中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高中英语新人教版选择性必修三U4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE同步训练
Ⅳ.阅读理解
When you choke，you can’t breathe properly or can’t get enough air into your lungs because there is something in your throat.Choking can make the person unable to breathe，talk，or even make noise.Worse still，because the body needs oxygen to stay alive，when oxygen can’t reach the lungs and the brain，a person can become unconscious(失去知觉)，suffer from brain damage，and even die within minutes.That is what makes choking such a serious emergency.
Choking is a serious thing.If you think someone is choking，shout for help and have somebody call 911 right away.If you can do it properly and safely，meanwhile you can give him or her first aid.In other words，you can get behind the choking person and then give a certain kind of quick squeeze(挤压) in the middle of the stomach.This squeeze sends a quick，powerful burst of air from the person’s lungs upward，removing the problem food or object and often sending it flying out of the person’s mouth.
Choking is sometimes dangerous.Luckily，something can be done to prevent it.For example，be extra careful when you’re eating certain foods that are easy to choke on.They include things like hot dogs，nuts，grapes，raw carrots，popcorn，and hard candy.Check food labels to make sure that the food isn’t the kind that can lead to choking.Also you can sit down，take small bites and don’t talk or laugh when your mouth is filled with food!
In addition，look out for the little guys and girls.Babies and young children love to put things in their mouths，so help keep them safe by picking up anything off the floor that might be risky to swallow—like pen caps and coins.Keep toys with small parts in some places young children can’t get to，and never share your food or candy with a baby.
1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about
A．Examples of choking.
B．Signs of choking.
C．Harms of choking.
D．Causes of choking.
2．What first aid should be given to a choking sufferer
A．Pouring some water into his mouth.
B．Gently pressing him on the back.
C．Asking the people present for help.
D．Trying to clear the thing of his throat.
3．What should we do to keep choking from happening to kids
A．Offer them toys with small parts.
B．Talk to them while we are feeding them.
C．Keep dangerous things out of their reach.
D．Forbid them from eating too many candies.
4．Where is the text probably taken from
A．An advertisement.
B．A work report.
C．An interesting story.
D．A magazine on nursing.
Ⅴ.完形填空
You may be surprised to see “making sure children never suffer” as a mistake.The following 1 may help you understand how rescuing children from all suffering 2 weakness.
A little boy felt sorry for a butterfly 3 to emerge from its chrysalis(蛹)．He decided to help the butterfly.So he peeled the chrysalis open for the butterfly.The little boy was so 4 to watch the butterfly spread its wings and fly off into the sky.Then he was horrified 5 he watched the butterfly fall to the ground and die because it did not have the muscle and 6 to keep flying.In fact，the butterfly’s struggle to 7 the chrysalis helps the butterfly become stronger.
Like the little boy， 8 too often want to protect their children from struggle in the name of love.They don’t realize that their children need to struggle，to experience 9 ，to deal with disappointment，and to solve their own problems.Only in this way can children strengthen their emotional strength，become strong willed and develop the skills necessary for the even bigger struggles they will meet throughout their lives.Children experiencing sufferings can 10 the ups and downs of life.
However，it isn’t helpful either in this case when parents 11 lectures(训斥)，blame and shame to what the child is experiencing.Mothers 12 to say，“Stop crying and acting like a spoiled boy.You can’t always get what you want.” These 13 words should be avoided.Instead，parents can offer their loving support.You can say，“Don’t lose heart.Be brave! You will succeed if you try again.” Then comes the tough part—no 14 and no lectures. Simply allow him to discover that he can 15 his disappointment and figure out what he can do to get what he wants in the future.
1．A.saying B．story
C．proverb D．prejudice
2．A.damages B．burns
C．betrays D．creates
3．A.exposing B．devoting
C．struggling D．coming
4．A.moved B．excited
C．puzzled D．depressed
5．A.until B．since
C．before D．as
6．A.power B．energy
C．strength D．departure
7．A.break away from B．do away with
C．get along with D．come up with
8．A.teachers B．parents
C．relatives D．friends
9．A.friendships B．scholarships
C．relationships D．hardships
10．A.expect B．classify
C．survive D．avoid
11．A.add B．adapt
C．devote D．contribute
12．A.pretend B．happen
C．tend D．seem
13．A.inspiring B．discouraging
C．interesting D．touching
14．A.parking B．smoking
C．drinking D．rescuing
15．A.get through B．get over
C．get across D．get away
Ⅵ.语法填空
Like most people，I was brought up to look upon life as a getting.It was not until in my late thirties 1. I made this important discovery：giving away things 2. (make) life so much more exciting.One discovery I made about giving away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without 3. (get) something back，though the return often comes in 4. unexpected form.One Sunday morning the local post office delivered a letter to my home，though it 5. (address) to me at my office.I wrote the postmaster a note of
6. (appreciate)．More than a year later I needed a post office box for a new business I was starting.I was told at the window that there were no boxes 7. (leave)，and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list.As I was about to leave，the postmaster appeared in the doorway.He had overheard our conversation.“Wasn’t it you that wrote us a letter a year ago about a special 8. (deliver) to your home？” I said yes.“Well，you are 9. (certain)
going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you.You don’t know 10.
a letter like that means to us.We usually get nothing but complaints.”
VII请根据下面的提示写一篇短评。词数80左右。
1．欧内斯特·沙克尔顿和他的船员们一起登上了名字为“坚忍”号的大船。途中“坚忍”号被冰山困住了，大家弃船后逃到了大象岛。沙克尔顿驾船去寻求帮助。最后，尽管困难重重船员们还是活了下来。
2．在这个故事里面船员之间真诚的关心和爱以及他们在困难面前的忍耐力和毅力也使我深受鼓舞。
3．从这个故事中我学到一个教训：无论遇到任何困难，都不要放弃！
参考答案：
CDCD; BDCBD;CABDC;ACBDB;
that;makes;getting;an;was addressed;appreciation;left;delivery;certainly;what;
参考范文
This story is about a great expedition in history.
Ernest Shackleton and his crew went aboard the ship named Endurance.Unfortunately，on the way Endurance became stuck in the ice，sinking into the ocean.Having abandoned the ship，they escaped to Elephant Island.Shackleton left them to find help.The crew were able to survive in spite of so many difficulties.
I was deeply moved by the concern and love between them and I’m also inspired by their endurance and perseverance in face of difficulties.In a word，I have learned an important lesson from the inspiring story.That is，whatever difficulties we meet，never give up.
同步训练
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高中英语新人教版选择性必修三U4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE同步词汇和句法
学生姓名 班级 序号
课题内容 新人教版选修三U4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
学习目标与核心素养 掌握本单元重点词汇和句型；掌握虚拟语气的用法
学习重点 本单元重点词汇和句型；
学习难点 虚拟语气
重点词汇拓展和常用短语
核心词汇
wage n.（通常指按周领的）工资
教材原句p.38 for a dangerous journey：small wages，bitter cold... 这是一次危险的旅行：工资微薄，严寒刺骨……
wages of ￡200 a week 一星期200 英镑的工资（=a weekly wage of ￡200）
a wage increase of 3% 3% 的加薪（=a wage rise of 3%）
wage cuts 减薪 a very low/high wage 非常低/ 高的工资
wage demands/claims 工资要求
wage settlements 工资和解协议
agree to a voluntary wage freeze 同意自愿冻结工资
qualified adj. 符合资格；具备……的知识（或技能、学历等）
教材原句p.38 ...because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified. ……因为他认为我太年轻，没有资格。
be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事
be qualified for sth. 适合做（有担任……的资格）
We think this young man is not qualified to do this job. 我们认为这个年轻人没有资格做这项工作。
Jane is well qualified for this teaching job. 简很适合做这项教学工作。
【学法点拨】
表示“胜任……”的其他短语有be equal to，be fit for，be adequate to 等。
It’s a challenging job but I’m sure you’ll be equal to it. 这是一份很有挑战性的工作，但是我相信你能胜任。
【词语积累】
qualify v.（使）具有资格，（使）合格；取得资格（或学历）
qualification n. 资格，条件；合格证书
3. enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的
搭配 ：be/become enthusiastic about（doing）sth. 对（做）某事感兴趣； 对（做）某事热心
I gathered from the way she replied that she wasn’t very enthusiastic.
从她回答的语气判断，我觉得她不是很感兴趣。
She is enthusiastic about the new teaching method. 她对新的教学方法很感兴趣。
【词语积累】
enthusiastically adv. 热心地；满腔热情地
enthusiasm n. 热情，热爱的事物 enthusiast n. 热心者；爱好者
with（great） enthusiasm（非常）热情地
full of enthusiasm 充满热
4. aboard adv. & prep. 上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）
Little Tom and the sailors spent two months aboard. 小汤姆和水手们在船上过了两个月。（副词）
The two girls went riding together aboard a horse’s back. 两个女孩一起骑在马背上出游。（介词）
【形近比较】
a+board（n. 木板）→ aboard adv. & prep. 在（船、飞机、公共汽车等） 上；上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）
a+broad（adj. 宽阔的）→ abroad adv. 在国外；到国外
【词语辨析】aboard，on与in
这三个词后面都可接交通工具，其区别在于：
（1）aboard 通常接较大型的交通工具，如aboard a plane/train/ship/ bus 等。
（2）on 可接较大型的交通工具，自行车除外，如on a bus，on one’s bike。
（3）in 后常接小型的交通工具，如in a car。
assign vt. 分派；布置（工作、任务等）；分配；指定，指派
教材原句p.38 He assigned me to be a steward，and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men... 他派我去当服务员，我现在为二十八个人供应伙食……
They have assigned me a small room.他们已给我分配了一个小房间。
It is possible to assign an exact date to this building. 确定这座建筑物的确切年代是可能的。
Financial difficulties were assigned as the probable cause of his suicide. 经济困难被认为是他自杀的可能原因。
The teacher assigned Wednesday evening to meet the parents. 老师定于星期三晚上会见家长。
【词语积累】
assignment n. 分配；指派；（分派的）任务
envy vt. & n.
教材原句p.38 How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to! 当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些神奇的地方时，大家会多么羡慕我啊!
（1）vt. 羡慕；妒忌
envy sb. sth. 妒忌/ 羡慕某人有某物
envy sb. doing sth. 羡慕/ 妒忌某人做某事
How I envy you. I wish I could make my hair curl like that.
我太羡慕你了，真希望我也能把头发卷成那样。
He will have a chance of visiting Guilin. We all envy him his good fortune.
他将有机会游览桂林，我们都很羡慕他的好运。
Some countries envied us relying mainly on our own efforts in building our country.
有些国家妒忌我们自力更生地建设我们的国家。
（2）n. 羡慕；妒忌
with envy 羡慕地；妒忌地
be the envy of 是令……妒忌/ 羡慕的对象
out of envy 出于忌妒
All the girls at the dance watched her with envy when she danced with the prince.
当她和王子跳舞时，舞会上所有的女孩都羡慕地看着她。
His new house was the envy of all his friends.
他的新房子让他所有的朋友都羡慕。
Her attitude toward him was out of envy.
她对他的态度是出于忌妒。
sink vi.（sank/s k/ or sunk/s k/，sunk）沉没；下沉；下降 vt. 使下沉；使沉没
教材原句p.38 And when the ship sank，our hearts sank with it.
船沉了，我们的心也跟着沉了。
搭配：be sunk in sth. 陷入不快（或沉思）中
The ship struck the rocks and sank. 那艘船触礁沉没了。
His heart sank at the thought. 想到这个他情绪低落。
She just sat there，sunk in thought. 她只是坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。
The enemy sank a merchant ship. It sank with the loss of 200 lives.
敌人击沉了一艘商船，随着该船的沉没有200 人丧生。
【词语积累】
sinking adj. 下沉的；沮丧的
abandon vt.（不得已而）舍弃；（不顾责任、义务等）抛弃；放弃 （信念） n. 放任，放纵
教材原句p.38 Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton calmly called us together... 在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿平静地把我们叫到一起……
abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事
abandon oneself to 陷入，沉湎于（某种情感）
abandon...for... 为……而放弃……
with abandon 放纵地；恣意地
The scientist abandoned his research for lack of fund. 由于缺乏资金，这位科学家放弃了他的研究工作。
He abandoned studying abroad because of his father’s illness. 因为他父亲的病，他放弃了出国留学。
Those who abandon themselves to despair can not succeed. 那些自暴自弃的人无法成功。
The chairman determined to abandon the project for the development of the whole company.
董事长决定为了整个公司的发展而放弃这个项目。
The fans cheered with abandon when their football team won. 当他们的足球队赢了时，球迷们便疯狂地欢呼。
【词语积累】
abandoned adj. 被抛弃的；（人、行为）放纵的，不羁的
belongings n. ［pl.］财物；动产
教材原句p.38 We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings... 我们不被允许带走大部分的个人物品……
She lost all her belongings in the fire. 她在那场火灾中失去了所有的财产。
I put a few personal belongings in a bag. 我把几件私人物品装进了包中。
【学法点拨】
（1）在名词中，有一类词是以-ings结尾的。这种形式的名词都以复数的形式出现，有的表示复数概念，有的表示单数概念，而有的单复数均可。此类词常见的有：savings（储蓄，积蓄），earnings（工资， 收益），leavings（剩饭，渣滓），surroundings（环境）等。
（2）belongings 的同根词belong 对应的短语belong to“属于”，既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。但可用belong to 的现在分词形式作后置定语。
They belong to the same chess club.他们属于同一个国际象棋俱乐部。
The bike belonging to me is under repair. 我的自行车正在修理中。
10 .voyage n. & vi. 航行；（尤指）航海，航天
教材原句p.39 ...the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats. ……这次航行 太危险，太困难了，我们所有人都没有办法乘坐小船到达那里。
go on a voyage 去航海
make/take a voyage 去航海
How pleasant it is to go on a voyage on the smooth sea! 在平静的海上航行多么令人愉快 ！
The ship is not in a condition to make a long voyage. 这艘船不适合作长途航行。
【词语辨析】voyage，journey，trip，tour 与 travel
（1）voyage n.［C］指（乘船或宇宙飞船的长途）航行。
（2）journey n.［C］常指远距离的陆地旅行，也指“旅程，旅途”。
（3）trip n.［C］指短途、短期旅行，远足，也指“因事出行”。
（4）tour n.［C，U］指（团队）观光旅游。
（5）travel n.［C，U］常指长距离旅行或国外旅行，是“旅行”的总称。
11. resolve n. & v.
（1）n. 决心；坚定的信念
He made a firm resolve to give up smoking. 他下定决心戒烟。
（2）vi. & vt. 决定；决心；解决（问题或困难）
教材原句p.39 Their genuine concern for others，their per-severance，and their resolve fill me with hope.
他们对他人真诚的关心，他们的毅力和决心让我充满了希望。
*We must find a way to resolve these problems before it’s too late.
我们必须找到一个办法去解决这些问题, 不然就太晚了。
*From that moment she resolved to trace the unknown element.
从那时起, 她决心找出这种未知的元素。
*We resolved on making an early start.
我们决定尽早动身。
*The mixture will resolve into two simple substances.
这种混合物可分解为两种简单物质。
*She was a woman of great resolve.
她是一个不屈不挠的女人。
(1)resolve an issue /a dispute/a conflict/a crisis解决问题╱争端╱冲突╱危机
resolve on sth. /doing sth. 决心/决定做某事
resolve into 使分解为……; 归结为
(2)resolution n. 决定; 解决; 决心
pass/adopt/carry a resolution通过一项决议
make a resolution 下决心; 制订计划
【名师点津】resolve与solve
solve 用于解决一般难题, 如solve a problem, solve a riddle, solve an math problem。resolve是用于解决矛盾, 或者是解决大难题, 显示问题的严重性, 如resolve a conflict/a crisis/differences。
mitment n. 承诺；保证；（对工作或某活动）奉献
搭配：make a commitment 做出承诺
If you are serious about our relationship，you should make a commitment.
如果你对我们的关系很认真，你就应该给个承诺。
They are looking for someone with a real sense of commitment to the job.
他们正在找一个对这份工作有献身精神的人。
【词语积累】
commit v. 犯罪，犯错；承诺；托付
commit sb./oneself to（doing） sth. 承诺/ 保证（做）某事
commit sth./sb. to... 把……交给/ 托付给……
commit an error 犯错 commit （a）crime 犯罪
commit murder 犯谋杀罪 commit suicide 自杀
I would advise people to think very carefully about committing themselves to working Sundays.
我会建议人们认真考虑答应周日工作。
She committed her son to her aunt. 她把儿子托付给了她的姑妈。
（2）committed adj. 坚定的；忠诚的 be committed to（doing） sth. 忠于（做）某事
The manager is very committed to his company. 这个经理对他的公司非常忠诚。
thorough adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的；考虑周到的
教材原句p.40 The officer was assigned/employed to conduct a thorough investigation into the incident. 这名官员被指派/ 受雇对该事件进行彻底调查
thorough understanding 透彻的了解
thorough cleaning彻底的打扫
thorough description详尽的描写
I gave the radio a thorough inspection before buying it. 我把收音机彻底检查了一遍才买了下来。
He was even more thorough about reading the article. 他对这篇文章读得更仔细。
【词语积累】thoroughly adv. 非常；彻底；完全；仔细；缜密
完成句子
（1）The police officers decided to __________ （进行一次彻底的审查）of the case.
（2）We are trying to __________（全面了解） of the government’s financial policy.
conduct a thorough review ;get a thorough understanding
unfortunately（=unluckily） adv. 不幸地；遗憾地
教材原句p.40 Unfortunately，his application was turned down because he was too young and not qualified enough. 不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝了，因为他太年轻， 没有足够的资格。
Unfortunately，I hurt my knee when I fell down on the ice.
不幸的是，我在冰上摔倒时摔伤了膝盖。
【词语积累】
（1）fortunate adj. 幸运的
be fortunate in doing sth. 因做某事感到幸运
be fortunate to do sth. 有幸能做某事
It’s fortunate that... 幸运的是……
Some servants were fortunate in getting kind masters who didn’t ask them to work too hard.
有些仆人很幸运，他们的主人很和善，并不要求他们拼命地干活。
I’m fortunate enough to have found a job that I love. 我很幸运找到了一份我喜欢的工作。
It was fortunate for him that his parents managed to send him to school though badly off.
他很幸运，尽管很穷，他的父母还是设法送他上学。
（2）fortune n. 运气；财富
try one’s fortune 碰运气
make a fortune 发大财
He went to Australia and soon made a fortune. 他去了澳大利亚，很快就发了财。
（3）fortunately adv. 幸运地unfortunate adj. 不幸的
单句语法填空
（1)_______ （fortunate），after six years’ hard work，he founded his own company.
（2） ______ （unfortunate），his father died， leaving the whole family even poorer.
（3）He felt ______ （fortune） that the interviewer spoke highly of him during the interview.
（4）I was fortunate ______ （enjoy） such attractive scenery in your hometown.
（5）Central London is fortunate ______ having so many large parks and open spaces.
guidance n. 指导；引导；（火箭等的）导航
教材原句p.41 He finally finished the research paper under his tutor’s guidance. 在导师的指导下，他终于完成了研究论文。
under sb.’s guidance 在某人的指导下
without the guidance of sb. 没有某人的指导
provide guidance 提供指导
personal guidance 亲自指导
Under his father’s guidance，he learned how to swim. 他在父亲的指导下学会了游泳。
He completed his paper independently without the guidance of his tutor.
他在没有导师指导的情况下独立完成了论文。
【词语积累】
guide vt. 指导，影响（某人的行为）；指引 n. 指南，手册
完成句子
（3） _________ （在他姐姐的指导下），he is likely to complete the project.
（4）The agency offers _________ （切合实际的指导） to people starting their own businesses.
rough adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的；艰难的；崎岖的；令人不快的；粗鲁的
搭配：be rough on sb. 对某人粗暴苛刻
a rough sea 波涛汹涌的大海
a rough time 艰难时期
a rough road 崎岖的道路
a rough calculation/estimate of the cost 对成本的粗略计算/估计
Should the weather be rough，we won’t be able to go riding.
万一是狂风暴雨的天气，我们就不能去骑马。
I think Jones has tended to get just a little rough. 我觉得琼斯变得有点粗鲁了。
It is really unwise to be rough on your customers. 对你的顾客粗暴是很不明智的。
【词语积累】roughly adv. 粗暴地，粗野地；粗糙地；大约，大致，差不多
16. persevere vi. 坚持; 不屈不挠; 孜孜以求
*She persevered with her violin lessons.
她孜孜不倦地学习小提琴。
*The cold weather will persevere for the whole week.
寒冷的天气将持续整整一周。
*They are determined to persevere in the fight.
他们决定坚持战斗。
(1)persevere with sth. /sb. 坚持
persevere in (doing) sth. 坚持; 保持
(2)perseverance n. 坚持不懈; 不屈不挠; 毅力
核心短语
1. make fire 生火
When I was young，I see people use branches to make fire. 当我小的时候，我看见人们用树枝来生火。
【归纳拓展】与fire 相关的短语汇总：
set fire to 点着了……；放火烧……
catch fire 着火
be on fire 着火
put out a fire 灭火fight a fire 救火
The police haven’t found out who set fire to the storehouse. 警方还没查出是谁放火烧了仓库。
Don’t stand too close to that stove. Your clothes may catch fire. 不要站得太靠近那个火炉，你的衣服可能着火。
At last the firemen put out a big forest fire in California. 消防员终于扑灭了在加利福尼亚州的一场森林大火。
2 . give off 放出（热、光、气味或气体）；散发出；放射出
教材原句p.44 This gave off oily，black smoke，but it stayed burning even in strong winds. 这释放出油乎乎的黑烟，但即使在强风中它仍在燃烧。
The wood gave off a sweet，perfumed smell as it burned. 木头燃烧时散发出甜甜的香味。
Natural gas gives off less carbon dioxide than coal. 天然气的二氧化碳排放量少于煤。
【归纳拓展】与give 相关的短语汇总：
give in（to）（向……）让步，屈服于……
give up 放弃
give away 泄露；赠送，分发 give back 归还；使恢复
give out 用完，耗尽；分发，散发 give way to 给……让路；向……让步
I have a stubborn friend who seldom gives in to others. He insists that he is always right. So he never listens to advice given to him to give up smoking. Because of smoking，he can easily give out at work， and finds it difficult to give back his strength. Besides，he gives off a terrible smell of smoke. 我有一个固执的朋友，他很少向别人让步。他坚持认为自己总是对的，所以从来不听别人给他的戒烟忠告。由于吸烟，他在工作时很容易疲劳，而且发现很难恢复体力。此外， 他身上散发出一种难闻的烟味。
turn down 拒绝（提议、建议或提议人）；调低，关小
教材原句p.38 However，when I applied to join the expedition， Shackleton turned me down... 然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我……
We have turned down four applicants already.
我们已经拒绝了4 位申请者。
Can you turn the TV down I’m trying to work.
你能把电视的声音关小一点吗？我正在努力工作。
【归纳拓展】
turn on/off 打开/ 关掉（水、煤气、电灯等）
turn to 求助于；致力于；翻到；转向（to 是介词）
turn into 变成
turn in 上交（物品）
turn up 调大，开大（音量等）；突然露面；（机会等）不期而至
turn out（to be）＋ n. /adj. 结果是…… turn over 翻转；仔细考虑；移交；转让
She often turns to the book for guidance. 她经常参考那本书。
He didn’t turn up until half an hour later. 半小时后他才出现。
It turned out that he was never there. 原来他根本没去过那儿。
If you turn over a turtle on its back，it will become helpless.
假如你把海龟翻过来，它就无能为力了。
pay back 报答；报复；偿还（欠款）
教材原句p.45 And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death. 他以他的承诺来回报我们，把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救了出来。
I’ve paid him back for the trick he played on me. 我已经报复了他对我的愚弄。
I am sure that he will pay back every cent he owes you. 我确定他会分文不差地把欠款还给你。
【归纳拓展】
pay down 用现金支付；付订金
pay for 为……付钱；为……付出代价
pay off 偿清，付清；得到好结果，取得成功
pay up（尤指不情愿地）全部还清，付清
How much did you have to pay down on the car 这辆汽车你得付多少订金？
You must pay off your old loan before you can obtain a new one. 你必须还清旧账，然后才能再借款。
My goods were lost in the fire and the insurance company will have to pay up.
我的货在大火中烧毁了，保险公司必须得赔偿。
5.save...from... 从……救出……；使……免于……
He risked his life to save her from the big fire. 他冒着生命危险把她从大火中救了出来。
He was extremely tired. He suddenly sat down to save himself from falling.
他累极了。他突然坐下来以免摔倒。
【学法点拨】
rescue 与save 均可与from 构成短语，意为“从……救出……”。save 只作动词，而rescue 既可作名词，也可作动词。
The lifeboat rescued the sailors from the sinking boat.
救生艇将水手们从正在下沉的船上救起。
重点句式：
It happens that... 碰巧……
教材原句p.38 ...Well，it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper...……嗯，碰巧有一天早上我买了一份报纸……
【句式分析】该句中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
It happens that his elder sister is a good friend of mine. 碰巧他姐姐是我的一个好朋友。
【归纳拓展】
It chances that...（= It happens that...）碰巧……
Sb. happen（s） to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事。
Sth. happened to sb. 某事发生在某人身上。
It chanced that the winter of that year was a severe one. 碰巧那年冬天特别冷。
She happened to have just finished reading the book. 她碰巧刚读完那本书。
Something unexpected must have happened to him if he didn’t turn up at the party.
如果他没有出现在聚会上，一定发生了意想不到 的事。
类似的句式还有:
It seems/seemed that. . . 似乎……
It occurred (to sb. )that. . . 想到; 想起
It doesn’t matter that. . . 没有关系
完成句子
（5）You ___________（碰巧出去了） when I came to your house.
（6） ___________（碰巧） he had to be present at a meeting.
（7）It’s the best thing that has ever ___________（发生在我身上）.
隐含条件的虚拟语气
教材原句p.39 Without Frank and Ernest，we’d all be dead by now. 如果没有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们早就死了。
Without your support and encouragement，I would not have succeeded.
如果没有你的支持和鼓励，我是不会成功的。
【学法点拨】
在虚拟语气中，隐含条件是指该句不直接使用if，as if 或if only 等表示条件的连词，而是用单词、短语、分词、从句或上下文关系等来间接地表示。隐含条件有多种形式：
（1）介词短语暗示
But for the captain，the ship would have sunk with all on board. 要不是船长，船连同船上的人都会沉没的。
With more money and time，we could have done it better. 如果有更多的金钱和时间，我们可以做得更好。
2）分词短语暗示
Given more time and money，he could have done better than what it is now.
如果有更多的时间和金钱，他本可以做得比现在更好。
3）连词暗示
He can’t be ill，or he wouldn’t have come. 他不可能病了，否则他就不会来了。
I’m lucky that I’m interested in schoolwork，otherwise I’d go mad.
我很庆幸自己对功课感兴趣，不然我会疯掉的。
单句语法填空
（1）She wasn’t feeling very well. Otherwise she_______（not leave） the meeting so early.
（2）Under such circumstances I_______（make） the same mistake.
（3）I_______（help） you，but I was too busy.
（4）I don’t think it is an example of bad writing myself，otherwise I _________ （agree） with Levis.
完成句子
（5）In the absence of the keeper，the house___________________________ （就被烧毁了）.
（6）_______（要不是这场雨）， we should have had a pleasant journey.
There be + 主语+ 非谓语动词 该句式中，非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰前面的主语。具体形式：
教材原句p.44 There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil，so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. 南极洲没有树木生长，也没有石油，所以我们唯一能使用的燃料就是动物脂肪。
（1）There be+ 主语+ doing（表示主动和进行）
There are 300 people moving to the new factory in the south. 有三百人搬到南方的新工厂。
（2）There be + 主语+ done（表示被动或完成）
In this book，there are passages learnt before. 在这本书里，有一些以前学过的段落。
（3）There will be + 主语+ to do（表示动作尚未发生）
There will be some problems to discuss at the conference. 会议上将有一些问题要讨论。
【误区警示】当主语与其后的不定式是被动关系时，不定式用主动语态和被动语态均可，有些没有意义上的区别，有些则有区别。
There is no time to lose/to be lost. 时间不容耽搁。
There is nothing to see. 没有什么东西值得看。
There is nothing to be seen. 看不见什么东西。
单句语法填空
（1）In 1812，the year Charles Dickens was born， there were 66 novels ________（publish） in Britain.
（2）Yet there is evidence ________（suggest） that the trend is growing.
（3）There is only one more day ________（go） before your favorite music group play live.
（4）There are still many problems ________（solve） before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
such... that... 如此……以至于……
教材原句p.45 When we were finally rescued，we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. 当我们终于获救时，我们感到如释重负，喜极而泣。
This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it. 这本书是用浅易的英语写的，所以初学者可以读懂。
（1）such...that... 可用于以下三个句型：
such + a（n）+ adj. + 可数名词单数 + that...; such + adj. + 可数名词复数 + that... ;such + adj. + 不可数名词 + that...
This is such a useful dictionary that I’m thinking of buying it. 这本词典很有用，我正打算买它。
They are such fine teachers that we all have great respect for them. 他们是非常好的老师，我们都对他们极为尊敬。
He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him. 他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。
（2）so...that... 用于以下四个句型：
so + adj./adv.+ that... ;
so + adj. + a（n）+ 可数名词单数+ that... ;
so + many/few + 可数名词复数+ that... ;
so + much/little（少）+ 不可数名词+ that...
Susan was so exhausted that she couldn’t eat dinner. 苏姗疲惫得吃不下晚餐。
This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it. 这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。
He has so many books that I can’t count them. 他有很多书，我数也数不清。
There was so much food that we couldn’t eat it all. 食物太多了，我们吃不完。
（1）so + adj.+ a（n）+ 可数名词单数=such+a（n）+adj.+ 可数名词单数。
so difficult a problem = such a difficult problem
（2）在so/such...that... 结构中，当so/such... 置于句首时，要用部分倒装结构。
Such was the force of the eruption that the whole town was covered with ash. 火山爆发的威力大得使整个城镇都被火山灰烬覆盖。
课堂练习：
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. We are proud to turn (逆境) into opportunity and register a sales growth of 6. 4 percent in China during the first quarter.
2. “ I made just a few yuan— it was heartbreaking, “ she said with a (苦涩的) smile.
3. Inside the capsule is a mattress with quilt and pillow, two charging plugs for mobile phones or laptops,
a lockable (橱柜) for luggage and a bedside table.
4. Corn stalks can be (压碎) and returned to the field, but rice straw can’t be returned.
5. Oilseed rape flowers came into full bloom in spring, coloring the fields with a bright yellow (毯子) .
6. And these projects are usually managed more efficiently because they (分派)internal people to help us.
7. They might have (体面的) jobs and stable incomes in the cities.
8. Sun has a deep sense of pride in her work and (真诚的) trust in her team members.
9. All teachers are (符合资格) to teach their native language.
10. Nothing could weaken his (决心)to continue.
参考答案：
have a thorough examination; （2）have a thorough understanding;
单句语法：
1.Fortunately; 2. Unfortunately; 3 fortunate; 4. to enjoy; 5. in;
（3）Under his sister’s guidance ; （4）practical guidance
（5）happened to be out; (6)It（so）happened that; (7)happened to me
单句语法：
wouldn’t have left; 2. would have made; 3. would have helped; 4. would agree; 5. would have been burnt/burned down; 6. But for the rain;
单句语法：
published; 2. suggesting; 3. to go; 4. to be solved
课堂练习：
1.adversity； 2.bitter； 3, cupboard； 4. crushed；5. blanket；6. assign； 7.decent；8.genuine； 9. qualified； 10. resolve
考点分析
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