高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单元分组测试（Word版，有答案）

高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册Unit3单元分组测试
Unit 3　Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Asian elephants are an endangered species. Their numbers are somewhere between 39,000 44,000 and they spread across the vast continent—though almost half are located in India.
The main threat faced by Indian elephants, like all Asian elephants, is loss of habitat, which then results in human elephant conflict. In South Asia, an ever increasing human population has led to much illegal occupation of elephant habitat. Many construction projects of roads and railway tracks also break habitat into separate areas. Unable to mix with other groups, they run the risk of reproducing. Habitat loss also forces elephants into farmers' fields for food. Once a farmer's crops are destroyed, a conflict between humankind and the elephant is unavoidable.
Even if suitable habitat exists, illegal hunting remains a threat to elephants in many areas. In 1989, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) banned the international trade in ivory (象牙). However, there are still some ivory markets in a number of countries which make an illegal international trade. Although most of this ivory comes from poaching African elephants, Asian elephants are also poached for their ivory, as well as for their skin.
Catching wild elephants has become another threat to some wild populations, seriously reducing some numbers. Men would catch elephants to live with them and carry their heavy loads. India, Vietnam and Myanmar have banned catching elephants in order to protect their wild groups, but in some countries elephants are still caught each year for tourist industries. Tourists pay to ride the animals to the scenic spots to have their pictures taken.
Why are their numbers becoming so desperate It is time that we humans should pause and reflect.
1．Which is the main cause of human elephant conflict
A．The loss of the elephants' habitat.
B．The construction of new roads.
C．The failure of the elephants' reproduction.
D．The increase of human population.
2．What does the underlined word “poaching” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Raising. B．Stealing.
C．Illegally hunting. D．Fiercely fighting.
3．Why do people catch wild elephants
A．To decrease the elephants' numbers.
B．For industrial research.
C．To watch over people's homes.
D．For family use and income.
4．What's the best title of the text
A．Reflection on Ivory Trade
B．Asian Elephants Are in Danger
C．Effects of Protecting Elephants
D．Indians Face Elephant Problems
B
World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.
The very first World Environment Day took place in 1974, established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the human environment that took place in 1972.Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.
The latest World Environment Day was hosted by India, and the theme was Beat Plastic Pollution. It urged people to explore and choose alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which makes up 10% of all of the waste. Even though the United Nations picks a specific host city every year, people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades (游行), concerts, cleaning, tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.
World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you won't be getting the day off work or school, but if you want to celebrate, why not bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues or classmates World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by planting gardens, learning about green foods, raising money for a local wildlife conservation group or simply learning about the effects of different products on the earth.
5．Why was World Environment Day set up
A．To make people know more about nature.
B．To ask people to help to protect the globe.
C．To warn people of the danger of air pollution.
D．To encourage people to plan for the earth's future.
6．What do people do on World Environment Day
A．Decide a host city.
B．Hold a theme party.
C．Discuss environmental ideas.
D．Show some plastic products.
7．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to“disposable” in Paragraph 3
A．High cost. B．Poor quality.
C．Second hand. D．Single use.
8．What's the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Every bit of effort counts.
B．Doing is better than saying.
C．Many hands make light work.
D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
Ⅱ.完形填空
My twin sister, Dawn, born with cerebral palsy (脑瘫) , has to wear braces (支架) on her legs and walk with the help of a stick, often causing people to __1__ and point.
As Dawn was the only “different” child in our neighborhood, we were constantly made fun of. We never had any friends because of her condition. I began to __2__ Dawn and was embarrassed to be seen with her. So I did everything to get her into trouble to __3__ her being born mentally and physically disabled.
When I turned twelve, my mother was so displeased with my behavior. She figured I was __4__ enough to know better. One day she gave me a thick yellow book. What I saw in that book __5__ the way I viewed my disabled sister.
There were many baby __6__ of Dawn and me dressed alike. And the only __7__ is that I looked small and peaceful while Dawn was hooked up to tubes and machines. If you looked closely, you could see the __8__ in her eyes though she was always smiling. One picture stood out: we were __9__ each other. The words below read, “I'm so happy to have a twin sister, Netti. The doctors make me cry. She makes me __10__.” Looking back, I realized how __11__ I had been! I had never put myself in Dawn's shoes! Feeling __12__， I cried myself to sleep. Later, Dawn came to wake me up for dinner. I kissed her and hugged her __13__ like in the picture.
From then on, I was Dawn's __14__. No one was going to hurt her for any reason. We were __15__. I am her other half and she is my world.,
1．A.complain B．wander
C．stare D．envy
2．A.hate B．pity
C．disturb D．warn
3．A.put up with B．make use of
C．keep track of D．get back at
4．A.patient B．old
C．clever D．confident
5．A.formed B．changed
C．explained D．confirmed
6．A.pictures B．clothes
C．toys D．stories
7．A.problem B．mark
C．similarity D．difference
8．A.courage B．disappointment
C．pain D．concern
9．A.hugging B．supporting
C．comforting D．praising
10．A.improve B．think
C．laugh D．survive
11．A.rude B．selfish
C．responsible D．innocent
12．A.helpless B．unhappy
C．desperate D．ashamed
13．A.politely B．seriously
C．tightly D．nervously
14．A.protector B．assistant
C．educator D．consultant
15．A.irreplaceable B．unimaginable
C．unchangeable D．inseparable
Unit 3　Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Gases, like black carbon, methane (甲烷) and ozone (臭氧) in city smog, are called “short lived climate pollutants (污染物)”， which exist both outdoors and indoors and decrease agricultural crops.
WHO says emissions from these climate pollutants cause many serious illnesses, including lung cancer. And these pollutants are responsible for many of the more than 7 million premature deaths each year that are connected to air pollution.
Maria Neira in WHO says the pollutants have a strong impact on climate change. But the good news is that they only stay in the atmosphere for a few days to 10 years. That is much shorter than carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that can remain for hundreds, or even thousands of years.
According to Maria Neira, when you address the short lived pollutants, you can reduce emissions very rapidly, and then improve air quality. You will have an immediate reduction in the ill health and diseases because of the reduction of air pollution.
WHO has many available and affordable ways to reduce these short lived climate pollutants. At the top of the list is cutting vehicle emissions by requiring higher emission and efficiency standards. More emissions are released when engines are running.
Indoor air pollution also contributes to poor health and premature death. WHO reports that nearly 3 billion low income households rely on “dirty fuels”. Coal, wood and kerosene used for cooking and heating are examples. Cleaner and more efficient stoves and fuel alternatives could cut down on health risks.
Another way to cut back on these pollutants is to have more investment and policies for rapid transport. These include buses, trains, bicycles and pedestrian or walking routes. These investment could have many benefits, including safer travel, reduced health risks from noise and air pollution and more physical activity.
The WHO report also calls for encouraging high income and middle income populations to include more plant based foods in their diets. It says this could the risk of developing reduce heart disease and some cancers, and could also slow the methane gas production that comes with some animal sourced foods.
1．The “short lived climate pollutants” are so called because ________.
A．they cause many to die young
B．they exist shorter than the greenhouse gas
C．they live indoors for a short time
D．they have a short effect on people's health
2．The underlined word “address” in Paragraph 4 means “________”．
A．live on B．talk about
C．deal with D．turn to
3．What can be inferred from the whole passage
A．Rich people hardly ever eat plant based foods in daily life.
B．No emissions are released from stopped engines.
C．Governments should take measures to fight pollution.
D．Heart disease and some cancers are caused by the pollutants.
4．Which of the following may be the best title of the text
A．The ways to fight air pollution
B. Reducing “short lived climate pollutants” to save lives
C．Some sources of serious air pollution
D．A report on pollution from WHO
B
As global temperatures rise, trees around the world are experiencing longer growing seasons, sometimes as much as three extra weeks a year. All that time helps trees grow faster. For the past 100 years, trees have been experiencing fast growth in mild areas from Maryland to Finland, to Central Europe, where the growth rate of some trees has even sped up by nearly 77% since 1870. Supposing wood were just as strong today, those gains would mean more wood for building, burning, and storing carbon captured from the atmosphere. But is wood really as dense(茂密的) as it used to be
Hans Pretzsch, a forest scientist in Germany, and his colleagues wanted to find an answer. They carried out a study of the forests of Central Europe. They started with small pieces of experimental land in southern Germany, some of which have been continuously monitored since 1870. Pretzsch and his team took core samples(样品) from the trees—which included Norway spruce, sessile oak, European beech, and Scots pine—and analyzed the tree rings.
They found that in all four species, wood density had decreased by 8% to 12%. “We expected a trend of the wood density like this, but not such a strong and significant decrease，” Pretzsch says. Increasing temperatures, and the faster growth they spur, probably account for some of the drop. Another factor, Pretzsch says, is more nitrogen in the soil from agricultural fertilizer and vehicle exhaust. Previous studies have linked increased fertilizer use to decreased wood density. Above all, the study suggests that the higher temperatures—combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms—are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable.
“I am getting worried，” says Richard Houghton, an ecologist at the Woods Hole Research Center in Massachusetts, who was not part of the new study. As the density of the samples dropped, so did their carbon content. That means forests may suffer more damage from storms and may be less efficient at absorbing carbon dioxide than scientists think, Houghton says.
5．Paragraph 1 is written to ________.
A．prove an idea B．introduce the topic
C．give an example D．describe a fact
6．What does the study show
A．Farming slows trees' growth.
B．More areas are covered with forests.
C．Global warming changes the quality of wood.
D．Pollution leads to higher temperatures.
7．What does Richard Houghton mean
A．Great loss might be caused.
B．Storm damage can be prevented.
C．The size of forests might be increased.
D．Less greenhouse gases can be sent out.
8．What is the best title for the passage
A．We only have one earth
B．Trees—our best friends
C．The influence of climate change
D．Trees are growing faster, but weaker
Ⅱ.七选五
Solutions to Climate Change
There are personal lifestyle changes that you can make and that, to some extent, can help reduce your carbon impact. Not all are right for everybody. But applying just a few of them could make a difference.
Move closer to work.
Transportation is one of the leading sources of greenhouse gas emissions. __1__ One way to dramatically cut transportation fuel needs is to move closer to work, use mass transportation, or switch to walking, cycling or some other modes of transport that does not require anything other than human energy.
Consume less.
__2__ Whether by quitting an automobile or employing a reusable grocery sack, cutting back on consumption results in fewer fossil fuels being burned to extract, produce and ship products around the globe.
__3__
A potentially simpler and even bigger effect can be produced by doing more with less. Citizens of many developed countries are energy wasters, whether by speeding in a gas wasting vehicle or leaving the lights on when not in a room. Similarly, employing more efficient refrigerators, air conditioners and other appliances can cut electricity bills. __4__ You can turn the lights or your computers off when you leave the office.
Stop cutting down trees.
When purchasing wood products, such as furniture or flooring, buy used goods or, failing that, wood proved officially to have been sustainable harvested. The Amazon rainforest and other forests are more than the lung of the earth. __5__
A．Be energy efficient.
B．Use few electrical appliances.
C．But it doesn't have to be that way.
D．Such efforts can also be usefully employed at work.
E．They may also be humans' short term hope for limiting climate change.
F．The easiest way to cut back on greenhouse gas emissions is simply to buy less stuff.
G．Citizens spend more money on electricity to power devices when they're off than when they're on.
Unit 3　Section Ⅲ　Using Language & Assessing Your Progress
阅读理解
A
Tiny microbes (微生物) are at the heart of a new agricultural technique to manage harmful greenhouse gas emissions. Scientists have discovered that microbes can be used to turn carbon dioxide into soil enriching limestone(石灰岩) with the help of a type of tree that grows in tropical areas, such as West Africa.
Researchers have found that when the iroko tree is grown in dry, acidic soil and treated with a combination of natural fungi(真菌) and other bacteria, not only does the tree grow well, it also produces mineral limestone in the soil around its roots.
The iroko tree makes a mineral by combining calcium from the earth with carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Bacteria then create the conditions under which this mineral turns into limestone. The discovery offers a new way to lock carbon dioxide into the soil, keeping it out of the atmosphere. In addition to storing carbon dioxide in the trees' leaves and in the form of limestone, the mineral in the soil makes it more suitable for agriculture.
The discovery could lead to reforestation projects in tropical countries, and help reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere in the developing world. It has already been used in West Africa and is being tested in Bolivia, Haiti and India.
The findings were made in a three year project involving researchers from the University of Edinburgh, Lausanne, Granada and Delft University of Technology.
The project examined several microbiological methods for locking carbon dioxide as limestone, and the iroko bacteria way showed the best results. Work was funded by the European Commission under the Future & Emerging Technologies (FET) scheme.
Dr Bryne Ngwenya of the University of Edinburgh's School of Geosciences, who led the research, said, “By taking advantage of this natural limestone producing process, we have a low tech, safe and easily operating way to lock carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, while improving farming conditions in tropical countries.”
1．The passage mainly introduces ________.
A．some useful natural fungi and bacteria
B．a new way to deal with greenhouse gas emissions
C．a newly found tree in West Africa
D．the soil enriching limestone created by scientists
2．Which of the following is TRUE about tiny microbes
A．Most tiny microbes like living in dry, acidic soil.
B．Carbon dioxide can be broken down by natural fungi and bacteria.
C．The more greenhouse gas is, the more active tiny microbes become.
D．Tiny microbes get along well with the iroko tree in special soil.
3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to
A．Carbon dioxide. B．Carbon.
C．Soil. D．Limestone.
4．According to the passage, what can we infer
A．The action of the tiny microbes can increase the oxygen in the earth.
B．Researchers have done the experiment on trees in Africa for three years.
C．Researchers tend to use natural power to solve their problems.
D．West Africa is one of the most polluted areas all over the world.
5．According to the passage, the iroko bacteria method ________.
A．can be used to improve the farming land
B．can save a lot of seriously destroyed woods
C．has been popularized in Bolivia, Haiti and India
D．should be spread all around the world in the future
B
In New Jersey, there's a row of houses with a green lawn (草坪) that kids can't enjoy. “It's really frustrating. These lawns are useless to me，” Alice, a suburban mom in New Jersey said. She lives in a beautiful community full of green lawns.
It's the middle of summer, but there are no dandelions (蒲公英) in sight. And that's the problem: the lawns are so green because they're full of pesticides(杀虫剂). Warning signs urge parents to keep kids off the chemical laden grass.
Alice says that most lawns and parks in her area are like this. There are plenty of them, but her kids can't play in them. “I just want to let my baby experience the grass，” she said. “Also, I'm sure it's not good for animals. The other day, a woman found a dead deer in her backyard.”
In the 1940s, people often mixed clover (三叶草) with grass to keep lawns strong, which benefited the environment. But over the last few decades, pesticides have taken over. In 2012, the world spent $56 billion on pesticides. They go into farms, lawns, parks and just about anywhere where humans grow plants. These chemicals keep parks' grass and flowers perfect. They just make them useless as actual parks.
That may be more than just annoying. New research has shown that play is good for kids. It helps them discover the world and learn how to get along with other people. But it's hard to get enough play in when there are so few public spaces where kids can play. And the few that exist are often covered in chemicals that make parents uncomfortable.
There are things to take the place of pesticides, like planting a lawn full of clover. Besides, maybe a dandelion here or there isn't the worst thing.
6．Why do parents ask their kids to keep off the grass
A．To shelter kids from damage.
B．To protect the environment.
C．To let kids avoid seeing the dead deer.
D．To let kids have more time to study.
7．What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A．Clover has been popular all the time.
B．The world focuses on building parks.
C．Chemicals help crops grow well in the parks.
D．Nowadays parks aren't what they used to be.
8．New research on kids in Paragraph 5 is mentioned to ________.
A．show play is kids' nature
B．advise planting more clover
C．present chemicals' bad effects on kids
D．encourage kids to get on well with others
C
There was one thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and heavy traffic. At present, we realize that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is really worldwide.
On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the east of the United States and brought health warnings in distant areas away from any industrial cities. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be infected by air pollution. Some scientists consider that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) is creating a “greenhouse effect”—keeping heat reflected from the earth and raising the world's average temperature. If this view is correct and the world's temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be in water.
Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth's temperature—a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age, and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. Today we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen. Perhaps, if we are lucky enough, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world's temperature will stay about the same as it is now. Driven by economic profits, people ignore the damage on our environment caused by the “advanced civilization”. Maybe the air pollution is the price the human beings have to pay for their development. But is it really worthwhile
9．People used to think that air pollution ________.
A．caused widespread damage in the countryside
B．affected the entire eastern half of the United States
C．had a very bad effect on health
D．existed merely in urban and industrial areas
10．As to the greenhouse effect, the author ________.
A．shares the same view with the scientists
B．is uncertain of its occurrence
C．rejects it as being ungrounded
D．thinks that it will destroy the world soon
11．The underlined word “offset” in the third paragraph could be replaced by “ ________ ”．
A．counteract B．break from
C．get along D．communicate
12．If the world's temperature lowered just a few degrees ________.
A．it would not do much harm to life on earth
B．it would lead major farming areas to disaster
C．particular things would increase greatly in the atmosphere
D．seas and oceans would flood many cities
Unit 3　Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
ACDB
B
BCDA
Ⅱ.完形填空
CADBB　
ADCAC
BDCAD
Unit 3　Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
BCCB
B
BCAD
Ⅱ.七选五
CFADE
Unit 3　Section Ⅲ　Using Language & Assessing Your Progress
阅读理解
A
BDCCA
B
ADC
C
DBAB
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