名词复习

课件45张PPT。全品
中考复习方案
英语分册专题--名词 第一章 名词一、中考考查重点
可数名词与不可数名词
名词的单数与复数
名词所有格
单位词
名词作定语e.g a drop of water考点揭密1.掌握名词的概念、分类，名词可分为：普通名词和专有名词；?
2.掌握名词复数的构成、用法；名词所有格的构成方法及用法；?
3.理解名词在句中的功能，掌握名词作主语、表语、宾语、复合宾语、定语、状语和同位语的用法；?
4.能够辨析部分名词的用法区别，并熟练运用，如：family, home, house, work, job等.
5.主谓一致的用法。?
概念
1.表示一类人或事物个体的名词叫个体名词：book ，eraser ， house ， chair， student， waiter
２．表示由若干个个体组合成的集合体的名词称为集体名词: class ， family ， group， team
３．物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物的名词: milk ，water ， coffee ， tea
４．抽象名词表示状态＼品质＼感情等抽象概念的名词: idea ， happiness ， love ，knowledge， information， advice 　　　　 可数名词的特点
1. 有单复数
2. 修饰词与不可数名词不同，如：many, a great many of, a few, few 专门修饰可数名词，不能修饰不可数名词。
3. 特殊疑问句问数量时，用 how many 来问。
(1) 单数名词: a +（形容词）+单数 注意：a 用于辅音音素前，如： a house, a yellow car, a book, a teacher,
a pear (2)单数名词：an+（形容词）+单数
注意：
*an 用于元音音素前
*注意后面所跟的词的第一个字母的发音，是否发音。
*注意后面跟的词的第一个字母如是元音字母u，所发的音是否/ju:/,如是，不定冠词就用aan eraser，an uncomfortable seatan evening，an apple，an orange，an e-mailan egg，an example，an exciting thing，an alarm clockan answer，an anut，an uncle，an action moviean actoran afternoon，an art club，an eventan English student，an ID card记住特殊：an honest ，an hour ,
a university student, a UFO,（1） 一般词尾 直接加s: cap---caps task---tasks star---stars tree---trees house---houses exercise---exercises student-students（2） 以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词，在词尾加es: bus---buses box---boxes watch---watches dish---dishes 但：stomach---stomachs （3）以f或fe结尾的词，把f或fe改为ves:
shelf---shelves life—lives knife---knives leaf---leaves wife—wives half—halves wolf----wolves 例外：roof/roofs chief/chiefs2.可数名词的复数形式 (规则变化)（4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i+es: story—stories baby—babies country—countries party—parties dictionry----dictionaries
例外：day—days boy--- boys toy---toys play-plays（5）以o结尾的词，有生命力的加es,没有生命力的加s:( zeros/zeroes 都可以)
a. potato---potatoes hero---heroes
tomato—tomatoes (例外：bamboos)
b. radio/radios piano/pianos zoo/zoos photo/photos读法不规则变化词本身发生特殊变化：单复同形： （1）man 改成men: man?men ,woman?women gentleman?gentlemen policeman?policemen
gentleman----gentlemen(绅士）
(2) oo改成ee: foot?feet ， tooth?teeth goose?geese
(3) 其它：mouse?mice ，child ?childrensheep ? sheep deer ?deer
Chinese?Chinese Japanese?Japanese
fish-------fish3. 表示“某国人”的名词，其变化有三种情况 单复数相同：a Japanese ---- five Japanese
a Chinese ----two Chinese将man变为men: a Frenchman --- two Frenchmen
( Englishman---Englishmen Englishwoman ---
Englishwomen ,Dutchman---Dutchmen以an结尾的名词，在后面+s: a German ----- five Germans
( Russian---Russians American---Americans Indian----Indians Italian ---Italians
Korean-----Koreans Australian—Australians
Canadian----Canadians)
4. 常以复数形式出现的名词trousers glasses shorts pants
socks physics goods货物 news
clothes woods森林 thanks fireworks 烟花
scissors 5. 复合名词的复数形式a. 将主体名词变为复数looker-on ? lookers-on 旁观者
father-in-law ? fathers-in-law继父
son-in-law-------sons-in-law女婿
go-between------go-betweens 中间人
grow-up---------grow-ups 成人
a boy student?boy students 男学生
a flower shop?flower shops 花店
a dining room ? dining rooms 餐室
an apple tree----apple trees 苹果树
girl student-----girl students 女学生
twin sister------twin sisters 双胞姐妹
twin brother-----twin brothers 双胞兄弟
stone bridge-----stone bridges 石头桥b. 当名词的第一个构成部分为man或 woman时，将2个构成部分均变为复数a woman teacher ------- two women teachers
a man nurse ----two men nurses
a man teacher--------many men teachers
a woman doctor-----three women doctors
不可数名词的特点

( 1 )只有单数形式，一般没有复数形式。
（２）不与不定冠词a/an 搭配
（３）表示数量时与量词搭配．
Eg: a box of milk /a piece of news
（４）与修饰词 much/a little /a bit of/a great deal of 搭配
（5）问不可数名词的数时用How much,但问不可数名词前的量词时则用how many +量词＋of+ 不可数名词 …?
如：
*My mother buys two kilos of meat every day.
How much meat does your mother buy every day?
*My mother buys two kilos of meat every day.
How many kilos of meat does your mother buy every day?
可数名词和不可数名词的共同特点 (1)可修饰可数名词和不可数名词的形容词：some /any/a lot of /lots of/plenty of +可数／不可数名词
（2）定冠词既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。
如： the pear ,the house,the water,the air, the homework, the meat, the advice
(3)有些可数名词也是不可数名词，但意思有所不同.既可做可数名词，又做不可数名词的：可数名词 不可数名词 a paper paper 纸
a glass glass 玻璃
an iron iron 铁
a room room 空间
a chicken chicken 鸡肉
a beauty beauty 美
a youth youth 青春
a fish fish 鱼肉一张报纸
一个玻璃杯
一个熨斗
一个房间
一只小鸡
一个美人
一个青年
一条鱼 如何表示不可数名词的量
1.表示不可数名词的数量时，通过可数的词来表示其量,表示结构为“数词+表量的名词+of+不可数名词”。
如：a piece of bread -----two pieces of bread ,
a bag of rice------------three bags of rice
a bottle of ink---------five bottles of ink
a piece of news-----four pieces of news
a piece of advice, a block of ice,
a piece of work, a cup of tea
a basket of food, a drop of water
a box of milk--------two boxes of milk

如： A piece of meat is on the table.
Two pieces of meat are on the table.
2.可用不定量的词来表示量：
much money, some rice, most corn
a little water, a bit of milk, some paper,
a great deal of water , all work , little time, lots of money, a lot of time 第二部 专题Ⅱ词汇
㈠ 名词考点揭密
典型例题解析
课时训练1)作主语
My teachers are good to us.
The students study hard.
Love is everything.
Water is important.
An apple is on the desk.
Beijing is out country’s capital.
The Internet is very useful.
名词的作用2)作宾语
We have three pens.
We all like English.
3)作表语
All of them are policemen.
4)作宾补(对宾语补充说明）
They call me Lucy.
5)做定语（多用单数形式;但womanman做定语是应与被修饰的名词的单复数形式保持一致）
We have a class meeting today.
Those are apple trees.
We can see many men doctors there.主谓一致当class, family, team, group, public 等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。e.g The class are waiting for her.
Tom’s family _____ rather big.
Tom’s family _________ film fans. is are2. news, maths, politics 表示单数意义，动词用单数。e.g The news makes her very happy.
Maths ___ not easy for him. is3. 像goods, compasses, chopsticks, shoes, glasses,
trousers, savings,belongs ，shorts,pants,stocks,
scissors 等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。e.g The shoes hers.
The savings ______ for your future use. are请辨析: A pair of glasses _____ on the table.
Two pairs of glasses ______ on the table. is areare4. police, people(人们), youth(青年们) 只有单数形式，但表示复数意义，动词用复数。e.g The police are gathering in the street.
The Chinese people _____ peace. love但是: people当“民族”，youth当“男青年”讲时，有单复数之分 e.g He is a youth of 20.
Many English-speaking peoples _____ this book. like5. 像deer、sheep等单复同形的词，动词单复根据具体情况定e.g A deer is over there in the field.
A group of deer ______ over there in the field. are6. The poet and musician ______ present at the party.
The singer and dancer _____ just arrived.
The bread and the butter _______ ready.
Bread and butter ____ her usual breakfast.
涂了黄油的面包 was has are is8. Both … and …的谓语动词用复数形式。e.g. Both he and his father ________ there. were7. 采取就近一致原则的句型结构： There be … e.g. There ___ a book and two apples on the desk.
not only…but also… e.g Not only you but also he ___ right.
either…or e.g Either he or I ____ wrong.
neither…nor e.g Neither she nor I _____ right. is is am am
e.g Five minutes _______ enough to do this.
Ten mile’s journey _________ tiring for us.
A boat’s length _________ as long as the bed.
Two pound’s weight ___________OK. is is 表示时间、距离 、金额、度量、书名、国名等的数名词，看作整体，动词用单数。

e.g Eight hours of sleep_____ enough for you .
Ten dollars _____ too much to pay. is is is is 10. each + 单名 + and + each + 单名
every +单名 + and +every + 单名
no +单名 + and + no + 单名 each of + 复数名词
one of + 复数名词every / each +单名+ and + 单名 等结构做主语时，名词都表示单数意义，动词用单数。 e.g. Each boy and each girl ______ seen the film.
No teacher and no student _____ come yet.
Every knife, fork , and spoon ____ to be bought.
Each of the students ______ a dictionary. has has has hasThe old man（together) with his two sons ______ left for America .

Miss Wang as well as his friends _____ waiting there .
Most of the students in our class except Li Lei __________ sports every week.
has is11. 注: 由 as well as, together with, with, besides, but, except 等词连接两个名词做主语时，动词形式根据这些词前面的名词的单复数来定。 play 12. part of / most of / some of /
half of / all of /the rest of / lots of/
a lot of / plenty of
后接名词做主语时，动词的单复数根据of后的名词决定，如是可数名词谓语就用复数，如果是不可数名词，谓语用单数。
但one of +可数名词做主语，谓语总用单数。 e.g Half of his money _______ gone .
Half of his books ________ new.
All of the food ______ missing.
All of her friends ______ very honest.
One of my friends_________ English. is are is are speaks 13. 不可数名词做主语谓语用单数。
e.g A lot of water is flowing the river .
Some meat was bought from the store.
A piece of meat was found on the table.
A bottle of mile is in her hands.
A piece of soap is on the drawer.
are are 注意：但当不可数名词前的数量词是可数名词的复数时候，谓语要用复数。
如：Two baskets of meat under the table .
Three bottles of milk in my cupboard.
又如： Two bags of broccoli are on the table.

14.用不定量的词来修饰的不可数名词做主语谓语用单数：
much money, some rice, most corn
a little water, a bit of milk, some paper,
a great deal of water , all work , little time, lots of money, a lot of time
Much money is in his bag.
Some paper was put in her backpack.Exercises:
1.—Oh,there isn’t enough______for us in the lift.-----It doesn’t matter. Let’s wait for the next.
A. ground B floor Cplace Droom
2.You must look after those______.
A.dog B.sheep C.parrot Dcat
3.In our school there are forty____and eight hundred and sixty____.
A.Woman teachers;girl students
B.Women teachers;girl students
C.Women teachers; girls students
Dwoman teachers; girl students【例1】Today is September 10th.It's_____Day.［2003，天津］?
A.Teachers B.Teachers'?
C.the Teachers' D.Teacher's? 典型例题解析【例2】 I'm afraid that there is no_________ for you in my car,because there are already five people.［2003，山西］?
A.land B.ground? C.room D.floor? ? ? BC 【例3】 These Germans want to have some_________for supper,so they decide to catch______now.［2003，天津］?
A.fish,many B.fishes,much?
C.fish,much D.fishes,many? 【例4】 I am thirsty.Would you bring me_________,please?
［2003，广东］?
A.some bread B.some water?
C.some cakes D.some eggs? 【例5】 Some_________are flying kites near the river.
［2003，长沙］?
A.child B.boy? C.boys D.childs? AB C1.The rich_________not always happy.?
A.are B.is? C.have D.has?
2.In Britain,_________are all painted red.?
A.letter boxes B.letters boxes?
C.letter box D.letters box?
3.There are four_______and two________in the group.?
A.Japanese，Germen? B.Japaneses，Germen?
C.Japanese，German? D.Japanese，Germans?
4.She was born in Wuhan,but Beijing has become her second_________.?
A.home B.family? C.house D.country?
5.Mother brought me_________.?
A.a good news? B.a piece of news?
C.many good news? D.two news? 课时训练AADAB6.March 8th is _________Day.?
A.Woman's B.Women's? C.Womans' D.Women?
7.We can do the work better with______money and
________ people.?
A.less,fewer B.fewer,less?
C.little,little D.few, few?
8.There are three_________in our class.?
A.Zhou's B.Zhous ?C.Zhous' D.Zhous's?
9.It's about ten_________walk.?
A.minute's B.minutes'?
C.minute D.minutes?
10.This room is_________.?
A.Bill and David's? B.Bill's and David's?
C.Bills and David's? D.Bill and David? 课时训练(B)(A)(B)(B)(A)11.Beijing is one of the most beautiful_________in China.
A.city B.cities? C.citys D.the cities?
12.Would you like_________??
A.some more meat ?B.any more meat?
C.many more meat? D.more much meat?
13.—What can I do for you, sir?
—I'd like two_________.?
A.bottle of milk? B.bottles of milks?
C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks?
14.Tom's car is more beautiful than_________.?
A.his brother's and sister?
B.his brother and sister?
C.his brothers and sisters?
D.his brother's and sister's?
15.“Nightingal Prize”is for_________.?
A.workers B.scientists? C.doctors D.nurses?课时训练BACD D11.The market isn’t far from here. It’s only ____bicycle ride.
A.half an hours’ B.half an hour’s
C.half an hour D.an hour and a half?
12.-----help yourself to _______.
---------Thank s. Mum…it tastes good.?
A.some chickens ?B.a chicken?
C.some chicken D.any chicken?
13.—What _____do you like best?
—I like football.
A.food B.subject C.sport D.music?
14.-------Whose room are these?------they are our____.?
A.teacher’s room B.teachers’ room
C.teachers’ rooms D.rooms of teachers?
15.That’s ________
A.a red shirt of Mary B.a red shirt of Mary’s
C.Mary’s a red shirt D.Mary’s the red shirt课时训练BCCc BⅠ.将下列词组译成英语?
1.三双鞋 ________________________?
2.二十个女教师 ___________________________?
3.两瓶橘汁 ___________________________?
4.Tom父亲的一个朋友 _____________________?
5.少年宫 ________________________? 课时训练there pairs of shoestwenty women teacherstwo bottles of orange juicea friend of Tom's father'sthe Children's PalaceSee you next time!