中考英语复习之名词

课件33张PPT。名 词
的
秘密名词的分类
名词的数
名词的格
名词变形容词名词：表示人、事物或抽象概念的词名词分类：Page ? 4 apple
banana
fish
chinken
meatsoap
cake
milk
chalk
watermelon
glue
soup
people
sandwich
hot dog
river
ice-cream
bread
flour
toothpasteCNUNExercise 1名词复数：+ss, x, ch, sh , + es 例外: stomachsf, fe ves 例外: roofs, beliefs 辅音＋y ies以o 结尾 +s 例外:tomatoes,
potatoes, heroes, Negroes规则不规则改元音单复数同形总是用复数词尾加s 复合名词单数变复数一般情况Page ? 6可数名词 一个: a/an
多个：
A.规则变化　
1. 单数名词词尾加s 　　
map→maps ，desk→desks
boy→boys ，table→tables
horse→horses /s/ 清辅音后/z/ 浊辅音和元音后/iz/ se,ce,ze,(d)ge结尾Page ? 72. s , x , sh , ch结尾的词加es. 　　
eg：class→classes,
box→boxes,
match→matches,
dish→dishesA.规则变化/iz/Page ? 8A.规则变化3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。
以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s 　　
eg：family→families , city→cities, party→parties
boy→boys,toy→toysPage ? 9A.规则变化4.以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。 　　
eg：shelf→shelves , wolf→wolves ,
life→lives , knife→knives，leaf →leaves, self-selves, shelf-shelves
★★ belief→beliefs
chief→chiefs
proof→proofs
roof→roofs
giraffe→giraffes The thieves’ wives cut the wolves into
halves with the knives on the shelves, which
lost their lives and lay on the dead leaves.
贼婆子+架子刀=半狼主义=命如枯叶 Those Negroes are heroes, who like eating
potatoes and tomatoes.
就算英雄是黑人，也爱番茄和土豆。
5,以o 结尾 +sPage ? 12不可数名词液：water,
粉：flour
肉：meat,
抽：love
膏：toothpaste
特：money，chalk，大特殊！！！单复意不同 单复意相关同义单复异ash 灰
air 空气
rain 雨，雨水
custom 习惯, 风俗
manner 方式
sand 沙
time 时间
work 工作
spirit 精神
water 水 ashes
airs
rains
customs
manners
sands
times
works
spirits
waters骨灰
风度
雨季
海关,关税
礼貌
沙滩
时代
工厂
烈酒
海域有些名词的单数和复数意义不同 :有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。glass ( 玻璃 )
paper ( 纸 )
iron ( 铁 )
wood (木头 )
gold (金子 )
youth (青春 )
power ( 力量 )
beauty ( 美 )
pleasure ( 愉快 )
experience(经验) a glass
a paper
an iron
a wood
a gold
a youth
a power
a beauty
a pleasure
an experience( 玻璃杯 )
( 报纸,论文 )
(熨斗 )
( 树林 )
(金牌 )
(年青人 )
( 大国 )
( 美人)
(使人愉快的事)
(经历)　 英语中有许多对名词，一个可数，一个不可数。a poem (一首诗 )
a machine (一台机器 )
a job (一件工作 )
a laugh (一个笑声 )
a loaf (一只面包 )
a hair (一根头发 )poetry (诗歌总称)
machinery(机器总称)
work (工作 )
laughter (笑声)
bread (面包 )
hair (头发)其他不规则变化 1.man:menwomen; chairmen2.oo:eefeet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese3.+enchild-children; ox-oxen4.ouse:icemouse-mice 5.单复数相同6.复合名词：film-goers; grown-ups sheep; deer; means; species; fish; Japanese; Chinese; Swiss; works; yuan ; jin1)词末+-s: 2)主体名词变为复数形式： passers-by
lookers-on; editors-in-chief; sons-in-law名词的格普通格：主格、宾格
所有格：’s vs of
’s 与 of 的区别
双重所有格
省略式
’s 形式’s形式概述
特殊用法
’s 概述主要用于有生命的东西
一般在词尾加’s
如有复数词尾-s，则只加’特殊用法（1）表示时间：an hour ’s drive
表示由人组成的集体：our government ’s policy
表示国家、城市等地方：Beijing ’s environment
表示某些机构活动等：the school ’s history
习语：for friendship ’s sake特殊用法（2）表示类别：a doctor ’s degree
表示动作的执行者：our teacher ’s praise
表示动作的承受者： children ’s education
of 形式无生命的东西（不能用’s 时）：the advantages of using computers
有生命的东西（定语较长时）：the support of the people all over the world’s 与of 的区别’s表示有生命的东西，或与人有关的时间、地点、机构等名词
of表示无生命的东西
’s表示类别或属性
名词后有定语时，只能用of
名词为the+adj时，只能用of双重所有格名词前有一个数量词或一个指示代词that时，要用双重所有格：
1.some books of the teacher’s
2.that smile of the boy’s
注：不能与定冠词the连用。省略式注意：以下情况可以省略所有格后的名词
This is not my book, but Xiao Lin’s.
I’m going to the tailor’s.
名词变形容词部分名词后加-y构成形容词，表示“具有……的”。
cloud → cloudy;
部分分词后加-ful 构成形容词，表示“……的性质”。
use → useful;
有些名词后加-less 构成形容词，表示“没有……的”。
care → careless;
有些名词后加-ous 构成形容词，表示“具有……性质的”。
danger → dangerous;
一些物质名词的后面加-en构成形容词。
wood → wooden; sun →
health →
care →
thank →
use →
hope →
fame →
gold →
wool → sunny
healthy
careful
thankful
useless
hopeless
famous
golden
woolen用所给名词的适当形式填空:
Look! There are a lot of _______(leaf) on the ground.
There are a few _________(people) in the room.
I want two __________(glass) of _________ (milk).
I have a lot of __________ (money) in my pocket.
People wear shoes on their _________ (foot).
The __________ ( woman) teachers are playing basketball.
There are some __________ (dumpling) on the plate.
Tom is at the ___________ (doctor).
Can you tell us the differences between buildings and _________ (house)?
The first room is the _________(teacher) office.leavespeopleglassesmilkmoneyfeetwomendumplingsdoctor’shousesteachers’中考连线:
He had a ___ visit to Canada last month. (02SZ)
A. ten days B. ten-day C. ten-days D. ten day
2. –Will you please make __ for the woman with a baby? (05SZ)
- Sure. Take my seat, please.
A. rooms B. the rooms C. a room D. some room
3. __mothers made them have piano lessons. (01SZ)
A. Peter and Anne B. Peter’s and Anne’s
C. Peter’s and Anne D. Peter and Anne’s
4. Let the children go away. They’re making too much __ here. (02 Shenyang)
A. noise B. voice C. noisy D. sounds________________________________–Can I help you, sir?
--Yes, I’d like five _____ and some peas.
A. potato B. tomatoes C. meat D. banana (2004.长沙)
2. –would you like something to drink, _____ or coffee?
--Coffee, please.
A. fruit B. tea C. meat D. bread (2004.北京海淀区)
3. I have four ____ and two _____.
A. boys friends, girl friend B. boy friends, girls friend
C. boy friends, girl friends C. boys friend, girls friend
4. Football is a popular ____ around the world.
A. match B. goal C. game D. play (2004. 安徽)________________________________________