人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters 单词用法2课件(38张ppt)

(共38张PPT)
版本：新人教
单元：必修一 Unit 4
单
词
课
堂
vi & vt 患（病）；（因疾病）受苦 to experience
physical or mental pain：
suffer (from) a heart attack
vi & vt 遭受（困难等） to experience and be badly affected by sth：
suffer (from) defeat / loss
You will suffer one day for your carelessness.
vi 变差；变糟 to become worse：
His school work is suffering because of family problems.
suffer ■ v
suffer语义网络图
suffer
遭受
（基本义）
“遭受”病痛等
“遭受”困难等
患（病）；
（因疾病）受苦
遭受（困难等）
事情“遭受”
变差
变差；变糟
根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。
1. His grades suffer during soccer season. _____________
2. When I was just 20 months old, I suffered serious burns after a bowl full of hot oil fell on my head. （2013 四川）
_____________
3. Studies show that people are more likely to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.（2010 陕西） _____________
下降；变差
受到严重烫伤
出现背部问题
suffer
The rescue worker’s feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.
survive
《我不是药神》（英文译名Dying to survive）是由文牧野执导，宁浩、徐峥共同监制的剧情片。该片于2018年7月5日在中国上映。影片讲述了徐峥扮演的程勇从一个交不起房租的小商贩，一跃成为印度仿制药“格列宁”独家代理商的故事。电影展现了一群人为了生存下去而苦苦挣扎。影片有笑有泪，还有思考。在生活小细节的层层推进下，导演将小人物的日常平凡、卑微、无甚波澜的生活带到了更为深远的一步。
vt 比……活得长：
She survived her husband by ten years.
vi & vt 幸存（于）：
He survived the earthquake.
注：不能说 He survived from / after / in the earthquake.
vi & vt 挺过；熬过：
How do you survive on such a low salary
vi 保存下来：
Some old customs have survived into the present.
survive ■ v
survive语义网络图
在灾难中活得长
（具体）
寿命活得长
（人）
……
物品或者风俗活得长（具体）
幸存（于）
……
保存；留存
比某人活得长
survive
比……活得长（基本义）
survivor ■ n [C] 幸存者
survival ■ n
[U] 幸存；继续生存：
the survival of the fittest
[C] 幸存物；残存物：
The ceremony is a survival from pre-Christian times.
【词汇拓展】
《泰坦尼克号》这部电影讲述了泰坦尼克号这艘豪华游轮在航行时由于撞上了冰山而沉没，男主杰克（Jack）为了救女主露丝（Rose）而冻死在冰冷的海水中的故事。
在泰坦尼克号缓缓下沉时，杰克带着露丝跑到船尾，爬上栏杆坚持到泰坦尼克号沉没。最后杰克将露丝推上一块漂浮木板。
露丝要比杰克活得长。
Rose survived Jack.
露丝在这次沉船事故中幸存下来。
Rose survived the accident.
杰克为了露丝能够存活下来，不断地鼓励她，而自己却冻死在寒冷的海水里。
多年后寻宝探险家布洛克从沉船上打捞起一个锈迹斑斑的保险柜。
露丝在冰冷的海上挺了过来最终获救。
Rose survived the frozen sea and was rescued in the end.
他发现里面有一幅素描画留存至今。
He found that a drawing had survived into the present.
这幅素描由杰克为露丝所画。
survive拓展视频：
【金句】他在车祸中幸免于难。
_____________________________.
survive
He survived the car accident
During the earthquake, go to an open space away from buildings, trees, or power lines.
power ■ n
[U] 能力；[可用复数]（生理）机能：
I will do everything in my power to help you.
[U] 力量；威力：
Every storm is an example of the power of nature.
[U] 控制力；影响力：
Once you are confident about your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stones to success. 2010 广东
[U] 统治；政权：
The party came to power at the last election.
[U] 权力；职权：
More than fame or fortune, she wanted power.
[C] 大国；强国： world powers
[U] 动力；电力；功率：
wind / nuclear / solar power
名词动词化
■ vt 驱动；推动：
The aircraft is powered by a jet engine.
【词汇拓展】powerful ■ adj
强壮的；强健的：
a powerful body
强大的；有权势的：
Never before has our country been so powerful as it is today.
作用大的；效力大的 having a strong effect：
Good teamwork is a powerful tool (= very effective method)
for effective management.
powerfully ■ adv 强有力地
power语义衍生图
power
能力
（基本义）
n
做事的能力或身体的某种机能
物理上的某种能量
能力；机能
力量；威力
动力；电力；功率
驱动；推动
对事务的控制或影响
“政治”上对一个国家的管控
行政上的“力量”
控制力；影响力
统治；
政权
职权；权力
大国；
强国
v
提供动力
有强大影响力或统治力的国家政权
四者都有“力”、“力量”之意，但具体意思不同。
1. force 指外力、强迫力、破坏力 (包括武力)；物理学中指“力”。
The force of the explosion blew out all the windows.
2. energy 指人的精力、活力；物理学中指“能量”。
Where does the little girl get her energy
3. strength 指人体或物体内存在的力，如气力、耐力、抵抗力。
She didn’t even have the strength to stand up.
4. power 指人的能力、力量、权力、势力，物的
“能力”。物理学中指“动力”、“功率”。
Weightlifters have big power in their arms and legs.
辨析force, enegy, strength, power
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. I had a strong belief in my power to get what I wanted.（2011 陕西） _________
2. People are advised to build up physical power.（2015 天津）
_________
3. Governments ruled with absolute (绝对的) power.（2015 江苏）
_________
4. Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future. _________
能力
体力
权力
风能
power
If you find yourself in danger from a forest fire,
first of all, stay calm.
calm
话说在这个让人越来越不能淡定的时代，“淡定”这个词却满天飞——于是我们来说说，英语中这个可以表示“淡定”的词——calm。keep / stay calm, calm down这样的词组都可以用来劝人保持“淡定”。
（天气、海洋等）平静的：
The weather was fine and the lake was calm. 外研④ - 6
（人）镇静的；沉着的：
If you are lost in the mountains, stay / keep calm in the face of darkness, loneliness, and the unknown.
■ vt & vi （使）平静；平静下来
calm down （使）平静下来；（使）镇静下来：
I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down. 2017 全国
■ n [C] & [U] 平静；镇静：
After a storm comes a calm.
calm ■ adj
to stop feeling upset, angry or excited
侧重not nervous， “不紧张”
辨析calm, quiet, still, silent
The man who had his bright lights on 48 came over and told Larry he had 49 made an emergency call. They 50 then heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. 51 Approaching the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay 52 ______ until the emergency personnel arrived, 53 but she thought the car was going to 54 explode. Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move 55 in case she injured her neck.
2016 全国卷Ⅰ完形填空
52. A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm
√
The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday.
vi & vt（使）发出撞击声；（使）发出爆裂声：
crash ■ v
She stormed out of the room and crashed the door shut behind her.
vi & vt（使飞机）坠毁；（使汽车等）猛撞：
The news that the plane had crashed made us sad. 译林③ - 1
vi（公司等）倒闭；（股票）暴跌；（计算机等）死机；崩溃：
The computers that we use at the moment are old and slow, and they often crash.
crash
撞碎
（基本义）
“撞碎”物体，发出
巨响
“撞碎”飞机、汽车等
“撞碎”公司、股票等
（使）发出撞击声；
（使） 发出爆裂声
（使飞机）坠毁；
（使汽车等）猛撞
（公司等）倒闭；
（股票）暴跌；
（计算机等）崩溃
哗啦声；撞击声；爆裂声
暴跌；（计算机等的）崩溃
n
crash语义网络图
碰撞（事件）；（飞机） 坠毁
v
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. It is an ocean that moves, impressively and endlessly. It makes all
kinds of noise — it is forever thundering, boiling, crashing, and
whistling.（2013 重庆） ______________________
2. When did the computer crash （2012 福建） ______________________
3. Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right
things to do on the road to avoid crashes.（2012 广东）
______________________
4. It was sad news that no one survived the AirAsia plane crash which
happened on December 28, 2014.
_________________________
发出撞击声
死机
碰撞（事件）
飞机失事；飞机坠毁事故
crash
Tsunami waves can strike out of nowhere
and cause a lot of destruction.
趁热打铁
Strike while the iron is hot.
strike
vt [正式用语]打；撞击
vi & vt（时钟等）敲响；报（时）；擦 / 划（火柴）：
The church clock began to strike twelve.
vi & vt（不幸等）突然降临；突然袭击：
Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods.
vt [不用于进行时]（使）突然想到 / 意识到 to come suddenly into sb’s mind：
it strikes sb + that 从句：
It struck me that we might have made the wrong decision.
strike ■ (struck, struck / stricken) v
vt 给……以某种印象 to give sb a particular
impression：
We were struck by her kindness.
strike sb as (being) …:
He strikes me as (being) a very serious person.
vi 罢工
该释义源于船员放下船帆拒绝出海
strike a balance 两者兼顾；达到平衡：
■ n [C] & [U] 罢工：
He found it difficult to strike a balance between his family and his work.
strike a deal 达成协议
strike fear / terror into sb’s heart 使某人感到害怕 / 恐惧
The workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down.
【金句】_______________ (我突然想到) playing against the other team was a great learning moment. （2015 全国完形）
strike
It struck me that
辨析 beat, hit, strike
三个词都有“打”、“击”的意思，但用法不完全相同。
beat 指用手或物等连续地打、敲击，如殴打或体罚，敲鼓、桌子等，还可指心脏跳动、打拍子和雨水的冲击。
She was beating the dust out of the carpet.
hit 表示瞬间的动作，强调打中或击中这一结果，或强调敲打、打击对象的某一点，只作及物动词用。
He shot his arrow and hit the target.
strike 指用力地“打击”，表示短暂的动作，含有急速的或突然的一次性的殴打、打击或敲击，是普通用词；还可表示敲钟、报时。有时与hit通用，指灾难侵袭。
The car ran out of control and hit / struck a tree.
However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.
生活中无处不在的deliver
deliver的基本义就是“递送”
deliver ■ v
vt & vi 递送；传送 to take goods, letters,
packages, etc. to a particular place or person：
I usually have fast food delivered to my office.
2018 全国
vt 发表；表达；讲 to give a speech, talk, etc.
or other official statement：
deliver a speech / lecture
vt 接生；使分娩：
Her husband had to deliver the baby himself.
【词汇拓展】
delivery ■ n [U] & [C]
递送（的物品）：
a delivery man
We’ll post this package special delivery.
分娩；生产
deliver
递送
（基本义）
递送物体
递送演讲、报告等
医生递送新生儿
递送；传送
发表；表达；讲
接生；使分娩
递送（的物品）
分娩；生产
delivery
deliver语义网络图
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