2023届高考英语一轮复习语法基础部分词性名词课件(36张ppt)

(共36张PPT)
词性：名词
2023高考英语一轮复习
语法基础部分
01
名词分类
02
名词的单复数
03
名词所有格
名词
04
主谓一致
05
单复数意义不同
（1）.定义：人名、地名、团体名、机构名等的专用名称；
（2）.注意：专有名词中实词的第一个字母大写。
①Beijing;
②Tom;
③the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国
（一）名词分类
1.专有名词
①具有实际意义；
②句中承担成分。
③名词、代词、形容词、
副词、动词、数词
补充知识点
1.实词
2.虚词
①不具有实际意义；
②不单独在句中承担成分。
③冠词、介词、连词、感 叹词
（3）专有名词如含有普通名词，加定冠词the。
the Great Wall 长城
（4）姓氏名采用复数形式，表该姓氏一家人。
the Greens 格林一家人
（一）名词分类
1.专有名词
pupil,family,man,foot
2.普通名词：人或事物的名称。
（1）可数名词是可以用数词进行计数的名词。
box,child,orange
( 2 )不可数名词是不可以数词进行计数的名词。
water,news,oil,population,information
3.可数名词和不可数名词。
（1）在单数名词词尾加s
map maps boy boys horse horses
（二）可数名词的单复数
1.规则性变化
（2）s,o,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es.
class classes box boxes hero heroes
①+s:photo→photos,piano→pianos；
②+s:potato（马铃薯）tomato（西红柿)hero（英雄) motto（黑人) volcano（火山）
【注】
以o结尾的词，变复数时加s/se.
（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i，再加es.
family→families city→cities party→parties
（4）以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v，再加es.
shelf→shelves wolf→wolves life→lives knife→knives
（二）可数名词的单复数
2.不规则性变化
man→men woman→women sheep→sheep tooth→teeth
（二）可数名词的单复数
3.不可数名词一般没有复数形式，说明其数量时，要用有关计量名词
①a bag of rice→two bags of rice
②a piece of paper→three pieces of paper
③a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk
（三）名词所有格
1.名词词尾加’s
①Children’s Day 儿童节
②my sister’s book 姐姐的书
2.以s或es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加’
Teachers’ Day 教师节
3.表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等名词，词尾加’
①today’s newspaper 今天的报纸
②ten minutes’ break 十分钟的课间休息
③China’s population 中国的人口
4.名词一般可用介词of短语来表示所有关系
a fine daughter of the Party 党的好女儿
提示：
书的题目
①the book’s title (中英文语序一致）
②title of the book (中英文语序相反)
5.’s还可以表示某人的家或某店铺
①my aunt’s 我阿姨家
②the doctor’s 诊所
6.两个人共有某物时，可以采用A and B’s的形式
Lucy and Lily’s bedroom
露西和丽丽合住的卧室
7.双重所有格：“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”
①a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友
②a friend of mine 我的一位朋友
（四）主谓一致
1.基本原则：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
The computer was a great invention.
计算机是个了不起的发明。
The water in the glass is very cold.
玻璃杯里的水很冷。
2.集体名词做主语：如：family,class,team,group,row police,school等。
①表示整体概念，谓语用单数形式。
Class Three is a very good class.
三班是好班
②表示其中的所有成员，谓语用复数形式。
Class Three have a map of China.
三班有张中国地图。
3.单复数同形：如：Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等
表示单时谓语单数；表示许多时，谓语用复数。
There is a sheep in the yard.
院子里有只绵羊。
There are some sheep in the yard.
院子里有一些绵羊。
4.有s结尾的单词：不是名词的复数形式时，谓语用单数。
The news is very exciting.
这个消息令人兴奋。
5.以复数形式出现的单词：glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等
名词常用复数形式，谓语用复数。
The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.
裤子很便宜，我想买。
6.a lot of
①跟名词复数时，谓语用复数形式
②跟不可数名词时，谓语用单数形式。
①A lot of students are playing baseball now.
②A lot of time was wasted on that work.
7.and
①连接两个名词做主语时，谓语用复数；
②两个名词构成一个整体事物时，谓语用单数。
①The teacher and his son are picking apples now
②Fish and chips is very famous food.
8.就近原则
①There be 句型；
②either...or...或neither...nor...。
①There is a table and four chairs in the room.
②Either you or he is right.
③Neither you nor I am going there.
9.主语中有with的短语时，谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。
A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road.
10.表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时，谓语用单数。
①Two months is not a short time.
②Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance..
11.主语中含有half of.../(three quarters) of .../all (of) the...等
词语时，谓语的单复数由名词确定。
①Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.
②A third of the students were playing near the lake.
①There is a boy in the classroom.
②Neither you nor I am wrong.
③Either they or Jim is going to shanghai next Saturday.
④Not only you but(also) he is wrong
⑤Not you but your father is to blame.
补充:就近原则
there be;nether...nor...;either...or...;not only...but also...;not...but...
①The president of the college,together with the deans,is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.
②All the students,including Tom,are leaving.
补充:就远原则
as well as;(together/along) with;rather than;
except;besides;but;including;in addition to; apart from
（五）单复数意义不同
advice忠告 air空气 ash灰烬 beef牛肉
advices消息 airs风度 神气 ashes 骨灰 beeves 食用牛
custom习惯，关税 damage损害 effect效果 copper铜
customs海关，关税 damages赔偿金 effects动产，家产 coppers铜线
fetter脚獠 experience经验 foot脚 force力
fetters囚禁，束缚 experiences经历 foots渣滓 forces军队，兵力