中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第05讲 All these problems are very serious
【暑假预习课】2022年九年级上册英语暑假精品课（仁爱版）
【基础知识】
一、词汇拓展记忆
1．although ____________(近义词)
2．nearly ___________(近义词)
3．behavior ______________(动词)
4．discover _______________(名词)
5．shortage _____________(形容词)
6．complete _____________(副词)
答案：
1. though 2.almost 3.behave
discovery 5.short 6.completely
二、重点词组短语
1．变成change into
2．阻止……做某事stop...from doing sth.
3．吹/刮走……blow away
4．(水)冲走……wash...away
5．保护环境protect the environment
6．灭绝die out
7．到处here and there
8．关爱，关心care for/ look after/take care of
9．摘花pick flowers
10．浇灌植物water plants
11．公共场合in public
12．制定规则make rules
13．遵守规则obey/follow the rules
14．违反规则break the rules
15．全世界all over/around/throughout the world
16．避免做某事avoid doing sth.
17．被……覆盖be covered with
18．短缺be short of
【考点剖析】
1．Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.树可以阻止风刮走土壤。
stop...from doing 阻止做……
How can I stop him from smoking 我怎样才能阻止他吸烟？
(1)stop doing “停止做……”，对于已经在进行的事情而言；
(2)stop to do 指停止在做的事而去做另一件事，如：He felt tired and he stopped to have a rest.
【即学即练】
①The heavy rain didn’t stop them ________ working on.
A．of B．from C．to
②He looked up to stop the tears from ________.
A．falling B．fall C．fell
③He stopped ________ on his doctor’s advice and became healthy.
A．to drink B．drink C．drinking
答案：B A C
2．Although we have built “The Green Great Wall”，we still need to do something to protect the environment.虽然我们建起了“绿色长城”，我们还是需要做些事情来保护环境。
although conj.虽然；即使；纵然
Maybe I’m not very healthy，although I have one healthy eating habit.也许我不太健康，尽管我有健康的饮食习惯。
(1)although＝though，意为“虽然；即使；纵然”，可以引导让步状语从句。
(2)although不能和but用在同一个句子中，但可以和yet用在同一个句子中。类似的不能用于同一句中的词还有because和so。
【即学即练】
①They will try their best in the Dragon Boat Racing ____ they may fail.
A．if B．although C．unless D．until
②You shouldn’t stay up too late，____ computer games are fun to play.
A．and B．because C．unless D．though
答案:B D
3．None of us like pollution.我们都不喜欢污染。
none pron.没有一个，毫无
We invited 10 people to the party，but none actually came.
我们邀请了10个人来参加聚会，可最后谁都没来。
(1)neither两者都不， none(三者以上)没有一个，all (三者以上)都，both (两者)都，either两者中任一个，each每一个；
(2)当neither，nobody，no one，nothing等不定代词作主语时，句中谓语动词使用单数形式，none作主语时谓语动词单复数形式皆可。
【即学即练】
①—The frozen yogurt tastes like ice cream but has ________ of the fat.
—It suits me fine.I’m on a diet.
A．none B．neither C．all
②Mom bought some new clothes and ________ of them are in style.
A．none B．all C．both
③—Do you like rock music or light music
— ________.I like Beijing Opera.
A．Either B．None C．Neither
④—What would you like to drink，tea or coffee
—________ is OK，but I prefer coffee with milk.
A．None B．Either C．Neither
答案:A B C B
4．It causes the level of the oceans to rise and the climate of the earth to change.它使海平面升高，地球的气温发生变化。
rise vi.上升；起床；升起
Since then，the popularity of basketball has risen worldwide.从那时起，篮球(运动)在世界范围内普及开来。
(1)rise的一词多义：
(2)rise(rose，risen)，“升起；上升；起床”，不及物动词，说明主语自身移向较高的位置；raise(raised，raised)，“举起；提起；抬高”，及物动词，说明主语发出的动作使其他事物移向较高的位置。如：We usually raise the national flag when the sun rises.我们通常在太阳升起的时候升国旗。
【即学即练】
①太阳升起的时候，我们已经到了山顶。
We had already got to the top of the hill when the sun ________.
②We are all looking forward to ________ more than $6，500 for the Oxfam(乐施会)．
raise B．raising C．be raised D．being raised
答案:rose B
5．We should discover ways to reuse water.我们应该找到能够重复使用水的方法。
discover v．发觉；发现
I discovered that the most important requirement was to speak English well.我发现最重要的要求就是英语要说得好。
(1)discover“发觉；发现”， 常指通过调查、实验等，发现已存在但尚未被人们了解、认识或挖掘到的事物、真相等。
(2)find“找到；发现”， 多指“偶然发现、碰到”，后接名词、复合结构或从句。
(3)find out“找出；查明；发现”， 指通过观察、分析发现事实的真相，通过调查、研究找出原因或发现秘密、错误等。
【即学即练】
①—Who first ________ America
—It’s Columbus.
A．built B．found C．discovered D．made
②我发现他难以相处。
I ________ it difficult to get on with him.
③请查一查火车何时离开。
Please ________ ________ when the train will leave.
答案:B find find out
6．While nearly 3/4 of the earth is covered with water，we are still short of drinking water.尽管地球的四分之三都是被水覆盖，但我们还是缺乏饮用水。
nearly adv.几乎，将近
I have worked here for nearly two years.我已经在这里工作了将近两年。
(1)nearly和 almost意思相近，表示“几乎”，大多数情况下可换用。
(2)almost所表达的程度比nearly更接近些。almost可与否定词no，none，nothing等连用，nearly不可；在具体数字前常用nearly。
(3)be covered with “被……覆盖”，属于被动语态结构；
(4)be short of “缺乏……”。
【即学即练】
①She ________ never watches TV.
A．almost B．seldom C．nearly
②The building is ________ twenty meters high.
A．hardly B．nearly C．nearby
答案:A B
7．How can we avoid a serious water shortage 我们怎样才能避免严重的水资源短缺？
avoid v．防止，避免
Fortunately, we were able to avoid an accident.我们幸而逃过一场事故。
(1)avoid动词，意为“避免，躲开”，形容词为avoidable“可以避免的”；
(2)构成短语：avoid doing sth.避免做某事。
【即学即练】
①她总是躲避我的目光。
She kept ________ my eyes.
②I tried to avoid ________(meet) him because he always bored me.
答案:avoiding meeting
四、功能语法
不定代词和不定副词
【要点1】常见的复合不定代词、不定副词：somebody，something，somewhere用于肯定句；anybody，anyone，anything，anywhere 用于否定句或疑问句。如：
I have something to tell you.
Does anybody live on the island
【要点2】形容词修饰复合不定代词时，要放在所修饰词的后面，作后置定语。如：
There is nothing serious.
Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper
【要点3】复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：
Everyone likes English.
Everything goes well.
【要点4】不定代词none，neither的用法。
none指 “三者或三者以上都不”，作主语时谓语动词用单数或复数均可，常和of 连用构成none of...结构；neither 指“两个人或物中一个也不，两者都不”。如：
None of the books are/is interesting.
I know neither of the two men.
【过关检测】
一、单项选择
1．—I heard you have your own car, Cindy
—Yes. ________ it is not new, it runs well and I love it.
A．Because B．So C．Although D．But
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：——我听说你有自己的车，辛迪？——是的。虽然它不是新的，但运行良好，我喜欢它。
考查连词辨析。Because因为；So所以；Although虽然；But但是。根据前句“it is not new,”和后句“it runs well and I love it.”句意可知，空处的词引导让步状语从句，故应用Although“虽然”。故选C。
2．________ it’s early in the morning, many old people practise Tai Chi in the square.
A．As B．If C．Though D．Unless
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：虽然天很早，但是许多老人就在广场上练太极。
考查连词辨析。as随着；if如果；though虽然；unless除非。根据“it’s early in the morning”和“many old people practise Tai Chi in the square”之间构成让步关系，应该使用“虽然”。故选C。
3．—Where would you like to go next week, Beijing or Tianjin
—________ is OK. It’s up to you.
A．Both B．None C．Either
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：——下周你想去哪里，北京还是天津？——哪一个都可以。 由你决定。
考查不定代词的用法。Both两者都；none都不，指三者及三者以上；Either任何一个。根据“Beijing or Tianjin”可知，此处指两者之间，排除B选项；Both作主语，be动词用复数，而原句用的是单数，排除A选项。故选C。
4．We couldn’t buy anything because ________ of the shops were open.
A．all B．both C．nothing D．none
【答案】D
【详解】
句意：我们不能买任何东西因为没有一家商店开门。
考查不定代词辨析。all（三者或三者以上）都；both（两者）都；nothing没有什么；none（三者或三者以上）都不。根据“We couldn’t buy anything”和“the shops were open.”可知商店都没有开门，商店应该不止一家，因此应该用none。故选D。
5．________ of his parents is in good health, but ________ of them work hard.
A．Neither; both B．None; all C．Neither; either D．Both; none
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：他的父母身体都不好，但工作都很努力。
考查代词辨析。neither两者都不；both两者都；none三者或三者以上都不；all三者都；either两者之一。根据“his parents”可知是两人，排除B，再由“is”可知第一空用Neither，排除D；结合“work”可知第二空表示两者都，用both，排除C。故选A。
6．—How much bread do we have at home
—________. Would you please go and get some
A．No B．Nothing C．None D．Nobody
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：——我们家里有多少面包？——一点也没有，请你去买一些好吗？
考查代词词义辨析。no没有；nothing没有东西；none没有一个；nobody没有人。根据how much bread“多少面包”可知，此处对数量提问，且知道具体人或物，应用none回答。故选C。
7．Christopher Columbus ________ America while Edison ________ the light bulb.
A．invented; discovered B．invented; invented
C．discovered; discovered D．discovered; invented
【答案】D
【详解】
句意：克里斯托弗·哥伦布发现了美洲，而爱迪生发明了电灯泡。
考查动词辨析。discover发现，指发现已经存在但不为人所知的事物；invent发明，指发明从前没有或不存在的事物。第一空是指发现存在但不为人知的美洲；第二空指发明了以前不存在的电灯泡。故选D。
8．________ of the two teenagers show great interest in talking about computer games.
A．All B．Neither C．Both D．None
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：这两个青少年都对谈论电脑游戏表现出极大的兴趣。
考查代词辨析。all都（三者及以上）；neither都不（两者）；both都（两者）；none都不（三者及以上）。根据“the two teenagers”可知，此处指两者，排除A和D选项。根据“show”可知，both修饰主语，谓语用原形，而neither修饰主语，谓语用三单，故选C。
9．According to a survey, _______ three fifths of mothers in China don’t want to have a second child.
A．mostly B．especially C．partly D．nearly
【答案】D
【详解】
句意：根据一项调查，中国近五分之三的母亲不想要二胎。
考查副词辨析。mostly主要地；especially特别；partly部分地；nearly几乎。根据“three fifths of mothers in China don’t want to have a second child”可知，几乎五分之三的母亲不想要二胎，故选D。
10．A traffic accident happened on this street this morning. Luckily, _________ was hurt.
A．someone B．anyone C．nobody D．everybody
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：今天早上这条街上发生了一起交通事故。幸运的是，没有人受伤。
考查复合不定代词。someone某人；anyone任何人；nobody没有人；everybody每个人。根据“Luckily”可知，没人受伤，故选C。
二、短文语境提示填空
阅读下面短文，并借助上下文补充所缺信息。每个空格只能填写一个形式正确，与短文内容意思相符的英语单词。答案请写在答题卷对应题号的位置上。
We all wear masks during COVID-19 pandemic(新冠疫情期). But we also have to throw them ____11____ after a short time. This could become ____12____ serious environmental problem, scientists believed.
Researchers in the US and Denmark did a ____13____. It shows in the study ____14____ people around the world are now using about 129 billion masks every month.
Elvis Genbo Xu, a professor ____15____ Denmark, said “Disposable(一次性的)masks are plastic products. They can ____16____ be biodegraded(生物降解). Instead, they break into smaller plastic parts and spread widely in the environment.” No doubt that the disposable masks are making a lot of pollution. ____17____, we still have no recycling plans for them. Scientists believed that there could soon be “ ____18____ masks than sharks” in the sea.
Researchers have ____19____ the government to set up mask-only trash bins to recycle masks. _____20_____ have also called for more people to use reusable cotton masks to reduce mask waste.
【答案】
11．away
12．a
13．study
14．that
15．from
16．hardly
17．However
18．more
19．advised##suggested
20．They
【导语】
本文主要讲述了我们扔掉的口罩可能会造成一个严重的环境问题。
【解析】
11．
句意：但我们也必须在短时间内把它们扔掉。根据下文“This could become...serious environmental problem, scientists believed.”可知，此处是把口罩扔掉。短语throw… away“把……扔掉”，故填away。
12．
句意：科学家们认为，这可能会成为一个严重的环境问题。此处表示泛指一个严重的环境问题，用不定冠词，serious首字母是辅音音素，用不定冠词a，故填a。
13．
句意：美国和丹麦的研究人员进行了一项研究。根据“It shows in the study… people around the world are now using about 129 billion masks every month.”可知，此处是进行一项研究，study“研究”，是名词，不定冠词a后加名词单数。故填study。
14．
句意：这项研究显示，世界各地的人们现在每月使用约1290亿个口罩。根据“people around the world are now using about 129 billion masks every month.”可知，此处是that引导的宾语从句，故填that。
15．
句意：丹麦教授Elvis Genbo Xu说，“一次性口罩是塑料制品”。此处是来自丹麦的教授，用介词from“来自”，故填from。
16．
句意：它们很难被生物降解。根据“Instead, they break into smaller plastic parts and spread widely in the environment.”可知，此处是说口罩几乎不能降解，hardly“几乎不”，是副词，故填hardly。
17．
句意：然而，我们仍然没有针对它们的回收计划。根据“we still have no recycling plans for them.”可知，此处表示转折关系，however“然而”，是副词，故填However。
18．
句意：科学家们相信，海洋中很快就会有“比鲨鱼更多的口罩”。根据“than sharks”可知，此处是口罩比鲨鱼更多，此处用much的比较级more，故填more。
19．
句意：研究人员已经建议政府设立只装口罩的垃圾箱，回收口罩。根据“the government to set up mask-only trash bins to recycle masks.”可知，此处是研究人员已经建议，根据语境是现在完成时，其结构是have/has done的形式，advise/suggest“建议”，是动词，过去分词是advised/suggested，故填advised/suggested。
20．
句意：他们还呼吁更多人使用可重复使用的棉质口罩，以减少口罩浪费。根据上文“Researchers have…the government to set up mask-only trash bins to recycle masks.”可知，此处是指研究人员，此处用they来代替Researchers，they“他们”，是人称代词，作主语，故填They。
三、用所给单词的正确形式填空
21．Newton was known for ________ (discover) the Theory of Gravity.
【答案】discovering
【详解】
句意：牛顿因发现万有引力理论而闻名。be known for doing sth“因为……而闻名”，此处应该用动名词作宾语。故填discovering。
22．To keep students safe on their way to school, we should do what we can _______(avoid) school bus accidents.
【答案】to avoid
【详解】
句意：为了保证学生上学途中的安全，我们应该尽我们所能来避免校车事故。分析句子结构可知，空处应是动词不定式作目的状语，其构成形式为：to do。故填to avoid。
23．I’m sorry you are ________ (complete) wrong. You’ve made a serious mistake.
【答案】completely
【详解】
句意：对不起，你完全错了。你犯了一个很严重的错误。complete“完全的，彻底的”，形容词。句子中complete位于be动词之后，形容词之前，此处是修饰形容词wrong，应该用其副词形式completely，故填completely。
24．Do you know who ________(discover) America in 1492？
【答案】discovered
【详解】
句意：你知道1492年谁发现了美洲吗？根据“in 1492”可知时态为一般过去时，discover的过去式为discovered，故填discovered。
25．—My grandpa learns English for two hours every day, ________ (although/since) he is over 70.
—Really We should learn from him.
【答案】although
【详解】
句意：——我爷爷每天学两个小时英语，尽管他已经70多岁了。——真的吗？我们应该向他学习。although虽然、尽管；since自从。根据“My grandpa learns English for two hours every day,”以及“he is over 70.”可知，前后句之间存在让步关系，所以用although引导让步状语从句，故选although。
四、完成句子
26．尽管捕鱼人70多岁了，他看起来很健壮。
________ the fisherman ________ over 70, he ________ very ________.
【答案】Although is looks strong
【详解】
although“虽然”；look“看起来”，是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，strong“健壮的”，是形容词，look very strong“看起来很健壮”。此处描述这个捕鱼人，用一般现在时。主语the fisherman和he都是第三人称单数形式，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填Although；is；looks；strong。
27．这些孩子自从他们的班主任离开后就无法无天了。
The children __________________________ since their head teacher left.
【答案】have been completely out of control
【详解】
根据“since”可知，应该使用现在完成时，根据“The children”可知，应该使用“have done”；“be completely out of control”意为“完全失去控制”，“be”的过去分词为“been”。故填have been completely out of control。
28．——很多中国制造的商品在全世界很流行。
——是的。美国人几乎不能避免购买中国的商品。
—Many products ________ ________ ________ are very popular around the world.
—Yes. Americans can ________ ________ ________ Chinese products.
【答案】made in China hardly avoid buying
【详解】
由汉语和英语翻译可知，“中国制造的”译成：made in China，作定语；“几乎不”译成：hardly；“避免做某事”译成：avoid doing sth.；“买”译成：buy；can情态动词，后跟动词原形。故填made；in；China；hardly；avoid；buying。
29．虽然他不富有，但他很快乐。
_______ he doesn’t have ____ money, he is still happy.
【答案】Though much
【详解】
根据中英文对照可知，缺少“尽管”和“富有”。though尽管，富有可译为have much money，money为不可数名词，用much修饰，且空位于句首，故填Though和much。
30．我们直愣愣地盯着燃烧着的大楼上升起的黑烟，无法相信这一切。
We stared ____________ disbelief at the black smoke ____________ above the burning building.
【答案in rising
【详解】
根据中英文对照可知，“直愣愣地”表示人们是难以置信的状态；in disbelief“难以置信地”，固定短语；rise“升起”，动词，此处用其现在分词形式rising表示smoke与rise之间是主动关系。故填in；rising。
五、根据汉语提示填空
31．He is thoughtful and he is always used to ________（避免）bringing trouble to others.
【答案】avoiding
【详解】
句意：他很体贴，他总是习惯于避免给别人带来麻烦。avoid“避免”，是动词，固定短语be used to doing sth“习惯做某事”，故填avoiding。
32．We must be careful, for COVID-19 hasn’t ________ (完全地) disappeared in our country.
【答案】completely
【详解】
句意：我们必须小心，因为新冠病毒疾病在我国并没有完全消失。completely“完全地”，副词，修饰谓语动词。故填completely。
33．Although Jenny is only 12 years old，she’s ________ (几乎) as tall as her father.
【答案】nearly
【详解】
句意：虽然珍妮只有12岁，但她几乎和她父亲一样高。空处用副词修饰动词is，几乎：nearly，副词。故填nearly。
34．The sun ________ (上升) slowly over the horizon and night gave place to day.
【答案】rose
【详解】
句意：太阳慢慢地从地平线升起，黑夜代替了白天。根据汉语提示可知，此空指rise“上升”，根据“and night gave place to day”，此空使用动词过去式。故填rose。
35．At first ________ (没有人) bought his products, so he had no money.
【答案】nobody
【详解】
句意：一开始没有人买他的产品，所以他没有钱。根据中文提示可知，此空应填不定代词nobody“没有人”作主语。故填nobody。
36．David goes to work by bike every day to ________ (避免) the rush hour and get some exercise.
【答案】avoid
【详解】
句意：为了避免高峰时间并得到一些锻炼，大卫每天骑自行车上班。avoid动词，表示“避免”，此处为不定式表目的，应用动词原形，故填avoid。
37．I was so busy that I ________ (完全地)forgot that it is my birthday today.
【答案】completely
【详解】
句意：我太忙了, 完全忘了今天是我的生日。根据汉语提示可知，空处填写completely“完全地”，修饰动词forgot。故填completely。
38．_________________ (尽管) the number of ancient Chinese poems in the textbooks of primary and secondary schools has increased, many students still learn them for exams.
【答案】Although##Though
【详解】
句意：虽然中国中小学教科书中的古诗数量有所增加，但许多学生仍为考试而学习。本句是让步状语从句，“尽管”although/though，都可引导让步状语从句放于句首，故填Although/Though。
39．It’s ________ (几乎) eight o’clock now; the meeting is going to be held.
【答案】nearly##almost
【详解】
句意：现在快八点了；会议即将召开。根据汉语提示可知，“几乎”英文表达是“nearly/almost”。故填nearly/almost。
40．Scientists around the world are working to ________ (发现) a cure for COVID-19.
【答案】discover
【详解】
句意：世界各地的科学家正在努力工作以发现COVID-19的治愈方法。发现：discover，动词，不定式符号to后跟动词原形。故填discover。
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第05讲 All these problems are very serious
【暑假预习课】2022年九年级上册英语暑假精品课（仁爱版）
【基础知识】
一、词汇拓展记忆
1．although ____________(近义词)
2．nearly ___________(近义词)
3．behavior ______________(动词)
4．discover _______________(名词)
5．shortage _____________(形容词)
6．complete _____________(副词)
二、重点词组短语
1．变成change into
2．阻止……做某事stop...from doing sth.
3．吹/刮走……blow away
4．(水)冲走……wash...away
5．保护环境protect the environment
6．灭绝die out
7．到处here and there
8．关爱，关心care for/ look after/take care of
9．摘花pick flowers
10．浇灌植物water plants
11．公共场合in public
12．制定规则make rules
13．遵守规则obey/follow the rules
14．违反规则break the rules
15．全世界all over/around/throughout the world
16．避免做某事avoid doing sth.
17．被……覆盖be covered with
18．短缺be short of
【考点剖析】
1．Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.树可以阻止风刮走土壤。
stop...from doing 阻止做……
How can I stop him from smoking 我怎样才能阻止他吸烟？
(1)stop doing “停止做……”，对于已经在进行的事情而言；
(2)stop to do 指停止在做的事而去做另一件事，如：He felt tired and he stopped to have a rest.
【即学即练】
①The heavy rain didn’t stop them ________ working on.
A．of B．from C．to
②He looked up to stop the tears from ________.
A．falling B．fall C．fell
③He stopped ________ on his doctor’s advice and became healthy.
A．to drink B．drink C．drinking
2．Although we have built “The Green Great Wall”，we still need to do something to protect the environment.虽然我们建起了“绿色长城”，我们还是需要做些事情来保护环境。
although conj.虽然；即使；纵然
Maybe I’m not very healthy，although I have one healthy eating habit.也许我不太健康，尽管我有健康的饮食习惯。
(1)although＝though，意为“虽然；即使；纵然”，可以引导让步状语从句。
(2)although不能和but用在同一个句子中，但可以和yet用在同一个句子中。类似的不能用于同一句中的词还有because和so。
【即学即练】
①They will try their best in the Dragon Boat Racing ____ they may fail.
A．if B．although C．unless D．until
②You shouldn’t stay up too late，____ computer games are fun to play.
A．and B．because C．unless D．though
3．None of us like pollution.我们都不喜欢污染。
none pron.没有一个，毫无
We invited 10 people to the party，but none actually came.
我们邀请了10个人来参加聚会，可最后谁都没来。
(1)neither两者都不， none(三者以上)没有一个，all (三者以上)都，both (两者)都，either两者中任一个，each每一个；
(2)当neither，nobody，no one，nothing等不定代词作主语时，句中谓语动词使用单数形式，none作主语时谓语动词单复数形式皆可。
【即学即练】
①—The frozen yogurt tastes like ice cream but has ________ of the fat.
—It suits me fine.I’m on a diet.
A．none B．neither C．all
②Mom bought some new clothes and ________ of them are in style.
A．none B．all C．both
③—Do you like rock music or light music
— ________.I like Beijing Opera.
A．Either B．None C．Neither
④—What would you like to drink，tea or coffee
—________ is OK，but I prefer coffee with milk.
A．None B．Either C．Neither
4．It causes the level of the oceans to rise and the climate of the earth to change.它使海平面升高，地球的气温发生变化。
rise vi.上升；起床；升起
Since then，the popularity of basketball has risen worldwide.从那时起，篮球(运动)在世界范围内普及开来。
(1)rise的一词多义：
(2)rise(rose，risen)，“升起；上升；起床”，不及物动词，说明主语自身移向较高的位置；raise(raised，raised)，“举起；提起；抬高”，及物动词，说明主语发出的动作使其他事物移向较高的位置。如：We usually raise the national flag when the sun rises.我们通常在太阳升起的时候升国旗。
【即学即练】
①太阳升起的时候，我们已经到了山顶。
We had already got to the top of the hill when the sun ________.
②We are all looking forward to ________ more than $6，500 for the Oxfam(乐施会)．
raise B．raising C．be raised D．being raised
5．We should discover ways to reuse water.我们应该找到能够重复使用水的方法。
discover v．发觉；发现
I discovered that the most important requirement was to speak English well.我发现最重要的要求就是英语要说得好。
(1)discover“发觉；发现”， 常指通过调查、实验等，发现已存在但尚未被人们了解、认识或挖掘到的事物、真相等。
(2)find“找到；发现”， 多指“偶然发现、碰到”，后接名词、复合结构或从句。
(3)find out“找出；查明；发现”， 指通过观察、分析发现事实的真相，通过调查、研究找出原因或发现秘密、错误等。
【即学即练】
①—Who first ________ America
—It’s Columbus.
A．built B．found C．discovered D．made
②我发现他难以相处。
I ________ it difficult to get on with him.
③请查一查火车何时离开。
Please ________ ________ when the train will leave.
6．While nearly 3/4 of the earth is covered with water，we are still short of drinking water.尽管地球的四分之三都是被水覆盖，但我们还是缺乏饮用水。
nearly adv.几乎，将近
I have worked here for nearly two years.我已经在这里工作了将近两年。
(1)nearly和 almost意思相近，表示“几乎”，大多数情况下可换用。
(2)almost所表达的程度比nearly更接近些。almost可与否定词no，none，nothing等连用，nearly不可；在具体数字前常用nearly。
(3)be covered with “被……覆盖”，属于被动语态结构；
(4)be short of “缺乏……”。
【即学即练】
①She ________ never watches TV.
A．almost B．seldom C．nearly
②The building is ________ twenty meters high.
A．hardly B．nearly C．nearby
7．How can we avoid a serious water shortage 我们怎样才能避免严重的水资源短缺？
avoid v．防止，避免
Fortunately, we were able to avoid an accident.我们幸而逃过一场事故。
(1)avoid动词，意为“避免，躲开”，形容词为avoidable“可以避免的”；
(2)构成短语：avoid doing sth.避免做某事。
【即学即练】
①她总是躲避我的目光。
She kept ________ my eyes.
②I tried to avoid ________(meet) him because he always bored me.
四、功能语法
不定代词和不定副词
【要点1】常见的复合不定代词、不定副词：somebody，something，somewhere用于肯定句；anybody，anyone，anything，anywhere 用于否定句或疑问句。如：
I have something to tell you.
Does anybody live on the island
【要点2】形容词修饰复合不定代词时，要放在所修饰词的后面，作后置定语。如：
There is nothing serious.
Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper
【要点3】复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：
Everyone likes English.
Everything goes well.
【要点4】不定代词none，neither的用法。
none指 “三者或三者以上都不”，作主语时谓语动词用单数或复数均可，常和of 连用构成none of...结构；neither 指“两个人或物中一个也不，两者都不”。如：
None of the books are/is interesting.
I know neither of the two men.
【过关检测】
一、单项选择
1．—I heard you have your own car, Cindy
—Yes. ________ it is not new, it runs well and I love it.
A．Because B．So C．Although D．But
2．________ it’s early in the morning, many old people practise Tai Chi in the square.
A．As B．If C．Though D．Unless
3．—Where would you like to go next week, Beijing or Tianjin
—________ is OK. It’s up to you.
A．Both B．None C．Either
4．We couldn’t buy anything because ________ of the shops were open.
A．all B．both C．nothing D．none
5．________ of his parents is in good health, but ________ of them work hard.
A．Neither; both B．None; all C．Neither; either D．Both; none
6．—How much bread do we have at home
—________. Would you please go and get some
A．No B．Nothing C．None D．Nobody
7．Christopher Columbus ________ America while Edison ________ the light bulb.
A．invented; discovered B．invented; invented
C．discovered; discovered D．discovered; invented
8．________ of the two teenagers show great interest in talking about computer games.
A．All B．Neither C．Both D．None
9．According to a survey, _______ three fifths of mothers in China don’t want to have a second child.
A．mostly B．especially C．partly D．nearly
10．A traffic accident happened on this street this morning. Luckily, _________ was hurt.
A．someone B．anyone C．nobody D．everybody
二、短文语境提示填空
阅读下面短文，并借助上下文补充所缺信息。每个空格只能填写一个形式正确，与短文内容意思相符的英语单词。答案请写在答题卷对应题号的位置上。
We all wear masks during COVID-19 pandemic(新冠疫情期). But we also have to throw them ____11____ after a short time. This could become ____12____ serious environmental problem, scientists believed.
Researchers in the US and Denmark did a ____13____. It shows in the study ____14____ people around the world are now using about 129 billion masks every month.
Elvis Genbo Xu, a professor ____15____ Denmark, said “Disposable(一次性的)masks are plastic products. They can ____16____ be biodegraded(生物降解). Instead, they break into smaller plastic parts and spread widely in the environment.” No doubt that the disposable masks are making a lot of pollution. ____17____, we still have no recycling plans for them. Scientists believed that there could soon be “ ____18____ masks than sharks” in the sea.
Researchers have ____19____ the government to set up mask-only trash bins to recycle masks. _____20_____ have also called for more people to use reusable cotton masks to reduce mask waste.
三、用所给单词的正确形式填空
21．Newton was known for ________ (discover) the Theory of Gravity.
22．To keep students safe on their way to school, we should do what we can _______(avoid) school bus accidents.
23．I’m sorry you are ________ (complete) wrong. You’ve made a serious mistake.
24．Do you know who ________(discover) America in 1492？
25．—My grandpa learns English for two hours every day, ________ (although/since) he is over 70.
—Really We should learn from him.
四、完成句子
26．尽管捕鱼人70多岁了，他看起来很健壮。
________ the fisherman ________ over 70, he ________ very ________.
27．这些孩子自从他们的班主任离开后就无法无天了。
The children __________________________ since their head teacher left.
28．——很多中国制造的商品在全世界很流行。
——是的。美国人几乎不能避免购买中国的商品。
—Many products ________ ________ ________ are very popular around the world.
—Yes. Americans can ________ ________ ________ Chinese products.
29．虽然他不富有，但他很快乐。
_______ he doesn’t have ____ money, he is still happy.
30．我们直愣愣地盯着燃烧着的大楼上升起的黑烟，无法相信这一切。
We stared ____________ disbelief at the black smoke ____________ above the burning building.
五、根据汉语提示填空
31．He is thoughtful and he is always used to ________（避免）bringing trouble to others.
32．We must be careful, for COVID-19 hasn’t ________ (完全地) disappeared in our country.
33．Although Jenny is only 12 years old，she’s ________ (几乎) as tall as her father.
34．The sun ________ (上升) slowly over the horizon and night gave place to day.
35．At first ________ (没有人) bought his products, so he had no money.
36．David goes to work by bike every day to ________ (避免) the rush hour and get some exercise.
37．I was so busy that I ________ (完全地)forgot that it is my birthday today.
38．_________________ (尽管) the number of ancient Chinese poems in the textbooks of primary and secondary schools has increased, many students still learn them for exams.
39．It’s ________ (几乎) eight o’clock now; the meeting is going to be held.
40．Scientists around the world are working to ________ (发现) a cure for COVID-19.
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