2022暑假仁爱版英语八年级下册 专题四 冠词 讲义（无答案）

专题四 冠词
【考点展示】
掌握在具体语境中使用冠词
掌握定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词的混合使用
【知识梳理】
冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词之前，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种：不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词。
一、不定冠词 a / an
不定冠词 a (an)与数次 one 同源，是“一个”的意思。a 用于辅音音素前，an 用于元音音素前。
不定冠词 a，an 的用法
用法 例子
用于第一次提及的人或物前 There is a tree in front of my house.
代表某一类人或物 A bird can fly.
泛指某人或某物 A woman called you just now.
用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一” I want to have a third try.
用于某些固定搭配 have a good time
用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前 a knife and fork
用于表明比率、速度、价格等，有“每一” three times a week
注意：
判断一个单词前是用 a 还是 an , 要根据其读音，而不是字母。
要注意区别以 u 开头的单词：当 u 发音/ /音时，单词前用 an, 如：an ugly man, an umbrella; 当 u 发
/ju:/音时，单词前用 a,如：a useful book, a university.
含有 a 的常见固定搭配
a few ; a little ; a lot (of) ; a bit ; a piece of ; have a rest ; catch a cold ; have a walk; in a hurry ; take a seat
the + 序数词：仅指顺序第....个 如： the third one
a + 序数词：更侧重指“又，再一” 如：a third one
二、定冠词 the
定冠词 the 的用法
用法 例子
用于单数可数名词前表示某一类人或物 The horse is a useful animal.
用于世界上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe; the moon;
表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或物 Would you mind opening the door
用于序数词或形容词副词的最高级前 He is the tallest of all the students.
用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the rich ; the wounded
用于姓氏复数前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇” the Greens
由普通名词构成专有名词前 the Yellow River; the Great Wall
用于表示方位或西洋乐器名词的前 play the violin
用在表示具体的地点、方位、时间前 in the east; in the morning
方法技巧：
特指双熟悉，上文已提及，世上独无二，序数最高级，普通专有名，习语及乐器
用于某些固定搭配中
①the + 整十年份的复数表示某年代，如 in the 1990s
②其他固定搭配：
in the sky ; at the same time ; all the time ; in the end ; all the year round; in the morning /afternoon / evening ; by the way
三、零冠词
零冠词的用法
用法 例子
名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定 代词、疑问代词或名词所有格 My pen is much more expensive than yours. my son; this book; jack’s bike
物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等 专有名词和不可数名词前 Peking University
三餐、球类运动与棋类游戏 have breakfast ; play football
星期、月份、季节、节日前 in spring ; in March ; on Sunday ; on National Day
称呼语或表示头衔的名词前 Lincoln was made President of America.
表示交通方式的介词短语中 by train ; by air
复数名词表示一类人或事物时 Apples are sweet.
方法技巧：
下列情况不用冠，名词之前代词限； 复数名词表泛指，球类学科和三餐； 专有名词不可数，星期月份季节前；
交通手段和节日，习语称谓和头衔。
用于某些固定搭配中
go to school ; at home ; at once ; on time ; in trouble ;
day and night; face to face; watch TV; listen to music ; in danger ; on fire; on business
注意：有无冠词的区别
at the table 在桌子边 at table 在吃饭
at the school 在学校里 at school 在上学
by the sea 在海边 by sea 乘船
in the front of 在（范围内部）的前面 in front of 在（范围外部）的前面
in the future 在未来 in future 在今后
in the hospital 在医院里 in hospital （因病）住院
on the earth 在地球上 on earth 究竟
【专项强化】
1.——Do you know how to spell word “napkin”in English
——Yes.It begins with “n”.
the ; a B. the ; an C. a ; an D. the ; the 2. moon is very bright at night.
A. A B. An C. The D. / 3.Lang Lang is famous pianist. He plays piano very well.
A. a; the B.the; the C. the ; / D.a; / 4.——What would you like for dinner, Linda
——Three pieces of bread with cup of milk, please.
A. a; a B./; the C. / ; a D.a; the 5.——This is the film I’ve told you several times.
——It’s great. I’ve never seen more interesting one.
A. a; a B.the ; a C. the ; the D.a; the
Dangal (《摔跤吧！爸爸》)， Indian film, has become one of most popular films in China.
A. a; / B.the ; a C.an ; the D./; the 7.——Do you know girl with long curly hair
—— Yes, she is Mary. She plays tennis very well.
A. a; / B.the ;/ C. the ; the D.a; the
——What do you think of the boy
——He is honest student today and useful man tomorrow.
A. a; an B.an ; a C. an ; an D.a; a
——In London, dogs and their owners can enjoy hour-long free bus tour.
——Wow! I hope we can also have such service in Shanghai.
A. a B.an C. the D./
May 10,2017 was marked as first Chinese Brands Day（中国品牌日）.“Made in China”has come of age.
A. a B.an C. the D./
On Children’s Day, Jack received a prize for being honest boy.
A. a; the B./; an C./ ; a D.the ; a
Tim is eleven-year-old boy. He likes playing basketball.
A. /; a B. an; / C.an ; the D.a ; /
What worries him is that little money he makes can’t support family as large as his.
A. /; the B. a; the C./ ; a D.the ; a
English people have four meals day, and they usually have breakfast at 7:00.
A. an; the B. a; /
C.a ; the D.an ; / 15.——Don’t give up! Perhaps hard task needs more of your effort.
——I won’t. I will have second try anyway.
A. a; a B. the ; a C.a ; the D. the ; the
【总结反思】
本次专题我学到了