中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第04讲 Pollution has caused too many problems
【暑假预习课】2022年九年级上册英语暑假精品课（仁爱版）
【基础知识】
一、词汇拓展记忆
1．pollute ___________(名词)
2．breathe ______________(名词)
3．harm ____________(形容词)
★ be harmful to / do harm to对……有害
4．recent ______________ (副词)
5．produce ____________ (名词)
6．pain _____________ (形容词)
7．including ______________(动词)
8．environment ___________ (形容词)
9．butterfly _____________ (复数)
10．comfortable ______________ (反义词)
11．pleasant ____________ (反义词)
12．health ___________ ____________ (形容词－副词)
答案：
1.pollution 2.breath 3.harmful
4.recently 5.production 6.painful
7.include 8.environmental 9.butterflies
10.uncomfortable 11.unpleasant 12.healthy,healthily
二、重点词组短语
1．把……倒入pour...into
2．砍树cut down trees
3．更糟糕的是what’s worse
4．对……有害的be harmful to/do harm to
5．心情好/差in a good/bad mood
6．写信给write to
7．发出太多噪音make too much noise
8．乱扔throw...around
9．失聪，丧失听力hearing loss/lose their hearing
10．高血压high blood pressure
11．变聋go deaf
12．与……一样差no better than
13．公共场合in public
14．导致某人做…… cause sb.to do
15．尽力做某事try to do sth.
16．对……不好be bad for
【考点剖析】
1．There are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream.
有几家工厂正往小溪里排放废水。
There be＋主语＋doing＋介词短语， several “若干个”。
There is a truck collecting rubbish outside.有一辆垃圾车在外面收垃圾。
(1)there be 句型结构中可用动词分词表示伴随动作，如：There are some birds singing to us in the tree.
(2)several与复数名词连用，比a few多一点，但不如many多，表示不确定的数量；lots of，plenty of“许多，大量”，some“一些”，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，many“许多”，后接可数名词复数；a little“一点儿”，much“许多”，后接不可数名词。
【即学即练】
①There is a wallet ________ on the ground.
A．lying B．is lying C．lie
②I saw the movie ________ times.
much B．few C．several
答案：A C
2．Human polluted the sea，so I don’t live happily.人类污染了大海，所以我生活的不快乐。
pollute v．污染
The river has been polluted with toxic waste from local factories.当地工厂排放的有毒废弃物污染了这条河。
(1)pollute动词，意为“污染，弄脏”；
(2)pollution名词，意为“污染，污染物”，如： air pollution, noise pollution, water pollution。
【即学即练】
①These gases ________ (pollution) the air of towns and cities.
②The men were clearing all the __________(pollute) off the beach.
答案：pollute pollution
3．I’ve got a pain in my throat.我咽喉疼痛。
pain n．疼痛
His disappearance caused his parents a great deal of pain.他的失踪使双亲悲痛万分。
(1)pain“疼，痛苦”，常指身体或精神上的痛苦，形容词是painful；
(2)ache“痛”，指(人)身体的疼痛，往往用于表示持续的疼痛，或因一些小病引起的感觉，常是局部的；ache也可和表示痛的部位名词组成新词，如headache，stomachache，而pain不行。
【即学即练】
①我全身都痛。
I have ________ all over.
②我腿痛。
I have a(n) ________ in my leg.
答案：pains pain
4．I can’t bear the environment here.我不能忍受这儿的环境。
bear v．承受，忍受
I can’t bear such a boring job.我无法忍受如此无聊的工作。
(1)bear作动词，意为“承受，忍受”，有背负重物的感觉，同义词stand 较随意，比bear有更积极的忍耐之意；
(2)bear还可作“结果实，生(孩子、幼畜)”解；
(3)bear作名词，意为“熊”。
【即学即练】
①I can’t bear him ________ (be) always late.
②All the ________(熊) can be dangerous.
答案：being bears
5．What’s worse，the factory makes too much noise.更糟的是，工厂产生太多的噪音。
too much 太多
(1)too much中的中心词是 much，后面跟不可数名词，意思是“太多的……”；
(2)too many太多的，中心词是 many，用法与 many 相同，用来修饰复数可数名词；
(3)much too 中的中心词是 too，后面跟形容词或副词，意思是“非常，太”。
①My cousin is ______ heavy because he often eats _______ fast food.
A．too much；too many B．too many；too much
C．much too；too much D．too much；much too
②He has got ________ questions to ask you.
A．too many B．too much C．much too
答案：D A
6．How long have you been like this 你像这样多长时间了？
how long “多长”，提问for＋一段时间；how soon “多久”，提问将来的一段时间； how often “多久一次”，提问频度； how far “多远”，问路程；how much “多少”，提问不可数名词的数量或问价格。
【即学即练】
①—________ will you go back to your hometown
—In a week.
A．How long B．How far C．How soon
②—Sally，I heard you’re going to America.______will you stay there
—Two whole years.
A．How soon B．How long C．How often
③—Do you know ________a 5-day trip to Hong Kong costs
—I guess it’s about ￥4,000.
how much B．how long C．how soon
答案：A B A
7．Not all people know noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to humans’ health.不是所有的人都知道噪音也是一种污染并对人类的健康有害。
be harmful to对……有害
Your smoking can be harmful to the health of your children.你吸烟会影响到你孩子的健康。
(1)harmful形容词，“(尤指对健康或环境)有害的”，反义词harmless无害的；
(2)harm名词或动词，“伤害”，短语do harm to “对……有害处”，与be harmful to 意思相近；
(3)not all...，“不是全部……”，属于部分否定的意思。
【即学即练】
①Fruit juice can be ________(harm) to children’s teeth.
②Did the storm do any ________(harmful) to the crops
答案：harmful harm
四、功能语法
一般过去时与现在完成时的辨析
【要点1】一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调过去的动作与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响。一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“have/has＋动词的过去分词”。如：
I have visited a museum.(说明现在对博物馆有所了解)
I visited a museum last week.(只说明上周参观博物馆这个动作)
【要点2】一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语如yesterday，last week，ago，just now，in 2005 等连用；而现在完成时则常与just，already，ever，never 等副词或since，for等表示一段时间的状语连用。如：He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.
He lived in Beijing 8 years ago.
【要点3】现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能继续延续下去，而一般过去时则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历。如：
I have reviewed two lessons this morning.
I reviewed two lessons this morning.
【过关检测】
一、单项选择
1．Although it is ________ to wear a helmet for a long time, it can protect your head.
A．special B．uncomfortable C．crowded D．unsure
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：虽然长时间戴头盔不舒服，但它可以保护你的头部。
考查形容词的词义辨析。special特殊的；uncomfortable不舒服的；crowded拥挤的；unsure不确定的。根据“wear a helmet for a long time”可知长时间戴头盔会感觉不舒服。故选B。
2．Laws should be made to keep people from cutting ________ trees in order to protect our environment.
A．out B． short C． off D．down
【答案】D
【详解】
句意：为了保护我们的环境，应当制定法律来阻止人们砍伐树木。
考查动词短语。cut out裁剪；cut short缩短；cut off切断；cut down砍伐。根据“Laws should be made to keep people from cutting…tree in order to protect our environment.”可知，此处指的是“砍伐树木”，因此用“cut down”。故选D。
3．Tina and her parents visited England ______. They had a good time there.
A．hardly B．probably C．suddenly D．recently
【答案】D
【详解】
句意：蒂娜和她的父母最近参观了英国。他们在那里玩得很开心。
考查副词辨析。hardly几乎不；probably大概，或许，可能；suddenly意外地，忽然地；recently最近。根据“They had a good time there.”可知，他们在英国待了一段时间，结合选项，应该指的是最近。故选D。
4．Spending too much time playing computer games ________ our eyes.
A．is harm to B．is injured for C．is badly to D．is harmful to
【答案】D
【详解】
句意：花太多时间玩电脑游戏对我们的眼睛有害。
考查形容词短语。根据“Spending too much time playing computer games...our eyes.”可知，玩太多游戏对眼睛有害；be harmful to“对……有害”。故选D。
5．—Has John invited you to his birthday party
—Yes. But I ________ his invitation, because I have to prepare for the coming speech contest.
A．turned down B．cut down C．pulled down
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：——约翰邀请你去他的生日派对了吗？——是的。但是我拒绝了他的邀请，因为我得为即将到来的演讲比赛做准备。
考查动词短语辨析。turned down拒绝；cut down削减；pulled down拆毁。根据“But I... his invitation, because I have to prepare for the coming speech contest.”可知，为了准备演讲比赛所以拒绝了邀请。故选A。
6．Although the man’s words make me feel ________, I won’t do something impolite to him.
A．uncomfortable B．satisfied C．strange D．enjoyable
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：尽管那个男人的话让我感到不舒服，我不会做对他不礼貌的事。
考查形容词辨析。uncomfortable不舒服的；satisfied满意的；strange奇怪的；enjoyable令人愉快的。Although引导让步状语从句，后一句表示“我”不会做对他不礼貌的事，所以前一句表示他做了对我不好的事，因此此处表示他的话让我不舒服，故选A。
7．I live next to a supermarket, so it’s ________ for me to do some shopping.
A．crowded B．valuable C．convenient D．awful
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：我住在超市旁边，所以购物很方便。
考查形容词辨析。crowded拥挤的；valuable有价值的；convenient方便的；awful令人讨厌的。根据“I live next to a supermarket”可知，此处指购物很方便，convenient“方便的”，形容词，符合语境。故选C。
8．—People in China usually eat noodles ________ their birthdays.
—Yes, and they never cut ________ the long noodles.
A．on; down B．to; up C．to; down D．on; up
【答案】D
【详解】
句意：——中国人通常在生日那天吃面条。——是的，而且他们从不切长面条。
考查时间介词和动词短语。表示在具体的某一天，用介词on；cut down“砍倒”；cut up“切断”。分析句意可知此处表示“他们从不切断长面条”。故选D。
9．—Have you finished your homework —Not _____. I_____TV last night.
A．already, have watched B．yet, watched
C．just, watch D．ever, watches
【答案】B
【详解】
试题分析：句意：你完成作业了吗？还没有。我昨天晚上看电视了。现在完成时中，already和yet都可以表示“已经”的意思，already用于肯定句，放在句中或句尾，yet用于否定句或疑问句中，放在句尾，第一个空填yet，最后一个句子时间状语是last night，是过去时态，用过去式watched，所以选B。
考点: 考查副词的用法和时态。
10．Pollution does harm to our health and it makes people_____.
A．to feel terrible B．feel terrible C．to feel terribly D．feel terribly
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：污染对我们的健康有害，它使人感到可怕。考查动词短语辨析题。make sb.do让/使某人做……，固定表达，可排除AC两项。feel是感官动词，相当于系词，后接形容词，可排除C。根据句意结构和语境，可知选B。
11．There is _____ pollution in the world. We must stop it.
A．much too B．too much C．many too D．too many
【答案】B
【详解】
试题分析：句意为：世界上的污染太严重了，我们必须控制它。much too太，修饰形容词或副词；too much 太多，修饰不可数名词；too many 太多，修饰可数名词。根据句意和空后的pollution可知答案选B。
考点：考查短语。
12．In the past, my grandpa cut ______ trees and cut them ______ for firewood.
A．down; up B．up; down C．out; up D．off; down
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：在过去，我的爷爷砍倒树，把他们切碎做成柴火。
考查动词辨析。cut down砍伐；cut up切碎；cut out切断，删去；cut off切断联系、供应。根据句意可知，第一个空表示把树砍倒，用cut down；第二个空表示切碎成木柴，用cut up。故选A。
13．---What are you going to do next weekend
---I _____ yet. Do you have any good ideas
A．haven't decided B．won't decide
C．have decided D．didn't decide
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：你打算下个周末做什么 我还没有作出决定。你有什么好想法吗 根据yet一词可知该用现在完成时态的否定形式，所以选A。
二、语法填空
What is pollution Dirty air, waste water, ___14___ [ l t (r)] and other dirty things are all pollution. We can see some of ____15____(pollute), but others we can’t. Yet we’re eating it, drinking it and __16__(breathe ) it most of the time. People have ___17___ ( create) lots of pollution and you can see it almost everywhere on the planet, even far-away places like the Arctic which are ___18___ ( bad) polluted by harmful chemicals made by people.
Scientist have found the chemicals in the bodies of polar bears(北极熊), seals(海豹)and the people who live with them. Pollution is ____19____(harm)to many living things. It has killed many ___20___(animal )and made others sick. It has also killed people and made them ill, too. There's nowhere on the planet left __21__ pollution, even at the bottom (海底) of the sea or high up in the air. Pollution has caused many problems and the government of many countries are trying to ____22____ [s lv] them. With less pollution our world will be better, ___23___ please protect our environment.
Let’s work together to make our world more beautiful.
【答案】
14．litter
15．pollution
16．breathing
17．created
18．badly
19．harmful
20．animals
21．without
22．solve
23．so
【分析】
这是一篇关于环境污染的文章。水污染、空气污染、废弃物污染，样样都无处不在，甚至北极地区都发现了有害的化学物质。许多国家都致力于解决这些污染问题。没有污染，我们的世界会更好，所以请保护我们的环境。
【解析】
14．
句意：污浊的空气、废水、垃圾和其他脏的东西都是污染。根据音标提示可知英文表达是litter，意为“垃圾，废弃物”，不可数名词。故填litter。
15．
句意：我们可以看到一些污染，但另一些我们看不到。some of后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词；pollute的名词为pollution“污染”，是不可数名词。故填pollution。
16．
句意：但我们大部分时间都在吃它，喝它，呼吸它。句中的and表示并列关系，eating和drinking都是动名词，因此breath也用动名词。故填breathing。
17．
句意：人们已经制造了许多污染。根据“you can see it almost everywhere on the planet, even far-away places like the Arctic”判断，污染这件事情已经发生，时态为现在完成时，其结构是：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词。故填create的过去分词created。
18．
句意：即使是遥远的地方，如北极地区，也被人类制造的有害化学物质严重污染。此处是一般现在时的被动语态，polluted是动词，因此用副词来修饰。故填badly。
19．
句意：污染对许多生物有害。is是系动词，后跟形容词作表语。be harmful to“对……有害”。故填harmful。
20．
句意：它杀死了许多动物，并使其他动物生病。many后跟可数名词复数。故填animals。
21．
句意：地球上没有一个地方没有污染，即使是在海底或高空。根据“There's nowhere on the planet left…pollution, even at the bottom (海底) of the sea or high up in the air.”可知，这句话描述了污染的广泛性，此处需用介词without“无，没有”，此处是说没有一个地方没有污染。故填without。
22．
句意：污染带来了许多问题，许多国家的政府正在努力解决这些问题。根据音标提示可知英文表达是solve，意为“解决”，动词；此处是try to do sth. 尽力做某事，需用动词原形。故填solve。
23．
句意：污染越少，我们的世界就会越美好，所以请保护我们的环境。句子“With less pollution our world will be better,”与句子“please protect our environment.”之间存在着因果关系，因此需用连词so引导。故填so。
三、用所给单词的正确形式填空
24．People are trying their best to stop water ________ (pollute).
【答案】pollution
【详解】
句意：人们正在尽最大的努力去阻止水污染。“水污染”复合名词作宾语，所以此处应填pollute“污染”的名词形式pollution，不可数名词，应填原形。故填pollution。
25．Loud music makes me _____ and I want to leave. (comfortable)
【答案】uncomfortable
【详解】
句意：大声的音乐让我不舒服，我想离开。根据“I want to leave”可知，想离开是因为感到不适，所以想离开，应用comfortable对应的反义词uncomfortable“不舒适的”。故填uncomfortable。
26．He has learned a lot of survival skills, ________ fishing in a river. (include)
【答案】including
【详解】
句意：他学会了很多生存技能，包括在河里钓鱼。 此句已有谓语动词has learned，故此空应填介词including“包括”，故填including。
27．Some people don’t know too much fruit juice can be ________ to children’s teeth. (harm)
【答案】harmful
【详解】
句意：有些人不知道喝太多的果汁会对孩子的牙齿有害。根据空前的be及空后的“to children’s teeth.”可知，此处是be harmful to sth“对……有害”，固定短语。故填harmful。
28．The project’s purpose is to clean up _______ (pollute) land.
【答案】polluted
【详解】
句意：该项目的目的是清理被污染的土地。分析句子可知，此处修饰名词“land”，应用形容词形式polluted“受污染的”作定语。故填polluted。
29．Mr Wang’s son has created a comic strip ________ and it’ll be published in February. (recent)
【答案】recently
【详解】
句意：王先生的儿子最近创作了一部连环漫画，将于二月份出版。recent“最近的”，形容词；根据“Mr Wang’s son has created a comic strip”可知，此处应填副词，与现在完成时连用，作状语。故填recently。
30．Many factories _________(produce) cars.
【答案】are producing##produce##produced
【详解】
句意：许多工厂正在生产/生产汽车。根据Many factories _____(produce) cars.可知，本句没有明显的时间截点，所以用现在进行时、一般现在时和一般过去时都可以，主语Many factories为复数，无论使用哪一种时态，要注意动词的变化形式；故答案填are producing/ produce/ produced。
31．We must pay attention to the ________ (environment) protection.
【答案】environmental
【详解】
句意：我们必须注意环境保护。根据空前的“the”及空后的“protection”可知，空处填形容词，“environment”的形容词为“environmental”，故填environmental。
四、根据首字母填空
32．Don’t eat junk food. It’s h________ to your health.
【答案】(h)armful
【详解】
句意：不要吃垃圾食品。 这对你的健康有害。 is后接形容词作表语，根据“Don’t eat junk food. It’s …to your health”可知，垃圾食品对健康有害，be harmful to“对……有害”，故填(h)armful。
33．Here are 58 workers in total, not i________ those who are absent today.
【答案】(i)ncluding
【详解】
句意：这里总共有58个工人，不包括今天缺席的那些人。根据“Here are 58 workers in total...those who are absent today”并结合首字母可知，此处使用including“包括”，介词，表示“不包括的缺席的人一共有58人”。故填(i)ncluding。
34．Don’t stay up late often, because it’s h__________ to your health.
【答案】(h)armful
【详解】
句意：不要经常熬夜，因为对你的健康有害。根据“Don’t stay up late”以及首字母并结合常识可知熬夜对健康有害处，作be动词的表语用形容词harmful“有害的”。故填(h)armful。
35．It is our duty not to p________ our environment.
【答案】(p)ollute
【详解】
句意：不污染环境是我们的责任。it is our duty not to do sth.“不去做某事是我们的职责”，根据“our environment”可知，此处是不污染环境，pollute“污染”，是动词，故填(p)ollute。
36．My uncle works in a factory that p_____toy cars.
【答案】(p)roduces
【详解】
句意：我的叔叔在生产玩具车的工厂工作。produce生产，且先行词the factory在从句中作主语，是单数，故填(p)roduces。
37．I’ve been really busy r________ so I haven’t been out too much.
【答案】(r)ecently
【详解】
句意：我最近真的很忙，所以没有经常外出。根据“I’ve been...”可知，主句时态为现在完成时，再结合首字母r可知，此空应填时间副词“recently（最近）”作状语。故填(r)ecently。
38．—Have you seen any good films r ________
—I think Amazing China is a must-see.
【答案】recently
【详解】
句意：——你最近看过什么好电影吗？——我觉得《厉害了，我的中国》是必看的。
分析句子“Have you seen any good films… ”可知，句子不缺主要成分，且时态是现在完成时，结合首字母提示可知，recently最近，副词作状语，符合语境。故填recently。
39．He has p ________ in the arm.
【答案】pains
【详解】
句意：他手臂疼。根据句意可知，空格上应该填名词；根据首字母提示可推测，这里表示的是：手臂疼。要填单词pain，表示身体某部位的疼痛、痛苦时，是可数名词，而且常常要用复数。故空格上填pain的复数形式pains。故填pains。
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第04讲 Pollution has caused too many problems
【暑假预习课】2022年九年级上册英语暑假精品课（仁爱版）
【基础知识】
一、词汇拓展记忆
1．pollute ___________(名词)
2．breathe ______________(名词)
3．harm ____________(形容词)
★ be harmful to / do harm to对……有害
4．recent ______________ (副词)
5．produce ____________ (名词)
6．pain _____________ (形容词)
7．including ______________(动词)
8．environment ___________ (形容词)
9．butterfly _____________ (复数)
10．comfortable ______________ (反义词)
11．pleasant ____________ (反义词)
12．health ___________ ____________ (形容词－副词)
二、重点词组短语
1．把……倒入pour...into
2．砍树cut down trees
3．更糟糕的是what’s worse
4．对……有害的be harmful to/do harm to
5．心情好/差in a good/bad mood
6．写信给write to
7．发出太多噪音make too much noise
8．乱扔throw...around
9．失聪，丧失听力hearing loss/lose their hearing
10．高血压high blood pressure
11．变聋go deaf
12．与……一样差no better than
13．公共场合in public
14．导致某人做…… cause sb.to do
15．尽力做某事try to do sth.
16．对……不好be bad for
【考点剖析】
1．There are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream.
有几家工厂正往小溪里排放废水。
There be＋主语＋doing＋介词短语， several “若干个”。
There is a truck collecting rubbish outside.有一辆垃圾车在外面收垃圾。
(1)there be 句型结构中可用动词分词表示伴随动作，如：There are some birds singing to us in the tree.
(2)several与复数名词连用，比a few多一点，但不如many多，表示不确定的数量；lots of，plenty of“许多，大量”，some“一些”，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，many“许多”，后接可数名词复数；a little“一点儿”，much“许多”，后接不可数名词。
【即学即练】
①There is a wallet ________ on the ground.
A．lying B．is lying C．lie
②I saw the movie ________ times.
much B．few C．several
2．Human polluted the sea，so I don’t live happily.人类污染了大海，所以我生活的不快乐。
pollute v．污染
The river has been polluted with toxic waste from local factories.当地工厂排放的有毒废弃物污染了这条河。
(1)pollute动词，意为“污染，弄脏”；
(2)pollution名词，意为“污染，污染物”，如： air pollution, noise pollution, water pollution。
【即学即练】
①These gases ________ (pollution) the air of towns and cities.
②The men were clearing all the __________(pollute) off the beach.
3．I’ve got a pain in my throat.我咽喉疼痛。
pain n．疼痛
His disappearance caused his parents a great deal of pain.他的失踪使双亲悲痛万分。
(1)pain“疼，痛苦”，常指身体或精神上的痛苦，形容词是painful；
(2)ache“痛”，指(人)身体的疼痛，往往用于表示持续的疼痛，或因一些小病引起的感觉，常是局部的；ache也可和表示痛的部位名词组成新词，如headache，stomachache，而pain不行。
【即学即练】
①我全身都痛。
I have ________ all over.
②我腿痛。
I have a(n) ________ in my leg.
4．I can’t bear the environment here.我不能忍受这儿的环境。
bear v．承受，忍受
I can’t bear such a boring job.我无法忍受如此无聊的工作。
(1)bear作动词，意为“承受，忍受”，有背负重物的感觉，同义词stand 较随意，比bear有更积极的忍耐之意；
(2)bear还可作“结果实，生(孩子、幼畜)”解；
(3)bear作名词，意为“熊”。
【即学即练】
①I can’t bear him ________ (be) always late.
②All the ________(熊) can be dangerous.
5．What’s worse，the factory makes too much noise.更糟的是，工厂产生太多的噪音。
too much 太多
(1)too much中的中心词是 much，后面跟不可数名词，意思是“太多的……”；
(2)too many太多的，中心词是 many，用法与 many 相同，用来修饰复数可数名词；
(3)much too 中的中心词是 too，后面跟形容词或副词，意思是“非常，太”。
①My cousin is ______ heavy because he often eats _______ fast food.
A．too much；too many B．too many；too much
C．much too；too much D．too much；much too
②He has got ________ questions to ask you.
A．too many B．too much C．much too
6．How long have you been like this 你像这样多长时间了？
how long “多长”，提问for＋一段时间；how soon “多久”，提问将来的一段时间； how often “多久一次”，提问频度； how far “多远”，问路程；how much “多少”，提问不可数名词的数量或问价格。
【即学即练】
①—________ will you go back to your hometown
—In a week.
A．How long B．How far C．How soon
②—Sally，I heard you’re going to America.______will you stay there
—Two whole years.
A．How soon B．How long C．How often
③—Do you know ________a 5-day trip to Hong Kong costs
—I guess it’s about ￥4,000.
how much B．how long C．how soon
7．Not all people know noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to humans’ health.不是所有的人都知道噪音也是一种污染并对人类的健康有害。
be harmful to对……有害
Your smoking can be harmful to the health of your children.你吸烟会影响到你孩子的健康。
(1)harmful形容词，“(尤指对健康或环境)有害的”，反义词harmless无害的；
(2)harm名词或动词，“伤害”，短语do harm to “对……有害处”，与be harmful to 意思相近；
(3)not all...，“不是全部……”，属于部分否定的意思。
【即学即练】
①Fruit juice can be ________(harm) to children’s teeth.
②Did the storm do any ________(harmful) to the crops
四、功能语法
一般过去时与现在完成时的辨析
【要点1】一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调过去的动作与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响。一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“have/has＋动词的过去分词”。如：
I have visited a museum.(说明现在对博物馆有所了解)
I visited a museum last week.(只说明上周参观博物馆这个动作)
【要点2】一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语如yesterday，last week，ago，just now，in 2005 等连用；而现在完成时则常与just，already，ever，never 等副词或since，for等表示一段时间的状语连用。如：He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.
He lived in Beijing 8 years ago.
【要点3】现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能继续延续下去，而一般过去时则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历。如：
I have reviewed two lessons this morning.
I reviewed two lessons this morning.
【过关检测】
一、单项选择
1．Although it is ________ to wear a helmet for a long time, it can protect your head.
A．special B．uncomfortable C．crowded D．unsure
2．Laws should be made to keep people from cutting ________ trees in order to protect our environment.
A．out B． short C． off D．down
3．Tina and her parents visited England ______. They had a good time there.
A．hardly B．probably C．suddenly D．recently
4．Spending too much time playing computer games ________ our eyes.
A．is harm to B．is injured for C．is badly to D．is harmful to
5．—Has John invited you to his birthday party
—Yes. But I ________ his invitation, because I have to prepare for the coming speech contest.
A．turned down B．cut down C．pulled down
6．Although the man’s words make me feel ________, I won’t do something impolite to him.
A．uncomfortable B．satisfied C．strange D．enjoyable
7．I live next to a supermarket, so it’s ________ for me to do some shopping.
A．crowded B．valuable C．convenient D．awful
8．—People in China usually eat noodles ________ their birthdays.
—Yes, and they never cut ________ the long noodles.
A．on; down B．to; up C．to; down D．on; up
9．—Have you finished your homework —Not _____. I_____TV last night.
A．already, have watched B．yet, watched
C．just, watch D．ever, watches
10．Pollution does harm to our health and it makes people_____.
A．to feel terrible B．feel terrible C．to feel terribly D．feel terribly
11．There is _____ pollution in the world. We must stop it.
A．much too B．too much C．many too D．too many
12．In the past, my grandpa cut ______ trees and cut them ______ for firewood.
A．down; up B．up; down C．out; up D．off; down
13．---What are you going to do next weekend
---I _____ yet. Do you have any good ideas
A．haven't decided B．won't decide
C．have decided D．didn't decide
二、语法填空
What is pollution Dirty air, waste water, ___14___ [ l t (r)] and other dirty things are all pollution. We can see some of ____15____(pollute), but others we can’t. Yet we’re eating it, drinking it and __16__(breathe ) it most of the time. People have ___17___ ( create) lots of pollution and you can see it almost everywhere on the planet, even far-away places like the Arctic which are ___18___ ( bad) polluted by harmful chemicals made by people.
Scientist have found the chemicals in the bodies of polar bears(北极熊), seals(海豹)and the people who live with them. Pollution is ____19____(harm)to many living things. It has killed many ___20___(animal )and made others sick. It has also killed people and made them ill, too. There's nowhere on the planet left __21__ pollution, even at the bottom (海底) of the sea or high up in the air. Pollution has caused many problems and the government of many countries are trying to ____22____ [s lv] them. With less pollution our world will be better, ___23___ please protect our environment.
Let’s work together to make our world more beautiful.
三、用所给单词的正确形式填空
24．People are trying their best to stop water ________ (pollute).
25．Loud music makes me _____ and I want to leave. (comfortable)
26．He has learned a lot of survival skills, ________ fishing in a river. (include)
27．Some people don’t know too much fruit juice can be ________ to children’s teeth. (harm)
28．The project’s purpose is to clean up _______ (pollute) land.
29．Mr Wang’s son has created a comic strip ________ and it’ll be published in February. (recent)
30．Many factories _________(produce) cars.
31．We must pay attention to the ________ (environment) protection.
四、根据首字母填空
32．Don’t eat junk food. It’s h________ to your health.
33．Here are 58 workers in total, not i________ those who are absent today.
34．Don’t stay up late often, because it’s h__________ to your health.
35．It is our duty not to p________ our environment.
36．My uncle works in a factory that p_____toy cars.
37．I’ve been really busy r________ so I haven’t been out too much.
38．—Have you seen any good films r ________
—I think Amazing China is a must-see.
39．He has p ________ in the arm.
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