中考阅读理解解题技巧 课件 (共22张PPT)

(共22张PPT)
阅读理解
中考解读
解题技巧
试题精练
考点精讲
小专题训练--细节理解；主旨大意
中考解读
分析乐山市近3年中考真题可知，阅读理解共40分，主要考查以下几种阅读能力：
1.能理解文中具体信息细节。
2.能根据上下文推测词义。
3.能根据文章内容，作出简单判断和推理。
4.能理解归纳语篇的主旨和要义。
5.能理解段落中各句子的逻辑关系。
解题技巧
1.先读题时只能是读其问题或题干，而不要读问
题后的选项，否则不仅浪费时间，而且也无法
记住众多答案所表达的众多信息。
2.带着问题读短文时，对短文中出现的那些与问
题有关的词句，你可以用一支铅笔在短文中作
些记号，以便为下一步选择作好准备，但也要
注意不要每读到一个与问题有关的信息点就停
下来去对照后面的问题，因为这样转来转去要
耽误一些时间，另一方面有些问题往往要通过
对短文的全面了解才能作出结论，而不能仅仅
从一、二个信息点作出判断。
This made the public very angry. In fact, she is not the first person to be injured at famous
scenic spots (景区) in China. Last month, the National Toztrism Administration (国家旅游局)
gave serious warnings to three national SA scenic spots. It also asked them to change and
improve in six months.
1. How soon should the three scenic spots
improve their services
A. In three months. B. In six months. C. In a year.
B
1. 细节理解——要求对阅读材料中的某一具体
事实或细节进行理解。
①直接信息——有些问题可以直接从文中找到
答案，而有些需要在理解材料中相关句子的
基础上对有关信息进行处理才能得出答案。
策略技巧——一般可采用“寻读法”。
A. 先读题，找出问题中的一些关键词或短语
B. 将题干所涉及的关键词或短语在原文中找
到，找出最贴近原话的选项。
C. 再对相关词语或句子进行分析对比，获取
准确信息，进而得出正确答案。
The three spots are the Old Town of Lijiang, Jingpo Lake in Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, and Laohutan Ocean Park in Dalian, Liaoning. According to People's Daily, the three spots received the most complaints（投诉）from visitors during this Spring Festival.
2 . Why were the three scenic spots given warnings
A. Because they got the most complaints from visitors.
B. Because they were the most visited spots in China.
C. Because a lot of people got injured in these three
spots.
A
1. 细节理解
②间接信息——这类题一般有以下特征：
答案跨句子或段落。解题时要依据若干具体的信息进行比较，归纳和概括。
B. 题目信息与原文表述不一致。
策略技巧——一般可采用“寻读法”。
A.先读题，准确理解题干的意思；
B.通过信息转换，在文中找到与题干中心意思
一致的信息。
Even though she’s quite young, Drew Barrymore can be a Hollywood legend (传奇). She was born on February 22, 1975, in California...
When she was 11 months old, she made her first advertisement on TV. She made her first movie at the age of 2. Five years later, she acted Gertie in Steven Spielberg’s famous film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial(1982).
However, it wasn’t all roses and sunshine when Barrymore was growing up. She was drinking wine by the time she was 9, smoking marijuana (大麻) at 10.
...
...She started to build a career in 1997. She has made a series of successful films since then, including Charlie’s Angels (2000) and 50 First Dates (2004).
...
...In 2007, she was on the cover of People magazine’s 100 Most Beautiful People issue.
Which is the correct order of Drew Barrymore’s life
①She made the film Charlie’s Angels.
②She was on the cover of People magazine’s 100 Most Beautiful People issue.
③ She started to drink wine and smoke marifuana.
④ She acted Gertie in Steven Spielberg’s famous film E.T. the Extra- Terrestrial.
A．①④②③ B．④②①③ C．④③①② D．①③②④
C
(2000)
(2007)
(1984-85)
(1982)
1. 细节理解
③排序——这类题要求根据事件或动作发生的时间以及句子之间的逻辑关系，确定事件或动作发展变化的正确顺序。
策略技巧——一般可采用“寻读法”。
A.先读题，把题目中的事件或动作与材料中的内容进行对照；
B.确定了题目中每个事件或动作发生的准确时间后，就可得出所需要的答案。
强调：
A.注意文中表示发展过程或步骤的词语，如first, next, then, finally等。
B.注意表示时间或事件先后顺序的词语，如in 2007, after, before, ago等。
Ticket Information
Ticket prices : $ 25 per child or adult(成人）(day shows)
$ 35 per child or adult(成人) (evening shows)
Family Packages: $ 85 for 4 tickets (10 a.m , 2 p.m shows)
$ 120 for 4 tickets (7 p.m shows)
2. If a family with five members watches the show at 10 a.m , they
will get the tickets at the lowest price of_____.
A. $110 B.$ 120 C.$ 125
A
1. 细节理解
④数据计算——要求根据材料给出的有关数据，通过计算得出正确答案。数据计算题涉及的数学知识一般都比较简单。
策略技巧——一般可采用“寻读法”。
A.通过对比题干和材料，匹配相应的数据；
B.准确理解原文的含义，弄清各数据之间的逻辑关系。
C.确定计算方法，通过计算得出正确答案。
注意：此类题通常考查时间、年龄、金钱、人或物的数量等方面的信息。
Traveling has always been a good way to relax. But this is not true for Xiao Lin (not her real name).
In November, Xiao Lin took a trip to Lijiang, a tourist city in Yunnan province, and had dinner at a restaurant. She had a fight with a group oflocal people because they made a joke about her while she was eating. Later, they beat her heavily and her face was injured badly, reported CCTV.
51. What is the main idea of the second paragraph
A. Why a girl took a trip to Lijiang.
B. Traveling is not always relaxing.
C. A girl had a bad experience in Lijiang.
C
2. 主旨大意——考查学生对文章或段落整体理解。通常有三种形式：段落大意、全文大意和文章标题。
①段落大意——考查学生准确把握某段文字大意的能力。做这类题目时，关键在于把握段落的主题句。文章的每个自然段落一般都会有段落主题句。这种子句子概括性强，段落中的其他句子都是对主题句的说明或例证。抓住了段落主题句，就抓住了段落的主要意思。主题句通常位于段首或段尾，有一些位于段落中间。有些段落没有明显的主题句，需要自己归纳。
策略技巧——一般可采用“略读法”。
A.采用略读的阅读技巧略读段落首句和尾句，找出主题句；
B. 如未找到，略读时要抓住关键词，然后以关键为核心收集信息并筛选加工从而概括出段落大意。
55. Which is the best title for this passage
A. Tourist Spots Warned
B. Scenic Spots in Danger
C. Travellers Injured in Lijiang
Traveling has always been a good way to relax. But this is not true for Xiao Lin (not her realname).
In November, Xiao Lin took a trip to Lijiang, a tourist city in Yunnan province, and had dinner at a restaurant. She had a fight with a group oflocal people because they made a joke about her while she was eating. Later, they beat her heavily and her face was injured badly, reported CCTV.
This made the public very angry. In fact, she is not the first person to be injured at famous scenic spots (景区) in China. Last month, the National Toztrism Administration (国家旅游局) gave serious warnings to three national SA scenic spots. It also asked them to change and improve in six months.
The three spots are the Old Town of Lijiang, Jingpo Lake in Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, and Laohutan Ocean Park in Dalian, Liaoning. According to People's Daily, the three spots received the most complaints（投诉）from visitors during this Spring Festival.
"We're sorry for our bad work," the Old Town of Lijiang government wrote on its Sina Weibo account. "We are open to tourists' suggestions, and will make things right."
If the three spots don't correct themselves in six months, the National Tourism
Administration will remove them from the 5-A scenic spot list, reported Guangming Daily.
"I'm glad to hear that the spots will improve themselves," said a Sina Weibo user, who once went to Lijiang but had a bad experience there. "I hope they will change into better ones."
55. Which is the best title for this passage
A. Tourist Spots Warned
B. Scenic Spots in Danger
C. Travellers Injured in Lijiang
A
2. 主旨大意
②文章标题——文章标题是对文章中心思想最精练的概括和总结。文章标题实质上和全文大意题考查的都是文章的主旨大意。
策略技巧——一般可采用“略读法”。
A. 先根据解答全文大意题的方法找到全文的主旨大意；
B.浏览试题的选项，根据标题的特点（如高度的概括性和新颖性等），并采用筛选法排除片面的选项和无中生有的选项，从而找到正确的选项。
64. According to the passage, we can learn that
________.
A. we can get free lunch at school with the app.
B. we can share the lunch pictures on the app.
C. we need to pay some money to use the app.
D. we can easily find someone to sit with during
lunch time.
Have you ever got your lunch, but not known where to sit You don't want to sit alone. But you are not sure who would be friendly and let you sit with them.
To solve the problem, Natalie Hampton, 16, made an app called Sit With Us. It makes finding friends in the school canteen(食堂） very easy. Natalie is from Sherman Oaks, California, US.
The free app went online on Sep. 9. Students can sign up as "ambassadors"(大使） for a club.Then they can post "open lunch" events to invite others to join in.
Natalie got the idea to create the app after she ate alone her whole seventh grade year. The experience made her feel sad and she was even bullied (欺负). She changed schools because of that.
People may want to know why you don't just ask to sit down. Natalie said the app stops kids from being rejected in front of others. "This way it's very private. It's through the phone. No one else has to know. And you know that you're not going to be rejected once you get to the table," she told NPR.
So far, the app works well. "I had my first club meeting, and everyone was very excited. People are already posting open lunches at my school. So I'm very excited," Natalie told NPR.
64. According to the passage, we can learn that
________.
A. we can get free lunch at school with the app.
B. we can share the lunch pictures on the app.
C. we need to pay some money to use the app.
D. we can easily find someone to sit with during
lunch time.
D
2. 主旨大意
③全文大意——要求能够理解主题和细节，并具有提纲挈领的能力。
策略技巧——一般可采用“略读法”。
A.如果材料有主题段或主题句，可以通过寻找主题段或主题句来归纳全文大意；
B.如果找不到主题段或主题句，可以先分析各个段落的大意，然后综合归纳出整篇材料的大意；或者用排除法排除无关选项。
C.如果全文大意题的选项形式为一两个单词或一个短语时,贯穿全文始终的单词或短语应该为正确选项。
Summary
细节理解：寻读法
①直接信息；②间接信息；③排序；④数据计算
题干中常出现 true, not true, not mention, not talk about等词。
2. 主旨大意：略读法
①段落大意；
题干中常出现：the main idea of the second paragraph;
learn from Paragraph 4;
②全文大意；
题干中常出现：According to the passage we can learn ;
the story is mainly about ;
③文章标题：
题干中常用：the best title for this passage