入的百分之多少需要纳税？”表示“百分比的多少”只能用what来提问。另外，表示“比率高低”常用high，large，small，low等来修饰。用percent，percentage填空
(2)I am a hundred____________in agreement with you.
(3)This company only supply 30____________of what we need.
(4)The numbers are small，in____________terms，but significant.percentpercentpercentage5The first record players had to be wound up by hand and only played records that were two minutes long.
最早的留声机必须手摇上发条，而且只能播放两分钟长的录音。
品味经典
①Tom wound his clock before he went to bed.
汤姆睡觉之前给钟上了发条。
②He wound the wool into a ball.
他把毛线缠绕成一团。
③The path wound down to the beach.
这条小路弯弯曲曲通向海滩。自我探究
wind (wound，wound)vt.& vi.上发条；缠；绕；蜿蜒；曲折而行；迂回。
归纳拓展
wind up 给……上发条；结束(讲话、会议等)
wind sth.into a ball 把……绕成一团
wind one’s way 蜿蜒前进
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)Before I________，there are two more things to be said.
A．turn up B．come up
C．wind up D．hold up
解析：选C。turn up意思是“调大；出现”；come up意思是“出现；发生”；wind up意思是“结束”；hold up意思是“阻挡；举起”。根据题干内容可知，C项正确。句意：在结束(谈话)之前，我还有两件事要说一下。
完成句子
(2)小女孩把玩具机器人的发条扭紧，让它走起来。
The girl ________________the toy robot and let it walk.
(3)几点了？我忘了给手表上发条了。
What time is it？I forgot to____________________.
wound upwind up my watch6 Who can foresee what the future will bring?
谁能预见未来会带来什么呢？
品味经典
①No one can foresee what will happen in the future.
谁也无法预见将来会发生什么事。
②He foresaw that it would rain before morning.
他预知清晨之前就会下雨。
自我探究
foresee vt. (foresaw，foreseen)预见；预知。
归纳拓展
fore(在前)＋see(看见)→foresee(预见)。类似的还有forecast(预见，预报)；foretell(预言，预示)；forego(走在……的前面，居先)等等。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)Those who can________difficulties on their way to success may keep calm when they really appear.
A．know B．say
C．foresee D．speak
解析：选C。know“知道”；say“说”；foresee“预见”；speak“讲”，通常用来指讲某种语言。句意为“在走向成功的路途中，能够预见到困难的人在困难真正出现的时候常常能保持冷静”。
完成句子
(2)可以预见，如果不能尽快靠岸登陆,我们必死无疑。
We could ________________we would die if we could not reach land very soon.foresee that7John Logie Baird constructed the first colour TV in 1928，but it was not until 1938 that the first colour TV programme was broadcast.
约翰·洛吉·贝尔德于1928年制造出第一台彩色电视机，但直到1938年，第一个彩色电视节目才播出。
品味经典
①It was not until she spoke that I realized she was Mary.
直到她开口说话我才认出她是玛丽。
②Was it in the house that he did it?
他就是在这座房子里做的那件事吗？
③When is it that they will leave for Beijing?
他们什么时候动身去北京？
④Can you tell me where it was that Tom saw our teacher last Sunday?
你能告诉我汤姆上周日是在哪里看到我们老师的吗？自我探究
本句为not until的强调句式，其形式为：It is/was not until...that＋句子其他成分；一般疑问式为：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分；特殊疑问式为：特殊疑问词＋is/was it that＋句子其他部分。当这种疑问句中的强调结构出现在宾语从句中时，要注意其语序为陈述语序。
归纳拓展
(1)强调句型基本结构是It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...。强调句型的特点是把It is/was和that/who...去掉后，句子还是完整的。
(2)It was...that...也有可能是主语从句。不要养成思维定势的习惯，要根据句意来确定该句型是强调句还是主语从句。⑤It is important that you (should) stop smoking.
你应该停止抽烟，这很重要。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2011年高考湖南卷)It’s not what we do once in a while________shapes our lives，but what we do consistently.
A．which B．that
C．how D．when
解析：选B。考查强调句型。此句强调句子的主语(从句),原句可改写成：Not what we do once in a while but what we do consistently shapes our lives.句意：决定我们生活的东西不是我们偶尔所做的事情而是那些我们自始至终所做的事情。(2)—________that he managed to get the information?
—Oh，a friend of his helped him.
A．Where was it B．What was it
C．How was it D．Why was it
解析：选C。该题考查强调句与其他特殊句型的连用。其顺序是：“特殊疑问词＋is/was＋that＋陈述句”。由第二句的答语可知是他的一个朋友帮助他成功得到信息的，因此第一句强调的方式，故C项正确。(3)It was________he came back from Africa that year________he met the girl he would like to marry.
A．when；then B．not；until
C．not until；that D．only；when
解析：选C。本题混合考查了强调句型和until引导时间状语从句的用法。句意：那年，他从非洲回来之后遇到了他想迎娶的女孩儿。题干属于强调句型，去掉强调句型的基本框架后该句变为：He didn’t meet the girl he would like to marry until he cameback from Africa that year.题干所强调的是until引导的时间状语从句，此时主句中的not应置于until之前，故第一空用not until；第二空用that，that用于构成强调句型的基本框架。
分别就划线部分改为强调句
(4)I came across Jim in the park yesterday.
昨天，我在公园偶遇吉姆。
It was I that/who came across Jim in the park yesterday.
It was Jim that/who I came across in the park yesterday.
It was in the park that I came across Jim yesterday.
It was yesterday that I came across Jim in the park.
→_________________________________ ___________________
→_________________________________ ___________________
→_________________________________ _________________
→________________________________ ________________句型转换
(5)A：I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her sunglasses.
B：It was __________ she took off her sunglasses ________ I realized she was a famous film star.not until that8It took more than two decades，though，until 1951，for regular colour TV broadcasts to begin in the USA.
但是，一直到1951年彩色电视节目才得以在美国开播，这一变化历时20多年。(1)It takes some time to do sth.
品味经典
It took her two hours to clean the house.
她打扫房子用了两个小时。
自我探究
It takes＋时间/精力＋(for sb./sth.)to do sth.表示“做某事花费……多少时间/精力”，可用“It takes (sb./sth.)＋时间/精力＋to do sth.”替换。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2011年高考北京卷)—That must have been a long trip.
—Yeah，it________us a whole week to get there.
A．takes B．has taken
C．took D．was taking
解析：选C。考查时态。句中的must have been是对过去情况的肯定推测，表明谈论的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故选C项。
(2)I clean my room once a week，and it________me two hours to do the job.
A．costs B．takes
C．pays D．spends
解析：选B。It takes sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多少时间，为常用句型。
用cost，pay，spend，take的适当形式填空
(3)It____________her two hours to walk to the station.
(4)I have to____________20 pounds for this room each month.tookpay(5)I____________two hours on this maths problem yesterday evening.
(6)How much does your pen____________？
spentcost(2)though
品味经典
①There’s no excuse，though，for forgetting her birthday.
可是忘记她的生日是说不过去的。
②I told you to shut the door.You didn’t shut it，though.
我告诉你关上门，可是你没关。
自我探究
句中though用作副词，意为“然而”或“但是”，表示转折关系。它位于句尾时,其前通常要有一个逗号；当它位于句中时，其前后通常各用一个逗号，它的这种用法与副词however一样。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(7)(2010年高考浙江卷)Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun.Isn’t it rather risky，________？
A．though B．also
C．either D．too
解析：选A。句意：在结冰的运动场上玩听起来很有趣，然而，是不是太危险了呢？此处though放在句末，表示“然而，可是”，是副词，而不是连词，符合句意。
9Satellites allow TV to be broadcast live over vast distances，with everyone receiving the same broadcast at the same time.
卫星让远距离直播电视节目成为可能,大家在同一时间可以收到相同的电视节目。品味经典
①He lay there with his eyes looking at the sky.
他躺在那里，眼睛看着天空。
②With the problem solved，we all felt very happy.
问题解决了，我们都很高兴。③The teacher came in with some textbooks under his arm.
老师走了进来，腋下夹着课本。
④When he is eating，he doesn’t speak with his mouth full of food.
当吃东西时，他不能在满嘴食物的情况下说话。自我探究
句中“with everyone receiving the same broadcast”为with引导的复合结构，即独立主格结构，在句中作状语。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)You have no idea how she finished the relay race________her foot wounded so much.
A．for B．when
C．with D．while
解析：选C。本题考查with＋复合宾语的用法。此处wounded为her foot的宾语补足语。其余三项为连词，后
接句子，前应加was。句意：你不知道她的脚伤得那么严重是怎么跑完接力赛的。
完成句子
(2)那个老人睡着了，收音机还响着。
The old man fell asleep with his radio still ____________.
(3)汤姆举着手站了一会儿。
Tom stood for a moment with his hand still ____________.workingraised(4)由于有那么多工作要做，我们不能再在外面玩了。
With ___________________，we can’t play outside any longer.
(5)那个妇女坐在椅子上，怀里抱着个小孩。
The woman sat on the chair，with a baby____________.
so much work to doin her arms(6)什么也没穿，那个皇帝在街上走。
With nothing__________，the emperor walked in the street.
on译文助读
The evolution of video and sound devicesEarly history of TV
The first public TV broadcasts were made in the USA in 1925.Later，in 1928，the first long-distance TV broadcast was made between the UKand the USA.Regular public broadcasting followed shortly afterwards，first beginning on 11 May 1928 in New York and on 20 August 1929 in London.
Many different people contributed to the development of TV.Most early TV broadcasts were made using a system developed by John Logie Baird in the UK.
However，his system was very primitive and had manydrawbacks.An American，Philo Farnsworth，made important breakthroughs in the development of TV in the late 1920s and early 1930s.Modern TVs use many of the principles first discovered by Farnsworth.John Logie Baird constructed the first colour TV in 1928，but it was not until 1938 that the first colour TV programme was broadcast.It took more than two decades，though，until 1951，for regular colour TV broadcasts to begin in the
USA.Regular colour TV broadcasts were delayed in the UK until 1967.However，within a short time nearly all TV broadcasts were made in colour，and within five years more colour TVs than black-and-white TVs were being used.The modern age：satellite TV
Satellites were used to broadcast TV beginning in 1962.Satellites allow TV to be broadcast live over vast distances，with everyone receiving the same broadcast at the same time.They also make TV accessible to people who livefar away from cities，and satellite dishes can often be seen distributed throughout the countryside and remote areas.Of course，only a small percentage of people own satellite dishes.However，most people still benefit from satellite TV，as local TV
companies broadcast the signals they get from satellite receivers to the population living nearby.影像和声音设备的发展
电视的早期历史
无线电视传输节目于1925年在美国首次公开播出。随后在1928年，英美两国之间第一次实现了远距离电视播送。之后不久便开始定期向公众播放，在纽约的开播时间是1928年5月11日，在伦敦的开播时间是1929年8月20日。
很多不同的人对电视的发展做出了贡献。早期电视大多使用由英国人约翰·洛吉·贝尔德开发的系统。
然而，他的系统非常原始，有许多缺点。20世纪20年代末和30年代初，美国人斐洛·法恩斯沃斯在电视的研发上取得了重大突破。现代电视机使用了许多由法恩斯沃斯首先发现的原理。约翰·洛吉·贝尔德于1928年制造出第一台彩色电视机，但直到1938年第一个彩色电视节目才播出。彩色电视节目到1951年才得以在美国定期播出，其间经历了二十多年的时间。在英国，定期的彩色电视节目的播出一直延迟
至1967年。然而，在短时间内，几乎所有的电视节目都被制作成了彩色的,不出五年，彩色电视机的使用率就超过了黑白电视机。当代：卫星电视
卫星用于播送电视节目始于1962年。卫星让远距离直播电视节目成为可能,大家在同一时间可以收到相同的电视节目。它们也使远离城市的人们可以收看电视，在农村和边远地区经常可以看到卫星天线。当然，只有一小部分人拥有自己的卫星天线。然而，大多数人仍然受益于卫星电视，因为当地的电视公司把从卫星接收器接收到的信号传送给附近的居民。Early history of sound recorders
It all began in 1877，when Thomas Edison made the first recording of a human voice on his invention，the record player.Early record players used round tubes to record on.However，in 1887 Emile Berliner,a
German living in the USA，invented a record player that used discs as alternatives to tubes，and so the modern record player was born.The first record players had to be wound up by hand and only played records that were two minutes long.Times surely have changed!Sound and video recorders
In 1928，the first tape recorders used to copy sound were made in Germany.Most early recorders employed steel tape to record on，which made them heavy and difficult to use，or paper tape，which waseasier to use but often broke.It was not until the early 1950s that most tape recorders began using plastic tape as they do today.Meanwhile，electrical components eventually became so small that，by the late 1960s，portable cassette players were
developed，along with video recorders which were used by TV stations.By the late 1970s，video recorders small and cheap enough for home use were introduced.Sound and video go digital
In 1982，the first CDs were made available.CDs are often used for storing and playing music because they have a much better sound quality than traditional records and cassettes.In 1993，the VCD was
born,and in 1995，the DVD was invented.The DVD is now the standard for recording and playing back video.The future
With the development of digital technology，sound and video can now be stored on a PC，on the Internet，or using some form of portable storage.This will soon make records，cassette recorders，CDs，DVDs and
even TVs things of the past.Technology is now changing faster than most people can keep pace with.Who can foresee what the future will bring?录音机的早期历史
一切始于1877年，这一年托马斯·爱迪生用他发明的留声机第一次录制了人的声音。早期的录音机是使用圆管记录声音的。然而，在1887年，一位侨居美国的德国人埃米尔·贝利纳发明了使用唱片来代替圆管的留声机，这样
现代录音机就诞生了。最早的留声机必须手摇上发条，而且只能播放两分钟长的录音。时代确实已经改变！录音机和录像机
1928年，第一批磁带录音机在德国制造出来。大多数最早的录音机用钢质磁带或者纸质磁带录音。钢质磁带很沉，使用起来困难；纸质磁带用起来虽方便，但常常破损。直到20世纪50年代初，大多数录音机才开始使用塑料磁带，就跟现在一样。同时，电器元件最终变得很小，到60年代后期，便携式录音机被研制出来，电视台使用的录像机也随之出现。到了20世纪70年代末，足够小巧而价廉的家用录像机被采用。
声音和视频数字化
1982年，最早的CD光盘出现了。它们通常用来存储和播放音乐,其音质远远胜过任何传统的唱片和卡带录音机。1993年VCD诞生，1995年DVD问世。目前，DVD是标准的视频录制和回放设备。
未来展望
随着数字技术的发展，声音和视频现在可以储存在个人电脑上、互联网上,或使用某种形式的便携式储存设备储存。这将很快使唱片、卡带录音机、CD、DVD甚至电视成为过去。技术变革快得大多数人难以跟上。谁能预见未来会带来什么呢？
课件89张PPT。Section Ⅱ Word power & Grammar and usage重点难点探究速效提能演练语法专题突破 Section Ⅱ重点难点探究1We had a casual conversation in the waiting room.
我们在候诊室进行了闲聊。品味经典
①He tried to appear casual.
他试图显得随便一点。
②My car had stalled and I sought help from casual passers-by.
我的车发动不起来了，我就向碰巧路过的人求助。
自我探究
casual adj.随便的，漫不经心的；偶然的，碰巧的。归纳拓展
be casual about 对……漫不经心
③She is casual about winning the prize.
她对获奖漫不经心。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)His wife is very________about dress and she is strongly________wearing________clothes on formal occasions.
A．special；against；informal
B．particular；opposed to；casual
C．especial；against；casual
D．strict；opposed to；usual解析：选B。句意：他的妻子对服装很挑剔，她强烈反对在正式的场合穿休闲服。第一个空考查的是particular，意为“挑剔”，和casual“漫不经心”意思正好相反，但是用法是一样的。第二个空考查的是be opposed to，意为“反对”。完成句子
(2)他无所谓的态度令我恼火。
________________manner annoyed me.His casual2It was obvious that he was suffering great pain when he talked.
显然谈话时他非常疼痛。品味经典
①The question is so obvious as to need no reply.
这问题很清楚，不必回答。
②Don’t cheat yourself by telling such obvious lies.
你不要用这种明显的谎言欺骗自己了。自我探究
obvious adj.明显的，显而易见的。归纳拓展
be obvious to sb.对某人来说很清楚
It is obvious that...显然……
obviously adv.显然③It’s obvious that you are wrong.
显然你错了。
④Obviously，you didn’t read it.
显然你没有读它。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)It’s ________that a man isn’t strong enough to lift an elephant.
A．clear B．evident
C．obvious D．visible
解析：选C。clear“清楚的”；evident推理或事实证明事物“明显的”；obvious“明显的”；visible“可看得见的”。根据句意选择C项。句意：很显然，一个人是不能举起大象的。完成句子
(2)每个人都可看出她很失望。
Her disappointment________________everyone.
(3)这一改变对你方显然有利。
Your side has________________by the change.was obvious toobviously gained3Many customers don’t know much about how to use them，so you will need to study how to operate these products and be able to explain how they fun_ction.
许多顾客不知道如何使用，所以你需要学习如何操作这些产品并能解释它们的功能。品味经典
①When and where to hold the meeting hasn’t been decided so far.
在什么时间什么地点举行会议到现在为止还没有确定下来。
②I don’t know what to do next.
我不知道下一步该怎么办。
③The trouble lies where to find so many boats.
麻烦在于到哪儿找这么多的小船。
自我探究
在句中how to use them和how to operate these products为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。
疑问代词who，what，which等和疑问
副词when，where，how等后面跟不定式，构成“疑问词＋不定式”结构，这种结构在句中可以作主语、宾语(用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，advise，discuss，find out等后作宾语)和表语等。归纳拓展
(1)利用“疑问词＋不定式”结构可以把复合句转化为简单句。
④His wife told him when he should go home.,＝His wife told him when to go home.
他的妻子告诉他何时该回家。(2)因为“疑问词＋不定式”结构相当于一个名词性从句，所以可用同等成分的从句代替，从而把简单句转化为复合句。改写时只需在疑问词后加上适当的主语，并把不定式改为适当的谓语即可。⑤Which to choose is important.
＝Which we should choose is important.
我们要选哪个至关重要。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2011年高考辽宁卷)Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach________to read fast.
A．what B．who
C．how D．why解析：选C。考查名词性从句。句意：20个学生想要去听旨在教授如何快速阅读的课程。根据句子结构可知，“that aims to teach________to read fast”是定语从句，修饰先行词class，在此定语从句中，teach后接的宾语从句中缺少表示方式的连接词，故how正确。此处为“连接词＋to do”结构。(2)I’ve worked with children before，so I know what________in my new job.
A．expected B．to expect
C．to be expecting D．expects解析：选B。本题考查“疑问词＋不定式”结构。what to expect...在句中作know的宾语，可转化成宾语从句：what I will expect...。
完成句子
(3)问题是何时开始。
The problem is ________________.
when to start4Digital cameras are very popular nowadays，especially the ones that have a video fun_ction.
数码相机现在很受欢迎，尤其是那些有录像功能的。品味经典
①We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones.
我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。②I want some big apples，like the ones on the desk.
我想要一些大苹果，就像桌子上的那些那样。
③The children from the United States are different from the ones from China.
来自美国的孩子不同于来自中国的孩子。
自我探究
the ones为替代词，指代前句中的digital cameras；关系代词that引导定语从句修饰the ones。the ones用来替代前面特指的复数名词，有时可用those代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)。易混辨析
it，one，that，those牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2010年高考陕西卷)The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than________in any other area of the city.
A．that B．this
C．it D．one解析：选A。句意：在西安市中心租一套房子的费用比在该市任何其他地区租一套房子的费用都要高。根据句意可知，空白处指代the cost of renting a house，故用that。(2)(2011年高考福建卷)We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose ________ based on your own interests.
A．either B．each
C．one D．it解析：选C。考查代词。根据语意可知应该是选择这些不同的夏令营中的一种，所以用one，相当于a summer camp。either表示在两者中进行选择；each表示“每一个”；it指代前面出现过的同一事物。用it，that，one填空
(3)She has bought a recorder.I want to buy __________，too.
(4)There are only three pens：red，green and blue in the shop；she has to buy the red____________.
oneone(5)The weather in Kunming is better than ____________in Wuhan.
(6)He has a new car and she also wants to buy __________.
thatone5I think the other section，with the household appliances，will be much easier to work in.
我认为在另一个家用电器区工作更容易一些。品味经典
①The problem is hard to deal with.
这个问题很难处理。
②The coffee is bitter to taste.
这咖啡尝起来是苦的。自我探究
此句型属于“sb./sth.＋be＋adj.＋to do”结构。在此句型中，动词不定式短语作状语，但其逻辑主语不是句子主语，其逻辑主语往往可以用
“for＋sb.”引出或省略，这时不定式与句子主语虽然是动宾关系，不定式仍然用主动形式表被动意义，当不定式动词为不及物动词时，需加相应的介词。归纳拓展
用于此句型中的形容词多为轻(light)重(heavy)难(difficult/hard)易(easy)舒适(comfortable)等。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)He took________for granted that the problem is easy________.
A．it；to be solved
B．it；to solve
C．that；to be solved
D．that；to solve解析：选B。take it for granted，it此处为形式宾语，而真正的宾语为that从句。且从句为“sb./sth.＋be＋adj.＋to do”结构，easy作表语，故选B。完成句子
(2)这个问题不易回答。
This question ____________________.
(3)这椅子坐上去很舒服。
The chair __________________________.is not easy to answeris very comfortable to sit on6I was sitting in the waiting room when a young man entered.
我正坐在候诊室，这时一个年轻人走进来。品味经典
①We were discussing the problem when there was a power failure.
我们正在讨论问题，这时突然停电了。
②He was walking in the street when he met an old friend.
他正在街上走着，这时遇到了一位老朋友。
自我探究
此句中when是并列连词，相当于and just then或and just at that time，意为“正在这时/那时”。句式结构为：be doing...when...表示“正做……，这时……”。
归纳拓展
(1)be about to do...when正要做……，这时……
(2)was/were on the point of doing...when...正要做……，这时……
(3)had done...when...刚刚做完……，这时……③We were about to leave when a big noise came from the next room.
我们正要离开，那时隔壁突然传出了巨大的声响。
④We had just finished the operation when the machine had a breakdown.
我们刚完成那个手术，机器就突然坏了。⑤The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady’s handbag when the bus suddenly stopped.
小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提包时，车突然停了。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2011年高考浙江卷)One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away ________ my daughter heard cries for help.
A．after B．while
C．since D．when
解析：选D。考查连词辨析。语意表示我们正在收拾行李，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。be doing...when...表示“正在做某事，这时(突然)……”，是常用结构，故选D项。(2)We were swimming in the lake________suddenly the storm came.
A．when B．while
C．until D．before解析：选A。...be doing sth...when...意思是“正在做……突然……”，因此答案为A项。句意为“我们正在湖里游泳，这时暴风雨突然来了”。
完成句子
(3)他刚上床睡觉电话铃就响了。
He had just gone to bed____________________.when the phone rang(4)我正在河边钓鱼，就在那时有人求救。
I ____________ by the river________someone called for help.
was fishingwhen(5)我刚刚做完了作业这时你来看我。
I________________________________when you visited me.had finished (doing) my homework语法专题突破品味语法
1．The story can’t interest the children.
这个故事并不能使孩子们感到有趣。
2．Can you lend me your bike?
你能把你的自行车借我用用吗？3．I’ll have my lung X-rayed.
我要把肺部透视一下。
4．Her back ached.她的背痛。
5．The child is playing.这小孩在玩。
6．The child is playing the piano.
这小孩在弹钢琴。
自我探究
1．英语中的实义动词(也叫行为动词)根据其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词就是其后必须跟宾语的动词。不及物动词就是不能直接带宾语的动词。
2．有些及物动词后可跟双宾语，直接宾语为动词直接涉及的事物；间接宾语往往指涉及的人。有些及物动词后也可跟复合结构。
3．许多情况下，一些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。讲解归纳
及物动词和不及物动词
一、基本概念
英语中的动词，可分为及物动词(Transitive Verb)和不及物动词(Intransitive Verb)，缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.。
1．及物动词：其后可直接跟宾语，并且必须跟有宾语才能使其意义完整。
Countries want independence.国家要独立。在want之后如果没有independence，其意义就不完整，所以want是及物动词。
2．不及物动词：其本身意义已经完整，后面不必跟宾语。
The sun rises.太阳升起。
二、及物动词
及物动词是必须带宾语的动词，可分为如下两类。
1．及物动词＋宾语
I love my home.我爱我家。
He bought an English dictionary.他买了一本英语词典。2．及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
She taught us maths.她教我们数学。
My mother gave me a new pen.母亲给了我一支新钢笔。
常用的能接双宾语的及物动词有：
give，teach，buy，lend，find，hand，leave，sell，show，read，pay，make，offer，build，pass，bring，cook三、不及物动词
1．不及物动词不需要跟宾语，本身意义完整。
He is running.他在跑。
(run这个动词就是不及物动词，后面不能加sth.，不能说跑什么东西。)She came last week.她上周来的。
It is raining hard.正下着大雨。
Class began at half past seven.7点半开始上课。
What happened yesterday？昨天发生了什么事？
2．还有一种是后面不能直接接宾语,动词后要加一个介词，才可以接宾语。
The children are listening to the music.孩子们正在听音乐。(listen是不及物动词)
四、分清及物和不及物动词
分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况：
1．主要用作及物的动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于：“主＋谓＋宾”；“主＋谓＋双宾”；“主＋谓＋宾＋宾补”结构。He reached Paris the day before yesterday.他前天到达了巴黎。
Please hand me the book over there.请递给我那书。
They asked me to go fishing with them.他们要求我和他们去钓鱼。
常见的及物动词有：buy，catch，invent，found，like，observe，offer，prevent，promise，raise，find，forget，receive，regard，see，say，seat，supply，select，suppose，show，make，take，tell2．主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用于：“主＋谓”结构。
This is the room where I once lived.
这是我曾经居住的房间。
类似的不及物动词还有：agree，go，work，listen，look，come，die，belong，fall，exist，rise,arrive，sit，sail，hurry，fail，succeed3．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。
Everybody，our game begins.各位，游戏开始了。
Let us begin our game.让我们开始做游戏。(begin都是作“开始”讲)
类似的还有：start，answer，sing，close，consider，insist，read，learn，prepare，pay，hurt，improve4．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。
这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。
We saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.(云消散后，我们看到了山。vi.消散)He lifted his glass and drank.他举起他的杯子并且喝了。(vt.升高，举起)
类似的还有：
课件159张PPT。Section Ⅲ Task & Project速效提能演练写作专题突破 Section Ⅲ重点难点探究重点难点探究1This great all-round electronic dictionary gives you Chinese to English translation，as well as English to Chinese translation.
这种极好的，功能齐全的电子词典不仅能给你们提供英汉翻译，也能提供汉英翻译。品味经典
①The electronic music is becoming more and more popular.
电子音乐越来越受大家的欢迎。
②This heavy freighter is driven by two electric motors.
这辆重型运输汽车是由两台电动机驱动的。
③An electric shock can kill you.
电击可置人于死地。
自我探究
electronic adj.电子的；electric adj.用电的；发电的；electrical adj.电力的。易混辨析
electronic，electrical，electric④Lots of electronic equipment is needed for large theatres.
大剧院需要很多电子设备。
⑤This machine has an electrical fault.
这台机器有电器故障。
⑥It’s so hot today，but the electric fan isn’t working.
今天真热，但电扇坏了。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)The famous________engineer always repairs________machines for the factory.
A．electric；electrical B．electrical；electric
C．electric；electric
D．electrical；electrical解析：选B。electrical engineer“电机工程师”；electric machines“电机”。句意为“那位著名的电机工程师经常为工厂修理电机”。完成句子
(2)我认为是电力出了故障。
I think there is an____________fault.
(3)我被这根电线电击了一下。
I got an________________from the wire.electricalelectric shock2Especially suitable for people with a reading disability，the Stylus Pen Ⅲ keeps the last 80 words scanned for easy review.
尤其对于那些阅读能力不强的人，the Stylus Ⅲ笔能够一次扫描80个单词，易于浏览。品味经典
①The program is not suitable for children.
这个节目不适合儿童。
②This kind of food is suitable for patients with heart disease.
这种食品适合心脏病人吃。③Applicants for the post must have suitable diploma.
该岗位申请者必须要有适当的文凭。
自我探究
suitable adj.合适的，适合的，适用的。归纳拓展
sth.is suitable for sth./to do sth.某物适合……
sb.is fit for sth./to do sth.某人适合……
sb.is suited to/for sth./to do sth.某人适合……sth.is suited to/for sb.……适合某人
suit n.一套，一组，一副；vt.适合，适应，使中意；vi.适合，适当
a suit of clothes一套衣服
suit oneself随自己的意愿行事
suit sth.to sth./sb.使某事物适合于某事物/某人
易混辨析
suit，match，fit④Does the time suit you？这个时间对你合适吗？
⑤The curtains and the carpets match perfectly.
窗帘和地毯十分协调。
⑥The new coat fits me well.
这件新衣服我穿着大小正合适。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)They found us a house close to our campus，which________us very much.
A．fit B．suited
C．matched D．compared解析：选B。句意：他们为我们找了一套靠近校园的房子，这对我们很方便。suit可以表示“某事物或某种安排适合某人”。完成句子
(2)穿这套衣服参加玛丽的婚礼合适吗？
Would this dress ______________wear for Mary’s wedding?
(3)要是你想坐公共汽车走，那对我也合适。
If you want to go by bus，that ________________.be suitable tosuits me fine3The Amish reject cars because they like having tight communities where everyone lives close together.
阿曼门诺派教徒拒绝汽车，因为他们喜欢享有关系紧密的社区，在这里大家一起住得很近。品味经典
①He rejected their invitation directly.
他直截了当地拒绝了他们的邀请。
②She rejected telling us the truth.她拒不对我们讲实情。
③He rejected the old records.他丢弃了那些旧唱片。
自我探究
reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃，reject后面通常跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不跟不定式。
易混辨析
reject，refuse，decline牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)Mary’s mother________to let her go abroad to study.
A．refused B．declined
C．turned down D．rejected解析：选A。句意为“玛丽的妈妈不愿意让她出国学习”。decline一般表示礼貌地拒绝别人的邀请；turn down/reject一般不跟不定式作宾语。用reject，refuse，decline的适当形式填空
(2)她不肯帮助我。
She____________to help me.
(3)他担心她会因他是外国人而拒绝他。
He was afraid she would______________him because he was a foreigner.refusedrefuse/reject(4)他礼貌地谢绝提名。
He____________the nomination politely.declined4Since the Amish value seeing each other face to face，they oppose having telephones in their houses.
由于阿曼门诺派教徒重视彼此面对面地交往，他们反对在住宅里装电话。品味经典
①How dare you oppose me?
你怎么敢反对我？
②Many residents are opposed to the plan of building the motorway.
许多居民反对修建那条高速公路的计划。自我探究
oppose vt.反对；使反对，使相对，使对抗；opposed是形容词，意为“反对的，敌对的”。归纳拓展
be opposed to sth. 反对……
oppose sth.with sth. 使……和……相对
oppose oneself to sth. 反对某事
易混辨析
oppose，object③He doesn’t oppose the plan at all.
他根本不反对这个计划。
④She objects to being scolded in public.
她不想被当众谴责。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)Our members are definitely________making concessions on the safety question.
A．devoted to B．used to
C．opposed to D．objected to解析：选C。句意：我们的成员绝对反对在安全问题上让步。be opposed to sth.反对……；be devoted to致力于……；be used to习惯于……；object to反对，不用被动。注意这几个to都是介词。完成句子
(2)所有与会成员都坚决反对这个计划。
All the members present_________________________bitterly.opposed/objected to the plan(3)他父母反对这桩婚事。
His parents are________________the marriage.opposed to5For example，no matter what the circumstances，when the phone rings,everything stops so that the call can be answered.
例如，无论在什么情况下，当电话铃声响起时，为了能接电话，一切都要停下来。品味经典
①The circumstances forced me to accept.
环境迫使我不得不同意。自我探究
circumstance n．情形；情况；环境，常用复数形式。
归纳拓展
under the circumstances
＝in the circumstances在这些情况下；情况既然如此
under no circumstances
＝in no case；never无论如何不；决不②Under no circumstances will I believe you.
无论如何，我都不会相信你。
易混辨析
circumstance，environment，surroundings
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)They have been living in reduced________since John lost his job.
A．circumstances B．environment
C．surroundings D．setting解析：选A。句意：约翰失业后，他们一直生活拮据。circumstances“情形，情况”。environment指的是“社会环境和自然环境”；surroundings指的是“周围所有的事物”；setting指的是背景。用circumstance，environment，surroundings的适当形式填空
(2)Maybe under these_______________we may say that man can conquer nature.
(3)We live happily in the beautiful______________.
(4)Children need a happy home____________.circumstances surroundingsenvironment6 For some reason，a typical mobile phone call is nearly always given greater importance than a face-to-face conversation.
由于某种原因，一个平常的手机来电几乎总是被赋予比面对面交谈更多的重要性。品味经典
①It is typical of him to forget.
他这个人就是爱忘事。
②It’s typical of her to be late.
她这个人就是爱迟到。
③This painting is typical of his early work.
这幅画是他早期的代表作。
自我探究
typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；象征性的；不出所料；特有的。
be typical of...是……的代表/象征。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)Jack is late again.It is________of him to keep others waiting.
A．normal B．ordinary
C．common D．typical
解析：选D。本题考查形容词的辨析。normal正常的；ordinary普通的；common常见的；typical典型的，代表性的。只有D项符合题意。完成句子
(2)他总是如此冷酷无情。
It was ________________to be so merciless.
(3)这是有当地风味的饭菜。
This meal is ____________ local cookery.typical of himtypical of7Maybe we should rid ourselves of modern technology and return to simpler times.
也许我们应该使我们自己摆脱现代技术，回到更为简单的时代。品味经典
①They are trying to rid the house of mice.
他们正试图清除房子中的老鼠。
②The man rid himself of debt at last.
这个人最终还清了债务。自我探究
rid vt.& vi.摆脱；除去，rid...of摆脱；除去。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)Left at home alone，he felt afraid and couldn’t________himself________fear.
A．put；into B．tire；of
C．rid；of D．protect；from解析：选C。rid...of摆脱；除去，符合句意。
完成句子
(2)染上吸烟的恶习很容易，但要戒掉却很困难。
It’s easy to get into the bad habit of smoking but hard to________________.get rid of it8 Not everything that you hear is very important.
你所听到的东西并非都重要。
品味经典
①All that glitter is not gold.
发光的未必都是金子。
②The rich are not always happy.
有钱人并非总是幸福的。
③Money is not everything.
金钱不等于一切。
④Not both brothers are here.
两兄弟不都在这儿。
自我探究
not everything表示部分否定。
英语中的all，both，every，everybody，everything，complete，whole，always，altogether等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都，并非都或并非每一个”等意思。
【注意】 在部分否定中，not只要与具有总括意义的词连用，在同一个句子中，可位于句首也可位于句中。
归纳拓展
对上述的all，both，always，every(-)进行全部否定时，要分别用与之相对的全否定词none，neither，never，no(-)牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2010年高考重庆卷)He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found________of them again.
A．neither B．either
C．each D．all
解析：选B。考查代词的用法。根据题干中的temper和health可知此处表示两者，且表示否定意义。never found either of them相当于found neither of them。
完成句子
(2)并非每个人都能上大学。
________________goes to college.
(3)他们俩都不知道答案。
________________knows the answer.
(4)他们从未听说过那个消息。
They____________heard the news.Not everyoneNeither of themhad never9 When asked later what the call was about，your friend always answers，“Oh，nothing really.”
当事后被问及来电是有关什么事时，你的朋友总是回答说：“噢，其实也没什么事。”品味经典
①Do what as told.＝Do what as you were told.
按照被告诉的去做。
②Any mistake，once found，must be corrected.＝Any mistake，once it is found，must be corrected.
一旦发现任何错误，就必须加以改正。
③If not well managed，the programme will not succeed.
＝If it is not well managed，the programme will not succeed.
如果管理不善，这个计划就不会成功。
④If possible，I will write to you.
＝If it is possible，I will write to you.
假如可能的话，我会给你写信。
⑤When heated，it easily melts.
＝When it is heated，it easily melts.
当它被加热时，很容易融化。自我探究
when asked later...为状语从句的省略，补全应为when he(＝your friend) is asked later...。
归纳拓展
当主从句的主语一致，从句里又含有be动词的某种形式的时候，我们可以把从句里的主语和be动词省略，能这样用的连词有when，while，if，once，though，unless，as，even if等。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)If________the same treatment again，he is sure to get well.
A．giving B．give
C．given D．being given
解析：选C。句意：如果再给他同样的治疗，他肯定会痊愈的。当主从句的主语一致，从句里又含有be动词的某种形式的时候，我们可以把从句里的主语和be动词省略，在这个句子里省略的是he is。
(2)Unless________to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.
A．invited B．inviting
C．being invited D．having invited
解析：选A。句意：除非被邀请讲话,否则你应该在会上保持沉默。当主从句的主语一致，从句里又含有be动词的某种形式的时候，我们可以把从句里的主语和be动词省略，在这个句子里省略的是you are。
将下列句子改为省略句
(3)If I am given another chance，I will do it much better.
→________________another chance，I will do it much better.If given(4)When the museum is completed，the museum will be open to the public next year.
→________________，the museum will be open to the public next year.
When completed(5)Even if I were invited to the party，I wouldn’t go.
→________________to the party，I wouldn’t go.Even if invited10The use of technology for communication rather than talking face to face is one reason why this is true.
之所以会这样，一个原因就是通信技术的应用代替了面对面的交谈。
①The reason why he was late for school was that he got up late.
他上学迟到的原因是他起床晚了。
②Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.
他们为什么要做此事我仍莫名其妙。
句中why引导定语从句修饰先行词one reason。
句型：The reason why...is that...……的原因是……，that不可用because。
归纳拓展
That is why...“那就是……的原因”
That is because...那是因为……
reason for...……的理由(原因)
for some reason由于某种原因，不知怎么回事③He was ill.That was why he was absent from the meeting.
他病了，那就是他缺席会议的原因。
④He didn’t go to school.That was because his mother was ill.
他没去上学。那是因为他妈妈病了。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)The reason________she missed school this morning was________she had to look after her sick grandpa.
A．why；that B．because；why
C．that；because D．which；that
解析：选A。the reason作先行词，定语从句用why引导；the reason作主语，表语从句用that引导。句意：今天上午她缺课的原因是她得在家照料她生病的爷爷。
完成句子
(2)他迟到的原因很清楚。
The ________________his coming late is very clear.
(3)你缺席的真正原因是什么？
What was ____________________your absence?reason forthe real reason for(4)出于某种原因，新闻界给予我们很大的帮助。
________________，the press came to give us support in a big way.
For some reason11Meanwhile，real relationships are often sacrificed，and whatever personal peace one has is destroyed whenever the phone rings.
同时，真正的关系往往被牺牲了，而且，每当电话铃声响起时，个人所拥有的任何宁静都会被打破。品味经典
①Whatever I suggest，he always disagrees.
无论我提什么建议，他总是不同意。
②One should stick to whatever one has begun.
一个人做事应当持之以恒。
自我探究
句中whatever引导名词性从句，而whenever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when。
归纳拓展
(1)副词＋ever即wherever/whenever/however和no matter＋where/when/how只引导让步状语从句。
(2)代词＋ever即whatever/whoever/whichever/whomever可广泛引导各类从句。
③However hard it is，I’ll try my best.
无论有多么艰难，我一定会竭尽全力。
④Whoever is responsible for this will be punished.
对此事有责任的任何人都将受到惩罚。
⑤Wherever she goes，there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
她所到之处都有成群的人等着看她。
⑥Wherever he went，he made friends with people.(＝No matter where he went，he made friends with people.)
不论他走到哪里，他都和人交朋友。(让步状语从句)
⑦No matter where you go，do tell me in advance.
无论你去哪儿，一定提前告诉我。(让步状语从句)
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)It’s not necessary to explain the truth________there are air，water and sunlight，there are living things.
A．in wherever B．that wherever
C．which D．that
解析：选B。考查同位语从句和状语从句。the truth后面所跟的从句说明其内容是同位语从句，用that引导，同位语从句中又包含一个wherever引导的从句。句意：凡是有阳光、水和空气的地方就有生命，这是一个不用解释的真理。
(2)(2011年高考江西卷)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon，or________it is convenient to you.
A．whenever B．however
C．whichever D．wherever
解析：选A。句意：请叫我的秘书安排今天下午的一个会议，或者你方便的时候。本题考查由whenever引导的让步状语从句。
(3)She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do________it takes to save her life.
A．whichever B．however
C．whatever D．whoever
解析：选C。本题句意应为：她是我们的至亲之人，我们要不惜一切代价挽救她的生命。动词do为及物动词，其后跟宾语从句，所以空格处既要引导宾语从句，又要在从句中作takes的宾语，表示“无论什么”用whatever。whichever表示有范围的“哪一个”，用在此处不合适。句型转换
(4)Whoever did it，I didn’t.
→________________did it，I didn’t.
(5)Whoever says that is wrong.
→________________says that is wrong.
No matter whoAnyone who(6)Whenever you come back，don’t wake me up.
→________________you come back，don’t wake me up.No matter when译文助读
To phone or not to phone?
In the USA，the Amish－a Christian group－are famous because they drive carriages instead of cars，do not use TVs or refrigerators，and do not have personal telephones.Many peopleassume the Amish must have religious reasons for their many rules，but this is not true.In truth，whenever a new technology is introduced，the Amish meet and discuss its advantages and disadvantages.They then vote on whether they will accept it.The Amishreject cars because they like having tight communities where everyone lives close together.They have no TVs or refrigerators because their homes do not have electricity－they do not think it is necessary and dislike dealing with strangers，such as the people who work at the electric company.
Since the Amish value seeing each other face to face，they oppose having telephones in their houses.However，in each community there is often a small building that has a telephone for emergencies.
The telephone is very convenient for communication，and most people in the world today cannot live without it.
打电话还是不打？
在美国，阿曼门诺派(一个基督教团体)很有名，因为这个教派的教徒不开汽车而使用非机动车，不用电视和冰箱，也没有私人电话。许多人认为阿曼门诺派有这么多规矩，肯定是因为宗教原因，但事实并非如此。实际上，每当出现一项新技术，阿曼门诺派教徒便开会讨论其优点和缺点。然后，他们投票决定是否要接受它。阿曼门诺派教徒拒绝汽车，因为他们喜欢享有关系紧密的社区，在这里大家一起住得很近。他们没有电视机和电冰箱，因为他们的家没有电——他们认为电力并非必需,而且他们不喜欢与陌生人打交道，例如那些在电力公司工作的人。
由于阿曼门诺派教徒重视彼此面对面地交往，他们反对在住宅里装电话。然而在每个社区常常有一个小亭子，里面有一部紧急电话。
电话非常便于沟通，当今世界上大多数人的生活都离不开它。
However，maybe the Amish have a valid point.Which is more of a friend,someone you often talk to over the phone or someone you often talk to face to face? And，if you need help，who can help you better，someone far away or someone in the room with
you? There is something important about being together and sharing life that cannot be found over a telephone wire.There are other disadvantages to the telephone，as well.For example，no matter what the circumstances，when the phone rings，everything stops so that the call can be answered.Your family could be eating dinner or chatting together，yet this will beinterrupted.However，most phone call are not really that important; certainly they could not be more important that family time.Then，when you are absorbed in a book or simply trying to rest，the phone always seems to be ringing，
destroying whatever peace you might have.However，the person calling is often merely a salesman or someone who has dialled the wrong number.With mobile phones，these problems increase.How many times have you been talking with a friend，only for your friend to interrupt the conversation to answer a call? For some reason，a typical mobile phone call is nearly always given greater importance than a face-to-face conversation.Yet，once again，most mobile phone calls are about rather small matters.When asked later what the call was about，your friend always answers，‘Oh，nothing really.’If the call was really about ‘nothing’，then why was it so important as to interrupt your conversation and waste your precious time?
Of course，using the mobile phone for text messages is the worst.In one study,girls average 80 text messages a day，and boys average 30.What do people talk about in text messages？While these messages always seem important at the time，most peoplecannot really remember them the next day.Phones and text messages focus on building relationships with many people.However，these relationships are often quite shallow.
Many teenagers say that while they have a lot of friends，they really have no best friend.The use of technology for communication rather than talking face to face is one reason why this is true.Meanwhile，real relationships are often sacrificed，and whatever personal peace one has is destroyed whenever the phone rings.
The Amish in general have a higher degree of mental health than most people.They have very calm and stable lives because they value community and living in peace above all else，especially new technology.Maybe they are right.Maybe we should throw all ofour phones into the dustbin，along with our cars and TVs for good measure.Maybe we should rid ourselves of modern technology and return to simpler times.
What’s that? ...Sorry，I have to go.
The phone’s ringing...然而，也许阿曼门诺派教徒有个合理的观点。哪一个更像是朋友呢：是你在电话中经常交谈的某个人，还是你经常面对面地交谈的某个人？还有，如果你需要帮助，谁能更好地帮助你呢：是远方的某个人，还是与你同处一室的某个人？在一起并分享生活，其中蕴藏着某种重要的东西，而这种东西是无法通过电话线获得的。
电话还有其他缺点。例如，无论在什么情况下，当电话铃声响起时，为了能接电话，一切都要停下来。你们一家人可能正在一起吃晚饭或聊天，这却会被电话打断。然而，大多数电话不是真的那么重要。它们当然不会比与家人在一起共度时光更重要。还有,
当你专注地看一本书或者只想休息时,电话似乎总是响个不停，打破了你本来可以享有的一切安宁。可打电话的人常常只是一名推销员或拨错了号码的某个人。有了移动电话,这样的问题就更多了。有多少次你正在与一位朋友交谈，可是仅仅为了接一个电话，你的朋友就中断了交谈呢？由于某种原因，一个平常的手机来电几乎总是被赋予比面对面交谈更多的重要性。不过，话又说回来，大部分的手机来电只涉及相
当微不足道的事情。当事后被问及来电是有关什么事时，你的朋友总是回答说：“噢，其实也没什么事。”如果来电真的是“没什么事”，那么它为什么如此重要以致于打断你们的交谈，并浪费你们的宝贵时间呢？当然，用手机发短信是最糟的事。在一项调查中，女孩平均每天发80条短信，男孩平均发30条。人们在短信中谈论什么呢？尽管这些短信在当时总是看似重要，但第二天大多数人并不能真的记得它们。电话和短信意在与许多人建立感情关系。然而，这样建立起来的交情常常是相当浅的。许多青少年说，虽然他们有很多朋友，但事实上他们却没有最好的朋友。之所以会这样，一个原因就是通信技术的应用代替了面对面的交谈。同时，真正的关系往往被牺牲了，而且，每当电话铃声响起时，个人所拥有的任何宁静都会被打破。
总的来说，阿曼门诺派教徒的心理健康程度高于大多数人。他们过着非常平静而稳定的生活，因为他们看重社区和宁静生活，并视其高于其他的一切,特别是新技术。也许他们是对的。也许我们应该把所有的电话连同小汽车和电视机一起扔进垃圾箱。也许我们应该使我们自己摆脱现代技术，回到更为简单的时代。
那是什么？……对不起，我得走了。
我的电话响了……
写作专题突破【写作要求】
新学期开始，你的笔友王平来信询问如何提高学习成绩。假如你叫李新，请你根据下面的汉语提示，给他回一封电子邮件，提出学习建议。 1．制订好学习计划；
2．创建一个良好的学习环境；
3．充分利用课堂时间；
4．学习要有规律；
5．培养良好的考试心态。注意：1.文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2．文章包括以上所有要点，可适当发挥；
3．词数为120左右；4．可参考使用下列词汇：make good use of，study regularly，develop a good attitude towards。
Dear Wang Ping，You asked me about how to make progress in your study.Here’s some advice you should follow.____________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Xin【要点词汇】
1．列清单________________
2．制定时间表________________
3．好好利用________________
4．温习，复习________________make a list ofmake a schedule take advantage ofgo over【句式结构】
1．计划时间时，你应该列举你不得不做的事情。
When________________your time，you should________________things that you have to do.planningmake a list of2．利用上课时间听老师讲的一切。
________________class time to listen to everything the teacher says.Take advantage of【连句成篇】
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________【佳作欣赏】
Dear Wang Ping，
You asked me about how to make progress in your study.Here’s some advice you should follow.Firstly，plan your time carefully.When planning your time，you should make a list of things that you have to do.After that，you should make a schedule.Secondly，find a good place to study.It should be a place where there is nothing except your study materials.Thirdly，makegood use of your time in class.Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says.Taking notes is a good way to do this.Fourthly，study regularly.After school，go over what you have learned and preview what you will study in the next class.Finally， develop a good attitude towards tests.Never let the results trouble you too much when you are studying.
I’m sure you will make great progress if you follow these suggestions.
Yours，
Li Xin【类文点津】
随着因特网的普及，电子邮件因其高效快捷而备受人们青睐。当人们遇到困惑疑难时往往借助电子邮件向他人咨询建议。在回复他人电子邮件时，建议要有礼貌地表达，而不要以命令的口吻，同时，要写得简明扼要，目的明确，理由充足，具有合理性和说服力,真正达到使求教者有拨云见日、获益匪浅之感的效果。
表建议的电子邮件的结构：
表建议的电子邮件一般采用“四段式”结构。
1．电子邮件的开端可用DATE...FROM：...TO：...SUBJECT：...，在文中亦可省略。
2．称呼对方时可用Hello/Hi，...。
3．正文开头通常先说什么时候收到邮件并针对对方对自己的信任简单表示感谢。主体是围绕对方的困惑、烦恼等问题委婉地提出建议。尾段对咨询者寄以希望，希望自己的建议能给对方以启迪。
4．签名。课件13张PPT。Unit 1 Living with technology 教材背景链接Anything one man can imagine，other men can make real.
—Jules Verce，French writer
但凡人能想像得到的事物，必定有人能将它实现。 ——法国作家·凡尔纳It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity.
—America Albert Einstein
显而易见我们的人性已远远落后于我们的技术。
——[美国]阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦有线电视从出现至今已经经历了半个多世纪的发展。你知道它是怎样发展起来的吗？
The development of cable TV
There used to be only four
television networks in the
United States.Because of thefrequencies given to television，the signals could only be received in a line of sight from the antenna (天线)．In 1948，people living in remote valleys in Pennsylvania solved their reception problems.They put antennae on hills，so they could run cables to their
houses.These days the same technology is also used.Viewers all over the country can watch a wide variety of programs and channels.By the early 1990s，cable television had reached nearly half of the homes in the United States.
The earliest cable systems were，in fact，strategically placed antennae with very long cables.However，the signal from the antenna became weaker and weaker as it traveled through the cables.In the end，cable providers had to insert amplifiers (放
大器) so as to help strengthen the signal.Limitations in these amplifiers used to be a great issue for cable system designers.“In a cable system，the signal may have gone through 30 or 40 amplifiers before it reaches your house，one every 1,000 feet or so，” says Bill Wall，technical director for subscriber networks at Scientific-Atlanta，“With each amplifier，you will get noise.Plus，if one of the amplifiers failed，you lost the picture.Cable got a reputation for not having the best quality of picture and for not being reliable.”
In the late 1970s，cable television found a solution to the amplifier problem.By then，they had also developed technology that allowed them to add more programming to the service of cable systems.Today，U.S.cable systems deliver hundreds of channels to millions of homes.It also provides a growing number of people with high-speed Internet access.In addition，some cable systems even let you make telephone calls and receive new programming technologies!Read the text and then tell the following sentences true (T) or false (F)．
1．In the 1950s，people in remote valleys in Pennsylvania had no access to TV programs.( )F2．Cable TV was once thought to be unreliable.( )
3．In the past，the longer the signal traveled，the weaker it became.( )
TT课件141张PPT。Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading速效提能演练预习多维感知 Section Ⅰ重点难点探究预习多维感知?Step One：Fast Reading
Read the text and then choose the best answers. ( )
1．Who found penicillin?
A．Dr.Thun.
B．Alexander Fleming.
C．Howard Florey.
D．Ernst Chain.B2．Because of ________，mass production of penicillin started quickly.
A．the development of science
B．the development of medicine
C．the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
DD．World War Ⅱ
3．According to the passage，penicillin can be used to treat the followings EXCEPT ________.
A．minor wounds
B．pneumonia
C．diabetes
D．bacterial illnesses
C4．Why was penicillin called the greatest drug of the 20th century?( )
A．Because it was found by Alexander Fleming.
B．Because it once made three people get the Nobel Prize.
DC．Because it was found in the 20th century.
D．Because it saved millions of lives.
5．According to the passage，aspirin(ASA)can ________.B(1)reduce fever (2)reduce pain (3)reduce the risk of heart attacks (4)increase the length of people’s lives
(5)prevent a stroke (6)reduce the risk of colon cancer
(7)treat pneumonia
A．(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)
B．(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)
C．(1)(2)(4)(5)(7)
D．(1)(2)(3)(4)(7)
?Step Two：Listening
Listen to the tape and answer the following questions.
1．When did people find that drinking a special kind of tea could reduce body pains and fever?
_________________________________Nearly 3,500 years ago.2．When was penicillin first discovered?
____________
3．What award did Fleming，Florey and Chain share?
_________________________________
In 1928.The Nobel Prize in Medicine.?Step Three：Careful Reading
Read the text and fill in the blanks.
Medicines use/
practicecontainedchemicalspainheartPreventing
/Stoppingbacterialengthlevelsbacteria?Step Four：Summary
W：I’d like to know about the two medicines－aspirin and penicillin.Could you please tell me something about them?
M：I’ll be glad to.If you open up any medicine cupboard or go to anymedicine counter in the world，it is 1.____________ that you will find aspirin and penicillin.Both of them have saved many people’s lives since they were invented.
likelyW：When was aspirin invented?
M：It was invented in 1897.Nearly 3,500 years ago，people found leaves possessing a special 2.____________ to reduce boby pains and fever.In 1897，a European chemist produced aspirin from this chemical.chemicalThe first 3.____________ of this medicine took place in 1899，when the powder form began to be used with 4.____________.In 1900，it was sold in shops in the form of 5.____________ and soon became the best-selling medicine.trialspatients tabletsW：Besides reducing fever and pain，what other functions does it have?
M：It can also help reduce the risk of heart attacks and some cancer and so on.
W：What about penicillin?M：Penicillin was 6.____________by a Scottish scientist in 1928.He thought it might help in treating illnesses 7.____________by bacteria.But it was not until World War Ⅱ that two other scientists found a procedure to make penicillin 8.____________ enough todiscoveredcausedpurework as a medicine and managed to make and 9.____________ the new drug in large 10.____________.Thanks to it，many lives were saved during World War Ⅱ.
testquantitiesW：I’ve learned a lot today.Thank you.
M：It’s a pleasure.
?Step Five：Discussion
Do you believe that new medicines will be invented to treat diseases like AIDS in the future?
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
I believe that more and more new medicines will be invented to treat diseases like AIDS with the __________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
development of science and technology.Man can conquer all the diseases.重点难点探究1Both of these medicines have saved millions of people’s lives and have proved beneficial to mankind since they were invented.
自这两种药被发明以来，它们已经挽救了数百万人的性命，并已证实对人类有益。品味经典
①The agreement will be beneficial to both parties.
这个协议对双方都有利。
②A good diet is beneficial to health.
良好的饮食有益于健康。
自我探究
beneficial adj.有益的，构成短语be beneficial to“对……有益”。归纳拓展
(1)be beneficial to sth./sb.(＝be of benefit to sth./sb.) 对……有益
(2)benefit v．& n. 有助于；受益；利益，好处benefit from/by 从……中受益
for the benefit of 为了……的利益
③Both sides have benefited from the talks.
双方都从会谈中受益。
④I hope what I have written will be of benefit to someone else who may feel the same way.
我希望我写的这些将对有同感的人有所帮助。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)The students union was founded for the ________ of them.
A．benefit B．advantage
C．interest D．value
解析：选A。考查名词词义辨析。for the benefit of为了……的利益；advantage优势；interest兴趣；value价值，均不合题意。用benefit的适当形式填空
(2)The new regulations will be of ____________ to everyone concerned.
(3)We should spend the money on something that will ____________ everyone.
benefitbenefit(4)Using computers is ____________ to children’s learning.
beneficial2Nearly 3,500 years ago，people chewed on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.将近3500年前，人们咀嚼一种含有特殊化学物质的树叶或饮用这种树叶制成的茶，以减轻身体疼痛或退烧。
品味经典
①The country possesses rich resources.
这个国家拥有丰富的资源。
②I’m afraid he doesn’t possess a sense of humour.
恐怕他没有什么幽默感。③She was suddenly possessed by fear.她突然感到害怕。
自我探究
possess vt.意为“拥有，具有；支配，控制”(多用于被动语态)，常构成be possessed by/with被……控制。
归纳拓展
be possessed of 拥有(某种品质、能力等)
possession n. [C，常用复数]所有物；财产
[U]具有；拥有in possession of sth. 占有(或拥有)某物
in the possession of sb. 为某人所有
take possession of 占有，拥有；占领
④He was caught in possession of stolen goods.
他因占有赃物而被捕。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)Whoever ________ the knowledge of this field will also have the opportunity to be admitted to this company.
A．possessed B．owned
C．enjoyed D．Appreciated
解析：选A。句意：任何具有这一领域知识的人也将有被公司录用的机会。possess拥有；own强调“某物属于某人”；enjoy分享，享受；appreciate欣赏，感激。
(2)You can’t legally ________ the property until three weeks after the agreement is signed.
A．hold on to
B．catch hold of
C．take possession of
D．adapt to
解析：选C。句意为：直到协议签订三周后，你才能合法地拥有这些财产。hold on to紧紧抓住；catch hold of抓住；take possession of拥有；adapt to 使适应。
完成句子
(3)拍卖会过后几天，我们才真正拿到了那辆汽车。
We didn’t ____________________ the car until a few days after the auction.
take possession of(4)你是怎么得到这幅画的？
How did the painting __________________________？
come into your possession3It astonished him to see the bacteria surrounding the mould dead，which meant that the mould had killed them.
使他十分惊讶的是，他看到这种霉周围的细菌都死了，这意味着是这种霉杀死了它们。
品味经典
①Her father’s sudden death astonished her.
父亲的突然去世使她大为震惊。
②I’m astonished that he didn’t pass the exam.
他考试不及格，这使我感到很惊讶。
自我探究
astonish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊。
归纳拓展
astonished adj. 吃惊的(多修饰人)
astonishing adj. 令人吃惊的(多修饰物)
astonishment n. 惊讶，吃惊
to one’s astonishment 让某人感到惊讶的是
③To his astonishment，the keys he had been looking for were in the door.
令他吃惊的是，他一直在找的钥匙就在门上。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)To everyone’s ________，Zhou Yang won the gold medal in the 1500-metre Short Skate Race for our country.A．astonished B．astonishing
C．astonishment D．Astonish
解析：选C。句意：令大家吃惊的是，周洋在1500米的短道速滑比赛中为我国获得金牌。to one’s astonishment“令某人惊讶的是”。
完成句子
(2)我们惊讶地发现该寺庙完好无损。
We ________________________ the temple still in its original condition.
were astonished to find(3)她吃惊地盯着他。
She stared at him _______________.
(4)最令我吃惊的是，他一点儿也不恐惧。
_________________________is his complete lack of fear.
in astonishmentWhat astonishes me most4Fleming tried this mould out on another bacterium and found that it killed the bacterium too.
弗莱明将这种霉用在另外一种细菌上做试验，发现它同样杀死了那种细菌。品味经典
①The idea seems good but it needs to be tried out.
那想法似乎很好，但是必须通过实验。②John was tried out in the marketing section before a decision was made about his future.
约翰先生先在销售部试用，然后才决定是否被录用。
自我探究
try out试用，实验。
③Over fifty boys came to try out for the football team.
50多个男孩来参加足球队的选拔。
④Try the shoes on before you buy them.
买鞋之前要先穿上试试。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)________ the new medicine for a year and we’ll see how well it works.
A．Try out B．Make out
C．Give out D．Pick out
解析：选A。句意：试用一年这种新药，我们就会知道它的效用有多大。从题干里的“我们以后就会知道它的效用有多大”可以推断出，我们是在对药进行试用。完成句子
(2)杰米迫不及待地想试一下他那辆新自行车。
Jamie could hardly wait ________________ his new bike.to try out(3)安娜是争取国际文凭的12名学生之一。
Anna is one of 12 students ________________ the international diploma.
trying for(4)去试穿一下这件毛衣，看是否合身。
Go ________________ this sweater and see if it fits.
try on5He immediately realized that the mould might have an application in treating illnesses caused by bacteria.
他立刻意识到这种霉或许能用于由细菌引起的疾病。
品味经典
①A micro computer has a wide range of applications for businesses.
微型电脑在商业方面用途很广。
②He sent in his application to the office.他向办公室递交了申请。
③I would like an application.
我想要一份申请表。
自我探究
application n．[C，U]申请(书)；用途，实际应用。
归纳拓展
(1)apply vi.申请vt.应用；涂，敷
apply for 申请……
apply oneself to ……专心致志地做某事
apply to do 申请做……(2)applicant n. 申请人
④He decided to apply for the job.他决定申请那份工作。
⑤He applied to be given more time.
他申请得到更多的时间。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)What I want to remind you of is that the comment made by Mr.Johnson ________ all present，not merely those involved in the incident.
A．adapts to B．applies to
C．appeals to D．adjusts to
解析：选B。A项和D项表示“适应”；C项表示“对……有吸引力”，均与题意不符。apply to“适用于……”。句意：我想提醒你们的是，Johnson先生提出的批评适用于在场的所有人，不仅仅是卷入这次事件的人。
完成句子
(2)我需要马上呈交我的申请表。
I need to submit my ____________ soon.application(3)给他的伤口上点药吧。
____________ some medicine to his wound.
(4)只有你把所学的应用到实践中，你才能说你学会了。ApplyOnly when you ____________ what you have learned to practice can you say you have made it.
apply6 Since the new drug was needed for world war Ⅱ，the government approval process for penicillin was accelerated，and mass production began in 1944.
由于这种新药为第二次世界大战所需，政府批准程序得以加快，大批量生
产始于1944年。
(1)accelerate
品味经典
①The increased capital could greatly accelerate economic development.增加的资本会大大地加快经济发展。②Inflation continues to accelerate.通货膨胀不断加速。
③His car suddenly accelerated and passed ours quickly.
他的车突然加速，飞快地超过了我们的车。
自我探究
accelerate vt.&vi.加速，促进，加快。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)Exposure to the sun can ________ aging process.
A．hasten B．rush
C．accelerate D．hurry
解析：选C。句意：暴露在日光下会加快老化过程。accelerate表示“加速事物生长和前进”，符合题意；而其他三项强调“匆忙，急促行事”，不合题意。
(2)A driver ________ his car when he makes it go faster or increases its speed.
A．modifies
B．duplicates
C．accelerates
D．stimulates解析：选C。modify更改，修改；duplicate使加倍，使成双；accelerate加速；stimulate刺激，激发，鼓励。
(2)mass
品味经典
①A great mass of rocks fell from the cliff and blocked the road.一大堆岩石从悬崖上掉了下来，堵塞了道路。
②A rapid rise in price sooneventuated in mass unemployment.
价格的快速上涨很快就导致了大量的失业。
③The grey clouds massing behind the mountains indicate it is going to rain.
积聚在群山之后的灰色云团表明要下雨了。自我探究
mass 可用作名词，形容词或动词。在句①中mass是名词，意为“团、块、堆”；在句②中mass是形容词，意为“大量的、许多的”；在句③中mass是动词，意为“聚集，集合”。
归纳拓展
a mass of 许多，大量
masses of 许多，大量
mass production 批量生产
the masses 群众，平民
牛刀小试
(3)The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ________ pictures of them.
A．many of B．masses of
C．the number of
D．a large amount of解析：选B。四个选项中能接可数名词复数且符合句意的为masses of。
完成句子
(4)院子里有一大群孩子。
There was ________________ children in the yard.a mass of(5)我不知道他们是否真正关心民众的利益。
I wonder if they are truly concerned with the interests of ________________.
the masses7 Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain，but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.
阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧和止痛必不可少，而且还有其他用途。
品味经典
①Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.不但学生反对这个计划，老师也反对。
②They speak English not only in class but also in the dormitory.他们不仅在班上说英语，在宿舍里也说。
③Not only does the sun give us light，but also it gives us heat.太阳给我们提供光与热。
自我探究
本句中not only...but(also)连接两个并列分句。因not only放在句首，故其所在的分句使用了倒装结构。
归纳拓展
(1)语法功能：连接平行结构。,(2)主谓一致：not only...but(also)...连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的人称与数遵循就近原则。(3)倒装：not only...but(also)...连接两个并列分句，且not only位于句首时，not only后的分句须部分倒装，but(also)后的分句不倒装。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only ________，but students became more interested in the lessons.A．saved was teachers’ energy
B．was teachers’ energy saved
C．teachers’ energy was saved
D．was saved teachers’ energy
解析：选B。not only...but(also)．..连接两个并列分句，且not only位于句首时，not only后的分句部分倒装。
(2)Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer Palace.They haven’t been back.
A．have been B．have gone
C．has been D．has gone
解析：选D。句意：他的父母和哥哥都去颐和园了。他们还没有回来。not only...but also...连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数遵循就近原则，故此处谓语动词应用单数形式；再结合语境“他们还没有回来”可知，D项切题。
8If penicillin had not been available，many people would have died from sickness or even small wounds.
如果没有青霉素，很多人会死于疾病，甚至是很小的伤口。
品味经典
①If I had followed your advice，I would have got there earlier.
如果我听从你的建议的话，我早就到那儿了。②If it hadn’t been for the big tree，the car would have fallen off the bridge.
如果不是这棵大树，这辆汽车早从桥上翻下去了。
③If I were you，I should seize the chance to go abroad.如果我是你的话，我会抓住这个机会出国。
④If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting.
如果你明天来的话，我们将开会。自我探究
本句为虚拟语气句，对过去的事实作出假设。在这种情况下，条件状语从句通常用过去完成时，主句谓语形式为“would/should/could/might＋have done。”归纳拓展
虚拟条件句主从句的谓语形式：
【注意】 if 引导的虚拟条件句中，若有were，should 以及had，则可以省去if，出现省略倒装形式。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2011年高考北京卷)Maybe if I ________ science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help.A．studied B．would study
C．had studied D．was studying
解析：选C。考查错综时间的虚拟语气。主句用的是would be able to...表示对现在情况的假设，但由if从句中的then可知，从句表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选had studied。
(2)(2010年高考陕西卷)If we ________ the other road，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A．take B．had taken
C．took D．have taken
解析：选B。句意：如果当初我们走另一条路，我们或许就能及时到这儿开会了。由主句谓语形式可知，该句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故从句谓语形式为had done。
(3)(2010年高考浙江卷)Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy ________.
A．would have been saved
B．had been saved
C．will be saved
D．was saved
解析：选A。本题考查虚拟语气。根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气，原形是：If I had known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy ________.故选A。句意：如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。
译文助读
Two life-saving medicines
This article will focus on two drugs that started revolutions in medicine.If you open up any medicine cupboard or go to any medicine counter in the world，it is likely that you will findaspirin and penicillin.Both of these medicines have saved millions of people’s lives and have proved beneficial to mankind since they were invented.
Aspirin
Aspirin was invented in 1897.However，the basic chemical used to make aspirin can be found in nature.Nearly 3,500 years ago，people chewed on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves possessing a specialchemical to reduce body pains and fever.About 2,500 years ago，the Greek physician Hippocrates，father of all doctors，made a juice from a tree bark containing salicylic acid for the same effect.It was in 1897 that a European chemist called Dr FelixHoffmann produced aspirin from this chemical.The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899，when the company Hoffmann worked for began distributing the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with patients.A year later，in 1900，
aspirin was sold in shops in the form of tablets.Within a short time，aspirin became the best-selling medicine in the world for pain relief.
Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain，but there are also other things thataspirin can help with.Lawrence Craven，a doctor from the USA，introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin had the potential to reduce the risk of heart attacks，because it helped the blood circulate better.The report was ignored.However，in 1971，Smith and
Willis from the UK proved that aspirin could have that effect，and in 1977 a study carried out in the USA showed that aspirin could prevent strokes，as well.Eleven years later，Dr Thun from the USA showed that aspirin could reduce the risk of some cancersby 40 per cent.In 1999，aspirin was over 100 years old，and yet there have been more discoveries on how it can help increase the length of people’s lives.In 2003，a Chinese doctor，Dr Yuan Minsheng，found that aspirin could reduce blood sugar levels and，
there-fore，help people with diabetes.
Penicillin
Another drug that has helped increase the standard of people’s health is penicillin，which is considered by many to be one of the most important medicines in contemporary society. It was discovered by a Scottish scientist named Alexander Fleming in 1928.He noted that a dish in which he was trying to grow bacteria for an experiment looked abnormal－there was blue mould in it.It astonished him to see the bacteria surrounding the
mould dead， which meant that the mould had killed them.Fleming tried this mould out on another bacterium and found that it killed the bacterium too.He immediately realized that the mould might have an application in treating illnesses caused bybacteria.He named the liquid made from the mould “penicillin”．However，the development of penicillin as a drug faced two problems.First，he was unable to find a procedure to make penicillin pure enough 两种挽救生命的药物
这篇文章将着重讲述两种引发了医学革命的药物。倘若你打开世界上的任何一个药柜，或者走到任何一个卖药的柜台，都可能找到阿司匹林和青霉素。自这两种药被发明以来，它们已挽救了数百万人的性命，并已证实对人类有益。阿司匹林
阿司匹林发明于1897年。但是，用于制造阿司匹林的基本化学物质却可在自然界中找到。将近3500年前，人们咀嚼一种含有特殊化学物质的树叶或饮用这种树叶制成的茶，以减轻身体疼痛或退烧。大约2500年前，医生之父、古希腊医师希波克拉底就用一种树皮制成汁，这种汁含有水杨酸，也有同样的功效。1897年，一位名叫费利克斯·霍夫曼的欧洲药剂师提取这种化学物质，制成了阿司匹林。
对该药进行的首批试验发生在1899年。
当时，霍夫曼供职的公司开始将这种药以粉末形式分发给医师，在病人身上使用。一年之后，即1900年，阿司匹林被制成片剂在药店出售。很快，阿司匹林成了世界上最畅销的止痛药。阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧和止痛必不可少，而且还有其他用途。美国医生劳伦斯·克雷文在1953年提出一个观点，即阿司匹林可能有助于降低心脏病发作的风险，因为它能改善血液循环。该报告并未引起人们的注意。但是，1971年，英国医生史密斯和威利斯证实阿司匹林的确有此功效。1977年，美国的一项研究表明，阿司匹林还能预防中风。11年后，美国医生图恩证明，阿司匹林可以降低某些癌症40%的发病率。到1999年，阿司匹林已有一百多年的历史，但是在它如何能够帮助延年益寿方面仍然有更多的发现。2003年，中国医生袁敏生发现，阿司匹林可以降低血糖水平，从而帮助糖尿病患者。
青霉素
另外一种帮助人们提高健康水平的药物是青霉素。许多人认为这种药是当代社会最重要的药物之一。它是由一名叫亚历山大·弗莱明的苏格兰科学家于1928年发现的。他注意到一个碟子看起来有些异常——为了做实验，他试图在这个碟子中培育细菌——它里面有蓝色的霉。使他十分惊讶的是，他看到这种霉周围的细菌都死了，这意味着是这种霉杀死了它们。弗莱明将这种霉用在另外一种细菌上做试验，发现它同样杀死了那种细菌。
他立刻意识到这种霉或许能用于治疗由细菌引起的疾病。他将由这种霉制成的液体命名为“青霉素”。然而，青霉素的药物研发面临两个难题。首先，他难以找到一种方法来提纯药用的青霉素。
第二，难以生产出足量的青霉素以产生药效。1940年，另外两名科学家，澳大利亚人霍华德·弗洛里和德裔英国人恩斯特·钱恩，帮助解决了这些问题，并设法大量制造和试用这一新药。由于这种新药为第二次世界大战所需，政府批准程序得以加快，大批量生产始于1944年。正因为青霉素的广泛应用，战争期间的很多生命得以挽救。如果没有青霉素，很多人会死于疾病，甚至是很小的伤口。青霉素挽救了无数人的性命，成了二十世纪最了不起的药物。
由于他们的工作成果，弗莱明、弗洛里和钱恩于1945年共同获得了诺贝尔医学奖。
to work as a medicine.Second，it was difficult to produce penicillin in the ample quantities needed to be effective.In 1940，two other scientists，Howard Florey(Australian)and Ernst Chain(German-born English)，helped solve these problems，andmanaged to make and test the new drug in large quantities.Since the new drug was needed for World War Ⅱ，the government approval process for penicillin was accelerated，and mass production began in 1944.Due to the widespread use of penicillin，manylives were saved during the war.If penicillin had not been available，many people would have died from sickness or even small wounds.Penicillin became the greatest drug of the 20th century，saving millions of lives.In 1945，the three scientists，Fleming，Florey and Chain，shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their work.
课件63张PPT。Section Ⅱ Word power & Grammar and usage速效提能演练重点难点探究 Section Ⅱ语法专题突破重点难点探究
1Today I feel worn out.今天我感到精疲力尽。
品味经典
①She was worn out after three sleepless nights.
三天三夜她都没合眼，被弄得精疲力竭。②My shoes are worn out.I want to buy a new pair.
我的鞋子穿破了，我想买双新的。
自我探究
worn out疲惫的，筋疲力尽的；用坏的，穿旧的。
归纳拓展
wear away (使)磨损
wear off 消退
wear on 慢吞吞地进行
wear out (使)耗尽；穿破；使精疲力竭，使虚弱③In the course of centuries，the wind has worn the rocks away.
经过几个世纪，风已经把岩石磨损掉了。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)—Did you have a good time in the amusement park?
—Sure，but we were really ________ after a 3-hour ride in the bus.
A．choked off B．well received
C．worn out D．given out
解析：选C。根据第二句：坐了三个小时的公交车后，我们的确疲惫不堪了。choke off打发走，除掉；well received受欢迎的，深受流行的；
worn out疲惫的，筋疲力尽的；give out用完，耗尽。由句意可知C项正确。
(2)Mom spent the whole day shopping，cleaning and cooking and now she ________.
A．has worn out
B．is worn out
C．is wearing out
D．wears out
解析：选B。句意：妈妈一整天忙着购物、打扫卫生和做饭，现在累坏了。
worn(-)out为过去分词演变来的形容词，意为“磨破的；穿旧的；精疲力竭的”。
完成句子
(3)那些很薄的鞋子很快就会穿坏的。
Those thin shoes will ________________ quickly.
wear out(4)疼痛正在消退。
The pain is________________.
(5)男孩子们吵了一个早晨。
The boys’ quarrel ________________ all the morning.
wore onwearing off2If necessary，the patient will have to go to the X-ray room to have pictures of his or her body parts taken.
如果有必要的话，病人将不得不到放射室去进行身体部位的拍片。
品味经典
①You should have your hair cut.你该理发了。
②He had the letter typed this morning.
他今天早晨把信打完了。
③My uncle had his car broken.我叔叔的车坏了。
自我探究
句中have pictures of his or her body parts taken.采用了have sth.done结构。该结构有三种含义：(1)主语让别人做某事，如句①；(2)使某事被做(事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成)，如句②；(3)主语遭遇到某种不幸的事情，如句③。
归纳拓展
have sb.do sth. 让某人做某事
have sb./sth.doing 让某人/某物一直处于某种状态
④I’ll have Jack do the work.我要让杰克做这项工作。⑤Don’t have the computer working all the time.
不要让电脑不停地工作。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2011年高考陕西卷)Claire had her luggage ________ an hour before her plane left.
A．check B．checking
C．to check D．Checked
解析：选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：在飞机起飞前一个小时，Claire把行李进行了安检。
check与luggage之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词形式表示被动概念，构成have＋宾语＋过去分词结构，表示“找人做……”或“使……被……”。
完成句子
(2)我要让园丁种些树。
I’ll _______________________ some trees.
(3)他们准备把房子粉刷一下。
They’re going to _____________________________.have the gardener planthave their house painted(4)他们的请求遭到拒绝。
They
_____________________________.
have had their request refused3It has been freezing these days.
这些日子天气一直很冷。
品味经典
①It has been raining since last Sunday.
自上星期日以来就一直在下雨。②She is very tired.She has been typing letters all day.
她很累了。她整天都在打信件。
自我探究
句中has been freezing是现在完成进行时。
现在完成进行时表示以前到现在这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍在进行，也可能已停止。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(2011年高考北京卷)Tom ________ in the library every night over the last three months.A．works
B．worked
C．has been working
D．had been working
解析：选C。本题考查动词的时态。句意：在过去的三个月里，汤姆每晚都在图书馆工作。根据时间状语over the last three months可知用现在完成进行时，故选C项。
4 On arriving at the hospital clinic，we saw there were a lot of people there.
刚到医院诊室，我们就看见那里有许多人。
品味经典
①On hearing the bad news，he began to cry.
一听到这个坏消息，他就哭了起来。
②On seeing the damage he had done，the child felt ashamed.
一看到自己造成的损坏，这个小孩就感到惭愧。
自我探究
on/upon sth./doing sth.是固定结构，意为“一……就……”。
归纳拓展
“一……就……”的其他表达法：
at＋名词,immediately/instantly/directly＋从句the moment/the minute/the instant＋从句hardly...when.../no sooner...than...(当hardly或no sooner放在句首时，主句常用倒装句型
③At the sight of the policeman，the thief ran away as soon as possible.
一看到警察，那个贼便尽快逃跑了。④Don’t get excited the moment you hear a criticism.
不要一听到批评就沉不住气。
⑤Hardly had we begun the climb when the snow began to come down.
我们刚一开始爬山就下起雪来了。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)—Did Linda see the traffic accident?
—No，no sooner ________ than it happened.
A．had she gone
B．she had gone
C．has she gone
D．she has gone
解析：选A。考查固定句型。no sooner...than...为固定结构，表示“一……就……”，该结构主句中用过去完成时，首先排除C、D两项；另外no sooner置于句首时，主句采用倒装语序。故选A。
(2)________ the headmaster’s arriving，the meeting started immediately.
A．As soon as B．Until
C．As quickly as D．Upon
解析：选D。句意：校长一到，会议就立刻开始了。upon＋doing，表示“一……就……”。故选D。
语法专题突破品味经典
1．The present situation is good.目前形势良好。2．She remained silent about the matter.
对这个问题她保持沉默。
3．He looked very tired.他看上去很疲倦。
4．This kind of cloth feels soft.这种布料摸上去很柔软。5．The leaves have turned yellow.叶子已经变黄了。
自我探究
连系动词亦称系动词，本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与其后的表语一起构成谓语，用来说明主语的状况、性质、特点或身份等。
讲解归纳
连系动词
一、分类
1．状态系动词：be
She is always like that.她总是那样。
These shoes are too tight for me.这双鞋我穿太小。2．持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep，remain，stay，rest，lie，stand
We can remain friends.我们可以继续做朋友。
I hope you’ll keep fit.我希望你身体好。
3．表象系动词：表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem，appear，look等
She appeared puzzled.她显得迷惑不解。
The doctor seemed very capable.那医生似乎很能干。4．感官系动词：表示“……起来”，有feel(摸起来，感觉)，smell(闻起来)，sound(听起来)，taste(尝起来，吃起来)等
Silk feels soft and smooth.丝绸摸起来很柔软平滑。
It sounds like a good idea.这听起来是个好主意。
5．变化系动词：表示“变化”，即主语变成什么样，主要有become，grow，turn，fall，get，go，come，run
She had grown thinner and thinner.她越来越瘦了。We get wiser as we get old.
随着年龄的增长，我们也变得聪明些了。
【注意】 become和turn后跟名词作表语时所用的形式不一样。例如：become a teacher＝turn teacher(成为老师)。
6．终止系动词：主要有prove，turn out(结果是，证明是)等
His story proved false.他讲的情况原来是假的。
My intuition turned out to be correct.
我的直觉证明是对的。
二、用法
1．连系动词后通常可接形容词作表语，有时也可接副词作表语，不过这主要限于in，on，off，out，away，behind，up，down，over，through，around，round，below，inside，outside等少数副词、小品词以及here，there，upstairs，downstairs等少数表示地点或方位的副词。例如：
Come along.The taxi is outside.
来吧。出租车在外面。
2．be动词后可接不定式作表语；seem，appear，prove，continue，turn out，get，grow，come等连系动词后也可接不定式(尤其是to be)作表语。例如：
She always seems to be sad.她常常显得很忧伤。My advice proved to be wrong.我的意见证明是错的。
3．sound，smell，feel，taste，look等感官系动词后通常不能接不定式，其后均可接介词like，通常以被感觉的东西作主语，虽有被动含义，但不用被动语态。这些动词也可作为实义动词。
例如： This looks(tastes，smells，feels)like an orange.
这东西看起来(吃起来，闻起来，摸起来)像桔子。
He is tasting the soup.
他正在品尝汤。(taste为实义动词， 表示“品尝”)4．表示变化的连系动词。
(1)become和get主要指一个人暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化。例如：
become/get angry(famous，fat，ill，old，well，deaf，strong，etc.)生气(成名，发胖，得病，变老，痊愈，变聋，变强等)
另外，become和get还可用于指天气的变化和社会的趋势。例如：
It’s becoming/getting cold.天渐冷了。
(2)go和come表示变化时，前者主要指一种由强到弱或由好到坏的变化(可用于人或事物)，后者则主要指向好的方
面变化。另外，go还可用于人或事物颜色的变化，与turn用法相同；但是go一般不与old，tired，ill等连用，遇此情况要用其他连系动词：grow/get old变老，fall/become ill(sick)生病，get/feel tired疲劳。come的常见搭配有：come untied解开，come loose变松，come undone松开。例如：The radio has gone wrong.收音机出毛病了。
Her wish came true.她的愿望实现了。
(3)grow主要表示逐渐变化，强调变化的过程。
The pollution problem is growing serious.
污染问题日渐严峻。
(4)turn多接表示颜色或天气的形容词，它侧重于“变得与以前完全不同”；其后也可接名词，常表示意想不到的变化，作表语的名词前通常用零冠词。Leaves turn yellow in autumn.叶子一到秋天就黄了。
He turned writer after he graduated from a medical college.他从医学院毕业后当了作家。
【注意】 以上连系动词通常接形容词作表语，但有的还可接其他结构，如come，get，grow后可接不定式；become，turn后可接名词；get，grow后可接介词短语。例如：
You’ll soon grow to like her.你很快就会喜欢她的。It’s becoming a serious problem.
它正成为一个严重的问题。
The little plant grew into a tree.幼苗长成了一棵树。
巧学助记
好是come，坏是go；天气、外貌慢慢grow；流水、金钱缓缓run；颜色、天气大不同turn；get/become口语化，如果要说就用它，“成为”后接名词时，turn就等于become a。
课件102张PPT。Section Ⅲ Task & Project速效提能演练重点难点探究 Section Ⅲ写作专题突破重点难点探究
1adjusting lighting arrangements 调整照明设备
品味经典
①Do these plans fit in with your arrangements?
这些计划和你的安排冲突吗？②We came to an arrangement over the price.
我们就价格问题达成了协议。
自我探究
arrangement n．安排；排列。
归纳拓展
come to an arrangement 达成协议make arrangements for... 为……做准备
arrange v.安排，筹划；整理，排列，布置
arrange to do sth.安排做某事arrange for sb.to do sth.安排某人做某事
arrange sth.with sb.跟某人安排妥某事arrange for sth.安排某事
as arranged如约，按照安排
【注意】 (1)如果要表达“安排某人做某事”，应该用arrange for sb.to do sth.结构，不能用arrange sb.to do sth.结构。
(2)arrange 后接从句时，从句谓语动词应用should do，should可省略。③The secretary arranged an appointment for me with the manager.秘书替我向经理预约。
④She arranged the books on the shelf.
她把书架上的书整理了一下。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2010年高考天津卷)He telephoned the travel agency to ________ three air tickets to London.
A．order B．arrange
C．take D．book
解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：他打电话给旅行社预定三张去伦敦的机票。book和tickets搭配，是“订票”的意思。
(2)Could you ________ a meeting with Mrs.Wilson for Monday please?
A．organize B．arrange
C．plan D．Make
解析：选B。考查动词词义辨析，由句意“你能安排周一跟Mrs.Wilson见面吗？”可知应选B项，arrange sth.with sb.为固定搭配。
(3)I’ve arranged ________ a car to pick you up at 9 o’clock.
A．with B．for
C．in D．on
解析：选B。句意：我已安排好一辆车在9点钟去接你。arrange for sth.to do sth.意为“安排好某物做……”。
2...and a needle like a small sword，used for letting liquid out of body parts which had swollen up.
……像小剑一样的针，用于让液体从肿胀部位流出。
品味经典
①Seeing the land，the sailor let out a whoop of joy.
看见陆地时，那个水手发出一声欢呼。
②She let out a scream when seeing the spider.看到蜘蛛时她发出尖叫。
③Don’t let out the plan to the press.
别把这个计划泄漏给媒体。
自我探究
let out放……出去，发出(喊叫等)；泄漏，不小心说出。
归纳拓展
let alone 更不用说，更谈不上
let sb.alone 不打扰；不惊动
let sth.alone 不碰；不移动
let go 放手，放开
let down 把……放下来；使(某人)失望let in 允许进入
④There isn’t enough room for us，let alone any guests.
连我们都没有足够的空间，更不用说客人了。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)He accidentally ________ that he hadn’t been home for three weeks.
A．let out B．gave up
C．let in D．gave out
解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。let out透露，泄露；give up 放弃；let in进入；give out用尽，筋疲力尽。句意为：他无意中透露他已三周没在家了。可知A项正确。完成句子
(2)桶底有个洞漏水。
There is a hole in the bottom of the bucket that
__________________________.
lets water out/lets out water(3)有人走漏了消息。
The news ____________ by someone.
(4)看到礼物她高兴得叫了起来。
She ______________________ at the present.
was let outlet out a cry of joy3The main needle now used for acupuncture is fine and sharp.
如今，用于针刺疗法的主针细而锋利。
品味经典
①You must be very careful with this sharp knife.你用这把锋利的刀子必须很小心。
②She has a sharp mind.她头脑机敏。
③The lecture started at three o’clock sharp.
讲座于三点整开始。自我探究
sharp既可用作形容词，又可用作副词，用作形容词时，含义较多。sharp意为“锋利的”；“灵敏的”；“突然的”；“尖刻的”；“严厉的”；“整点”。
归纳拓展④The driver found the sharp left turn very difficult.
司机发现那个左急转弯车子很难开。
⑤That woman has a very sharp tongue.
那个女人说话非常尖刻。⑥Don’t be so sharp with the children.
不要对孩子这么严厉。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2011年高考福建卷)Nowadays，there is a ________ increase inchildren’s creativity，for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.
A．sharp B．slight
C．natural D．modest
解析：选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当今，孩子的创造力急剧提高，因为他们被鼓励去发展自己的天赋。故选sharp“急剧的”。slight“轻微的”；natural“自然的”；modest“谦虚的”。(2)The boss can be very sharp ________ people when he is busy.
A．at B．with
C．after D．along
解析：选B。be sharp with sb.为固定搭配，意为“训斥某人”。
4Some people have also used acupuncture to treat smokers，alcoholics and people who are addicted to drugs.
有些人也用针刺疗法来治疗吸烟者、酗酒者以及吸毒者。
品味经典
①He has become addicted to drugs.
他吸毒成瘾。
②His son is addicted to playing computer games.
他儿子沉迷于网络游戏。③I know that if I start watching a soap opera，I immediately become hopelessly addicted.
我知道，如果我开始看肥皂剧，我会立刻变得无可救药地上瘾。
自我探究
addicted adj.上瘾的，沉溺的；入迷的。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)The parents felt helpless when they found their son had ________ love stories for long.A．addicted
B．addicted to
C．addicted himself
D．been addicted to
解析：选D。句意：当父母发现他们的儿子已痴迷于爱情故事很长时间时，他们感到无助。本题考查短语be addicted to的完成形式。
(2)Compared with his sister，Jerry is even more ________ to，and more easily troubled by，emotional and relationship problems.
A．skeptical B．addicted
C．available D．sensitive
解析：选D。be sensitive to...对……敏感。Jerry is even more sensitive to emotional and relationship problems.more sensitive to与more easily troubled by并列。
(3)Don’t play computer games too often.Once ________ them，you will suffer later on.
A．adapted to B．addicted to
C．adjusted to D．applied to解析：选B。句意：不要经常玩电脑游戏。一旦上瘾，以后你会吃苦头的。once addicted to them的完整形式为once you are addicted to them。be addicted to... 对……上瘾。
(4)The ________ to gambling(赌博)cost him his family and life.
A．interest B．addiction
C．involvement D．experience
解析：选B。interest后接介词in；addiction后接介词to；involvement后接介词in。
5A lot of people now subscribe to these theories.
很多人现在都认同这些理论。
品味经典
①Which journals does the library subscribe to?
图书馆订有哪些报刊？
②Actually，she doesn’t subscribe to your opinion.
事实上，她不同意你的观点。
③He subscribed his name to the contract.
他在合同上签名。④He has subscribed much money to the flooded area.
他向灾区捐了大量的钱。
自我探究
subscribe vi.同意；订阅 vt.签署(文件)；捐助。常用搭配：subscribe...to...在……上签署；向……捐……。
牛刀小试
单项填空
—What about Mary’s idea?
—Very good！But not many people ________ the idea that money brings happiness.A．subscribe to B．take to
C．contribute to D．relate to
解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：——你认为玛丽的想法怎么样？——很好。但是不是很多人同意金钱带来幸福这种想法。
subscribe to意为“同意，赞成”；take to意为“喜欢上，染上……习惯”；contribute to意为“有助于”；relate to意为“与……有关”。
6getting students’ eyes checked regularly by a doctor
定期让医生给学生检查眼睛品味经典
①Teachers must get their students equipped with modern knowledge.老师必须让学生以现代知识武装自己。
②You should get the room cleaned immediately.
你应当立刻收拾一下房间。
自我探究
句中的get为使役动词，get sth.done意为“某事由别人去做”，句中checked是过去分词，作宾语补足语，与宾语the students’ eyes构成被动关系。
归纳拓展③I can’t get my car starting in the winter.
在冬天我不能使我的车发动起来。
④Who will you get to do the interview?
你想让谁去进行这次采访？
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)Miss Li got Henry ________ the blackboard.
A．clean B．cleans
C．to clean D．cleaned
解析：选C。句意：李小姐叫亨利擦黑板。这里考查get sb.to do sth.表示“让某人做某事”。
完成句子
(2)她没办法让他们理解她的话。
She couldn’t ________________________
get them to understandwhat she was saying.
(3)他努力让马跑了起来。
He managed to ________________________.
(4)今晚我应该能完成第1章。
I should be able to
get the horse running_____________________________by tonight.get the first chapter finished译文助读
Magic needles：Chinese acupuncture
One of the most famous Chinese medical treatments is the art of ‘magic needles’，or Chinese acupuncture. It was developed long ago，perhaps as early as 2000 BC.There is evidence that acupuncture began during the Stone Age，when stone tools called bian(砭)were used to press areas of the body.As acupuncture developed，the simple bian stones were replaced by stone needles.Eventually，metal needles began to appear and took their place.There were nine different kinds of needles. These included a needle with a head like an arrow，used for making shallow holes in the surface of the skin；a needle with a round tip，used for pressing the tissue under the skin；a dull needle，used for tapping against pressure points；and a needle like a small sword，used for letting liquid out of body parts which had swollen up.These needles could be made of different metals，such as gold and silver.Some acupuncturists today still use gold and silver needles，but the majority useonly stainless steel ones.The main needle now used for acupuncture is fine and sharp.Most of the others have been replaced by more complex medical instruments.For example，the needle looking like a sword has been replaced by a sharp knife that doctors
use in operations.
Acupuncture uses stainless steel needles that are put into the skin at certain points on the body so that a disease can be cured or a health problem solved.These points are called acupuncture points. When acupuncture was first practised，there were 365 such points.The number of acupuncture points was the same as the number of days in a year.However，over the last 2,000 years，this number has gradually increased to about 2,000.Some acupuncturists insert needles at or near the body part affected by the disease，while others select points according to the symptoms that the patient has.
If you go to an acupuncturist，he or she will ask you questions about yourmedical history and your way of life.The acupuncturist will look at the colour of your skin and your tongue，
listen to your breathing，and check your pulses.Western medicine only recognizes one pulse which indicates the heartbeat. However，according to traditional Chinese medicine，there are twelve different pulses，six on each wrist，and every one of them is connected with a major body organ or its fun_ction.By checking all the pulses，the acupuncturist can find out which
energy channel does not have enough energy. Some of the medical problems that can be treated by acupuncture include severe pains，headaches，injuries，stomach problems and high blood pressure.Some people have also used acupuncture to treat smokers，
alcoholics and people who are addicted to drugs.
How acupuncture reduces pain is not clear.One theory explaining this phenomenon suggests that acupuncture blocks pain signals from reaching the brain.
Another theory relates acupuncture to the production of chemicals in the body which reduce pain.A lot of people now subscribe to these theories.
As a unique contribution of traditional Chinese medicine，acupuncture spread to many other Asian countries，such as Japan，as early as the 6th century.It was introduced to the West in the 17th century. Today acupuncture has become popular round the world，as have other traditional Chinese medicines.The World Health Organization recommends acupuncture as a good treatment for over forty medical problems. While doubts about its safety have faded away，interest continues to grow.
神针：中国针刺疗法
“神针”艺术，或称中国针刺疗法，是最有名的中医疗法之一。很久之前它就被研制出来，也许早至公元前2000年。有证据表明针刺疗法始于石器时代，那时一种叫“砭”的石器，被用来按压身体部位。
随着针刺疗法的发展，简易的砭石被石针所代替。最终，金属针开始出现并取代了石针。当时有九种不同种类的针，包括：头部像箭的针，用于在皮肤表面刺出小孔；头部是圆形的针，用于按压皮下组织；钝头针，用于敲打压痛点；像小剑一样的针，用于让液体从肿胀部位流出。这些针由金、银等不同的金属制成。
一些针灸师如今仍使用金针或银针，但大部分医师只使用不锈钢制成的针。如今，用于针刺疗法的主针细而锋利。而大多数其他的针已被更为复杂的医疗器械所代替。例如，剑形针已被手术时医生所使用的锋利的手术刀所取代。
针刺疗法用不锈钢针插入身体的某些点，以治疗疾病或解决健康问题。这些点称为针刺穴位。最初，针刺疗法有365个这样的穴位，其数量和一年的天数相同。然而，在过去的2000年中，这一数量已逐渐增至大约2000个。一些针灸师在病灶处或病灶附近扎针，而另外一些则根据病人的症状选择扎针的位置。
假如你去看针灸师，他或她会询问你的病史和生活方式。针灸师会察看你的肤色和舌头，听你的呼吸，并为你诊脉。西医只认可显示心跳的那个脉搏。然而按传统中医的说法，有十二条不同的经脉，每个手腕上分布六条。每条经脉都和身体的一个主要器官或器官功能相关。通过检查所有的经脉，针灸师便能查明哪条经络乏力。可通过针刺疗法来医治的一些健康问题包括剧痛、头痛、伤痛、胃病和高血压。有些人也用针刺疗法来治疗吸烟者、酗酒者以及吸毒者。
针刺疗法是如何减轻病痛的尚不清楚。一种解释这一现象的理论认为，针刺疗法使疼痛信号无法到达大脑。另外一种理论则将针刺疗法和人体内减痛化学物质的产生联系起来。很多人现在都认同这些理论。
针刺疗法作为传统中医的一项独特贡献，传播到了许多亚洲其他国家，如早在公元6世纪就传入了日本。它在17世纪传到了西方。
今天，如同其他的传统中医疗法一样，针刺疗法在世界各地颇受欢迎。世界卫生组织推荐针刺疗法为处理四十余种医疗难题的好方法。对它的安全性的疑虑逐渐消除，而人们对它的兴趣在继续增加。
写作专题突破【写作要求】
你校学生会对全校学生眼睛近视情况做了一个调查，结果表明90%的同学患有不同程度的近视，学校就如何保护视力请医生给家长和学生提出一些建议，请你根据这些信息写一篇广播稿，在学校广播站播出。医生建议如下：1．不要躺在床上或在光线暗淡的地方看书。
2．用电脑或看电视一个小时左右要让眼睛休息放松一下。
3．课间可以向窗外看或看看绿色植物。
4．每天做眼保健操。5．多吃含维生素A、C、E的蔬菜和水果。
6．定期检查视力，及时发现问题。
要求：
1．词数：120左右；
2．为使内容连贯，可以适当发挥。
【要点词汇】
1．进行调查__________________
2．遭受，患上__________________
3．躺在床上__________________
4．眼睛注视__________________
5．做眼保健操__________________conduct a surveysuffer fromin bedfocus one’s eyes ondo eye exercises6．含有__________________
7．有益于__________________
8．引起某人注意
____________________
containbe beneficial tobring one’s attention【句式结构】
1．医生强烈建议不要在微弱灯光下卧床看书。
The doctor strongly suggests that students ________________________ with poor lighting.should not read in bed2．在电脑上工作或看电视时，每隔一小时放松一下眼睛。
Have their eyes ____________ once an hour when ____________on computers or watching TV.
workingrelaxed3．父母每年可以检查孩子的视力从而就可发现问题，如果有的话。
Parents can get their children’s eyes ____________ every year ____________ problems can be found if any.testedso that【连句成篇】
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________【佳作欣赏】
Good morning，everyone.This is David at the school radio station.
We have conducted a survey about short-sightedness the students in the whole school，which shows that 90% of them are suffering fromshort-sightedness.We have interviewed a doctor in our city about what parents and students can do to protect students’ eyesight.
The doctor strongly suggests that students should not read in bed with poor lighting as well. Have their eyes relaxed once an hour when working on computers or watching TV.Look out of the window or focus their eyes on green trees and grass during the break between classes.
Do eye exercises twice every day.Eat more vegetables and fruit containing Vitamins A，C and E，which is beneficial to the eyes.Besides，parents can get their children’s eyes tested every year so that problems can be found if any.I hope our survey might bring your attention to the problem and be helpful for you.Thank you for listening.
【类文点津】
广播稿是一种应用文，它的对象是听众，要注意收听的效果，语言要动听、口语化，避免因音同词不同而造成的误解，也不要因无法念出标点符号而产生误解。
广播稿的结构：
1．问候语。
如Good morning，everyone./Hi，everyone.It is the news time now.
2．自我介绍。
如This is David at the school radio station.
3．主题。
广播节目首先要把主题介绍给听众。
4．分节。
不能滔滔不绝长篇大论，须分成几部分，逐步把主题介绍给听众。如：开头、解释话题、介绍背景信息、包括当前情况等。5．建议。
向听众表示自己的希望或建议。
6．结尾。
向听众表示感谢，如Thank you for listening.【注意】 1.广播稿形式灵活多样，如新闻报道、经验介绍、评论、说明文等；
2．要写得短小、通俗、口语化。
课件10张PPT。Unit 2 Fit for life 教材背景链接Cheerfulness is the promoter of health. —Joseph Addison
心情愉快是健康的增进剂。
——英国作家阿狄生·丁Happiness lies，first of all，in health.
—G.W.Curis
幸福首先在于健康。
——美国作家寇第斯G.W.
如何让眼睛保持健康，缓解眼部疲劳呢？让我们一起做
眼部运动吧！
5 tips on how to
exercise your eyesWe all know how important it is to keep our bodies fit by doing things like going to the gym，jogging，and swimming. But do you know that you can exercise your eyes as well？Eye exercising will keep your eyes healthy and help reduce eyestrain. Note that these steps are not meant to improve your vision，but to maintain it.
Exercise 1：Movement.Sit and relax.
Roll your eyes clockwise，then counter-clockwise. Repeat 5 times，blinking in between each time.
Exercise 3：Watch the time with your eyes.Imagine that you are standing in front of a really big clock.Look at the middle of the clock.Then look at any hour mark，without turning your head.Look back at the center.Then look at another hour mark. Do this at least 12 times.You can also do this exercise with your eyes closed.
Exercise 4：Follow a pencil.Hold a pencil in front of you at an arm’s distance.Move your arm slowly to your nose.Follow the pencil with your eyes until you can keep it in focus. Repeat 10 times.
Exercise 5：Writing on the wall.Look at the wall in front of you and pretend that you are writing with your eyes.Don’t move your head.This may seem difficult at first，but with a bit of practice it is really fun. The bigger the letters，the better the effect.
Find the words in the passage that match the following explanations.
1．____________ n．tired or painful eyes as a result of too much reading，looking at a computer screen，etc. eyestrain(in Para.1)
2．____________n．ability to see(in Para.1)
3．____________ v．to shut and open your eyes quickly(in Para.2)
visionblink课件182张PPT。Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading速效提能演练预习多维感知 Section Ⅰ重点难点探究预习多维感知?Step One：Fast Reading
Read the text quickly and choose the best answers.
1．What aspect doesn’t the first speaker mention? ( )
A．Weather forecasts.
B．Academic research.
C．Online movie.
D．Travel packages.C2．The primary use of the Internet according to a survey done in the USA is________.
A．to advance knowledge about hobbies
B．to acquire knowledge from the information in libraries and museumsDC．to communicate with experts on all sorts of topics
D．to gather information
3．What is the most important thing in building a Internet friendship?( )
A．Common interests.
B．Appearance.
C．Age.
D．Popularity.
A4．The structure of the passage“The Internet has positive effects on our lives”can be described as ________.
A5．According to the passage“The Internet has negative effects on our lives”，Li Lei might support the idea of ________.
A．keeping away from the Internet cafeDB．banning students from using the Internet
C．not searching for information on the Internet
D．getting information in traditional ways
?Step Two：Listening
Listen to the tape and answer the following questions.
1．What are the speeches about?
__________________________________________________________________They are about different effects of the Internet on our lives.2．The first speaker talks about the positive effects of the Internet on our lives.How many main points does he make?________________
3．The second speaker talks about the negative effects of the Internet on our lives. Two.What are the two points he makes?
____________________________
______________________________
______________________________
①Uncontrolled information.
②The change in the way
people spend their time.?Step Three：Careful Reading
Read the text and fill in the blanks.
valuenewspackages academicfriendshipsdisablednegativewaytimeabilities?Step Four：Summary
Zhu Fei and Li Lei had a debate about the advantages and 1.______________ of Internet use.Zhu Fei first analyzed the value for people who are looking for information.He also mentioned the ability to build social 2.________disadvantagesbondsand form 3.____________. Internet friendships can be built based on common 4.____________.With the help of the Internet，the disabled can 5.______________ with the outside world.
friendshipsinterestscommunicateBut Li Lei listed the 6.____________effects.He think the main 7.____________ of the Internet are too much information that has not been evaluated for accuracy and the 8.______________ in the way people spend their time. negativedrawbackstransformingHe think that the huge 9.____________ of false information becomes more of a problem.Another disadvantage of the Internet he referred to is that it is 10.____________ people’s private lives.
amountaffecting?Step Five：Discussion
What do you think the most important benefit of the Internet is?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Internet is a great help to people who are in need of various information.重点难点探究1Search for information on a varietyof topics.
搜寻关于多种话题的信息。品味经典
①Today CCTV offers a great variety of programs to meet different tastes.
现在中央电视台有各种节目满足人们不同的爱好。
②There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from.有种类繁多的图案可供选择。
自我探究
a variety of 意为“各种各样的”，为固定短语。
归纳拓展【注意】 a variety of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词原则上要用复数，但有时也可用单数。the variety of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。
③A variety of books have been published.出版了各种各样的书。
④The variety of goods in this shop is rich.
商店里的货物品种丰富。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)This tool can be used ________.
A．in variety of ways
B．in a variety of way
C．in a variety of ways
D．in a various way
解析：选C。a variety of或varieties of“多种多样的”，way为可数名词，意为“方法”，故C项正确。
(2)More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a wide ________of goods.
A．variety B．mixture
C．attention D．kind
解析：选A。句意：越来越多的人选择去超市购物，因为超市提供各种各样的商品。a wide variety of种类繁多的；a mixture of...……的混合物；attention注意；a kind of一种。根据语境可知应选A。
完成句子
(3)她由于种种原因拒绝了那份工作。
She refused the job _______________________.
(4)习俗在各个国家都不同。
The customfor a variety of reasons___________country ________country.
2When people need information，from the news and weather forecasts to travel packages and academic research，the Internet is now the first source they turn to.
varies fromto当人们需要信息时，无论是时事新闻、天气预报还是包价旅游和学术研究，因特网如今是很多人的首选信息源。
品味经典
①Though she turned to me for help，yet I was puzzled by the question.
她向我寻求帮助，但我对该题也很困惑。
②He turned to page 14 and read the funny story.他把书翻到第14页，读那个有趣的故事。
自我探究
turn to 意为“求助于；翻到(页码)”，可构成turn to sb.for help向某人求助，turn to sb.for advice向某人寻求建议等结构。
归纳拓展③Don’t worry，I’m sure it will all turn out fine.
不要担心。我敢肯定一切最终会好起来的。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2011年高考江苏卷)—You look upset.What’s the matter?
—I had my proposal ________again.
A．turned over B．turned on
C．turned off D．turned down
解析：选D。考查动词短语辨析。从对话可知答话人的建议遭到了拒绝，因此有点儿不快。turn down“拒绝，顶回(提议、建议或提议人)”，符合句意。turn over“翻转”，turn on“打开”，turn off“关掉”。
(2)(2010年高考辽宁卷)Thousands of people ________to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland.
A．turned on
B．turned in
C．turned around
D．turned out解析：选D。句意：成千上万的人到现场观看昨天与爱尔兰的那场比赛。turn on打开；turn in上交，归还；turn around转身；turn out 出席(某项活动)，在场。
用适当的介词或副词填空
(3)It’s half past ten，but he hasn’t turned ________yet.
(4)Please turn the radio ________a bit；I’m doing my homework.
(5)The job turn ________to be harder than we thought.updownout(6)Turn ______________and let me look at your back.
3With the touch of a button or the click of a mouse，a student will find abundant information from the largest libraries and museums in the world at his or her command.around/round一名学生轻按键盘键或点击鼠标，就能从世界上最大的图书馆和博物馆找到大量信息，加以使用。
(1)abundant
品味经典
①Peru has abundant plants from desert grasses to vast areas of jungle.
秘鲁从沙漠中的草到大片的丛林有着大量的植物。②The country is abundant in natural resources.
那个国家自然资源丰富。
自我探究
abundant adj.丰富的，充裕的，be abundant in＝be rich in富有……；……很丰富。
归纳拓展③At the feast there was an abundance of food and drink.
宴会上有丰盛的食品和饮料。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)The ________resources and stablepolicy provide them with the advantages of developing their businesses.
A．generous B．limited
C．narrow D．abundant
解析：选D。句意：丰富的资源及稳定的政策有利于他们发展经济。generous“慷慨的”；limited“有限的”；narrow“窄的”；abundant“丰富的”。结合句意应选D。
完成句子
(2)Australia ________________(富有)various wildlife.
is abundant in(2)command
品味经典
①You must obey the captain’s commands.
你必须服从船长的命令。
②Applicants will be expected to havea good command of English.申请人必须精通英语。
③He commanded that we (should) come at once.
他命令我们立刻来。自我探究
command名词，意为命令，掌握；动词，意为命令。
归纳拓展【注意】 后接的从句用虚拟语气的词汇：
一个“坚持”(insist)
两条“命令”(order，command)
三则“建议”(suggest/suggestion，advise/advice，propose/proposal)四点“要求”(demand，desire，require，request)
牛刀小试
单项填空
(3)The army officer ________his men to fire as soon as the enemies came up.
A．requested B．commanded
C．begged D．suggested
解析：选B。依据语境，应用command。command sb.to do sth.表示“命令某人做某事”。
完成句子
(4)哈撒韦法官完全控制着法庭的局面。
Judge Hathaway was _____________________________the courtroom.in complete command of(5)每位国会议员都有一大群下属听从吩咐。
Each congressman has a large staff ________________.
at his command4 The main drawbacks of the Internet I will address today are that it has too much information that has not been evaluated for accuracy，and that it is transforming the way people spend their time.我今天所要谈及的因特网的主要缺点是网上有太多未经核准的信息，以及它正改变人们使用时间的方式。
(1)address
品味经典
①Your essay does not address the real issues.你的论文没有论证实质问题。
②He is going to address the meeting.
他将在大会上发表演说。
③Address your application to the Personnel Manager.
把你的申请信寄给人事经理。
④Write the name and address on the envelope.
在信封上写上姓名和地址。
自我探究
address动词，意为探讨，处理，对……作演讲，写地址；名词，意为地址。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)The letter ________to Li Ping is posted here.
A．addressing B．addressed
C．to address D．being addressed解析：选B。本题考查非谓语动词。address与the letter之间为动宾关系，故应用过去分词作定语。
(2)He ________the audience in an eloquent speech.
A．spoke B．addressed
C．noticed D．broadcast
解析：选B。四个选项中只有address(向……发表演说)后面可以跟人作宾语。
翻译下面划线单词
(3)The mayor gave a television address yesterday evening.
_______________演讲，讲话(4)We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.
_________
(5)The letter was correctly addressed，but delivered to the wrong house.
__________
解决写地址(2)evaluate
品味经典
①You should evaluate your chances of success before making a decision.
做出决定前，你应该估计成功的几率。②The teacher evaluated the performance of each student.
老师对每个学生的表现作了评价。
③Your work will be evaluated by the committee members.
你的工作将由委员会成员作评价。自我探究
evaluate vt.意为对……评估，对……评价；对……核定。
④I attempted an honest evaluation of my own life.
我试图如实地评价我自己的一生。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(6)The school has only been open forsix months，so it’s too early to ________its success.
A．think B．evaluate
C．fail D．refuse
解析：选B。句意：这所学校开办仅仅六个月，所以要对它的成绩作出评价为时尚早。
本句的too early和success说明这里说的是对该校的评价，所以选B。
(7)We have to wait for months for the government to ________our project.
A．adapt B．evaluate
C．supply D．divide解析：选B。句意：我们还要等几个月，等待政府评估这个项目。
(8)Teachers shouldn’t ________the ability of a student only based on his marks in the exams.
A．evaluate B．value
C．comment D．criticize
解析：选A。evaluate one’s ability评价某人的能力。value重视，估价；comment on sth.对……作出评论；criticize批评。
5This study shows that people who spend too much time on the Internet tend to withdraw from the people and the world round them.
这项研究显示，在网上花费太多时间的人有离群避世的倾向。
品味经典
①I’d like to withdraw $250.
我想取250美元。
②The newspaper
withdrew the allegations the next day.
这家报纸第二天收回了这些指控。③He has withdrawn his forces from the region.
他把部队撤离了这个地区。
自我探究
withdraw在句①中是动词，意为提取(银行存款)；在句②中是动词，意为收回(前言等)；取消；在句③中意为撤离，撤回，常用结构：withdraw...from...从……撤出/退出。
牛刀小试
单项填空
The milk is reported to have serious side effects and has been ________from the market for further tests.
A．withdrawn
B．cancelled
C．renewed
D．appointed
解析：选A。句意：据报道，这种牛奶有严重的副作用，因此已从市场上收回，以做进一步的测试。withdraw收回，撤回；cancel取消，删去；renew使更新；appoint任命，安排。
6This is an unfortunate aspect of the Internet that alarms me.
这是因特网一个不利的方面，让我感到害怕。
品味经典
①I don’t want to alarm you，but there’s a strange man.
我并不想吓着你，不过有个陌生人。
②I hammered on all the doors to raise the alarm.
我敲遍所有的门让大家警觉。③The Red Cross has sounded the alarm about the threat of famine.
红十字会已发出了饥荒威胁的警报。
自我探究
alarm动词，意为使惊恐；名词，意为警觉；警报，警报器。alarmed adj.害怕的；alarming adj.令人害怕的。
巧学助记归纳拓展
（1）be alarmed by/at sth.因……而惊恐
be alarmed at/for...被……吓一跳
be alarmed to do...做……感到恐慌（2）in alarm惊恐地(常作状语)
give/raise/sound the alarm发出警报
a burglar/fire/smoke alarm防盗/防火/烟火警报器牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)________by the sharp fall of the stock market，thousands of stockholders sold out their stock at a sacrifice.A．Provided B．Alarmed
C．Inspired D．Encouraged
解析：选B。句意：股市的急剧下跌使得人们恐慌不已，成千上万的持票者亏本卖掉了他们的股票。provide提供；alarm使惊恐；inspire激励；encourage鼓舞。根据句意可知，答案是B。
完成句子
(2)A small boy saw the smoke and _________________________________
(发出警报)．
(3)________________________(我们都感到惊恐)the news that war might break out.
raised/gave/sounded the alarmWe were alarmed at用alarm的适当形式填空
(4)I was sleeping soundly in the early morning when a telephone ____________ me awake.I was even ____________to hear the ____________ news that another bombing had hit London.alarmedalarmedalarming7What do you think the most important benefit of the Internet is?
你认为因特网最重要的好处是什么？品味经典
①Who do you think is the tallest in your class?
你认为谁是你们班最高的？
②What do you think he is looking for?
你认为他正在找什么？③Why do you think she will not join us in the discussion?
自我探究
你认为她为什么不会参加我们的讨论？
句中do you think作插入语，此句为复合疑问句，其句式结构为：疑问词＋do you think＋其余部分？，其余部分为陈述语序。
归纳拓展
(1)多用于以上句型的动词除think外，常见的还有believe，consider，suppose，imagine，guess，say和suggest等。还有能接宾语从句的形容词，如：afraid，sure，glad，certain，surprised，pleased等。(2)do you know放于疑问词前，不能看作插入语。
④Who are you sure will get the first place in the examination?
你确信谁会在考试中获得第一名？
⑤Do you know who will be sent there?你认为谁会被派到那儿去？
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)—Who do you think ________the book here?
—It may be John.He was sitting hereall the morning.
A．was leaving B．leaves
C．had left D．has left
解析：选D。强调过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响——书留在这里，应该用现在完成时。
(2)How long do you think ________the computer company turns out a new product?
A．it will be that
B．will it be until
C．will it be since
D．it will be before解析：选D。do you think在句中为插入语，其后应用陈述语气，排除B、C。“it will be＋一段时间＋before从句”为固定句型，意为“要过多长时间才……”，由句意可知D项正确。
8Without the Internet，these people would have fewer avenues to meet people.
如果没有因特网，这些人与别人交往的途径就会更少。
品味经典
①Man couldn’t live without water.(＝if there were no water)
没有水人类就不能生存。
②I could not have finished the work so soon without your help.(＝if you had not helped me)
自我探究
本句中“would have”是虚拟语气结构，表示与现在的事实相反的假设，without引导的介词短语表示虚拟条件，相当于if引导的虚拟条件句，“if it weren’t for the Internet，these people would have fewer avenues to meetpeople.”without的这种用法既可表示与现在的事实相反的假设(主句中用would/could/might/should do)，也可表示与过去的事实相反的假设(主句中用would/could/might/should have done)。
归纳拓展
连词or/otherwise(否则)，词组but for(要不是……)也有类似于without的这种用法。③He fled away，or/otherwise he would have been killed.
＝He fled away.If he hadn’t fled away，he would have been killed.
他逃走了，否则，他会丧命的。
④But for your assistance，we could not have accomplished it.要不是你的帮忙，我们是不会完成的。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2011年高考陕西卷)I ________through that bitter period without your generous help.A．couldn’t have gone
B．didn’t go
C．wouldn’t go
D．hadn’t gone
解析：选A。考查虚拟语气。英语中without，with，or，otherwise或under等可构成委婉虚拟语气，此时句中的谓语动词应用should/could/would＋动词原形(与现在或将来事实相反)或should/could/would＋have＋过去分词(与过去事实相反)。
据此可知A项当选。句意：假如当时没有您慷慨相助，我就不会度过那段艰难的时期。
(2)Without water it ________impossible to live on the earth.
A．is B．wouldC．were D．would be
解析：选D。句意：没有水，在地球上生存是不可能的。这里考查的是without引导的暗含条件的虚拟语气。是对现在情况的虚拟，所以借助would，还要注意语意。
(3)(2011年高考江西卷)We ________John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
A．will put
B．will have put
C．would put
D．would have put
解析：选D。句意：要不是约翰目前的伤情，我们昨天就会把他的名字列到比赛名单中了。but for表示“要不是”，根据yesterday可知此处表示与过去的事实相反，结合选项可知主句中应用would＋have done，故选D。
9For these reasons，I believe the Internet is a positive tool that helps make our lives better.
基于这些原因，我认为因特网是件有利的工具，可以让我们生活得更好。
品味经典
①We made him our team leader.
我们选他当我们的队长。
②Our French teacher always tries his best to make his classes full of interest.
我们的法语老师总是想方设法使他的课充满趣味。③If you speak English，be sure to make yourself understood.
如果你说英语，务必让人明白你的意思。
④His joke made the children laugh all the time.
他的笑话让孩子们一直笑个不停。
自我探究
make后面带复合宾语，即宾语＋宾语补足语。在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、过去分词或不带to的不定式。【注意】 (1)make后面接非谓语动词作宾语补足语时，只有不定式和过去分词两种形式，不能用现在分词。
(2)make后面作宾语补足语的不定式，不带to，但是当make用于被动语态时，不定式要带to。
⑤She was made to sing us a foreign song at the party.
在那次聚会上，她被要求给我们唱一首外文歌曲。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ________in his lectures.
A．interested B．interesting
C．interest D．to interest
解析：选A。考查非谓语动词在make后面作宾语补足语的用法。此处interested表示(人)感兴趣的，作宾语补足语。
(2)(2011年高考安徽卷)Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier ________ into small
pieces.
A．break B．breaking
C．broken D．to break
解析：选D。考查非谓语动词。此处所要表达的意思是让巧克力更容易掰成一小块一小块的，表示的是尚未发生的目的性动作，所以用动词不定式形式。句中easier to break into small pieces作宾语补足语。
10...and that it is transforming the way people spend their time.
……以及它正改变人们使用时间的方式。
品味经典
①I like the way in which he talks.
我喜欢他说话的方式。
②Is this the way(that/which)you think of to solve the problem?
这就是你想出的解决问题的方法吗？
自我探究
句中的the way之后紧跟省略引导词that/in which的定语从句people spend their time，引导词在定语从句中作状语。
试比较：那位老师向孩子们解释的方法很简单。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)The way ________he teaches children is quite different from hers.
A．/ B．that
C．in which D．all of the above解析：选D。句意：他教孩子的方法与她的有很大不同。分析句子结构可知，________he teaches children为定语从句，修饰先行词way，关系词在从句中作状语，故关系词可用that/in which或省略，所以D项切题。
(2)We should treat our students(in)the way ________suits them most.
A．that B．in which
C．/ D．why解析：选A。由句子结构可看出，________suits them most为定语从句，先行词是way，从句中缺主语，故关系词可用that/which。故选A。句意：我们应该用最适合学生的方式对待他们。
11In 2003，eBay，a famous website where people buy and sell things，said that 70 per cent of their problems were with people who sold things that did not exist，or who lied about the products they were selling.
2003年，著名的购物网站eBay称，该网站70%的麻烦都与那些贩卖子虚乌有的东西或就所售产品撒谎的人有关。
品味经典
①Take a bus to Qufu，where Confucius was buried.乘坐公共汽车去曲阜，那里葬着孔子。
②Canada has vast areas of wilderness，where average winter temperatures are usually minus 20 degrees centigrade.
加拿大有大片的荒芜地带，那儿冬天的平均温度通常在零下二十摄氏度。
自我探究
在句中where引导限制性定语从句，where在定语从句中作地点状语。
③Can you find a situation where this phrase can be used？(定语从句)
你能找到一个能使用这个短语的场合吗？
④Where we’ll hold the debate isn’t decided.(主语从句)
我们在哪儿进行这次讨论还没决定。⑤That is where you are mistaken.(表语从句)
那就是你的错误所在。
⑥Can you tell me where he works？(宾语从句)
你能告诉我他在哪儿工作吗？⑦I have no idea where all this will lead.(同位语从句)
我不知道这件事会惹出什么后果。
⑧You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.(地点状语从句)
你最好在有问题的地方做个记号。
【注意】 where在引导定语从句时，在从句中作地点状语。当先行词是case，situation，point等时，如果关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，可用where作关系词。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2010年高考福建卷)Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ________life has developed gradually.
A．that B．where
C．which D．Whose
解析：选B。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰先行词the only planet，且在从句中作地点状语，所以选用关系副词where。关系代词that和which通常在从句中作主语或宾语；whose通常在从句中作定语，均不符合要求。
(2)(2011年高考陕西卷)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends，________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A．which B．where
C．who D．that
解析：选B。考查定语从句。句意：我和我的朋友们走到山顶，在那里我们观赏了湖的美景。根据句意可知从句缺少地点状语，故用where引导。
(3)(2011年高考安徽卷)Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，________it will keep for two or three weeks.
A．when B．which
C．where D．while
解析：选C。考查定语从句。句意：无论剩下什么东西，都可以放入冰箱中，在那儿可以保存两三个星期。“where it will keep for two or three weeks”是定语从句，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。译文助读
THE EFFECTS OF THE INTERNET ON OUR LIVES
The Internet has positive effects on our livesMy name is Zhu Fei and I am speaking in favour of the Internet－I believe that the Internet has positive effects on our lives.There are two main points which must be included when we analyse the Internet. The first is its value for people who are looking for information.The second is our ability to relate to others through the Internet.
When people need information，from the news and weather forecasts totravel packages and academic research，the Internet is now the first source they turn to.With the touch of a button or the click of a mouse，a student will find abundant information from the largest libraries and museums in the world at his or her command.
Internet users can communicate with experts on all sorts of topics，and read articles written by people who are leaders of their fields.
Yet，some people are sceptical.They claim that surfing the Internet is a waste of time. They make the assumption that children spend too much time chatting and playing games instead of focusing on their school work.However，a recent survey conducted in the USA shows that 80 per cent of Internet users employ it mostly to search foranswers to questions.The second most common use of the Internet，for 79 per cent of Internet users，is to find out information about hobbies.These statistics prove that gathering information is the primary use for the Internet.
Another truly wonderful aspect of the Internet is the way people use it to build social bonds.One of the greatest benefits of Internet friendships is that they are based on common interests，rather than appearance or age.Young people from diverse backgrounds anddifferent countries can form friendships that will last their entire lives.What is more，people who are disabled and must stay in their homes can correspond and communicate with others around the globe who have similar interests. Without the Internet，these people would have fewer avenues to meet people.
For these reasons，I believe the Internet is a positive tool that helps make our lives better.The Internet has negative effects on our lives
My name is Li Lei and I will be speaking against the Internet.In my opinion，the Internet has negative effects on our lives.The main drawbacks of the Internet I will
address today are that it has too much information that has not been evaluated for accuracy，and that it is transforming the way people spend their time.
Of course，access to up?to?date，accurate information is an important thing for anyone who is doing research.One great strength of the Internet is that it provides information. One great weakness of the Internet，though，is that it is difficult to know whether the information is true and accurate.The huge amount of false information on the Internet
becomes more of a problem every day.This is very troublesome because we cannot always tell if the information is true or not.In 2003，eBay，a famous website where people buy and sell things，said that 70 per cent of their problems were withpeople who sold things that did not exist，or who lied about the products they were selling.Educators around the world complain that students are handing in papers using false information they found on the Internet. These problems do not occur as often when people use traditional reference materials，such as books，newspapers and magazines.
Another disadvantage of the Internet is the way that it is affecting people’s private lives. Now，instead of spending time together in the evening，some families spend their time apart because one or more members are using the computer，or are in a booth at an Internet cafe.In fact，some young people spend so much time playing computer games
on the Internet that they have become addicted to them.To help solve this problem，a special clinic was opened in Beijing in 2005.
One unfortunate outcome of Internet use is that it damages people’s ability to live normal lives. One university did a study about the students who had dropped out，and found that 43 per cent of them were heavy Internet users.This study shows that people who spend too much time on the Internet tend to withdraw from the people and the world round them.
These are all negative effects the Internet has on our lives.I feel it is important for us either to limit our use of the Internet，or to learn how to handle the problems it has caused.
因特网对我们生活的影响
因特网对我们的生活有正面影响
我叫朱飞，我代表支持因特网的一方发言。也就是说，我认为因特网对我们的生活有正面的影响。我们对因特网进行分析时，必须包含两个要点：第一个是因特网对于搜索信息的人具有的价值；第二个是我们通过因特网与他人建立联系的能力。
当人们需要信息时，无论是时事新闻、天气预报还是包价旅游和学术研究，因特网如今是很多人的首选信息源。
一名学生轻按键盘键或点击鼠标，就能从世界上最大的图书馆和博物馆中找到大量信息，加以使用。因特网使用者能与专家就各种话题进行交流，也可以阅读各个领域的领军人物所撰写的文章。
然而也有人持怀疑态度。他们声称网上冲浪浪费时间。他们想当然地认为，孩子们花费过多的时间聊天或玩游戏，而不是将精力集中在他们的学习上。然而，最近美国一项调查显示，80%的因特网使用者上网的主要目的是为了寻找问题的答案。对于79%的因特网使用者来说，因特网的第二个最常见的用途是了解有关个人爱好方面的信息。这些数据证明，收集信息是人们使用因特网的主要目的。因特网的另一个真正精彩之处是人们通过它建立社会联系。
网络友谊最大的好处之一在于它们是基于共同的兴趣爱好而形成的，而非取决于人们的外貌或年龄。来自不同国家、有着不同背景的年轻人能在网上形成终身的友谊。此外，身有残疾而必须待在家里的人也能通过因特网与全球各地趣味相投的人们通信、交流。如果没有因特网，这些人与别人交往的途径就会更少。
基于这些原因，我认为因特网是件有利的工具，可以让我们生活得更好。
因特网对我们的生活有负面影响
我叫李雷。我代表反方发言。在我看来，因特网对我们的生活有着负面影响。我今天所要谈及的因特网的主要缺点是网上有太多未经核准的信息，以及它正改变人们使用时间的方式。
当然，对于做研究的任何人来说，获得最新的、精确的信息是件重要的事情。因特网最大的一个好处就是它能提供信息。但是，因特网的一大缺点是人们很难知道这些信息是否真实和准确。因特网上大量的虚假信
息已日渐成为一个问题。因为我们并不总是能够辨别因特网上的信息的真伪，这个问题很棘手。2003年，著名的购物网站eBay称，该网站70%的麻烦都与那些贩卖子虚乌有的东西或就所售产品撒谎的人有关。世界各地的教师都抱怨，他们的学生在提交的论文中使用了在网上找到的虚假信息。当人们使用诸如书籍、报刊和杂志这样的传统参考资料时，诸如此类的谬误就不会如此频繁地出现了。
因特网的另一个缺点是它影响人们私人生活的方式。如今，有些家庭成员们晚上不是一起共度时光，而是各自分开，因为一个或更多的家庭成员在使用电脑，或者在网吧的隔间里。事实上，有的年轻人花这么多时间在网上玩电脑游戏，以致上瘾。为了帮助解决这个问题，一家专门的诊所2005年在北京开张。
使用因特网的一个不幸结果是它毁了人们正常生活的能力。某大学曾对辍学的学生做过一项调查，发现他们中43%的人是网迷。这项研究显示，将过多的时间用于上网的人往往与周围的人和世界脱离。
这些全是因特网对我们的生活所造成的负面影响。在我看来，要么限制使用因特网，要么学会如何处理好因特网所引起的问题，这对我们来说很重要。
课件109张PPT。Section Ⅱ Word power & Grammar and usage速效提能演练语法专题突破 Section Ⅱ重点难点探究重点难点探究1If you want to keep the page available while doing something else，just minimize it.
如果你在做别的事情时想要保留当前的页面，就最小化它。品味经典
①My bicycle is not available，for it is being repaired.
我的自行车现在不能用，因为正在修理。
②I’m sorry，but those overcoats are not available in your colour and size.对不起，这种外套没有你要的颜色和尺码。
③Attention，please.These tickets are available on the day of issue only.
请注意，这种票仅在发售当天有效。
④Is the manager available?
经理在不在？
自我探究
available adj.可利用的；可得到的；有用的；有效的；有空的；可接受探访的。
⑤The reasonable prices make the computers available for the ordinary consumers.
合理的价格使得普通的消费者都可以买得起电脑。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)There are plenty of jobs ________in the western part of the country.
A．present B．available
C．precious D．convenient解析：选B。句意：在这个国家的西部地区，有很多可以找的工作。present目前的；到场的；available可利用的，可得到的；precious宝贵的；convenient方便的。完成句子
(2)他使用了一切可用的方法。
He used ____________________.
(3)票房有票。
____________________at the box office.
all available meansTickets are available2People often have to overcome failures before they can accomplish something great.
人们常常要经历一次次的失败才能取得大的成功。
品味经典
①I accomplished two hours’ work before dinner.
我在吃饭前完成了两小时的工作。
②They failed to accomplish the purpose.他们没有能够达到目的。
③They will accomplish their dream by this means.
他们将用这种办法来实现他们的梦想。
自我探究
accomplish vt.完成；达到；实现。
易混辨析
accomplish，complete，finish
(1)accomplish通常接task，aim，journey，voyage等名词，有时兼有“达成(效果)”之意。
(2)complete比accomplish具体，可接建筑、工程、书籍等名词，指按预期目的把未完成的工作经过进一步的努力使之完成，主要涵义是“补足缺少的部分”。(3)finish可与complete换用，但不及complete正式，常含有认真仔细地完成工作的最后阶段的精工修饰，使之完美的意思。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)How do you plan to ________your life goal?
A．accomplish B．complete
C．finish D．all of the above
解析：选A。A、B、C三项都有“完成”的意思，但只有accomplish有“实现”的意思。句意为“你打算如何实现你的人生目标？”选词填空(accomplishment，accomplish，complete，finish)
(2)你的最大成就是什么？
What is your greatest ______________________？
accomplishment(3)这座楼于本月底建成。
The building will be ____________by the end of this month.
(4)探险队在五周内完成了航程。
The explorers ______________the voyage in five weeks.
completedaccomplished(5)我已读完了这本书。
I have ____________ reading the book.
finished3He was confident in himself，...
他对自己很自信，……
品味经典
①He is quite confident that he will pass the examination.
他确信他会通过考试。②They are confident of success.
他们对成功有信心。
自我探究
confident adj.自信的；确信的，可构成短语be confident of...对……有信心。
归纳拓展
confidence n.信心，自信self-confidence n.自信
self-confident adj.自信的lack confidence
be lacking in confidence
lack of confidence
③She’s a good student but she lacks confidence in herself.
她是个好学生，但缺乏自信心。缺乏自信牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)—Didn’t Jim get ready for the English speech?
—No，he didn’t.During the speech，he was very ________.A．confident B．nervous
C．proud D．excited
解析：选B。nervous“紧张的”，符合语境。
(2)She was confident ________her becoming popular with the students.
A．of B．to
C．for D．in
解析：选A。be confident of...“对……充满信心”，为习惯搭配。
4...if they had abandoned their dreams.
如果他们放弃了他们的梦想……
品味经典
①He abandoned all his hope.
他放弃了他所有的希望。②The cruel man abandoned his child and wife.
这个残酷的人遗弃了他的孩子和妻子。
自我探究
abandon vt.放弃；遗弃，抛弃。
归纳拓展
(1)abandon one’s hope/plan/idea放弃希望/计划/主意
abandon oneself to...沉溺于……，纵情于……
abandon doing sth.放弃做某事(2)with abandon放任地；放纵地；纵情地
(3)abandoned adj.无约束的；无度的；放荡的
③We should keep off those who abandon themselves to drugs.
我们要远离那些吸毒成瘾的人。
④The father is trying his best to prevent his son from abandoning himself to the Internet.
这位父亲正努力阻止他的儿子沉迷于网络。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)The murderers then drove the victim’s red Ford to escape.Police later found the car ________ a few miles away in Boston.A．dismissed B．abandoned
C．applied D．bought
解析：选B。所填词作宾语补足语，与宾语the car之间是被动关系，abandon意为“遗弃”，符合句意。
(2)Human flesh search had to be ________due to lots of bad influences.
A．replaced B．abandoned
C．accused D．equipped
解析：选B。考查动词词义。句意：由于负面影响太多(我们)不得不放弃人肉搜索。abandon放弃，符合句意。
完成句子
(3)She is taking care of the baby ___________________________(被父母遗弃的)．
(4)He _________________________________ (完全陷入绝望之中)．
abandoned by his parentsabandoned himself to despair5John has always been a good friend as well as a good uncle.
约翰不仅是一个好叔叔，也一直是个好朋友。
品味经典
①As well as going to the movies and football matches with my friends，I spend a lot of time with my pets.
除了同我的朋友一起去看影片和足球比赛，我还花很多时间和我的宠物在一起。②He directed as well as acted in the film.
他不但在这部影片里扮演角色而且还导演了这部影片。
自我探究
在句①中，as well as作介词，相当于besides，in addition to，意为“除……之外”，后面通常接名词或动词-ing形式。在句②中，as well as用作连词，连接两个相同的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词等，通常不位于句首。此时as well as强调的重点在前面，不在后面，意为“不但……而且……；既……又；除了……之外，还有……”。翻译时要先译后面，再译前面。【注意】 当主语含有as well as时，谓语动词须和as well as前面的主语在数上保持一致。
③Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance.
海伦和我一样急于要看演出。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)This year，we have to deal with drought，floods，and typhoon，________mudslide happening frequently.A．as far as B．as long as
C．as well as D．as soon as
解析：选C。句意：今年，我们不但要面对时常发生的泥石流，还有干旱、洪水、台风。as far as“就……而言”，as long as“只要”，as well as“也；又；还”，as soon as“一……就”。由题意可知C项正确。
(2)Grey as well as his two companions ________leave ________Paris tomorrow.
A．are to；for B．is to；for
C．is to；to D．are to；to
解析：选B。主语部分有as well as连接时，谓语应根据其前的名词或代词的数来决定单复数。leave for动身去某地。
完成句子
(3)我的父母既种菜也养花。
My parents ________________________________.
(4)他是一个诗人，而且也是一个科学家。
He isgrow flowers as well as vegetables_______________________________.
(5)你和你的妻子都对我很友好。
Your wife ________________you ________________.
a scientist as well as a poetas well asis friendly to me6Before you start surfing the Internet，there are some basic words and terms that are useful for you to know.
在你开始上网之前，有一些基本的单词和术语是对你有用的，你应该知道。品味经典
①Check it carefully before you hand it in.
交上来之前仔细校对一下。
②Before they reached the station，the train had gone.
他们还没到车站，火车已开出了。
自我探究
句中before引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之前”。
归纳拓展
(1)It will be＋时间段＋before从句(从句用一般现在时)要过多久才……(2)It won’t be＋时间段＋before从句(从句用一般现在时)不用过多久就会……
(3)It was＋时间段＋before从句 过了多久才……
(4)It wasn’t＋时间段＋before从句 没过多久就……
③It will be many years before we meet again.
要过许多年之后我们才能再次见面。
④It was ten years before they paid off their debt.
十年之后他们才还清了债务。
【注意】 before引导时间状语从句还有如下意义：
(1)还未……就……；还没来得及……就……
⑤Before I could get in a word，he had measured me.
我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了。(2)趁……；免得……
⑥Please write the words down before you forget them.
趁你还没忘记，请把这些单词写下来。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2010年高考陕西卷)John thinks it won’t be long ________he is ready for his new job.
A．when B．after
C．before D．since解析：选C。考查状语从句。所填词引导状语从句，构成It(will)be＋时间段＋状语从句，意思是：过多久才将……。选C。
(2)You can’t borrow books from the school library ________you get your student card.
A．before B．if
C．while D．as
解析：选A。句意：直到你得到学生借阅卡后才能在学校图书馆借书。before在这里相当于until直到……时候才……。
(3)I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long，but it’ll still be some time ________Brian gets back.
A．before B．since
C．till D．after解析：选A。考查连词。It will be some time before是一个句型，表示“在之前还有一段时间”。
7If you want to stop viewing a page，but you might want to come back to it later，click the minimize icon so_that the name of the page will stay at the bottom of your screen.如果你想停止观看一个网页，但是你可能想过后再回到这个网页上来，请点击最小化图标，这样这个网页名就留在了屏幕下方。
品味经典
①He studies hard so that he can pass examinations.
他刻苦学习，目的是通过考试。
②They died so that others might live.
为了别人得救，他们自己牺牲了。
自我探究
so that引导的是一个目的状语从句。so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中一般有can，could，may，might等情态动词出现。
归纳拓展
(1)so that还能引导结果状语从句，通常用逗号和主句隔开。
(2)so...that...如此……以至于……。
③He spoke louder，so that we all heard him.
他说话的声音更大了，结果我们全听见了。
④Usually，it’s so crowded that I can’t find anywhere to sit.
通常，(地铁上)太拥挤了，我找不到坐的地方。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)Miss Gao asked a question，but it was ________that nobody could answer it.
A．very difficult B．too difficult
C．difficult enough D．so difficult解析：选D。本题考查so...that引导的结果状语从句。当that引导的结果状语从句为肯定句时，so...that...可以与be...enough to do 转换；当从句为否定句时，可以与too...to...或be not...enough to do转换。
(2)We made up our minds to study hard ________we could be admitted into university.
A．in order to B．all that
C．so that D．so as to解析：选C。空格后面接的是句子，排除A、D两项；B项语法错误。so that引导目的状语从句。
8It is wonderful that you are finally interested in the Internet.
你终于对因特网感兴趣了，真是好极了。
品味经典
①It’s possible that some of the professors may not think much of it.
有些教授可能会对它评价不高。
②It doesn’t matter to me whether she is pleased or not.
她满意与否对我而言并不重要。
自我探究
It是形式主语，that引导的从句是这个句子真正的主语。It放在句首，真正的主语放在后面，这是英语的一种常见的结构。
归纳拓展
it作形式主语的常见结构如下：
It’s a pity/a shame/ good news/an honour/a great satisfaction that...
It’s strange/natural/surprising/true/funny/wonderful/likely/possible that...It seems/happened/suddenly struck me that...
It is said/reported/announced/expected/arranged that...
It is doubtful/not decided/not madeclear/to be decided/a question＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句
It doesn’t matter/doesn’t make too much difference＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句
③It is a great satisfaction that she is well again and can go to her office.她身体又好了，可以去上班，真让人欣慰。
④It is said that Isaac will accompany his parents to visit Europe.
据说艾萨克将陪父母去欧洲访问。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2010年高考陕西卷)It never occurred to me ________you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.A．which B．what
C．that D．If
解析：选C。考查固定句型。句意：我从来没有想过你能成功地说服他改变主意。It occurred to me that...意为“某人突然想到……”，其中that引导主语从句，it为形式主语，指代that从句的具体内容。
完成句子
(2)雪人是否存在仍然是个未解之谜。
____________________whether the Yeti exists or not.
(3)很可能他今天早上没有赶上火车。
________________he missed the train this morning.
It is still a mysteryIt’s likely that(4)在哪开会还没决定。
______________________where the meeting is to be held.
It has not been decided语法专题突破品味语法
1．She doesn’t know my mother.
她不认识我妈妈。
2．Did he get up early this morning?
今天早上他起床早吗？
3．I have been to the Great Wall three times.
我已去过长城三次了。4．I will take exercise this evening.
今天晚上我要锻炼身体。
5．My bike was broken.
我的自行车坏了。自我探究
助动词无实际意义，只是帮助实义动词构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气或构成疑问句及否定句。助动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。
讲解归纳
助动词(Ⅰ)
动词根据其含义和句子功能可分为实义动词(Notional Verbs)和助动词(Auxiliary Verbs)。实义动词意义完整，能够独立作谓语，而助动词本身无词汇意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。试比较：
The boy does his homework every day.那个男孩每天都做家庭作业。(does为实义动词，作谓语，是do的第三人称单数一般现在时形式)The boy doesn’t do his homework on Saturday evenings.那个男孩星期六晚上不做家庭作业。(does为助动词，不能独立作谓语，doesn’t与实义动词do一起构成第三人称单数一般现在时的否定形式)
助动词常与实义动词一起用来构成各种时态、语态、语气、否定和疑问结构以表达说话人的各种情态。助动词可分为时态助动词、do助动词和情态助动词三种。情态助动词又称作情态动词，本章里将作详细论述。
1．时态助动词
时态助动词有be，have，will/would，shall/should，可以用来构成各种时态、语态和语气。
We will go to Africa first.我们将先去非洲。They have found that the sun often causes footprints in the snow to become larger.
他们发现，日晒常常会导致雪地上的脚印变大。
The guests would be arriving soon and Claire told Tony to go into another room.
客人们很快就要到了，克莱尔告诉托尼去另一个房间。
The modern Olympic Games were held in 1896，in Athens.现代奥运会于1896年首次在雅典举行。
We would have won if Jack had scored that goal.
如果杰克踢进了那个球，我们就会得冠。
2．do助动词
do可帮助构成疑问句和否定句，还可表示强调或代替前面动词以避免重复。
Do you find homework tiring and boring?
你觉得家庭作业枯燥乏味吗？
We don’t have the same work hours that office workers in the city have.
我们的工作时间和城市里的办公室职员不一样。
Oh，do buy a flower.
哦，买一枝花吧。As you can see，I did escape.
如你所见，我的确得救了。
Walking and riding your bike count，and so do school sports.
步行和骑自行车算，校内的体育活动也算。We’ll be living in houses and flats just as we do today.
我们将同今天一样生活在房子或公寓里。
When I did finally go to a theme park，I found that it was very different.当我最终去了一家主题公园时，我发现它(与其他公园)有很大的不同。
Our evidence suggests they did indeed wear clothes made from animal skins.
我们有证据表明，他们的确穿的是用兽皮制作的衣服。
(Ⅱ)
1．have(got)to和must
must表示说话人的主观愿望，而have(got)to则表示客观需要，意思是“不得不”，“只好”。试比较以下几句：You must decide what approach you want to use.
你必须决定要采用什么样的方法。
In addition，you need to know how long you should stay，and when you have to leave.另外，你要知道应该待多久，何时得离开。
You will tell your friend that you’ve got to go to class.
你要告诉你的朋友你得上课。2．used to和will，would表示习惯
will表示现在的习惯，would和used to均表示过去的习惯，但would比used to正式，used to 表示过去常常……，而现在已不再……，而would则没有这层含义。试比较以下几句：
Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.
警察逮捕罪犯时，会向罪犯射网而不是开枪。
Now and then Dahu would stop，look at it and try it against his hand before continuing his task.大胡时不时地停下来看看，在手上试一试，然后再继续工作。
I used to go to the gym three times a week，but I don’t work out any more.
我曾经一周去健身房三次，但我现在不去锻炼了。I’m 19 years old and I used to be a drug addict.
我现在19岁，过去吸毒成瘾。
3．would rather和had better
had better 为固定词组，不是过去式，而指现在或将来，意为“最好”，表示劝告或警告，其后接动词原形。
You had better play one kind of music if you want to become famous.
如果你想出名，最好演奏一种音乐。
would rather意为“宁愿”，“宁可”，表示选择，其后也接动词原形，常与than搭配。
Pip’s sister seldom has a kind word to say，but Joe is a kind and simple man，who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.
皮普的姐姐几乎没有什么善言好语，但乔却是一个善良淳朴的人，他宁愿死也不愿看到皮普受到任何伤害。I’d rather have something with chocolate.
我宁愿吃含巧克力的。
课件149张PPT。Section Ⅲ Task & Project速效提能演练重点难点探究 Section Ⅲ写作专题突破重点难点探究
1The links that you get are not classified by subject.
你获得的链接并没有根据主题分类。品味经典
①In the study families are classified according to their incomes.这项研究根据收入对家庭进行分类。
②Whales are classified as mammals rather than fish.
鲸被划分为哺乳动物而不是鱼类。
自我探究
classify vt.将……分类；将……分级，可构成短语classify...as...把……归类为……。
归纳拓展
单项填空
This accident is ________as major ones of this year.
A．divided B．classified
C．separated D．belonged
解析：选B。be classified as“被归类为……”；be divided into“被分为……”；belong to“属于”，常用主动形式。
2This requires you to be patient as you have to read the information to decide whether it is linked to what you are researching.
这就需要你耐心，因为你得阅读这些信息，然后判断它们是否与你做的研究有关。品味经典
①All you need is a computer which is linked to the Internet.
你所需要的是一台与互联网相连接的电脑。
自我探究
be linked to与……连接的；与……有关联的；与……有联系的。
②We must link up theory with practice.
我们必须把理论和实践联系起来。
③The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.
新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)If you ________the pieces of information，you will be clearer about what has really happened.
A．link up B．link to
C．link with D．link in解析：选A。link up为固定搭配，意思是“联系，会合，结合”。句意为“如果把这些信息结合起来，你就会更清楚究竟发生了什么事”。
完成句子
(2)那两家因子女结婚而联系在一起。
The two families ________________through the marriage of a daughter and a son.linked up(3)那家新公司与几家较老的公司联合以保护自己。
The new company ________________several older ones in self-protection.
linked with(4)心脏病和吸烟有关。
There is a ________________smoking and heart disease.
(5)这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。
The two towns ________________by a railway.
link betweenare linked(6)英吉利海峡隧道把英国和欧洲其他国家联系起来了。
The Channel Tunnel ________Britain ________other European countries.
linkswith3The results of your search are divided into specific subject categories.
你搜索的结果会被分成特定的主题范围。
品味经典
①Una gave us very specific instructions.
尤娜给了我们非常明确的指示。
②The money was collected for a specific purpose.
这笔钱是为一个特殊用途而收的。
自我探究
specific adj.具体的，明确的；特定的；独特的。
易混辨析
special，particular，peculiar，specific
(1)special“特别(不普通)”，着重指事物的专门性，突出与一般的不同。(2)particular“尤其，值得注意”，指一类人或事物中特定的、特殊的、独一无二的。
(3)peculiar“奇特的”，指稀奇古怪，与正常的情况、表现相比而使人感到奇怪罕见。
(4)specific“明确的”，着重指某种、某类事物具有的特殊或特定的属性，也可指专门提出作特别考虑的事物。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)—I don’t want to say something more about it.
—But I want a ________answer.
A．specific B．strange
C．fixed D．similar
解析：选A。句意：——对这件事我不想多说了。——但是我想要一个明确的回答。这里考查specific“明确的”，指专门提出作特别考虑的事物。strange“奇怪的”，fixed“固定的”和similar“相似的”，都不符合题意。
(2)My brother likes eating very much but he isn’t very ________about the food he eats.
A．special B．peculiar
C．particular D．unusual解析：选C。句意：我弟弟好吃，但是他对吃的东西不挑剔。这里考查的是be particular about意为“对……讲究，挑剔”。如：She is very particular about what she wears.她对她的穿着很讲究。
4Instead，you get a bunch of titles of articles or pages and，sometimes，a short summary of the information they contain.
相反，你看到的只是很多文章的标题或页面的标题，有时候是它们所含信息的概要。
品味经典
①He gave me a bunch of flowers as my birthday gift.
他送给我一束花作为生日礼物。
②I have a whole bunch of stuff to do today.
今天我有一大堆活儿要干。
自我探究
a bunch of意为“一串(束)……，大量/大批……”。
【注意】 “a bunch of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)A ________of boys and girls were holding a party and they all enjoyed themselves very much.
A．bunch B．little
C．crowd D．A and C解析：选D。a bunch of在此修饰boys and girls，表示“大量，大批”，相当于a crowd of。a little of只能够修饰不可数名词。
完成句子
(2)She ____________________________(给我采了一束鲜花)．
(3)The doctor asked me ________________________(一连串问题)．
picked me a bunch of flowersa bunch of questions5Most often，the information in subject directories has been evaluated，and someone has decided that the information is relevant and correct.
大多数情况下，主题目录里的信息是经过评估的，有人已经判定这些信息是相关的和正确的。
品味经典
①The work of this kind is not relevant to sex.
这种工作与性别无关。
②These facts are relevant to the case.
这些事实与此案件有关。
自我探究
relevant adj.有关的；切题的，可构成短语be relevant to“与……有关”，相当于have something to do with。
归纳拓展
③What you say is irrelevant to the matter in hand.
你所说的与目前这件事无关。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)All the ________evidence we collected about the killing was quite useful at court.
A．reliable B．obvious
C．relevant D．reasonable
解析：选C。句意为：我们搜集到的与这次凶杀案有关的证据对法庭非常有用。reliable可靠的；obvious明显的；relevant相关的；reasonable合情合理的。
完成句子
(2)His nationality ________________(不相关)whether he is a good lawyer.
(3)Do you have ____________________(相关的经历)?
is irrelevant torelevant experiences6There are several things to take into consideration when you are searching.
当你在搜索信息时，有好几件事要考虑。
品味经典
①The teacher said he would take into consideration the requests of the students.
老师说学生的要求他会予以考虑的。②I always take fuel consumption into consideration when buying a car.
我买汽车时总要把燃油消耗量考虑在内。
③Your teachers will take your illness into consideration when marking your exams.你的几位老师在给你判分时会考虑你生病这一情况的。
自我探究
take...into consideration考虑到，把……考虑在内。
④The proposals are under consideration now.
那些提案目前正在审议中。
⑤Reporters stayed away out of consideration for the family.
记者们出于对家庭的考虑而置身事外。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)We should ________location into consideration when buying a new house.
A．make B．consider
C．regard D．take解析：选D。句意为：买新房子时我们应该考虑房子的位置。take...into consideration“考虑到……”，是固定搭配。
(2)________everything into consideration，the result is better than ________.
A．Taking；expecting
B．Taken；expected
C．To take；expected
D．Taking；expected解析：选D。taking...into consideration为固定用法，than expected比预料的更……。
完成句子
(3)时间因素是我们必须首先考虑的。
Time factor is what we must first ________________________.
(4)出于对健康的考虑，我决定每天做一些运动。take into consideration____________________my health，I decided to do some exercise every day.
7If you are not sure about the information you find，consult other web pages to confirm it.
如果你对找到的信息感到不确定，查阅其他网页来确认它。
In consideration of品味经典
①Can you confirm that the meeting is at 9∶00 a．m.?
你能否确认一下，开会的时间是早上9点吗？
②After posting the money，please confirm the amount by telephoning.寄了钱之后，再打电话确认一下数目。
③After a six-month period of probation，she was confirmed in her post.
经过六个月的试用期之后，她获准正式任该职。
自我探究
confirm vt.确认，确定，证实。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)The evidence ________me in my opinion that they are lying.
A．confuses B．confirms
C．controls D．confesses
解析：选B。句意：证据使我确定他们在说谎。confuse使困惑，把……弄糊涂；confirm使坚定；证实；确认；control控制；confess坦白，供认，承认。根据句意应该选B项。
(2)Evidence obtained from observation and experiment is often used to ________a scientific theory.
A．confirm B．conclude
C．consult D．confuse
解析：选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：观察和实验中得到的证据通常被用来证实科学理论。confirm确定，批准，证实；conclude推断，作结论；consult向……请教，查阅；商议；confuse搞乱；使糊涂。
8When you are finished，you should always acknowledge where you got your data by attaching a list of the websites you got your information from.
当你写完报告时，你总是应该附上你获取信息的网站列表，表明你所获资料的来源。
品味经典
①The film festival is acknowledged as an event of international importance.
这个电影节在国际上被认为是一个很重要的节日。
②We wish to acknowledge the support of the university with sincerity.我们谨对这所大学所提供的支持表示真诚的感谢。
自我探究
acknowledge vt.承认；确认；答谢。
归纳拓展③The leader of the factory had to acknowledge releasing chemical waste into the river.
工厂领导不得不承认往河里排放了化学废水。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)The company is badly operated but the boss doesn’t ________ that he is an incapable leader.
A．acknowledge B．admire
C．regret D．recommend
解析：选A。句意：这家公司经营不善，但是老板不承认自己是个无能的领导。acknowledge承认；admire羡慕；regret后悔；recommend建议。(2)His long service with the company was ________with a present.
A．admitted B．acknowledged
C．attributed D．accepted
解析：选B。句中用acknowledge表示“感谢，答谢”之意。
完成句子
(3)他拒绝承认失败。
He refused __________________________.
(4)朗朗被认为是我国最优秀的年轻钢琴家。to acknowledge failure/defeatLanglang ___________________________________________________the best young pianist in our country.
is acknowledged/considered
/recognized to be句型转换
(5)They all acknowledged that he was innocent.
__________________________________________________________________that he was innocent.
It was generally/universally
acknowledged9 The more you know about Internet research，the faster you will find what you are looking for，and the better informed you will be.你对因特网研究懂得越多，你就会更快地找到你在寻找的东西，你就会更好地掌握。
品味经典
①The more tickets you sell，the more money you will get.
你卖的票越多，挣的钱就越多。
②The longer you stay in Hefei，the more you’ll like it.你在合肥待的时间越长，你就会越喜欢它。
③The sooner，the better.越早越好。
④The earlier you arrive，the better position you’ll get.
你来得越早，你得到的位置就越好。
自我探究
“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”为固定句式，表示“越……，越……”。前一部分为条件句，后一部分为主句。有时句子采用省略结构。
牛刀小试
单项填空
________you look at the painting，________you’ll like it.
A．The long；the much
B．The longer；the moreC．The more long；the more
D．The more long；the much
解析：选B。考查the＋比较级，the＋比较级结构。句意：你看这幅画的时间越长，你就会越喜欢它。本题考查“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，故选B。
10Before you sit down at a computer terminal，read this brief guide to make sure that you use the Internet in the best way possible.
在你坐在计算机终端之前，阅读这一简要指南，以确保你尽可能以最好的方式使用因特网。品味经典
①To make sure that he was at home，I called him up in advance.
为了确定他在家，我事先给他打了电话。②Then they are working hard to make sure they never lose it.
然后他们继续努力，确保不再失去它。
自我探究
make sure 确保，后常跟that引导的宾语从句，也可构成make sure of查明；设法确保。
归纳拓展③I called Lily to make sure of her address.
我给Lily打了个电话来确认她的地址。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)Sydney promised her that he would always do anything he could for her to ________of her happiness.
A．making sure B．be sure
C．being sure D．make sure
解析：选D。句意：西德尼答应她，为了确保她的幸福，他愿意做任何事情。这里考查make sure of“查明；设法确保，确定”。翻译句子
(2)我确信把煤气关了。
__________________________________________________________________
I made sure(that) I had turned off the gas(3)你必须把时间、地点弄清楚。
__________________________________________________________________
You must make sure of the time
and place.译文助读
Researching on the Internet
The Internet is the fastest growing source of information in the world today.There are，however，some things to keep in mind when you use it to do research. Before you sit down at a computer terminal，read this brief guide to make sure that you use the Internet in the best way possible.
Step one：choosing a search service
Let’s start by looking at the two services you can choose between to assist you in your search：search engines and subject directories.Both give you direct links，but the information is chosen and organized in
different ways.
Search engines
Search engines are a type of computer program.The links that you get are not classified by subject. These engines search the Internet for you based on the key words you type in，and choose web pages for you which contain the words you ask for.The contents they search have not been evaluated. This means that the information has never been checked－it could be reliable，true information or false information written by a person without qualifications or someone who does not have solid facts.
The links you obtain from the search engine go to full articles or pages.This requires you to be patient as you have to read the information to decide whether it is linked to what you are researching . Examples of famous search engines are Google，Yahoo and Baidu.You can also go to the www.thesearchenginelist.com website and check their list of search engines.
Subject directories
Subject directories are built by humans.Someone has combed through pages and links and selected all those that are in the directory.The results of your search are divided into specific subject categories. You do not get the full pages to read.Instead，you get a bunch of titles of articles or pages and，sometimes，a short summary of the information they contain.You need to decide whether the information is useful to you on that basis. Most often，the information in subject directories has been evaluated，and someone has decided that the information is relevant and correct.Being relevant and correct，though，does not equal being up to date.
Step two：searching for information
There are several things to take into consideration when you are searching.
Information gets old.Just as you might look at when a book was published，you must also check the dates of the websites you find. Many websites will say，at the bottom of the page，the date when they were last updated.Do not use information that is too old. People put information on the Internet. Usually，people try to put correct information on the Internet，but not every person bothers to read over their own writing and make corrections.As a general rule，check the source of the information you find. Personal web pages are not recommended for doing research.Government pages or pages managed by organizations and companies you trust are much better. If you are not sure about theinformation you find，consult other web pages to confirm it.
The way you type your key words makes a difference.If you use the plus symbol ‘＋’，it means the same as the word ‘and’．You can search for ‘bird＋sparrow’ and the results of your
search will only be pages that have both the words ‘bird’ and ‘sparrow’ in them.A minus symbol ‘－’means the same as ‘not’，so if you want to learn about birds but you do not want any information about sparrows，you could type ‘bird－sparrow’．
Then your results will be all the pages that have the word ‘bird’，but not ones that have the word ‘sparrow’．If you type ‘bird OR sparrow’，then your results will be web pages that have information about birds or sparrows.
Step three：using your information
Remember that someone wrote the information you have found.This means those words belong to them.To copy the words just as you found them is not only cheating，but also illegal. Write an outline of the information you have found.Then write your report，using your own words and making your own decisions about what it means. When you are finished，you should always acknowledge where you got your data by attaching a list of the websites you got your information from.This way，a teacher can check them，and an interested friend can also read what you read.
Follow these tips，and your time spent doing research on the Internet will be much more worthwhile.Happy searching!
因特网上做研究
因特网是当今世界发展速度最快的信息来源。但是，当你使用因特网做研究时，有些事项是要谨记的。在你坐在计算机终端之前，阅读这一简要指南，以确保你尽可能以最好的方式使用因特网。
步骤一：选择一种搜索服务
让我们先看看能帮助你搜索的两种可选的搜索服务：搜索引擎和主题目录。这两者都能给你直接的链接，但是两者对信息的选择和组织方式不一样。
搜索引擎
搜索引擎是一种电脑程序。你获得的链接并没有根据主题分类。搜索引擎根据你输入的关键词在网络上为你进行搜索，并选择包含你所寻找的词语的页面。它们搜索的内容并没有经过评估。这意味着(搜索到的)信息从未被核实过——它可能是可靠和真实的信息，也可能是由没有资历的人或没有掌握确凿事实根据的人撰写的虚假信息。你从搜索引擎获得的链接指向完整的文章和页面。
这就需要你耐心，因为你得阅读这些信息，然后判断它们是否与你做的研究有关。有名的搜索引擎的例子有Google、Yahoo和Baidu。你也可以进入www.thesearchenginelist.com网站查看所提供的搜索引擎列表。
主题目录
主题目录是由人建立的。有人已将页面和链接整个搜索了一遍，选出了所有那些列在目录中的内容。你搜索的结果会被分成特定的主题范围。你阅读的并非完整的页面。
相反，你看到的只是很多文章的标题或页面的标题，有时候是它们所含信息的概要。在此基础上，你得判定这些信息对你是否有用。大多数情况下，主题目录里的信息是经过评估的，有人已经判定这些信息是相关的和正确的，不过，相关的和正确的信息并
不等同于最新的信息。
步骤二：搜索信息
当你在搜索信息时，有好几件事要考虑：
信息会过时。正如你可能会留意书的出版时间一样，你也必须检查你所找到的网站的日期。很多网站会在页面的底部标明他们上次更新的日期。不要使用过于陈旧的信息。
是人将信息放在因特网上的。通常，人们试图把正确的信息放在因特网上，但并不是每个人都会费心校对他们所写的东西并做修改。作为一项常规的做法，核查你所找到的信息的来源。不建议将个人网页作研究之用。政府网页或你信得过的机构和公司的网页要好得多。如果你对找到的信息感到不确定，查阅其他网页来确认它。
输入关键词的方式很重要。如果你使用符号“＋”，它的意思就与“和”一样。你可以键入“鸟＋麻雀”，你搜索的结果就是所有含有“鸟”和“麻雀”的页面。符号“－”的意思是“不是”。所以，假如你想了解鸟类但不需要任何麻雀的信息，就键入“鸟－麻雀”，那么所有显示出来的页面就会都含有“鸟”，但不包括“麻雀”。如果键入“鸟OR麻雀”，那么显示的网页既可能是关于“鸟”的，也可能是关于“麻雀”的。
步骤三：使用你的信息
记住，你所找到的信息是别人写的。这就意味着，这些信息是属于他们的。原样照抄这些信息不仅是欺骗行为而且违法。写出你所找到的信息的梗概。然后写你的报告，用自己的语言来表达，要自己拿准意思。当你写完报告时，你总是应该附上你获取信息的网站列表以表明你所获资料的来源。这样便于老师检查，也让有兴趣的朋友阅读你所阅读过的信息。
遵循以上这些建议，你在因特网上做研究所花的时间将会给你带来更多的回报。祝你搜索愉快！
写作专题突破【写作要求】
现在有一种谬论说“考上大学也不好找或找不到工作，还不如不上大学”。以下是某网站对高中学生“为什么上大学？”进行的问卷调查情况，请你结合图表中所提供的信息，写一篇短文，谈谈你的看法。注意：1.不需要面面俱到，更不要逐条翻译，注意发表自己的观点；
2．词数：120左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数；
3．参考词汇：问卷调查—questionnaire survey。Recently，a website organized a questionnaire survery about why people go to university.________________________________________________________________________
【要点词汇】
1．五分之一________________
2．找一份好工作___________________
3．实现自我发展
___________________________one-fifthland/find a good jobrealizeself-development 4．占……比例/百分比_____________________
5．责任感
_________________________________
make up/account forthe sense of responsibility【句式结构】
1．大约五分之一的学生说他们想去上大学以确保找一份好工作，而同等数量的学生则认为他们想挣钱和买到大房子。About ____________ of the students say they want to go to university ________________ that they can land a good job，____________ an equal number of them think that in this way they can make more money and get a big house.whileone-fifthto make sure2．只有5%的学生的目的是实现自我发展。
Only five percent of the students are ___________________________ their self-development.
for the purpose of realizing3．不管我们是谁，我们必须像比例数为10%的学生那样去做，对我们的国家和社会要有责任感。
_________________we are，we must do as the students who
_____________10% do，
No matter whoaccount for_________________________________to our country and society.
【连句成篇】
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
showing the sense of responsibility【佳作欣赏】
Recently，a website organized a questionnaire survey about why people go to university.As can be clearly seen from the pie chart，different students have different ideas. About one-fifth of the students say they want to go to university to make sure that they can land a good job，
while an equal number of them think that in this way they can make more money and get a big house. Fifteen percent responds that they want to do so to help their parents and relatives live a happy life，and only five percent of the students are for the purpose of realizing their self-development.
Naturally some students have other opinions，making up 30%.But I agree with those students who go to university in order to improve themselves and those who want to find a good job. Finally，no matter who we are，we must do as the students who account for 10% do，showing the sense of responsibility to our country and society.
【类文点津】
一、常见图表作文的写作思路
图表作文至少包含描述图表与解释原因两个部分，其写作规律性很强，有一定的模式可循。1．首段的写作
图表作文有表格(table)、条形图(bar chart)、饼状图(pie chart)和曲线图(diagram)之分，后三种都属于图表(chart)的范畴。不管是chart还是table，都需要进行描述，一般放在文章的第一部分，长度宜适中。描述数据时，我们首先要看看几个数据之间的联系，如：
From the chart we can see clearly that...while...
这里用while引导从句来突显对比，是一种非常好的办法。如果用两句话来描述，也完全可以。
2．第二段的写作
第二段是解释原因的段落。首先是过渡句，其次就是此段的主题句(topic sentence)。主观或客观并无特殊要求，只要上下文风格统一即可。
主观：We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.I believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.
In my mind，the reasons why...are as follows.
主观之变体(使用插入语，突出主语)：Three reasons，we believe can account for this phenomenon.Three reasons，I believe，can account for this phenomenon.
Three reasons，I firmly believe，can account for this phenomenon.
【注意】 插入语的使用属于一种看似平淡却极富功力的表达技巧，可以达到很好的效果。
主观之变体(使用插入语)：Three reasons，in my mind，can account for this phenomenon.客观：Several reasons can account for this phenomenon.
3．第三段的写作
第三段直接写结论的情况已基本没有了。如果这篇文章讲的是一个令人担忧的问题，那么这一段写解决办法；
如果这篇文章讲的是一个好的变化，那么这一段可写负面的影响或存在的问题，或者写未来的发展方向。
二、图表作文的写作注意事项
1．仔细审题，看清楚图表中各种数据或者提示要点之间的内在关系，弄清楚命题人想要通过图表反映什么样的信息、问题或现象。
2．在掌握了全部信息之后，再审要点，审时态，分析这些数据或信息，通过分析对比，找出相似点或不同点。
课件13张PPT。Unit 3 The world online 教材背景链接Getting information off the Internet is like taking a drink from a fire hydrant.
—Mitchell Kapor从因特网获取信息犹如从消防栓饮水。
——米切尔·卡普尔(Lotus公司创使人)
The Internet is so big，so powerful and pointless that for some people it is a complete substitute for life.
—Andrew Brown因特网如此强大，如此不得要领，以致于对一些人来说，它已经完全成为生活的替代品。
——安德鲁·布朗
How to avoid hacking
Hacking has become a big problem with regard to Internet security，one that even affects the government and other high security computer networks. It may not be possible to completely remove all hacking risks，but there are steps that you can take to improve your Internet security，and minimize the risk of a hacking attack being successful.
One tip is to watch out for what you read online.There are many websites or advertisements that promise you money or other benefits that sound too good to be true.Many times these websites will have viruses or other harmful software programs that installthemselves on your system and make it vulnerable to hacking.
Do not open any attachments in your e-mail if you do not recognize the sender. Some viruses and hacking attempts use e-mail to get around your Internet security measures. A hacker may provide any type of harmful software as an attachment and then mass mail it to a large number of people.It is a good idea to use an anti-virus software program to scan attachments even from someone you know，just in case a file is infected unconsciously(不知不觉地)．
Having a high quality anti-virus program is also essential to ensure that there is no virus in your system that would weaken your Internet security.
Be sure to download and install any security updates for your system as soon as they become available. Not installing all of the recommended updates is the same as leaving your PC open for the hackers to walk into.
All of these steps will help you protect your computer against any hacking attempts，and will also strengthen your Internet security.
Use common sense and follow these simple tips，and you will greatly reduce the risk of becoming a hacking victim.
Find the right words in the passage that match the following explanations.1．____________v．to reduce
something that is difficult，dangerous，or unpleasant to the smallest possible amount or degree(in Para.1)
2．____________ adj. exposed to danger or attack；unprotected (in Para.2)minimizevulnerable3．____________ n．a document or file that is sent with an e-mail message(in Para.3)
4．____________adj. extremely important and necessary (in Para.4)
essentialattachment课件166张PPT。Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading速效提能演练预习多维感知 Section Ⅰ重点难点探究预习多维感知?Step One：Fast Reading
Read the text and choose the best answers.
1．The first railway tunnel under the
River Thames in London was built in
________.
A．1863 B．1868
C．1884 D．1933C2．In its history，the London
Underground has served as many things
EXCEPT ________.
A．an airplane factory
B．a battlefield
C．a meeting room
D．a bomb shelterB3．The author wants the readers to
believe that ________.
A．the underground system is out of date now a days
B．the London underground system is still considered to be important nowadaysBC．the way to dig tunnels are developed quickly
D．the underground system have some unusual uses4．The author wrote the passage in
order to encourage people ________.
A．to donate to the underground system
B．to enjoy a trip on the underground systemBC．to write an article about the underground system
D．to remember the oldest
underground system in the world?Step Two：Listening
Listen to the tape and answer the following questions.
1．What fame does the London Underground have?
_________________________________
_________________________________
_____________________It has the distinction of being the
oldest and most complex underground
system in the world.2．Why did most trains into London only go to the distant boundary of the city？And what’s the result?
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
________Because building railway tracks into
the city would have damaged many old
buildings.Thus many buses were
needed to transport people to the city
center.3．What accelerated the pace of the London Underground’s development?
_________________________________These new ways of digging.4．“Having seen the situation...(the first sentence of the fourth paragraph)” What does “the situation”refer to?
_________________________________
_________________________________Each line was separately owned and
many were very far from each other.?Step Three：Careful Reading
Read the text and fill in the blanks.
approvedfirstsouthdugelectric1933stations1979?Step Four：Summary
The London underground has the
1.____________ of being the oldest and
most complex underground system in
the world.Before the first
2.____________ were opened in 1863，the traffic jams of London were
3.____________. distinctiontunnelunbelievable Sixteen years later，in 1884，the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway 4.____________ up and provided underground service in the 5.____________ of the city. linkedmiddleWith better ways of digging tunnels developed，six 6.____________deep underground lines were constructed over the next twenty-five years. Then a wealthy American businessman，
independentCharles Yerkes 7.____________ many different lines and set up the Underground Electric Railways Company of London.Between 1918 and 1938，many new 8.____________ were constructed.obtainedstationsDuring world WarⅡ，the underground system had some 9.____________uses.After the war，the system was 10.____________ and more lines were added because more people travelled on the underground.unusualenlargedThe London underground system is working to transport huge numbers of people as it has done for many years.Buy one of the travel cards and you can take a trip on all over the underground system.?Step Five：Discussion
Which kind of transportation do you like best？Why?
_________________________________
_________________________________I like riding on my bike，
because it is good for health.重点难点探究1They pick up and drop off people at different stops on the route.
在这条路线上，他们搭载乘客并把他们送到不同的停车点。品味经典
①Can you drop the kids off at school this morning?
你今天早晨能顺道把孩子们送到学校吗？
②Is it OK if I drop the papers off to you later?
我晚点把文件交给你行吗？自我探究
drop off让某人下车；中途顺便将某物送交某处；减少。归纳拓展
drop back 退后，后撤
drop behind 落伍，落在……之后
drop in/by(on sb.) 顺便走访(某人)
drop out 退出；隐退；辍学③Economic growth will drop back to 8% this year.
经济增长率今年将下降到8%。
④Why not drop by for coffee sometime?
干嘛不找个时间到我家喝杯咖啡？牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)自从辅助道路通车后，这条路上来往车辆已经减少了。
Traffic ____________________ since the bypass opened.has dropped off(2)贾森已经退到了最后。
Jason ____________________ into last place.
(3)有太多大学生仅在学校呆了一年就退学了。
Too many students ___________college after only one year.has dropped behinddrop out of2Horse-drawn buses，trams，cabs and carriages were used to convey people to and around the city centre.
马拉车、有轨电车、计程车和非机动车被用来将人们送往市中心及其周围一带。品味经典
①Words can’t convey how delighted I am!
话语表达不出我是多么的高兴！
②Would you please convey my good wishes to your mother?
请向你母亲传达我的祝愿，好吗？③Pipes convey hot water from the boiler to the radiators.管道把热水从锅炉输送到暖气片。
④Your luggage will be conveyed to the hotel by taxi.
出租车会将你的行李送到酒店。自我探究
convey vt.运载；运送；表达；传达；转让(财产)。归纳拓展
convey one’s feelings 表达感情
convey news/information to sb. 把消息/信息传给某人
convey meanings 传达意思
convey sb.sth./convey sth.to sb. 向某人传达某物牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)I like reading poems，because poems can ________ certain emotions.
A．carry B．convey
C．send D．explain解析：选B。句意：我喜欢读诗歌，因为诗歌能传达某些情感。convey传达，表达，符合句意。(2)It is difficult for non-native speakers to ________ their ideas freely in English.
A．carry B．transport
C．convey D．deliver解析：选C。考查动词辨析。句意：对于英语不是母语的人来说，用英语自由地表达自己的想法有些困难。convey可表示“表达(想法、感情等)”，符合句意。carry搬，携带，传送；transport(用交通工具)运送，运输；deliver递送。3Unfortunately，the number of vehicles on the road caused unbelievable traffic jams，...
不幸的是，马路上车辆的数量造成了难以置信的交通拥堵，……品味经典
①Unfortunately，we arrived too late to catch the plane.
不幸的是，我们到得太晚，没赶上飞机。②Unfortunately，it rained heavily on Sunday，and I had to stay at home.
不幸的是，周日下大雨，我只好待在家里。
自我探究
unfortunately adv.不幸地，遗憾地。
归纳拓展
unfortunate adj.不幸的，倒霉的；令人遗憾的，可惜的
fortunate 幸运的
fortunately adv.幸运地，侥幸地fortune n.运气，命运，好运
make a fortune发财
try one’s fortune碰运气
come into a fortune继承一笔财产
be fortunate in...在……方面很幸运，为有……而幸运③We are fortunate in having you as our teacher.
由你当我们的老师，我们很幸运。
④He is unfortunate who cannot bear misfortune.
不能承受不幸的人是不幸的。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)All we need to say is that ________ we didn’t listen to him.
A．possibly B．likely
C．fortunately D．similarly解析：选C。句意：我们需要说的是幸亏我们没有听他的。possibly可能的；likely可能的；fortunately幸运地；similarly相似地。(2)It was ________ of him to survive the horrible earthquake.
A．lucky B．unfortunate
C．reliable D．surprised解析：选A。句意：他很幸运能在大地震中幸免于难。lucky幸运的；unfortunate不幸的；reliable可靠的；surprised吃惊的。4This traffic problem led to the development of the underground system.
这一交通问题导致了地铁系统的研发。品味经典
①In given conditions，a bad thing can lead to good results.
在一定条件下，一件坏事可以促成好的结果。②An ordinary cold can soon lead to a fever.
一场普通的感冒很快便会引起发烧。
③All roads lead to Rome.
条条道路通罗马。自我探究
lead to意为“引起，导致”，其中to是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。此外，lead to还可表示“通向”。归纳拓展
带有介词to的常见短语：
stick to 坚持
lead to 导致
look forward to 盼望
object to 反对get down to 开始着手做……
pay attention to 注意
turn to 转向，求助于
refer to 谈到；涉及；参阅
devote...to... 把……奉献给……
contribute to 为……捐助/撰稿牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)The discovery of the stolen car led to________.
A．the thief having caught
B．the thief catchingC．the thief being caught
D．the thief to be caught
解析：选C。lead to中的to是介词，后接动名词的复合结构作宾语。另外，the thief和catch是动宾关系，应该用被动语态，因此C项正确。(2)Our English teacher always says that hard work ________ success while failure lies in laziness.
A．refers to B．leads to
C．turns to D．attends to解析：选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们英语老师常说，成于勤奋，败于懒惰。refer to提到；lead to导致；turn to求助于；attend to处理。5However，new trains had to be developed and the plan required raising a large amount of money，so the digging was postponed until 1860.
但是，新式列车得加以研发，这个计划需要筹集大量的资金，所以地下隧道的挖凿被推迟到1860年。品味经典
①We agree to postpone the shipping date，considering(that) there is no steamer recently.
由于(考虑到)最近无船，我们同意推迟装期。②They postponed making a decision and we just had to wait.
他们推迟作出决定，那我们就只能等了。
③I got everything ready yesterday，but only to learn that the summer camp was postponed.
昨天我做好了一切准备，却没想到夏令营延期了。自我探究
postpone vt.推迟，延迟；使延迟，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。易混辨析
delay，postpone，put off
(1)delay强调因某种困难或障碍而延误，动作主体是困难本身，延迟的时间不确定，也可能是无限延迟。
(2)postpone动作主体是人，表示有意识地推迟、延迟时间。(3)put off强调拖延时间。
(4)delay常指由于客观原因或者意外原因而不得不延迟，而put off常指主观上有意拖延。④My father fell ill all of a sudden，which delayed our trip.
我父亲突然病倒了，延迟了我们的旅行。
⑤The meeting has been put off until next week.
此次会议被推迟到下星期。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)It was an unpopular decision to ________ the new hospital.
A．postpone to build
B．postpone buildingC．put off to build
D．decide building
解析：选B。句意：延迟兴建新医院的决定是不得人心的。postpone doing sth./put off doing sth.“延迟做某事”；decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，显然B项正确。完成句子
(2)由于大雾，他们的飞机延期了。
Due to the thick fog，their flight
________________.was postponed(3)他们把婚期从八月推迟到十月。
They ___________ their wedding date
________ August ________ October.postponedfromtill/to6 Having seen the situation，a wealthy American businessman，Charles Yerkes，undertook improving the system in 1902 by obtaining ownership of the many different lines and settingup the Underground Electric Railways Company of London.
看到这种情况，一名叫查尔斯·耶基斯的美国富商于1902年承担起了改善地铁系统的工程，他买下了许多不同的地铁线，创立了伦敦电力地铁公司。品味经典
①The company has announced that it will undertake a full investigation into the accident.
公司已经宣布将这次事故进行全面调查。②She undertook responsibility for the changes.
她承担了做出这些改变的责任。
③He undertook to finish the job by Friday.
他答应到星期五完成这一工作。自我探究
undertake vt.&vi.承担，担任；着手做，开始进行；承诺，答应。归纳拓展
undertake a task承担任务
undertake an attack发动进攻
undertake to do sth.答应/同意做某事
undertaker n.承担者，承办人牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)—John，would you lend me some money?
—Unless you ________ to pay the money back within six months.
A．understand B．undertake
C．underplay D．underline解析：选B。understand意为“明白，理解”；undertake“同意，保证”；underplay“对……不够重视”；underline“在……加下划线”。完成句子
(2)这位律师免费承办那个案件。
The lawyer ____________ the case
without a fee.undertook(3)这是我所承担的最难的工作。
This is the hardest work ever
____________ by me.undertaken(4)他保证过要来参加我的生日晚会的。
A：He________________________ my
birthday party.
B：He ________________ he would
come to my birthday party.undertook to come toundertook that7In 1965，the Chinese government approved the construction of a subway line.
1965年，中国政府批准建设地铁。品味经典
①The mayor approved the new building plans.
市长批准了新建筑计划。②My parents don’t approve of me smoking cigarettes.
我的父母不准我吸烟。
③I don’t approve of your decision.
我不赞成你的决定。自我探究
approve vt.批准，通过(计划，提案等)vi.赞同，认可，通常与of搭配。牛刀小试
单项填空
Her father will never ________ of her marriage to you.
A．think B．demand
C．inform D．approve解析：选D。句意：她父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。approve of赞同，同意。8Why would many people choose to travel by airplane rather than by ship?
为什么许多人宁愿选择坐飞机而不愿坐船呢？品味经典
①He would give up rather than work in such bad condition.
他宁愿放弃也不愿在这样差的条件下工作。自我探究
would do...rather than do...＝would rather do...than do...“宁可……也不……”。归纳拓展
would rather do宁愿做某事
would rather have done宁愿做过某事(但实际未做)
would rather sb.did宁愿某人(现在或将来)做某事
would rather sb.had done宁愿某人曾经做过某事(但实际未做)②We went by sea，but I would rather have gone by air.
我们是乘船去的，可我本想乘飞机去。
③Don’t come and see me today－I would rather you came tomorrow.今天不要来看我——我希望你们明天来。
④I would rather he hadn’t told me about it.
我宁愿他未告诉我这件事。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2010年高考江苏卷)George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I’d rather he ________ more on its culture.
A．focus B．focused
C．would focus D．had focused解析：选B。本题中would rather后面的宾语从句应该是与将来相反的情况，所以从句用一般过去时来构成虚拟语气。故选B。(2)I would rather ________ TV at home than ________ to the cinema.
A．watch；go
B．watched；go
C．to watch；going
D．watching；to go解析：选A。考查would rather的用法。句意：我宁愿呆在家里看电视也不愿去看电影。would rather do...than do...宁愿……也不……，此结构应用动词原形，故选A。(3)Rather than ________ on a crowded bus，I always prefer ________ an electric bicycle.
A．ride；ride B．riding；ride
C．ride；to ride D．to ride；riding解析：选C。考查prefer的用法。句意：我宁愿骑电动自行车也不愿乘坐拥挤的公共汽车。prefer to do rather than do宁愿……而不……。故选C。9Unfortunately，the number of vehicles on the road caused unbelievable traffic jams，and the roads became so busy that no one could travel anywhere.
不幸的是，马路上车辆的数量造成了难以置信的交通拥堵，道路交通变得如此拥挤以至于无人能够通行。品味经典
①He is so honest a man that everyone believes what he says.
他如此诚实，以至于每个人都相信他说的话。②She has so many friends that she feels happy all the time.
她有很多朋友，因此她一直觉得很幸福。自我探究
本句中包含“so...that...”结构，so...that...引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”，该结构的常见形式：归纳拓展
such...that...结构：
such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that从句
such＋adj.＋可数名词复数＋that从句
such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that从句③It is such a heavy box that I can’t lift it.
箱子如此重以至于我提不起来。
④They’re such lovely babies that we all like them.
他们是很可爱的孩子，我们都喜欢他们。【注意】 so/such...that...结构中，so/such...位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
⑤So lovely is she that we all like her.
她这么可爱，所以我们都喜欢她。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)So ________ that no fish can live in it.
A．shallow is the lake
B．shallow the lake is
C．the lake is shallow
D．is the lake shallow解析：选A。so...that...结构中，so位于句首时主句要部分倒装。(2)Mr. Smith is ________ a good teacher ________ we all respect.
A．such；that B．such；as
C．so；that D．so；as
解析：选B。第一空所填词修饰名词，故用such，不用so；此题易误选A，若把such...that...放入句中，respect后显然缺少宾语。因此答案应是B，as作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，先行词为teacher，同时as在从句中作respect的宾语。(3)The Great Wall is ________ tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.
A．so a well-known
B．a so well-known
C．such well-known a
D．such a well-known解析：选D。题干为so/such...that...结构，“so＋adj.＋a(n)＋可数名词单数＋that...”＝“such＋a(n)＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that...”，故D项切题。10Passengers were transported in carriages without windows，which were pulled through the narrow tunnels by steam engines.
乘客们坐在没有窗户的车厢中被运来运去，这些车厢由蒸汽机拉动，穿梭于狭窄的隧道。品味经典
①The 9∶30 train，which is usually very punctual，was late today.(替代一个词)
9点30分的火车通常很准时，今天却晚点了。②He has to work on Sundays，which he doesn’t like.(替代一部分)
他不得不星期天工作，这一点他不喜欢。
③Mary changed her mind，which made me very angry.(替代整句)
玛丽改变了主意，这使我很生气。自我探究
句中的which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语，替代先行词carriages。which在非限制性定语从句中既可替代主句中的一个词或一部分，也可替代整个主句。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2011年高考大纲全国卷)Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt，________ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A．this B．that
C．what D．which解析：选D。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，首先排除A和C；根据空前的逗号可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，排除B。该从句应用which引导，which在从句中作主语，代指前面的整个句子。(2)(2010年高考大纲全国卷Ⅰ)As a child，Jack studied in a village school，________ is named after his grandfather.
A．which B．where
C．what D．that解析：选A。句意：还是孩子的时候，Jack在以他祖父命名的乡村学校学习。此题考查定语从句，空格设置在名词school后，且school后有逗号，确定此题考查非限制性定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school，它在定语从句中做主语，由于是非限制性定语从句，不能使用that，因此选择A。(3)Yesterday she sold her car，________ she bought a month ago.
A．when B．where
C．that D．which解析：选D。句意：昨天她卖了她的车，那是她一个月前买的。考查非限制性定语从句，which在从句中充当bought的宾语，而that不能用在非限制性定语从句中，when和where是关系副词，不能充当宾语。11So，why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today?
那么，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观光一番呢？品味经典
①Why don’t you(Why not)sing a song?
为什么不唱支歌呢？
②Why not turn to the teacher for advice?
为什么不向老师征求意见呢？自我探究
“Why not do...？”是“Why don’t you do...？”的省略形式，意为“为什么不……？”，是表示建议的常用句型。归纳拓展
表示“建议”的常见句型：
Why not do...？为什么不干……？
Why don’t you do...？你为什么不……？
Let’s do...让我们干……吧。
Shall we do...？让我们干……，好吗？Would you like to do...？你想要干……吗？
Will you please do...？请你干……，好吗？
What(How)about doing...？干……怎么样？I suggest that sb.(should)do sth.我建议某人做某事。
You’d better(not)do...你最好(不)干……【注意】 其肯定式是“Why do...？/Why do you do...？”，这两个句式常用于表示责问，意为“为什么……？”。
③Why do you/Why lend him the money?
为什么要借钱给他？(表示责问)牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)—It’s a long time since I saw my sister.
—________ her this weekend?
A．Why not visit B．Why not to visit
C．Why not visiting
D．Why don’t visit
解析：选A。句意：“我很久没见我的姐姐了。”“为什么这周不去看看她呢？”“Why not do...？(为什么不……？)”为常用句型。D项应在don’t后加you。(2)(2011年高考课标全国卷)—We could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party.
—Yes，________？I’ll give them a call right now.
A．why not B．what for
C．why D．what解析：选A。考查交际用语。说话人建议邀请John和Barbara来参加周五晚上的派对。答话人表示同意，因此空白处填why not，表示“为什么不呢，好哇”。译文助读
The first underground in the world
Welcome to the London Underground, or as it is usually known, the tube. It has the distinction of being the oldest and most complex underground system in the world. Rail services to London were first developed during the first half of the 19th century. However, most trains to London only went to the outer city limits, because building railway tracks into the city would have damaged many old buildings. Horse-drawn buses, trams，cabs and carriages were used to convey people to and around the city centre. Unfortunately，the number of vehicles on the road caused unbelievable traffic jams, and the roads became so busy that no one could travel anywhere. This traffic problem led to the development of the underground system.
In 1854, the British government gave approval to the construction by the Metropolitan Railway Company of an underground railway in the centre of London, between Paddington and Farringdon，via King’s Cross, St Pancras and Euston. However, new trains had to be developed and the plan required raising a large amount of money, so the digging was postponed until 1860. The initial tunnels were opened in 1863 and were just beneath the surface of the ground.Passengers were transported in carriages without windows, which were pulled through the narrow tunnels by steam engines. In 1868，the next section of the underground system was opened in the south of London by another company called the Metropolitan District Railway. Sixteen years later, in 1884, the Metropolitan Railway Company and theMetropolitan District Railway linked up and provided underground service in the middle of the city. This later became the Circle Line. Because of the smoke from the steam engines, early underground lines needed large holes leading to the surface at regular intervals, so that people could get fresh air and would not choke.
As better ways for digging tunnels were developed, the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884.These new ways of digging accelerated the pace of the London Underground’s development. The City and South London Railway opened the first electric underground railway in 1890.Over the next twenty-five years, six independent deep underground lines were constructed. Travelling on these lines was not convenient, though, as each line was possessed by a different company, and many were very far from each other.Having seen the situation, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes，undertook improving the system in 1902 by obtaining ownership of the many different lines and setting up the Underground Electric Railways Company of London. In 1933,a public organization called the London Passenger Transport Board was created. The Underground Electric Railways Company of London，the Metropolitan Line and all the different bus and train lines were placed under the authority of the Board.This organization eventually became London Transport. Between 1918 and 1938, many new stations were constructed, the most famous of which were designed by an architect named Charles Holden.世界上第一条地铁
欢迎来到伦敦地铁——通常它被称为“管子”。伦敦地铁是世界上最古老且最复杂的地铁系统，并因此而享有盛名。在19世纪上半叶， 就有了通往伦敦的火车交通服务。但是，大部分通往伦敦的火车只到外伦敦的边界，因为在市区内修建铁路会损害许多古建筑。马拉车、有轨电车、计程车和非机动车被用来将人们送往市中心及其周围一带。不幸的是，马路上车辆的数量造成了难以置信的交通拥堵，道路交通变得如此拥挤以致于无人能够通行。这一交通问题导致了地铁系统的研发。 1854年，英国政府批准大都会铁路公司在伦敦市中心的帕丁顿和法林顿之间建一条地铁，途经国王十字站、圣潘克里斯和尤斯顿。但是，新式列车得加以研发，这个计划需要筹集大量的资金，所以地下隧道的挖凿被推迟到1860年。首批地铁隧道于1863年开通，它们紧靠地表。乘客们坐在没有窗户的车厢中被运来运去， 这些车厢由蒸汽机拉动，穿梭于狭窄的隧道。1868年，地铁系统接下去的一段由名为大都会区铁路的另一家公司在伦敦南部开通。十六年后的1884年，大都会铁路公司和大都会区铁路公司联合，为城市中部提供地铁服务。此线后来变成了环线。由于发动机会产生大量的烟雾，早期的地铁线每隔一段就需要有通往地面的大洞，以使乘坐地铁的人能呼吸到新鲜空气而不致窒息。随着更好的开挖隧道方法被研发，第一条穿过泰晤士河底的地铁隧道于1884年被挖成。这些新的隧道开挖方法加快了伦敦地铁发展的步伐。 1890年，伦敦城及南伦敦铁路公司开通了第一条电力地铁线。在接下来的25年里，六条独立的深层地铁线建成。然而搭乘这些线路并不方便，因为各条线路都为一个不同的公司所拥有，而且许多线路之间相距甚远。看到这种情况，一名叫查尔斯·耶基斯的美国富商于1902年承担起了改善地铁系统的工程，他买下许多不同的地铁线，创立了伦敦电力地铁公司。
1933年，一个叫做伦敦客运总署的公共机构成立。伦敦电力地铁公司、大都会支线以及所有不同的公交、列车线路都归该署掌管。这个机构最终成为伦敦交通运输管理局。1918年与1938年之间，不少新的车站建成，其中最有名的那些是由建筑师查尔斯·霍尔登设计的。The underground system had some unusual uses during World War Ⅱ. When London was bombed, many underground stations functioned as bomb shelters. A new line was used as an underground airplane factory, an underground station was used as a centre for directing the defence against air attacks, and the station nearest the Prime Minister’s house was used by the Prime Minister as meeting rooms for the administration of government.After World War Ⅱ ended in 1945, more people travelled on the underground，so the system was enlarged and more lines were added, including the Victoria Line, which was linked with other lines at almost every station. This helped make the system more user-friendly. The last line added was the Jubilee Line，which was opened in 1979 in honour of the twenty-fifth anniversary of Elizabeth II becoming the queen.The London underground system is working to transport huge numbers of people as it has done for many years. Over three million people travel on the underground every day. The network of the underground system includes twelve lines and now goes twenty-six miles out of central London. So, why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today? Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel cards that permit you to travel all over the underground system.地铁系统在二战时期发挥了一些特殊用途。 当伦敦被轰炸时，许多地铁站起到了防空洞的作用。一条新建的地铁线被用作地下飞机制造厂，一个地铁站被用作反空袭指挥中心，离首相住所最近的地铁站被首相用作政府行政会议室。1945年二战结束后，更多的人乘坐地铁， 于是地铁系统得被扩建，增加了更多的线路。其中包括维多利亚线，它所有的站几乎都与其他线路相连。这有助于使地铁系统更加便于使用。最后增加的一条线路是朱比利线，于1979年开通， 以纪念伊丽莎白女王二世登基25周年。
正如许多年来它已经做的那样，伦敦地铁还在为运载大量乘客而运转着。每天都有三百多万人乘坐地铁。整个地铁网络包括12条线路， 现已延伸到距离伦敦中心26英里以外的地区。那么，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观光一番呢？到我们的售票处看看，并购买一张旅行卡吧，很多卡让你可以畅游整个地铁系统哟。课件70张PPT。Section Ⅱ Word power & Grammar and usage速效提能演练语法专题突破 Section Ⅱ重点难点探究重点难点探究1...but you will have to fill in a form and then we will decide_on the best way to organize the visit.
……但是你必须填表，然后我们才决定组织这次参观最好的方式。品味经典
①Have you decided on the date for your wedding?
你结婚的日子选好没有？②We felt that we must decide on something.
我们感到必须做出某种决定。
③It was up to the United States to decide on peace or war.
是和平还是战争，完全取决于美国。自我探究
decide on/upon 就某事做出决定。归纳拓展
decide to do sth. 下决心做某事
decide sb.to do sth. 使某人决定做某事
decide for oneself 自己决定
make a decision 下决心determine to do sth. 决定做某事
be determined to do sth. 决定做某事
make up one’s mind to do sth. 下定决心做某事牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)Have you decided ________ the color of your new car?
A．on B．for
C．with D．at
解析：选A。句意：你买什么颜色的新车选好了没有？decide on/upon就某件事作出决定，为固定结构，故A正确。(2)It was too dark，and I couldn’t ________ the words written on the blackboard.
A．look at B．turn up
C．decide on D．make out解析：选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：天太黑了，我无法认出黑板上写的字。look at看；turn up调大，出现；decide on就……作出决定；make out认出，辨认出。故D项正确。2We could split up into groups，and come at different times.
我们可以分成几组，在不同的时间来。品味经典
①The matter has split the party down the middle.
此事件导致该党分成两大派。
②She split the class into four groups.
她把全班分成四个小组。
③Let’s split the cost of the meal.
我们一起分摊饭钱吧。自我探究
split vi.&vt.劈开，切开；(使)分裂；(使)分开；断绝关系。归纳拓展
split up 断绝关系；分组，分解
split away 分离，分裂出去
split the difference 妥协，折中牛刀小试
单项填空
Pack the cake in a strong box，or it might get ________ in the post.
A．splashed B．split
C．crushed D．crashed解析：选C。句意：把蛋糕装在一个比较结实的盒子里，否则邮寄中它可能被压坏。get crushed被压坏，被压碎，符合句意。splash溅，泼；split裂开，分开；crash猛跌，(飞机)失事。3OK，I will put you through to the receptionist and she can take down your details.
好吧，我给你接通接待员，她可以记下你的详细情况。品味经典
①Could you put me through to the manager，please?
请帮我找经理接一下电话，好吗？
②You have put your family through a lot.
你让你的家人受了不少苦。③We managed to put the deal through.
我们设法做成了这笔生意。自我探究
put through给……接通(电话)；使经历(苦难、考验)；完成，使成功。归纳拓展
put down 镇压，记下
put in 插话，安装
put off 推迟，延迟
put together 组装
put up 张贴；建造，搭起put up with 容忍，忍受
put away 收起来放好，储蓄
put aside 放在一边，忽视；储蓄
put back 放回，拨回(钟表指针)
put on 穿(戴)上，上演，增加(体重)
put forward 提出，拨快(钟表指针)④Please put these tools away after you finish the work.
干完活后请把这些工具收起来。
⑤Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
今日事今日毕。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2011年高考辽宁卷)The exam results will be ________ on Friday afternoon.
A．put down B．put off
C．put up D．put away解析：选C。句意：这次考试结果将在星期五下午张贴公布。put up“举起，抬起；建立，竖起；张贴；投宿，留宿”；put down“放下；平定，镇压，取缔；记下，写下”；put off“延期，推迟；拖延”；put away“收起来，放好；储存；关押”。根据句意选C。(2)(2011年高考课标全国卷)I can ________the house being untidy，but I hate it if it’s not clean.
A．come up with
B．put up with
C．turn to
D．stick to解析：选B。句意：我能忍受这套房子凌乱，但不喜欢它不干净。come up with找到(答案)，想出(主意)；put up with容忍，忍受；turn to转向，翻页，求助于；stick to坚持。(3)(2011年高考浙江卷)He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of ________ at a hotel for the night.
A．putting down B．putting off
C．putting on D．putting up解析：选D。put down放下，支付；put off推迟，拖延，拒绝；put on穿上，运行，假装；put up举起，建造，搭建，提供，住宿。句意：他决定全程驾车回家而不是________在旅馆里过夜。所以D项意义正确。4I would like to put your visit off until then as the annual Traffic Conference is coming up next week.
我想把你的参观时间推迟到那时，因为下周一年一度的交通会议就要召开了。品味经典
①They were holding an annual festival in the jungle.
他们正在丛林里举行一年一次的会演。
②Her annual income is about$75,000.
她年薪大约75000美元。③I’m looking for Football Annual for the 2003.
我正在找2003年的《足球年刊》。自我探究
annual既可用作adj.也可用作n.，用作形容词，意为“每年的，一年一次的”，作名词，意为“年刊”，还可表示年鉴，一年生植物。其副词形式为annually“一年一次地”。归纳拓展
daily每日的→每天→日报
weekly每周的→每周→周刊
monthly每月的→每月→月刊
quarterly每季的→每季→季刊
yearly每年的→每年牛刀小试
句型转换
(1)They celebrate their wedding anniversary once a year.
→They celebrate their wedding
anniversary ________________.annually选词填空
(2)In June and July，the
____________(yearly/monthly)temperature is 22℃.
(3)They get a ______ (daily/weekly)pay
，that is，they are paid by the day.monthlydaily5These special roads have to be very well designed as they are in the air.
这些特殊的道路必须被设计好，因为它们是在半空中。品味经典
①As we are both tired，let’s just grab a takeaway.
我们俩都累了，来吃点外卖食品吧。
②Joan came in as we were watching TV.
当我们正在看电视的时候，琼进来了。
③Young as she is，she knows a lot.
尽管年轻，但她却懂得很多。
④Jim works in the same office as my sister does.
吉姆和我妹妹在同一个办公室工作。⑤As I mentioned in my last letter，I’ll be back in Ohio in June.
正如我上封信提到的，我将在6月份回到俄亥俄州。自我探究
as 在句①中引导原因状语从句，意为“因为，由于”；在句②中引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候，随着”；在句③中引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”；句④中as引导比较状语从句，意为“像……一样”；句⑤中as引导方式状语从句，意为“正如……，照……的方法”。【注意】 (1)n./adj./v./adv.＋as/though可引导让步状语从句，其中名词前无任何冠词或其他修饰语。
⑥Child as she was，she could do housework for her mother.
尽管她还是个孩子，但却能帮她妈妈做家务。
(2)as引导的让步状语从句，动词前置时，从句主语后要用may，might，can，could，will，would等情态动词，若没有情态动词则加上一个do/does/did。若前置动词为及物动词则其宾语也随其一同提前。⑦Try as he may，he never succeeds.
尽管很努力，但他从未成功。
⑧Change your mind as you will，you will get no help from us.
即使你改变主意，你也不会得到我们的帮助。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2011年高考课标全国卷)Try ________ she might，Sue couldn’t get the door open.
A．if B．when
C．since D．as解析：选D。句意：尽管苏尝试想打开门，但就是打不开。as引导让步状语从句时，从句要用倒装语序，即把表语、副词或动词原形提前；若表语为可数名词单数，名词前不加冠词。其结构为：adj./adv./n./v.＋as＋主语＋句子其他部分，因此D项正确。(2)________ life pace continues to speed up，we are quickly losing the art of enjoyment.
A．With B．When
C．As D．While解析：选C。句意：随着生活节奏继续加快，我们正在很快失去娱乐的艺术。as在此为连词，表示“随着”，符合句意。with也可译为“随着”，但它是介词，后面不能接从句。(3)Disabled Australian woman ________，she is greatly respected ________ 10 Paralympics Games.
A．although she is；to take part in
B．though she is；to have joined
C．as she is；to have competed in
D．while she is；having participated in解析：选C。空一部分所填内容形成倒装的让步状语从句，although与while引导的让步状语从句不能倒装，故排除A、D两项；空二所填内容表示“参加运动会”，join后接“人员、组织名称”，join in后才能接表“活动”的名词，显然C项正确。6For example，when travelling by land we can use trains，cars，coaches，buses and bicycles，...
例如，当我们陆路旅行时，我们可以用火车、轿车、长途公共汽车、公交车和自行车，……品味经典
①When (she was) very young，she began to learn to play the violin.
她很小的时候，就开始学习拉小提琴了。②Although(he was)a farmer，now he is a famous director.虽然他曾是个农民，但现在是位著名的导演了。
③When crossing the street，you should look at both sides.
当过马路的时候，你应该向两边看看。自我探究
在复合句中，有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等的状语从句中，如果从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，而且从句的主谓结构为“主语＋be”或者“it/there＋be”时，则可省略从句的主谓结构，构成省略句。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2010年高考浙江卷)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise，if ________ regularly，can improve our health.
A．being carried out
B．carrying outC．carried out
D．to carry out
解析：选C。exercise与carry out之间构成动宾关系，故此处用过去分词短语carried out。(2)—Who should be responsible for the accident?
—The boss，not the workers.They just carried out the order ________.
A．as told B．as are told
C．as telling D．as they told解析：选A。句意：“谁应对这起事故负责？”“是老板，不是工人。他们只是奉命行事。”as told是状语从句“as they were told的省略。”语法专题突破品味语法
1．The policemen are searching for the suspect.
警察正在搜寻那个嫌疑犯。
2．They put out the big fire.＝They put the big fire out.
他们扑灭了大火。3．The First World War broke out in 1914.
第一次世界大战爆发于1914年。
4．We’ve run out of our food.
我们的食物吃完了。
5．Who’s taking care of your brother?
谁在照顾你的弟弟？自我探究
短语动词是动词与其他词类搭配在一起构成的固定词组。其分类有：讲解归纳
短语动词
动词常与其他词类(多是介词和副词)搭配在一起，构成固定词组，称之为短语动词。一般短语动词可分为以下几类：1．及物动词＋介词
这类结构中的介词不能与动词分开，宾语只能放在介词之后。常见短语有：agree with同意……的意见，符合，一致；ask for请求，询问；arrive at/in到达；begin with以……开始；come from来自；feel like想要；fall behind落在……后面；fall off掉下；get to到达；get on上(车)。2．动词＋副词
这类结构中宾语放在副词之前、之后均可，但如果宾语为人称代词，则必须放在副词之前。如果宾语过长，则应放在副词之后。常见短语有：eat up吃光；find out找出，查明；put off推迟；look out当心；come out出版；go off走火，熄灭；keep out使不进入。3．动词＋副词＋介词
这类结构中，介词的宾语不能置于介词之前。常见短语有：be fed up with厌倦；catch up with赶上；go on with继续；get on with与……相处。4．动词＋名词＋介词
常见短语有：take care of照料，照顾；make room for给……腾出地方；make friends with与……交朋友；play a joke on 戏弄某人；have a look at看一看；have a drink of喝一点；say goodbye to告别；告辞。5．动词＋名词
make sense讲得通；make faces 做鬼脸；lose heart 灰心；lose weight减肥；take action采取行动；take care当心。6．动词＋介词＋名词
bring...to an end 使……结束
bring...under control 使……在掌控下
keep...in mind 牢记
put...into effect 使……生效
learn...by heart 背熟
take...by surprise 使吓一跳课件155张PPT。Section Ⅲ Task & Project速效提能演练写作专题突破 Section Ⅲ重点难点探究重点难点探究1There are many flights to Dalian，and the city has good air connections with most large cities in China，but you need to make reservations in advance.有许多航班飞往大连，大连与中国的大多数大城市有良好的空中联系，但是你需要提前预订机票。品味经典
①Customers are advised to make seat reservations in advance.
建议顾客提前订好座位。
②We condemn their actions without reservation.
我们毫无保留地谴责他们的行为。自我探究
reservation n．(房间、座位等的)预订；保留，可构成短语make a reservation预订；without reservation毫无保留。归纳拓展
reserve v.保留；预订；储备 n.贮藏(物)；储备
reserve sth.for sb.为某人准备某物
in reserve备用③Keep some money in reserve，just in case.
存一些钱，以防万一。
④He has reserved three tickets for Shanghai World Expo.
他预订了三张去上海世博会的票。⑤A separate room is reserved for smokers.
有一间独立房间是留给吸烟者用的。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)These seats are ________ for the elderly and disabled.
A．remained B．reserved
C．kept D．preserved解析：选B。reserve保留，可构成搭配be reserved for专为某人/某个特定目的而留下……。remain为不及物动词，无被动；keep保存；preserve保存(以免破坏)。完成句子
(2)预订房间请提前来电话。
Please call ahead if you want to
____________ a room.reserve2Newsflash：A new service has just opened between Beijing and Dalian and this has speeded up travel between the two cities.
新闻快讯：在北京和大连之间刚刚开通了一项新的服务，这加速了两个城市之间的旅行。品味经典
①The car sped up when there was no one.
没有人的时候汽车加速了。②Plenty of fresh air and exercise will speed up his recovery.
充足的新鲜空气和体育锻炼将加速他的康复。
③They have speeded up their construction of the new building.
他们加快了这座新楼的建造速度。自我探究
speed up意为“(使)加速”。归纳拓展
at high/low/full/top speed以高/低/全/最高速
at a speed of...以……速度
with all speed 尽快地
reduce speed减速
pick up speed加速牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)Many countries are faced with the problem about how to ________ economic development.
A．turn up B．speed up
C．get up D．stay up解析：选B。句意：很多国家都面临这样一个问题：怎样才能加快经济发展。turn up再现，(声音)调大；speed up加快；get up起来；stay up熬夜。由句意可知选B。(2)He was caught ________ and fined 200 yuan by the police.
A．speed B．speeding
C．to speed D．speeded
解析：选B。be caught doing被碰上正在做某事。句意：他被警察抓住超速行驶，罚了200元。完成句子
(3)新的高速公路加快了两地之间的贸易往来。
The newly-built highway
________________ the trade between the two places.speeded/sped up(4)这列火车正在全速前进。
The train is running forward
________________.at full/top speed3Part of the road is still under repair.
部分路面仍在修理中。品味经典
①The road under repair leads to our university.
正在维修的那条路通往我们的大学。
②The building is under repair.
这幢楼正在修建中。自我探究
under repair在修理中，在修建中。归纳拓展
(1)beyond repair 无法修复
in good/bad repair 维修良好/失修
(2)“under＋名词”表示“处于……状况中”，相当于正在进行时的被动语态，常用结构有：under attack 受到攻击
under control 在控制中
under construction 在修建中
under consideration 在考虑中
under discussion 在讨论中
under debate 在争论中
under treatment 在治疗中③Most of the paintings are in good repair.
大多数油画保存完好。
④The railway is under construction.铁路正在修建中。
⑤The problem is under discussion.问题正在讨论中。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)Since the able person，John，is in ________ charge of the matter，we’re sure that the matter is under ________ control now.A．the；the B．the；/
C．/；the D．/；/
解析：选D。句意为：既然那个很能干的人，约翰，负责这件事，我们相信这件事现在已经被控制住了。in charge of“负责”；under control“在控制中”，都是固定短语，都不用冠词。
完成句子
(2)我的自行车还在修理中。
My bike is still ________________.
(3)病人正在治疗中。
The patient is ________________.under repairunder treatment4Sometimes the slow ferries are not very punctual and there may be long delays.
有时候较慢的渡船不是很准时，可能会耽搁很长时间。品味经典
①She is always punctual for every appointment.
她总是准时赴约。②I expect you to be punctual for meetings.
我希望你准时到会。
③We can not guarantee the punctual arrival of trains in foggy weather.
雾天我们不能担保火车准点到达。自我探究
punctual adj.准时的，守时的。归纳拓展
punctuality n．准时，守时
punctually adv. 准时地，准点地
be punctual to the minute 一分不差
be punctual for... 在……方面很守时牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)The questionnaire takes ________ ten to fifteen minutes to complete and can be used along with the assessment interview.A．mainly B．punctually
C．approximately D．Precisely
解析：选C。考查副词辨析。这里意思是“问卷大约需要10至15分钟完成”，应选择approximately“大约地”。mainly“主要地”，punctually“准时地”，precisely“精确地”。
(2)It is strange that he is late for such an important meeting，for he is always ________ for everything.
A．late B．practical
C．punctual D．careful解析：选C。句意：真奇怪，如此重要的会议他竟然迟到，他一贯做事很守时的。由此可知C项正确。句型转换
(3)He has never been late for work.
→He is always ______________work.
(4)We’ll leave exactly at 8 p．m..
→We’ll leave ____________ at 8 p．m..punctual forpunctually完成句子
(5)为了准时赶上会议，他们坐早班火车走了。
________________________the
meeting，they left on an early train.To be punctual for(6)不守时是他的最大缺点。
Not ________________ is his greatest
shortcoming.being punctual5The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased over the past year.
在过去的一年里，道路事故及由此造成的死亡人数均有增长。品味经典
①We keep them informed of any changes as they arise.
如果有任何变化，我们随时通知他们。②Emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause.
身体上的原因可以引起情绪或精神上的问题。
③Many English words arise from Latin.
许多英语单词都来自拉丁语。④He arose from his bed suddenly as soon as he heard the fire alarm.听到火警声他立刻从床上爬了起来。自我探究
arise不及物动词，其过去式和过去分词分别为arose；arisen，在句①中意为“(问题等)出现，产生”；在句②③中分别意为“起因于，起源于”，常与out of或from搭配使用；在句④中意为“起身，起床”。易混辨析
arise，arouse，rise，raise牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)—What is the price of petrol these days?
—Oh，it ________ sharply since last month.
A．is raised B．has risen
C．has arisen D．is increased解析：选B。由since可知应用现在完成时，主语it(the price)与rise之间是主谓关系，故选B。arise表示“出现”，与语境不符。(2)A completely new situation is likely to ________ when the middle school leaving age is raised to 16.
A．arouse B．rise
C．arise D．raise
解析：选C。这里指全新的情况可能会“产生”。故选C。arise产生，出现。用rise，raise，arise，arouse的适当形式填空
(3)The sun ____________ in the east
day after day.
(4)I ________my sister from her sleep.risesaroused(5)Although that problem had been solved，a new difficulty ________.
(6)They ________ a lot of money for
the homeless yesterday.
(7)The book ________ great attention.aroseraisedaroused6 Recently the number of people fined for speaking on their mobile phones while driving has increased by 30 percent.
最近因驾驶时用手机打电话而被罚款的司机人数增长了30%。品味经典
①She was fined for speeding.她因超速而被罚款。
②Offenders will be liable to a heavy fine.
违者须付巨额罚款。
③He had to pay a $100 fine.他不得不付100美元罚金。自我探究
fine在句①中是动词，意为“罚……的款，处以罚金”；在句②、③中是名词，意为“罚金、罚款”。归纳拓展
fine adj.高质量的；健康的；(指行为、建议、决定)可接受的；晴朗的
fine adv.令人满意地，可接受地
get sth.down to a fine art把……学到了家fine sb.for(doing sth.)因(做了)某事而罚某人的款
④I was feeling fine when I got up this morning.
今天早上我起床时感觉很舒服。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)—What shall we do this weekend?
—It’s up to you.Whatever you do is ________ with me.
A．good B．well
C．fine D．suit解析：选C。fine在此表示“(指行为、建议、决定)可接受的，合乎心意的”。此时be fine with相当于动词suit。(2)She was asked to hand in the ________ for driving at a high speed.
A．money B．pay
C．cost D．fine
解析：选D。句意：她因为超速行驶而被罚。完成句子
(3)他因为把车停在“不准停车”的地方而被罚款。
He __________________________his
car at “No parking”．was fined for parking7Carrying more than a light load on your bicycle makes it more difficult to control.
用自行车带上重物会使车子难以控制。品味经典
①Slowly the old man carries his load.
老人慢慢地挑着担子前行。
②These backpacks are designed to carry a heavy load.
这些背包是为携带重物而设计的。③Hearing the good news took a load off my mind.
听了这个好消息我如释重负。
④She loaded film into the camera.
她把胶卷装到照相机里。自我探究
load既可用作名词，又可用作动词，用作名词时意为“负荷；负担；工作量”；用作动词时意为“装载；装货”。归纳拓展
(1)a load of＝loads of大量的，许多(修饰可数或不可数名词)
take a load off sb.’s mind消除某人的思想负担
(2)load...with...用……装载……
load sth.into/onto...把……装入(到)……牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)He has got ________ money from his uncle.
A．a large amount of B．loads of
C．a load of D．all of the above解析：选D。loads of和a load of都表示“许多，大量的”，既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词。a large amount of只能修饰不可数名词，money为不可数名词，故选D。(2)Have you seen the bus ________ lots of passengers?
A．loading with
B．loaded with
C．taking with
D．loaded up解析：选B。句意：你看见那辆载满乘客的公共汽车了吗？这里的loaded with作的是后置定语，相当于表示被动语态的定语从句。8 Below are some of the major causes of road accidents in connection with vehicles such as cars，minibuses and lorries，and what drivers should do to prevent them.以下是机动车(如小汽车、小型巴士和货车)引起道路交通事故的一些主要原因，以及司机为防止事故应采取的措施。品味经典
①Down jumped the naughty boy.
那个调皮的男孩跳了下来。
②Among the guests is the man you are looking for.
你找的人在客人中。自我探究
本句使用了全部倒装结构。主语是名词，将表语below提到句首，故采用完全倒装。归纳拓展
全部倒装的几种情况：
(1)here，there，now，then，thus等副词置于句首时(谓语通常是be，come，go等)
(2)表示运动方向的副词置于句首时
(谓语通常是表示运动的不及物动词)(3)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时
(4)为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首
(5)有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首
③There goes the bell.铃响了。【注意】 主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。④Here he comes.他来了。
⑤Standing beside the table is a seven-year-old boy.
站在桌旁的是一个七岁的男孩。
⑥In the front of the lecture hall sits a professor.
演讲厅的前面坐着一位教授。【注意】 应用中要注意以下几点：
(1)该句式中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致。
⑦On the wall hangs a beautiful picture.
墙上挂着一幅美丽的画。
⑧In front of the house stand two tall trees.
房前有两棵大树。(2)该句式常用于非限制性定语从句中。
⑨We soon got to a small cottage，in front of which sat a little boy.
我们很快到达了一家小农舍，房前坐着一个小男孩。(3)该句式常用于地点状语从句中，注意where引导词的选用。
⑩We took some photos where stood the famous tower.
我们在那座名塔处拍了些照片。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2010年高考陕西卷)John opened the door.There ________ he had never seen before.
A．a girl did stand B．a girl stood
C．did a girl stand D．stood a girl解析：选D。考查特殊句式。here，there，thus，then等副词位于句首，且当句子的主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装句，选D。(2)For a moment nothing happened.Then ________ all shouting together.
A．voices had come
B．came voices
C．voices would come
D．did voices come解析：选B。考查特殊句式。副词then位于句首，且当句子的主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装句，选B。9If you are with someone who has been drinking alcohol，even if it is just a couple of beers，do not allow them to drive.
如果你和喝了酒的人在一起，即使他们只喝了几杯啤酒，也不要允许他们开车。品味经典
①Even if/though you disagree with her，she’s still worth listening to.
即使你不同意她的观点，她的意见还是值得听取的。②Even if/though he is poor，she loves him.
尽管他很穷，但她还是爱他。自我探究
even if相当于even though，引导让步状语从句，意为“即使”。从句中常用一般时代替将来时。牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)(2010年高考湖南卷)Tim is in good shape physically ________ he doesn’t get much exercise.
A．if B．even though
C．unless D．as long as解析：选B。句意：尽管Tim锻炼得不多，但他的体型很好。even though意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句。(2)It will be well worth trying ________ you don’t succeed at once.
A．unless B．whether
C．in case D．even though解析：选D。考查连词辨析。句意：尽管你不会立刻成功，也是很值得尝试的。unless除非；whether是否；in case万一；even though尽管，即使。10Many cyclists fail to pay attention to the cars that surround them，and often ride too close to cars to allow them space and time to stop.
许多骑自行车的人不注意周围的车辆，而且经常骑得离汽车太近，以至于他们没有足够的空间和时间刹车。品味经典
①He walks too slowly to get there on time.
他走得太慢，不能按时到达那里。
②The sentence is too difficult for me to translate.
这个句子太难我翻译不了。自我探究
句中的too close to cars to allow them space and time to stop是“too＋adj./adv.＋(for sb./sth.)to do sth.”结构，该结构表示“太……以至于(某人/某物)不能做某事”。归纳拓展
too...to...结构在下列几种情况下表示肯定意义：
(1)该结构中带有never，not等否定词时，译为“无论……也不为过”；(2)too之后跟的是表示主语的态度、情感或倾向的词时(常见的这类词有glad，eager，anxious，happy，ready，nervous，pleased等
③It’s never too old to learn.
活到老学到老。
④The boy is only(just/but)too happy to help others.
这个男孩儿特别喜欢帮助别人。牛刀小试
单项填空
He now lives far away from his parents and misses them ________ enjoy his exciting life at the university.
A．too much to B．enough to
C．very much to D．much so as to解析：选A。句意：他现在远离父母生活，太想念他们了，以至于不能享受令人兴奋的大学生活。根据句意可知，空白处应表示“太……以至于不能……”，所以选A。译文助读
Traffic Accidents and Road Safety
The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased over the past year. This notice is aimed at increasing people’s knowledge of the problem.We must all be aware of the potential causes of traffic accidents and act to prevent them. This is true of everyone as accidents affect drivers of vehicles as well as cyclists and pedestrians. We all have a responsibility to prevent accidents.Below are some of the major causes of road accidents in connection with vehicles such as cars, minibuses and lorries, and what drivers should do to prevent them.·Drivers not paying attention—This is the most common cause of accidents.When drivers do not pay attention to surrounding traffic, they are not ready when another driver does something wrong, like turning without signalling or giving wrong signals.·Drivers getting annoyed in a traffic jam—Many drivers are aggressive and push into other lanes of traffic or pass other cars. These are both very dangerous because they can result in crashes.交通事故与道路安全
在过去的一年里，道路事故及由此造成的死亡人数均有增长。此通告旨在提高人们对这一问题的认识。
我们都必须意识到造成交通事故的潜在原因，并采取措施防止事故发生。这对每个人都尤为重要，因为事故不只是影响到骑自行车的人和行人，而且影响到机动车驾驶员。我们大家都有责任预防事故的发生。
以下是机动车(如小汽车、小型巴士和货车)引起道路交通事故的一些主要原因，以及司机为防止事故应采取的措施。·司机注意力不集中——这是事故最常见的原因。当司机不注意周围的交通状况，而另一个司机出了差错(如未打信号灯就突然转向、发出错误信号等)时，他们缺乏准备。·司机在交通阻塞时没有耐心——许多司机好逞强，他们抢道或超车。这两种情况都非常危险，因为它们很容易导致撞车。·Drivers speaking on mobile phones—Recently the number of people fined for speaking on their mobile phones while driving has increased by 30 per cent. Speaking on the phone requires a person to concentrate and takes a driver’s attention from the road.·Drinking and driving—If you drive after you have consumed alcoholic drinks or are drunk, you are violating the law and risking your own life as well as the lives of others. If you are with someone who has been drinking alcohol, even if it is just a couple of beers, do not allow them to drive.·Drivers speeding—Speed kills. This is a fact that is easily ignored, but driving too fast through city streets is very dangerous. Our city streets are always crowded with people, cars and bicycles. Drivers have to take the responsibility to watch out for people crossing the road, especially senior citizens who may not be able to walk very fast and young children who may not look before stepping into the road. Drivers should be careful near schools in particular, because there are likely to be many children.On the next page are some of the chief causes of road accidents related to cyclists and pedestrians, and what they should do to prevent accidents.
·Cyclists not paying attention—Many cyclists fail to pay attention to the cars that surround them, and often ride too close to cars to allow them space and time to stop. Some cyclists make the assumption that traffic laws do not apply to them, but this is not true. Cyclists should always signal at turnings and stay on the correct side of the road.·Riding bicycles on the pavement—Sometimes bicycles are allowed on the pavement, but cycling on the pavement can be dangerous to pedestrians.When on the pavement, cyclists should walk next to their bicycles to avoid causing any accidents.·Cyclists carrying a passenger—Carrying more than a light load on your bicycle makes it more difficult to control. This lack of control is an invitation to accidents.·Bicycles without lights—It is recommended to have a light on your bicycle at night. Check your light regularly to make sure it works, as many accidents are caused at night because a bicycle cannot be seen.·Bicycles in need of repair—Another cause of accidents is that bicycles are not kept in good condition. Often brakes do not work properly or tyres are so old that the bicycle cannot stop in time.·Pedestrians crossing the road in the wrong way—Road safety is important for pedestrians too. They should remember to be cautious, and look both ways and listen for cars that they might not be able to see. Pedestrians should always cross the road on a crossing, and should never run across the road.Parents and teachers have a responsibility to teach children how to cross the road safely.·Ignoring traffic lights—Traffic lights are there to guide traffic in a reasonable way. Pedestrians, cyclists and drivers should all obey traffic lights，stopping when the light is red and waiting for it to turn green to go.It is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.·司机驾驶时用手机打电话——最近因驾驶时用手机打电话而被罚款的司机人数增长了30%。使用手机通话需要集中注意力，这样就分散了司机对路面情况的注意力。·酒后驾驶——如果你喝了酒或喝醉了以后开车，那么你是在犯法并且危及自己和他人的生命。如果你和喝了酒的人在一起，即使他们只喝了几杯啤酒，也不要允许他们开车。·超速驾驶——超速是致命的。这是一个容易被忽视的事实，但在城市街道上车速过快是非常危险的。我们的城市街道总是挤满了行人、小汽车和自行车。司机们有责任留意过马路的人们，尤其是那些行动缓慢的老人和过马路时不注意观察两边的儿童。司机们在学校附近尤其要小心，因为那里可能有许多儿童。
下面讲的是与骑自行车的人和行人相关的交通事故的一些主要原因，以及他们为防止事故应采取的措施。·骑自行车的人注意力不集中——许多骑自行车的人不注意周围的车辆，而且经常骑得离汽车太近，以至于他们没有足够的空间和时间刹车。一些骑自行车的人认为交通法规与他们无关，但这是错误的。骑自行车的人每当转弯时都应该示意，并且只能在规定的道路一侧骑车。·在人行道上骑车——有时候自行车是允许在人行道上骑的，但在人行道上骑车对行人来说是很危险的。在人行道上时，骑自行车的人应推着车子走，以免造成事故。
·骑车带人——用自行车带上重物会使车子难以控制，而缺乏控制就会诱发事故。·自行车无灯——夜间骑车建议你在车上装个灯。定期检查灯是否完好，因为许多事故是由于夜间自行车未被看见而造成的。
·自行车需要修理——事故的另一个原因是自行车的车况不好。经常发生刹车不灵或车胎老化以致不能及时刹车的情况。·行人乱穿马路——道路安全对行人也很重要。行人过马路时应记住要小心，向左右两边看，要注意听，以免有车而没有注意到。行人应总是在十字路口过马路，永远都不要横穿马路。父母和老师有责任教孩子们怎样安全过马路。·忽视交通灯——交通灯指挥交通有序进行。行人、骑车的人和司机们都应服从交通信号灯，遇红灯要停，等它变绿时才走。
我们要确保注意路面情况，从而避免事故，这一切都取决于我们道路使用者。写作专题突破【写作要求】
假如你叫李华，你的英国朋友Tom通过电子邮件想知道你校最近举行的各种活动，你把最近你校举办的号召“每位学生读一本好书”的活动向他做介绍，内容包括：注意：1.词数：120左右。开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
2．可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Tom，
I am delighted to get your e-mail and tell you something about the activity of reading a good book for the students in our school.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours ever，
Li Hua【要点词汇】
1．欣赏__________________
2．获益__________________
3．目的__________________
4．养成一种习惯__________________
5．参与，参加__________________
6．与……和睦__________________appreciatebenefitaim/goal/in order toform/develop a habittake part inin harmony with【句式结构】
1．活动的目的是培养学生读一本好书的兴趣，养成读一本好书的习惯。
The aim of the activity
________________students’ interests and form the good habit of reading a good book.
is to develop2．最近，学生会组织了一次“每位学生读一本好书”的活动。
Recently our Students’Union
________________________each
student’s reading a good book.
3．学生们积极参加这项活动。
Students ____________________ this
activity.has held an activity abouttook an active part in4．学生阅读一些关于文学的书籍，这会有助于提高文学欣赏能力。
Students read some books about Chinese literature，
________________improve their ability to appreciate literature works.
which will help to【连句成篇】
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________【佳作欣赏】
Dear Tom，
I am delighted to get your e-mail and tell you something about the activity of reading a good book for the students in our school.In order to develop our interests and form the good habit of reading a good book，recently our Students’ Union has held an activity about each student’s reading a good book.We took an active part in this activity.Some of us read some books about the Chinese literature，which will help to improve our ability to appreciate literature works.Others read some about natural science，which will motivate our passion to devote ourselves to science.As for me，I prefer reading some biology books，because I want very much to become a biologist in the future，further to make a good study of all kinds of living things on our planet. So we can take some effective measures to protect them and call on people to live in harmony with all the living things，which will make our planet more colourful，more peaceful and more harmonious. In my view，we have benefited a lot from this activity，not only broadening our horizons but also developing our interests in science.At the same time，we can build up our confidence on how to do a thing better.
Yours ever，
Li Hua【类文点津】
1．邮件必须在标题栏(Heading)的“收件人”(to)框中输入收信人的E-mail地址。“主题(Subject)”框的内容应简明、扼要，切忌含糊不清。2．E-mail一般使用非正式的文体，因此正文(Body)前的称呼(Salutation)通常无须使用如Dear Mr.John之类的表达。同辈的亲朋好友或同事可直呼其名，但对长辈或上级最好使用头衔加上姓，如Tommy或Mr.Smith。3．E-mail的另一特点是简单明了，太长的内容可以以附件的形式发出。信尾客套话通常也很简明，常常只需一个词，如Thanks，Best等即可。课件13张PPT。Unit 4 Public transport 教材背景链接A thousand mile trip begins with one step.
千里之行，始于足下。Think for yourself，and don’t be limited by what others expect of you.
—Dante
走自己的路，让别人去说吧。
——但丁 随着时代的发展和科技的进步，人们旅游出行越来越方便。但是当你探险旅游时，哪种交通工具才是最佳选择呢？从下文中
找找答案吧！
There are many different means of transport to get around.Nevertheless，most people take the airplane to reach their long-distance destinations. But taking the airplane is not the most adventurous way of travelling. It will only bring you to big cities or the most popular places， skipping the interesting countryside.And it will not bring you into contact with the locals，who are not using airplanes to get around.
Adventure travel includes finding your way around by public transport.A drawback may be that it takes more time to get around，but on the other hand it is a great way to meet local people，and that’s also what travelling is about，right?In general，two types of public transport systems can be identified：the systems that take you from destination to destination，and the local systems that help you get around.
To travel from one destination to another，we prefer to travel by train.Trains are comfortable，without sudden movements，and mostly you can move around in them.In some countries，however，there are few or no railways. To move between destinations there，you will have to take the bus.
To get around within a city or region，you need to depend on local transport. However，in every continent，every country，and even in every city，the local public transport system can be different.When travelling to the big cities，for instance，in Europe，you are advised to learn the specific details of the local subway or bus system of each city.
Apart from using public transport，there are other means of travelling，for example，travelling by bicycle.It is slow but if you have more time，it is the best way to experience the country and region you are travelling in.Read the passage and answer the following questions.
1．Why isn’t the airplane the most adventurous way of travelling?
_________________________________
_________________________________ Because we can’t enjoy the interesting
countryside and meet the locals.2．How many means of transport are mentioned in the passage？What are they?
_________________________________
_________________________________Five. They are airplane，train，bus，
subway and bicycle.
