2022暑假仁爱版英语八年级下册 专题五 形容词和副词的辨析 讲义（无答案）

专题五 形容词和副词的辨析
【考点展示】
掌握形容词、副词在具体语境中的辨析和用法
掌握形容词、副词易混词或短语
掌握一些固定搭配
【知识梳理】一、形容词
形容词的用法及位置
作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面，但形容词修饰 something，anything，nothing，everything 等复合不定代词的时候，须放在其后；形容词修饰疑问代词时，也须放在其后。
e.g. : It is a cold and windy day.
Would you like something hot to drink. What else can you see
作表语，放在系动词的后面，常见的系动词有 be,become, get, make, turn, keep, feel, look, seem, smell,
sound, taste 等。
e.g. : He looks happy today. Silk feels soft.
作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，表示宾语的性质状态等。
e.g. : He always makes us happy. 2.形容词名词化
某些形容词放在定冠词 the 之后，变成相应的名词，表示一类人。常见的词有：rich, young, old, black, white
等。
e.g. : We should respect the old and love the young.
注意：1) 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应该放在相应的名词之后
e.g. :——How long is the river
——It’s about two thousand meters long.
2) 只能作表语的形容词：afraid， alone, asleep , awake, alive , well, ill, frightened.
e.g. : The man is ill . (正确)
The ill man is my uncle.(错误)
易混易错点
-ing 形容词和-ed 形容词
-ing 用法 -ed 用法
interesting interested
surprising 表主动；多指 surprised 表被动；多指
exciting 事物对人的影 excited 人对事物的感
tiring 响，一般修饰 tired 受，主语一般
moving 事物； moved 是人；
frightening frightened
e.g. : What an exciting film ! We are excited at the news.
以-ly 结尾的形容词
许多形容词+ly 可以构成副词，但是有些以-ly 结尾的单词不是副词，而是形容词。如 friendly，deadly, lovely, likely, lively, ugly, brotherly.
有些以-ly 结尾的词，既可以为形容词，也可以为副词，如：weekly， monthly，yearly，early，daily 3)ill 和 sick 的区别：二者都可以作表语，作定语时只能用 sick,不能用 ill
e.g.: The sick woman is her aunt. (正确) The ill woman is her aunt. (错误) The woman is ill/ sick. (正确)
good, well, fine , nice 的区别
易混词 意义及用法说明 例句
good 形容词，作表语和定语，表示某种东西的质 量好，还可以表示人品好、人善良等 He is a good teacher.
well 既是形容词，也是副词，作形容词时，只作 表语，指身体健康 He is well enough to go to school.
fine 指天气好，人的气质好等 What a fine day today!
nice 指“令人喜悦的、讨人喜欢的”人、味道、言 语、天气等。 The girl looks nice.
二、副词
副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词或其他结构；
副词的位置：在动词之前；在 be 动词、助动词之后； 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词之后。
副词的排列顺序：1) 时间、地点副词：小单位在前，大单位在后
方式副词：短的在前，长的在后，并用 and 或 but 等连词连接。
多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词
常见的以-ly 结尾的副词
副词 含义 副词 含义 副词 含义
clearly 清楚地 directly 直接地 exactly 准确地
easily 容易地 especially 尤其，特别 happily 快乐地
properly 合适地 softly 温柔地 finally 最后，最终
quickly 快速地 suddenly 突然
副词的分类：程度副词，频度副词，时间副词，连接副词，疑问副词，地点副词
常见程度副词
常见时间副词
常见的频度副词
频度副词 含义 频度副词 含义 频度副词 含义
always 总是 twice 两次 never 从不
usually 通常 sometimes 有时 daily 每天
often 经常 seldom 很少
常见的连接副词
连接副词 含义 连接副词 含义 连接副词 含义
besides 此外，而且 then 于是，那么 anyway 而且
otherwise 否则 however 然后 instead 而不是，代替
therefore 因此 also 也
常见疑问副词
疑问副词 含义 用法 引导的从句
where 在哪里 对地点提问 宾语从句，定语从句
when 何时 对时间提问 宾语从句，定语从句
why 为什么 对原因提问 宾语从句，定语从句
how 怎样，如何 对方式提问 宾语从句
常见地点副词
地点副词 含义 地点副词 含义
here 在这儿 there 在那儿
outside 在外面 inside 在里面
anywhere 任何地方 everywhere 每个地方
home 在家，到家 away 在某距离外
常用易混副词（短语）
how long , how soon, how often, how far
易混短语 意义及用法 例句
how long 多久，多长时间，对一个持续的时间段提问，常 用“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”回答 How long have you been in here For about two months.
how soon 多块，多久以后，对一个短暂性动作提问，用于 一般将来时，常用“in+时间段”回答 How soon will you come back？ In five days.
how often 多长一次，对频率提问,常用 once/ twice/ three times a week 等回答 How often do you visit your mom Once a week.
how far 多远，对距离提问 How far is it from here to Beijing About 3000 kilometers.
too, either, also, as well
易混词 意义及用法 例句
too 也，一般用于肯定句中，放句末，逗号隔开 He likes English,too.
either 也，用于否定句，放句末，逗号隔开 I don’t know French, either.
also 也，放 be、情态动词、助动词后，行为动词前 I can also swim.
as well 也，用于肯定句，放句末，无逗号 I like you as well.
兼有两种形式的副词
close 近的 closely 仔细地
late 晚的 lately 最近地
deep 深的，空间深度 deeply 深深地，情感上
high 空间高度 highly 表程度，高度地
wide 空间宽度 widely 广泛地
free 免费的 freely 无限制地
三、形容词和副词的辨析
如何判断空格处使用形容词
位于系动词后作表语，如： The girl is very beautiful.
位于名词前作定语，如：Tell me your honest opinion.
在“基数词+名词复数（多为表示计量单位的名词如 year, meter）+形容词”结构中，如：He is about 5 years
old.
位于复合不定代词后，修饰复合不定代词，如：I have something important to tell you.
位于宾语之后作宾补，常与 make, leave, keep 等动词连用，如 You’d better keep the window open.
固定搭配中。如：be interesting in , be helpful to
如何判断空格处使用副词
①位于实义动词之前，或助动词、情态动词之后，常用频度副词，如：
I often go to the city mall on weekends.
②位于句首作状语，修饰整个句子，如：
Unfortunately, he was out.
③修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，如：
Be quiet ! He is reading carefully.
形容词与副词的转化
①加-ly 或去 e 加-ly. 如：careful → carefully ; usual → usually ; wide →widely
②以 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 加-ly. 如：easy → easily ； happy → happily;
③以 le 结尾的变 le 为 ly. 如：probable → probably ; simple → simply
【专项强化】一、单选
——It is raining outside.
——I don’t like rainy days. They make me .
A. sad B.afraid C. happy D.relaxed
We will have a field trip this afternoon.The news makes everyone .
A. excited B.frightened C. polite D.shy
Millie, now go to have a bot bath and have an early night, so that you will be for the journey tomorrow.
A. lazy B.proud C. safety D.advantage 4.——The secretary is .
——Yes , and she offered to show us around the office building.
A. gentle B.serious C.soft D.friendly
5.I feel much more about myself and I can do something by myself.
A. nervous B.confident C. tired D.worried
The more challenging the goal is , the more necessary it is for you to be with yourself.
A. angry B.honest C. careful D.patient
Nostalgia(《乡愁》)is one of Yu Guangzhong’ most famous poems. When I read it, I can feel his love for the mainland.
A. private B.deep C. similar D.lonely
The medicine tastes .But it is really good for your health after you take it.
A. terrible B.delicious C. sweet D.wonderful
You and I change all through the months and years,but the photograph remains the same.
A. never B.seldom C. sometimes D.always
I don’t know what her interests are,because we talk about work when we meet.
A. luckily B.safely C. mainly D.clearly
I am going to invite my parents to see the film Youth after school. It’s about their times and they will like it.
A. totally B.directly C. surely D.mostly
Alex was praised in class,because he did the project on community service better than any other student in his class.
A. so B.very C. much D.nearly
——You son used to be a homebody but he now likes outdoor activities. How did you do that ？
——I tried many ways over and over again. , I made it.
Next B.Then C. Finally D.Suddenly
——How will she deal with the work
——She does not want to do it by herself.She wants to ask someone else to do it .
A. however B.instead C. anyway D.yet
——Excuse me. I’d like to buy some books but I’m new here. Could you please tell me I can find a bookstore
——Follow me. I will take you there.
A.where B.which C. why D.when
二、请用所给词的正确形式填空。
It’s to stick your chopsticks into your food while you are having meals.
I’m so , and I want to drink some apple juice.
He is six feet and weighs 200 pounds. And he has a round face.
You shouldn’t speak to the old like that. After all, we will become old one day.
Sometimes it may be difficult to find the right words to express what we want to say . If this happens, we should calm down and organize our thoughts.
In London, the temperature changes , so the clothes people wear in each season are very different.
If we take turns to do the work, we can finish it .
The earlier kids learn to be independent, the more it is for their future. So parents should not always do everything for their children.
If more people ride bikes instead of driving cars, the air will get much in a few days.
My mother seldom goes shopping in the shopping centers because she thinks she can buy whatever she needs on the Internet with a price.
三、请填写出以下形容词相对应的副词形态
crazy heavy happy
angry certain wide
polite simple quick
true careful strict
【总结反思】
本次专题我学到了