动词不定式课件1

课件29张PPT。中考复习系列
动词不定式用法归纳概 说
动词不定式(to do)是初中英语课的
一个重点，也是中考要考查的一个项目。
动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式，
很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起，
掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定
式的用法做简单归纳，帮助同学们记忆 动词不定式的主要用法
一、动词不定式在句子中不能独立充当谓语, 没有人称和数的变化。
　二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(此时not不能再与助动词连用)。
　三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能, 可在句中用做多种句子成分。
主语 宾语 表语 定语
状语 宾补 　主语: 常置于句末, 而用it代替其做形式主语。
例: To go in for sports helps you stay fit.
It helps you stay fit to go in for sports.
It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea on your own. 返回注: 此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出, 逻辑主语由of引出时, 表语的形容词为kind，nice, good, polite, clever, foolish, right, wrong等表示性格品质评价的形容词。例: It’s right of him to refuse the invitation. (him为逻辑主语)
点击规律: 动词不定式在句中作主语时, 除了直接作主语外，
常放在: It is ＋adj．(形容词)＋to do sth. 或 It is ＋n．(名词)＋to do sth. 句型中, it仅作形式主语。 动 词 宾 语
此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。
例：would you like to see my photos?
Kevin planned to visit his uncle 类似用法的词还有:start, want, agree, hope, begin, decide, agree, love, like, hate, prefer等。　I found it very difficult to get a job.
(it为形式宾语)
点击规律：
这些动词后面除接不定式外, 还可以接动名词, 意思区别不大。
提示板：like doing指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的动作。
I like swimming，but I don‘t like to swim now．
我喜欢游泳, 但我现在不想游。stop, forget, remember, go on, try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。
点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。
提示板： stop to do sth. :
停止一件事，去做另一件事。
stop doing sth. :停止正在做的事。
例如：
When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking；
当老师走进来时, 学生们停止说话；
when he came out, the students stopped to talk．
当老师走出去时, 学生们又开始说话。 2) 思考: forget, remember, go on，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？
点击规律：在find／feel＋it＋adj．＋to do sth．句型中，it是形式宾语, 真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。返回如：
The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep．
I feel it easy to recite the text．
点击规律: 某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语, 又可接动名词作宾语, 二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分, 如上页的stop例句。表 语
放在连系动词be后面
例句: His wish is to become a scientist．
Our duty is to protect the environment.
The first important thing is to save the
soldiers’ lives. 当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。
点击规律: 动词不定式在句中作表语时, 通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。 返回定 语
动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词 、代词的后面。
例: He is the first person to sail around the world.
I have a lot of work to do．
The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy．
点击规律: 动词不定式若在句中作定语, 常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。 返回提示板: 如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系, 且动词是不及物动词, 切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如：
I have a small bedroom to live in．
Have you got some pens to write with？ 作 状 语
a.目的状语: 放在go, come, use, live, in order等词后面.如：
I come to see you．
He runs fast in order to get there in time．
They brought in photos of their families for me to
look at 返回b. 原因状语: 放在sorry, glad, surprised, disappointed，
excited等词后面。(有些资料上把这类称为不定式在表示心理、情感、评价等的形容词后, 对其进行补充说明, 作形容词补足语）如：
I am glad to see you here．
I am sorry to trouble you． c. 作结果状语。如:
Some of the apples are hard to reach．
The room is large enough to hold 1000 people．宾语补足语
(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to：
　tell, ask, want, order, teach, invite, warn, wish, help, get, wish, 等词后面常接不定式作宾补。
例: I asked a friend to read it to me．
　 I tell him not to go there by bus ．
　 Edison‘s mother taught him to read and write． 返回(2) 在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(see, watch, hear, feel, make, let, have, observe, notice, help等)后不带to 的不定式作宾补。如：
The boss makes them work 16 hours a day．
I heard her sing in the next room． 提示板: 若变成被动语态, 在上述结构中, 不定式符号to要加上。
如:
　They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss．
　She was heard to sing in the next room． “疑问词＋不定式”用法
不定式前可带what，who，which，where, when, how, whose, 等疑问词, 这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、
主语等。
例: He didn’t tell me where to go. (直宾)
I don’t know what to say now.(宾语)
I don't know what to do next. (宾语）
He taught us how to use the computer．(宾语补足语) 返回It's still a question how to get there．(主语)
在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(to be+过去分词)”
例: There are twenty more trees to be planted. 根据句意, 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. It's time for us ____ (have) supper．
2. Would you like ____ (go) shopping with me？
3. It took us half an hour _______ (work) out the problem． to go 主语to go 宾语to work
主语4. He is old enough _____ (join) the army．
5. I feel strange _______ (have) a twin sister．
6. I am very glad _______ (meet) you here．
7．They prefer ______ (stay) at home rather than go out．to join
结果状语to have
形容词补足语(原)to meet
形容词补足语(原)to stay
宾语8. We saw them_______ (come) into the room just now．
9. What he said made me_____ (feel) sorry．
10. I am sorry．I forgot_____ (tell) you the news．
11. His plan is _______ (spend) a few days in the mountains． to come
宾补to feel
宾补to tell
宾语to spend
表语12. Have you got anything _____ (say)?
13. Have you decided which one ________ (choose)?
14. Do you know when______ (start)？

15. He is too weak ________ (carry) the big stone． to say 定语to choose
定语to start
不定式短语作宾语to carry
结果状语THANK YOUHi, relax yourself!