中考英语专项复习--动词不定式

课件26张PPT。GrammarInfinitive 不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not/never to do”，不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for/of+名词或代词宾格”构成。
作主语To know something about English is one thing; to know English is quite another.
做那种事真是愚蠢.
To do that sort of thing is foolish.
= It is foolish to do that sort of thing.
比较:
Walking after supper is helpful.
To walk in the street this evening will be nice.不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。作表语e.g My task is to keep our classroom clean.
眼见为实：To See is to believe
Seeing is believing. 你要干的事就是尽快把这项工作做完。All you have to do is finish the job quickly.All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.作宾语 Fred didn’t have any money, so he decided to look for a job.
． He promised not to tell anyone about it.
I found it interesting to work with him.
[注]以下动词只能跟不定式做宾语：
afford, agree, ask, decide, demand, expect, fail, help, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, wish, attempt不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。 不定式动词在介词but，except后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。
例如： She could do nothing but cry．
她只会哭了。
I have no choice but to go．
我不得不走。
[注]作定语Do you have anything to say?
There are a lot of TV sets to choose from.(有许多电视可供挑选择)
We found a house to live in.（我们找到了一所房子住）
He is looking for a room to live in ．
他在找一个房间住。
There is nothing to worry about．
无什么可担心的。
Please give me a knife to cut with．
请给我把刀子来切东西。注①：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。He had no money and no place to live．他没钱没地方住。
She has a great wish to travel around the word.
He must keep the promise to pay within a month.一些要求不定式做宾语的动词转化为名词后,仍可带不定式做定语.如: agreement, attempt, decision, promise, wish, plan
Betty was the first to know the truth.
The easiest way to learn English is staying at an English family.名词前有序数词，最高级或next, only等修饰时．注2注3作状语目的状语:
He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.
原因状语:
They jumped with joy to hear the news.
方式状语:
He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.
不定式修饰作表语或宾补的形容词:
They thought you unwilling to tell the truth.I am very glad to hear it.结果状语:
I’m too tired to walk any further tonight.
不定式作结果状语的常用结构:
so + adj. / adv. + as to do… 如此… 以致于…
such + adj. + n. +as to do… 如此…以致于…
adj. / adv.+ enough + to do 足够…
too + adv. / adj. + to do 太…以致于不能…例如：
He is too old to do that．The room is big enough to hold us．作宾补动词+宾语+带to的不定式:
She asked me to stay there.
Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, drive,
tell, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hire, intend,
invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, require,
teach, want, warm表示见解、看法的动词+宾语+带to的不定式：
We found the rumor to be true.
I consider him to have done wrong.believe, consider, declare, discover, feel(认为),
find, imagine, judge, suppose, think,
understand. to be 或
to have done表示好恶的动词+宾语+带to的不定式：
I like people to tell the truth.
Do you prefer me to do the work by myself?dislike, like, prefer, hate, love, want动词短语+宾语+带to的不定式：
I’m waiting for you to reply.
You can depend on Jack to help you.arrange for, ask for, call on, count on,
long for, depend on, rely on, wait for知觉动词+宾语+不带to的不定式
I heard the clock tick.
I liked to listen to the birds sing when I get up early in the morning.see, notice, watch,
look at, observe, hear,
listen to, feel使役动词+宾语+不带to的不定式
Don’t make the children do such heavy work.
Shall I have him come here?have, make, letThey shouldn’t be made to do such heavy work.但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时，就
必须带to。 To tell the truth，I don't agree with you．
说实话，我不同意你的观点。
To tell you the truth,
To be frank ,
To be exact,
To begin with,
To make a long story short,
作独立成分 who，which，
when，where ,how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。
例如：
He didn't know what to say. (宾语)
How to solve the problem is very important ?（主语）
My question is when to start．(表语)

不定式与疑问词注意:在与why连用时,只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。
例如：
Why not have a rest? of（品质） / for （特征） sb. to do* It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…
eg: It is brave of him to save the girl in the water.
例如：kind, nice, good, brave, clever, wise, stupid, foolish, honest, careless, cruel, generous etc.
*It is +adj.+for sb.(用宾格) +to do…
eg.1: It is not difficult for us to learn English well.
例如：difficult, wonderful, meaningful,
useful, painful,
不定式的逻辑主语：当不定式在某些词后充当成分时，常可省略动词原形，但要保留不定式的符号“to”1） 形容词后不定式的省略，如：happy, glad, eager, anxious, ready…
---Would you mind looking after my cat?
---Not at all. I am happy to.不定式的省略 ---Will you go to the cinema with us?
---Sorry, I don’t want to.
（2） 动词后不定式的省略， 如： like, love, care, wish , hope, want, expect, prefer, mean, try, oblige, advise, persuade…（3） 宾语补足语中的省略， 如： ask, tell, order, persuade, advise, permit, allow…The boy wants to ride his bike in the street, but his mother tells him not to（4） 在某些固定用法中的省略，如：ought to, have to, used to, be able to，be going to
---Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
---I was going to, but I had an unexpected visitor.
注意：如果动词为be和have时，保留该词。 Do you want to be a teacher?
Yes,I want to be.Robert is said ___ abroad, but I didn’t know what country he studied in.
A to have studied B to study
C to be studying D to have been studying
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ___ it more difficult.
A not make B not to make
C not making D do not make
3. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ___ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect
C to be expecting D expectsHaving a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ___ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ____.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
6. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learningWe agreed ___ here but so far she hasn’t turned out yet.
A. having met B. meeting
C. to meet D. to have met
8. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
9. The patient was warmed __ oily food after the operation.
to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating
10. I would love ___ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going
D. having goneGOODBYE