定语从句讲解与练习

定语从句
一．概念:在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词，定语从句放在先行词后，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday。
I still remember the night when I first came to the village。
关系代词与关系副词
关系代词:指人:who(主语),whom(宾语),whose(做定语)
指物:which(主语,宾语),whose(定语)
指人或物:that（主语或宾语）
关系副词:when,where,why（状语）
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可做状语。
做主语
关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词保持一致。
I don’t like people who talk much but do little .
The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
做宾语
She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday .
做定语
关系代词whose在定语从句中做定语。
What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor
The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
做状语
I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
This is the house where I was born.
Exercises :
--Does the teacher know the boy ______planted the trees
--Yes,he does.
A .which B.whose C.where D.who
The letter ______I received from him yesterday is very important .
A .who B.where C.what D.that
--Where is the scientist ______gave us the talk yesterday
--He has gone back to Qinghua University .
A .whom B.who C.whose D.which
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning (在句子中做宾语)
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow
注：that 用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a) 先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：
What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
(b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
（c)引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：
Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
(b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all,any,much,many,everything,等不定代词作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
(c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just，little，few修饰时，只用that。
(d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。.
(e) 先行词既有人，又有物时只用that,不能用which。
(f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．
(g) 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that
(h)先行词是the way或the reason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略
(i) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时
1.This is all____I know about the matter.
A.that B.what C.who D.whether
2Is there anything else_____you require
A.which B.that C.who D.what
3.The last place _____we visited was the Great Wall.
A.which B.that C.where D.it
4.He talked happily about the men and books_____ interested him greatly in the school.
A.which B.that C.it D.whom
5.There is no dictionary_____you can find everything.
A.that B.which C.where D.in that
6.This is one of the best books_______.
A.that have ever been written C.that has written
B.that has ever been written D.that have written
7.He wrote a letter to me,telling me everything__ _ __he saw on the way to the Paris.
A.what B.that C.which D.where
8.Is oxygen the only gas_____helps fire burn
A.that B./ C.which D.it
9.Is there anything_____to you
A.that is belonged B.that belongs
C.which belongs D.that belong
10.The scientist and his achievements______you told me about are admired by us all.
A.which B.that C.who D.whose
11.Which of the books______were borrowed from him is the best
A.which B.what C.that D.whose
、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose
1. This is the man ________ wants to see you.
2. The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.
3. The man __________ you went to see has come.
4. The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.
5. The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher.
6. The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.
7. The person ______________ you should write to is Mr. Ball.
8. The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.
9. Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.
10. These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.
11. The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.
12. A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.
13. This is the shirt _______________I bought yesterday.
14. A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word.
15. The book ____________ is on the table is mine.
16. The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting.
17. I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited.
18. Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing
19. Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.
20. The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.
三、关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词 关系副词：在句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten y ears ago has been pulled down.
2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
[注]表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。
By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.
到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。
I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。
Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。
每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。
3. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club
Do you remember the day when you joined our club
This is the reason why he came late.
This is the reason for which he came late.
单项选择。
Do you know who lives in the building______there is a well
A.in front of it B. in front of whose
C.in front of which D.in front which
2.I’ll never forget the day____I joined the League.
A.on which B.in which C.which D.at which
The woman_____my brother spoke just now is my teacher.
A. who B.to whom C.to who D whom
4.Jeanne was her old friend,____she borrowed a necklace.
A.from who B.from whom
C.to that D.to whom
5.His glasses,_____he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke its leg.
A.which B.with which C.without which D.that
6.Do you know the reason____he was late
A.that B.which C.for what D.for which
7.I have bought two ballpens,____writes well.
A.none of which B.neither of which
C.none of them D.neither of them
8.The Second World War_____millions of people were killed in 1945.
A.during which B.in that C.where D.on which
PART 3.家庭作业
单项选择。
This is the house _____I have ever_______.
A .where,lived in B.which,lived in C.that,lived D.in which ,lived in
Do you know the reason ______she got so angry yesterday
A .why B.which C.for that D.for why
Is this the museum ______you visited the other day
A .which B.where C.who D.whom
Mr John said that Suzhou was the first city _____he had visited in China.
A .that B.where C.which D.what
用who,that,which填空。
I will never forget the days ______I spent with your family .
Do you still remember the place ______we visited last week
This is the best film ______I have seen .
Who is the student ______was late for school today
5.This is the boy _____gave us a helping hand yesterday .
家长签名：__________________