课件49张PPT。人教新课标必修8 Unit 3 Grammar Grammar
Revise the Past Participle
as the Attribute,
Predicative and Object
Complement
动词-ed形式作定语
动词-ed形式作表语
动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如：
spoken English (英语口语)；
iced beer (冰冻啤酒)；cooked food (熟食);
fried chips (炸土豆条);一、动词-ed形式作定语 但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。 1. The tall man is a returned student．
高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。
2. My parents are both retired teachers．
我的父母都是退休教师。 (1)前置定语
单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰
的名词的前面, 作前置定语。
The excited people rushed into building.
激动的人们冲进大楼。
(=the people who were excited)
Lost time can never be found again．
虚度的时光, 无法挽回。
(=time which is lost) (2)后置定语
①少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能
作后置定语。
1. Everything used should be marked．
所有用过的东西应该做好标记。
2. Among the invited were some ladies．
被邀请的人中, 有些是女士。
3. The books left are for my students．
剩下的书是给我的学生的。 ② 动词-ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗?
(=That has been planned for tonight)
2. The meeting, attended by a lot of
people, was a success．
这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。
(=which was attended by a lot of people)
Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa.
A.invited B. to invite
C.being invited D. had been invited
2) The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B.to be written
C. being written D. written高考题3) The Olympic games, in 776 BC, didn't include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be first playing
4) Prices of daily foods through a computer can be lower than prices in stores.
A. are bought B. bought
C. been bought D. buying 5) Mr. Smith,____ of the speech, started to read a ____ novel.
A. tired, boring
B. tiring, bored
C. tired, bored
D. tiring, boring 过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，
而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：
He looked worried after reading the letter．
看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。
When we heard of it, we were deeply moved．
当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。
He seemed quite delighted at the idea．
听到这个想法, 他似乎很高兴。 二、动词-ed形式作表语 常见的作表语的过去分词有:
amused(愉快的)； broken(碎了的)；closed(关闭的)； astonished(吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的)； experienced(有经验的); delighted(高兴的)； lost(丢失的)；
gone(遗失的)； disappointed(失望的)；worried(担忧的)； interested(感兴趣的) tired(疲劳的) pleased(高兴的)；satisfied(满意的)； surprised(吃惊的); married(已婚的)； known(著名的) 等等 作表语的-ed形式可被much, very, quite等
所修饰。
I was very pleased at the news．
听了这消息我很高兴。
He grew much tired of the work．
他十分厌倦这工作。
He seemed quite delighted at the idea.
听了这想法他似乎很高兴。 Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour.
A. pay B. paying
C. paid D. to pay
2) As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends.
A. separated B. spared
C. lost D. missed高考题3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ____ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat
B. seating
C. seated
D. to be seating 三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。 如:
She found the door broken in when
she came back．
她回来时发现有人破门而人。
My grandfather had his old house rebuilt．
我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法
动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。 1. I must get my bike repaired．
我必须请人修理自行车。
(宾语补足语)
2. The girl was found beaten black and blue．
人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。
(主语补足语) (1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。We thought the game lost．
我们认为球赛输了。 I have never heard him spoken ill of others.
我从未听过有人说他的坏话。
She felt a great weight taken off her mind．
她觉得心里轻松了些。
They considered the matter settled．
他们认为这问题解决了。 (2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补
足语, 这类动词包括make, get, have,
keep, leave, hold等。
I have my hair cut once a month．
我每个月理一次发。
He was trying to make himself
understood．
他正努力使别人听懂自己。
She held her hands pressed against her face. 她用双手按着脸。
① (请人)把某事做完。
She had her house repaired．
她请人把屋子修好了。
Where did you have your hair cut?
你在哪儿理的发? “have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义： ② 参遭遇某种意外情况。
He had his hat blown away on his way home．
在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。
She had her wallet stolen yesterday.
昨天她的钱包被偷了。 ③ 完成某事 (自己也可能参与)。
I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected．
我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。
He has had one thousand yuan saved this year．
他今年已存了1000元。 (3) 动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命
令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括
like，want, wish, expect, order等”这一类
动词的后面作宾语补足语。
He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting．
他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。
The students wish the TV serial plays
continued．
学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4) 过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
With many brightly colored flowers
planted around the building, his
house looks like a beautiful garden．
周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花, 他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。
1) --- Good morning. Can I help you?
--- I’d like to have this package _____,
madam.
A. be weighed B. to be weighed
C. to weigh D. weighed高考题2) The missing boys were last seen ___ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing
C. play D. played
3) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out
C. carried out D. to carry out4) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ________ went wrong again.
A. it
B. it repaired
C. repaired
D. to be repaired 1. From the dates ____ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.
A. marking
B. marked
C. to be marked
D. having been markedExercisesⅠ.单项选择： 2. It was so large a room that a hundred people looked ____ in it.
A. losing B. lost
C. to lose D. having lost 3. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ____.
A. worried B. to worry
C. worrying D. worry 4. With ____ leaves ____ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.
A. falling; burying
B. fallen; buried
C. fallen; burying
D. falling; buried 5. She was glad to see her child well ____ care of.
A. take B. to be taken
C. taken D. taking6. Friendship is like money easier made than ____.
A. kept B. to be kept
C. to keeping D. being kept 7. Don’t use words, expressions or phrases ____ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known
B. having been known
C. to be known
D. known 8. John rushed out in a hurry, ____ the door ____.
A. leaving; unlocked
B. leaving; unlocking
C. left; unlocking
D. to leave; unlocking 9. The girl ____ forward to buying a new gold watch.
A. referred to look
B. referred to looking
C. referred to looks
D. referring to looks 10. The disc, digitally ____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded
D. having recorded 11. ____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare
B. When comparing
C. Comparing
D. When compared 12. ____ time, he’ll make a first class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give
C. Giving D. Given
13. ____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. To lose
C. Lost D. Having lost 14. ____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded
B. It was founded
C. Founded
D. FoundingⅡ.选择恰当的非谓语动词填空：
1. John Snow told the story about the _________ (astonish) people in Broad Street.
2. Some of the people _______ (invite) to the party couldn’t come.
3. There is a car _______ (park) outside the house. astonishedinvitedparked 4. The experience _______ (gain) will be of great value to us.
5. These seats are _______ (reserve) for you.
6. The library is ______ (close) on weekends.
7. Don’t drink the _______ (pollute) water.
8. The ________ (worry) mother looked at her________ (worry) son, looking _______(worry). gainedreservedclosedpollutedworriedworryingworriedⅢ. 单句改错：
1. The foreigner tried his best to make his point be understood.
2. They found a piece of rope with
one end tying in a circle.
3. Mark got his hands to be burnt in the accident.
4. They both spent the night locking in the room. tying → tiedlocking → locked去掉 be去掉 to be 5. How would you like the rent to pay, in cash or by cheque?
6. What kept you so exciting?
7. You should speak loudly enough to make yourself hear.
8. I noticed the traffic holding up after a bad accident.to pay → paidexciting → excitedhear → heardholding →held 9. He wanted the door to paint yellow.
10. I know little about the girl calling
Lily. to paint→paidcalling→calledHomework1. Finish the exercises on grammar in this unit.
2. Preview the reading materials in Using Language.Thank you课件30张PPT。人教新课标必修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Language points1. When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone, she was very upset.call up 打电话，使…回忆起今晚我会给你打电话。__________________________I’ll call you up tonight.老相片引起了我对童年的回忆。
_____________________________The old photo calls up memories of my childhood.call back
call for
call in
call on
call at召唤某人回来；再访；回电话
需要，要求，接（人或物）
邀请；请来
拜访（人）
拜访（某地）Ex. ----Can I do the job?
----I’m afraid not, because it ______skill and patience.
calls on B. calls out
C. calls up D. calls forD2. now and then 时而；不时= sometimes, but not often我偶尔看见他，但不常见。
_______________________________
我有时喜欢去看歌剧。
_____________________________I see him now and then, but not often.I like to go to the opera now and then.from time to time
(every) now and again
from now on
just now
since then相关短语：有时；不时
时而；不时
从现在开始，今后
刚才
从那时以来3. Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.distinguish vt. & vi.(1)辨别；辨认从远处我能认出他们。
___________________________I can distinguish them at a distance.(2) （常与from, between连用）区别；区分
你能区分那两个物体吗？
________________________________
应当教育孩子分辨好坏。
Children should be taught to __________________Can you distinguish between those two objects?distinguish right from wrong(3) (常与from连用) 使别于；有…特点
语言把人和动物区别开来。
Speech ________________________________
象因为有长鼻子而有别于其他动物。
Elephants _________________ by their long trunks.distinguishes men from animalsare distinguished (4)distinguish oneself 显扬自己；使自己扬名这个人因智慧而扬名。
The man________________________________.distinguish himself by his wisdombe distinguished from
distinguish …from …
be distinguished by
be distinguished for 不同于…与…加以区别
辨别，把…和…区别开
以…为特征
因…而著称distinguished adj.
distinguishing adj.
distinguishable adj.著名的，出名的
有区别的
可区别的4. I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.set about =set out: to begin or start 着手；开始他一到那儿就着手解决问题。
He __________________________ as soon as he arrived there.
= He ________________________ as soon as he arrived there.set about solving the problemset out to solve the problemset out的另一个意思为“动身”， “出发”，后面长跟介词for
他们以出发到上海去了。
_____________________________________.They have set out (= set off ) for Shanghaiset out
set out to do sth.
set off
set aside
set down
set up出发，起程
开始做某事
出发，动身
留出，对…不予考虑
记下，写下
设置，造成，产生5. …, which freezes hard when cooled. …,（果冻）被冷却后会变硬。when cooled 为when it is cooled 的省略结构
when/while /once/unless/ if 等连词所引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句主语相一致，且从句中含有系动词be 时，从句中的主语和系动词be可省略，形成“连词+分词” 结构。1._________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
Compare B. When comparing
C. Comparing D. When compared
2. _____more time, we are sure to finish it.
A. Given B. Giving C. Be given D. If givingDA6.They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.abruptly adv.突然地，唐突地 abrupt adj.突然的；意外的
Ex. 这路有很多急转弯。
The road is full of ________________.
这会议突然结束了。
The meeting came to ______________.
我们的讨论突然给缩短了。
Our discussion was ____________ curtailed.abrupt turnsan abrupt endabruptlyconvenient adj. 便利的，方便的be convenient to sb.
it is convenient for sb.
it is convenient to do sth.对某人方便
对某人方便
做某事方便
三点钟对你方便吗？
________________________________Will 3 o’clock be convenient for you?我想这个时候见你恐怕不大合适。
I’m afraid this isn’t a ___________________ to see you.convenient momentCome and see me whenever________________.
you are convenient B. you will be convenient
C. It is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to youCIf it is quite ______ to you, I will visit you next Tuesday.
A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortableA7. This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. But monitored carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble and all went according to plan. 这是因为我们预料蛇会再咬人。但是经过仔细监视，证明这些蛇是制造不了麻烦的，一切都按计划进行着。Expectation:预料；期待。例如：
firm belief that sth will happenThere’s no expectation of snow tonight. 今晚预计无雪。句中的that从句是一个同位语从句，作expectation的同位语。 monitor (vt.)
（1）to check by means of an electronic receiver for significant contents, such as military, political, or illegal activity 利用监听器或监视器来监听，收听，收视重要内容，如有关军事，政治或非法活动的内容。例如：They have been monitoring the enemy’s radio broadcasts to try to find out their secret plans. 他们一直在监听地方的电台广播，设法查探他们的秘密计划。（2）to keep close watch over; supervise 密切监视；监督。例如： The teacher is monitoring an examination. 老师正在监考。prove (vt.)show that sth is true or certain by means of argument or evidence 证明；证实。例如：
He has proved his courage in battles. 他已在战斗证明了自己的勇气。
Facts prove that the creative power of people knows no limits. 事实证明人民的创造是无穷的。(vi)
be seen or found to be; turn out to be 原来（是）；证明（是）。例如：The method/drug proved (to be) highly effective. 这个方法/这种药被证明是非常有效的。
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见被证实是错的。8. Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. 只有你得到这种承认，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。only 修饰状语，至于句首，主句的语序需要倒装。此句如改成正常语序应是：You can say that you are truly an inventor only after you have had that recognition. 又如：
Only by working hard can we pass the exams.某些否定词至于句首，表示强调时也会引起倒装。如： never, seldom, hardly, neither, nor, not, only, little 等。 如课文中令一句：
Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else’s.
又如：
Never have I seen such an exciting film.
Little did I know what was about to happen.9. The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. 专利标准非常严格，除非新的想法真的是新颖的，否则很难被接受。
这里that引导结果状语从句。主句和从句是原因与结果的关系，译作“因此”。例如：
She spoke so fast that few of us could follow her. 讲话太快，我们很少有人能听得懂。novel 在此处是形容词，意思是 “新的；新颖的；新奇的”。其名词形式是novelty。He is a person who always has novel ideas. 他经常会有新奇的想法。Language points for reading II1. He believed that one should always be curious and his most famous saying was: ”Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before. Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. All really big discoveries are the result of thought.”他认为一个人应当具有好奇心，他最著名的一句话是：“偶尔离开平路去寻求困境。当你这么做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过的东西。跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。所有真正伟大的发现都是思考的结果。”beaten track 踏平的路；一贯的路；惯例。如：
We followed a well-beaten track through the forest. 我们沿着一条人们他出来的路穿过森林。
dive (vt)
to go headfirst into water 潜入；跳水。例如：
He dived into the river and rescued the drowning child. 他跳到水中，救起那快要溺死的小孩。to move quickly in a specified direction 扑去；冲去。例如： when the rain started, we dived into a café. 雨下了起来，我们立即跑进一家小餐馆。
woods 原指“森林”，在这里有“险境，困境”的意思。out of the woods 表示“脱离麻烦或困难”。如：
The situation is improving, but we are not out of the woods yet. 情况正在改善，但我们还没有摆脱困境。 2. Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody’s life.
虽然人们常把他和发明电话联系起来，但是他的确是一名永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。
associate with 把… 和…联系起来；和…来往。如：
In our minds the Spring Festival is associated with happy family reunions. 在我们心中，春节是和愉快的家庭团聚联系在一起的。
Her parents didn’t like her associating with net friends. 她的父母不喜欢她和网友来往。句中的continuing是动词-ing形式，在这里作定语用。如：
This is a very pressing problem. 这是意见紧急的事情。
We talked a great deal about the coming festival. 我们说了不少有关即将到来的节目的事情。
He made an inspiring speech at the meeting. 他在会上发表了一段激动人心的讲话。 practical 实际的; 实践的; 实用的
I want some practical advice.
我想要些实际性的建议。
It wouldn’t be practical for us to go all that way just for the weekend.
我们跑那么远只为了去度个周末实在很不切实际。
The dictionary is very practical.
这本词典非常实用。3. I’m sorry, but this phone is out of order. 对不起，这个电话坏了。
out of order 坏了；有毛病。如：
Our refrigerator is out of order again. We’d better buy a new one instead of repairing it. 咱们的冰箱又坏了，我们别修它了，最好买一个新的。
与之相反的短语是in order, 意思是“处于正常情况，情况良好”。如：
The house is painted and decorated, everything is in order. 房子粉刷了，装修了，一切都整整齐齐。
I’ll see that everything is in good order when the guests arrive. 客人来时我会把一切都照料得井井有条的。课件39张PPT。2. Speaking & Writing1. Listening & Discussing1. Listening & discussingListening on Page 62Read these questions before listening and discuss them in pairs.1. What functions are already included on a mobile phone?
2. Which ones do you find useful?
3. What else do you expect a mobile phone to do for you?□ a mobile that “think”
□ a mobile that spends your money
□ a mobile that can teach you English
□ a mobile that chooses your holiday Listen to the tape and tick the descriptions you have heard.□ a mobile that makes tea
□ a mobile that is a computer
□ a mobile that wakes you up
□ a mobile that orders your foodListen to the tape again and answer these questions. Which mobile does Mary think she will buy and why?
Mary wants to buy the mobile that turns itself on when it receives important calls. She missed three yesterday when her mobile was switched/turned off.2. What extra applications do mobiles have now?
Mobiles can take photographs and act as a computer now.3. What extra applications will they have with the 3-G mobiles?
They will be able to monitor how you use your phone. They will book holidays, choose the airline, hotel and an appropriate place to stay. They will authorize paying for them too.4. Why is Mary worried?
Mary is worried because it might spend her money.5. What advantages do the 3G mobiles offer?
The advantages are that it helps people who are busy at work to order goods at the cheapest price or book holidays, air tickets, etc.
6. What do you think might go wrong?Listening textWHICH ONE SHOULD I CHOOSE?
Mary Brown is asking her friend,
Zhang Jie, for advice.
MB: Hallo, is that Zhang Jie? This is Mary. I’m thinking of buying a new mobile phone. What do you suggest?ZJ: Hallo Mary. I’m happy to help. It’s lucky you could get through. I’ve been having some trouble with the line and I keep getting cut off. If the line goes dead, ring me back immediately on my mobile and it should be OK. Now what do you want your mobile to do?MB: Well, I’ve heard about mobiles that are computers and can take photographs as well. Do you think they’re a good idea?
ZJ: Mmm. Yes, they’re useful. I can use the Internet even when I’m on the train.MB: So you suggest one like that then?
ZJ: Not necessarily. It seems there’ll be some new mobile phones coming on the market next year. They’re going to be even more powerful than the ones on the market now.MB: What are they going to do?
ZJ: Oh, you’ve no idea what they’re planning! These new phones will be able to organize your life. They’re called 3G phones because they’re the third generation of mobile phones. They “think” for you.MB: How can they do that?
ZJ: Well, they’ll be able to monitor how you use your phone. When you plan a holiday, the phone will know which airline you like to fly with, and will book the seats and the hotel. Then it’ll pay for you.MB: Wow! I’m not sure I’d be happy with that! I don’t like the idea of a machine spending my money.
ZJ: Well, many businesses already use mobile phones to buy goods. They leave them to order goods when they are at their cheapest.MB: Do they really? Well, I never! What I need is a mobile to stop me missing important calls. I missed three yesterday because my mobile was switched off.ZJ: You can have that too. There’s a new mobile coming out soon that will turn itself on when important calls come through.MB: Are you sure? If that’s the case, that’s the one for me! Thank you, Zhang Jie, I think I’ll wait for that one. Goodbye.
ZJ: Goodbye.2. speaking & writing Look at these Chinese inventions on P68 in pairs and discuss what you know about them. Think about what they were used for and the date they were invented. Collect the information by doing some research. Fill in the chart and prepare to talk about one of the inventions to the class. 1 An abacus is used to calculate mathematical problems including equations. It is more efficient than using the brain alone.It was never used in the West, but it is closest in fun_ction to a modern personal calculator.2 The printing press was used to print messages from the Emperor to the people. It helped the efficiency of government.Gutenburg(1398-1468)began to print books on his press about 1450AD in Germany.3 A water-powered clock was used to measure the position and movement of the stars in the sky. It dates back to the Northern Song Dynasty.The West did not even discover the sun was the centre of the universe until Copernicus in the fifteenth century AD. You have been asked to write an entry for an encyclopedia about one of these three Chinese inventions. Choose one and prepare to write your report. You will include a photograph or drawing, but you must explain some important points in your report: Writinga description of the object
what it was used for
how it was used
when it was invented Make sure that each point is a new paragraph. Make the first sentence of each paragraph a topic sentence and then add all the information. Finish the report by station when it was produced in China and when it was found in Western countries. A sample version:
The abacus is typically constructed of various types of hardwoods and comes in various sizes. The frame of the abacus has a series of vertical rods on which a number of wooden beads are allowed to slide freely. A horizontal beam separates the frameinto two sections, known as the upper deck and the lower deck.
The standard abacus can be used to perform addition, subtraction, division and multiplication. The abacus can also be used to extract square-roots and cubic roots. The abacus is prepared for use by placing it flat on table or one’s lap and pushing all the beads on both the upper and lower decks away from the beam. The heads are manipulated with either the index finger or the thumb of one hand. Each head in theupper deck has a value of 5; each beads in the lower deck has a value of 1. Beads are considered counted, when moved towards the beam that separates the two decks. After 5 heads are counted in the lower deck, the result is carried to the upper deck; after both heads in the upper deck are counted, the result 10 isthen carried to the left-most adjacent column and so on. Floating point calculations are performed by designating a space between 2 columns as the decimal-point and all the rows to the right of that space represent fractional portions while all the rows to the left represent whole number digits. The abacus is one of many counting devices invented to help count large numbers. The earliest counting device was the human hand and its fingers. Then, as larger quantities (larger than ten human fingers could represent) were counted, various natural items like pebbles and twigs were used to help count. Merchants who traded goods not only needed a way to count goods they bought and sold, but also to calculate the cost of those goods. Until numbers were invented, counting devices were used to make everyday calculations. 课件68张PPT。ReadingLead-in Telephones become part of our life. But do you know who invented the telephone? A British inventor called Alexander Graham Bell. Discuss the following questions in groups:
1. What do you know about the inventor?
2. How useful is his invention to human society? Why?Pre-reading Read the passage quickly and find out the main idea of it.Scanning It mainly talks about the life of Alexander Graham Bell and how he made the great inventions. Listen to the tape and try to answer the questions on Page 26.
1. How did curiosity make Alexander Graham Bell into a great inventor?
2. What did he think was the key to his success as an inventor?Listening 3. What inventions did Bell make by chance?
4. Why will he always be known as the inventor of the telephone? 1. How did curiosity make Alexander Graham Bell into a great inventor? It made him ask questions, think of practical ways to solves problems, be prepared to try solutions (and alter them) several times and finally publish his findings for others. 2. What did he think was the key to his success as an inventor?
He believed that his curiosity was the key to his success. 3. What inventions did Bell make by chance?
Bell invented the telephone and the tetrahedron shape by chance. Both of these are extremely useful and still used today. 4. Why will he always be known as the inventor of the telephone?
He will always be known as the inventor of the telephone because it was a very popular invention and the patent made the most money ever.Language study 1. He found that by pressing his lips against his mother’s forehead, he could make the bones move in such a way that she could understand what he was saying.
他发现当他把嘴唇放在母亲的前额上，他就会让骨头以一种能让他母亲明白的话的方式运动。 这是一个复合句。found后接了一个宾语从句; way后面接了由that引导的定语从句，在这个定语从句中又包含了一个what引导的宾语从句。注意way作先行词, 后面的定语从句一般不用引导词, 也可用that/in which引导。 What surprised me was not what he said but ____ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which 2. He believed that one should always be curious and his most famous saying was: “Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before. Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. All really big discoveries are the result of thought.”
他认为人应该保持一颗好奇心，他最著名的一名话是: “偶尔离开平路，去寻求困境。当你这么做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过的东西。跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。所有真正伟大的发现都是思考的结果。” dive into
He dived into the history of China．
他潜心研究中国历史。
He dived into his pockets and fished out one dollar．
他迅速把手伸进口袋掏出了一美元。跳水(头朝下)；迅速把手伸入； (对活动，问题等) 全心投入，潜心研究 The boy dived into the river from the bridge
这男孩从桥上跳人河中。
dive into 作 “潜心于……” 讲时和devote oneself to sth. 的意思一样，但devote oneself to sth. 还有“投身于……; 把自己奉献给……” 的意思。 He ____ his career and made a great contribution to our country.
A. dived himself into
B. devoted himself to
C. dived into
D. devoted to every / each time 意为“每次; 每当”, 此 短语在句子中经常作连记词, 引导时间状语从句做连词的名词, 引导时间状语从句。能用做连词的名词短语还有：
the first time 第一次
last time 上次；
next time 下次；
the instant / moment / minute /
second … that 一 ……就 ____ I sees him, the old man is sitting in the same chair.
A. Every time
B. Every time when
C. At each time
D. Each time that 3. Bell never set out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph.
贝尔从未打算发明电话而是试图设计一种复式电报。set out (to do sth.)
开始（做某事）,着手干; 为某个目标而努力
They are setting out to do a new experiment.
他们正在着手干一项新的试验。
He set out to break the record for the channel swim.
他决心打破游过海峡的记录。set out to do sth. = set about doing sth.
set out for = set off for = leave for
意为“出发到……去”
Let’s set out before dark.
我们天黑前动身吧。
Tomorrow I’ll set out for Beijing.
明天我将出发去北京。 1). At dawn, they set ____ to get ready for the work of the day.
A. off B. about
C. out D. in 2). They set ____ at about 8 o’clock.
A. about to work
B. about to working
C. about working
D. out work 3. They ____ the mountain at noon.
A. set off to B. set out to
C. set out for D. set off in4. Suddenly he had a flash of inspiration.
突然间, 他灵光闪现。a flash of inspiration 指“灵感的闪现”
inspiration n.
〔C〕鼓舞或激励的人或事物
These events provided the inspiration for her first book.
这些事是她第一本书的灵感来源。〔U〕灵感, 启发； He said my sister was the inspiration for his heroine.
他说我姐姐是他的女主人公的原型。
draw inspiration from
从……中吸取灵感
inspire v. 激励；鼓励
inspired adj. 借助于灵感创作的
inspiring adj. 鼓励人心的；激励的5. If sound wave could be reproduced in a moving electrical current, they could be sent along a wire.
如果声波能够在移动的电流中复制, 它们就能够被沿电线传送。 reproduce vt. 复制; 再现……的形象或声音
The tape recorder reproduced the symphony.
录音机可使这交响曲重现。current
(1) n. 气流; 水流, 洋流; 电流
The current is strongest in the middle of the river．
河中央的水流最急。
This button switches the current on．
这个电钮接通电流。 (2) adj. 时下的, 当今的, 流行的, 通用的
Most of the old are interested in current events．
大部分老年人都对时事感兴趣。
They are expecting profits of over $2 million in the current year．
他们期望今年的利润超过二百万美元。
The word is no longer in current use.
这个词已不再使用。 6. The patent was given in 1876, but it was not until five days later that Bell sent the first telephone message to his assistant, Watson. 这项专利是1876年发布的，但是贝尔是在5 天之后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。It is/was not until… that …. 这是强调not until 引导的时间状语从句句型。
It was not until he finished his homework that he went to bed.1) It wasn’t until nearly a month later __
I received the manager’s reply.(’05全国I)
since B. unless C. as D. that
2) – Did Jack come back early last night?
--Yes, it was not yet eight o’clock ___
he arrived home. (’05 福建）
A. before B. when C. that D. that高考链接:7. Being very stable, it has proved invaluable in the design of bridges.
(四面体)十分稳定牢固, 在桥梁设计领域的价值难以估量。 Being very stable, 是Because it is very stable的省略句, 它在句中作原因状语。stable:
1. The patient’s condition is stable.
患者病情稳定。
2. The ladder doesn’t seem very stable.
这架梯子好像不太稳。
a stable relationship 稳定的关系adj. firmly fixed; not likely to move, change or fail; steady
稳固的；稳定的；牢固的8. Although he will always be known for his invention of the telephone, he was in truth a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody’s life.
虽然他一直以发明电话闻名于世, 但是他的确是一个永不停息的探索者, 不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的可行方法。in truth 说实话; 说真的; 老实说
She laughed and chatted but was, in truth, not having much fun.
她虽然又是笑又是侃, 但实际上玩得并不开心。
I was in truth a miracle.
这确实是个奇迹。practical 实际的; 实践的; 实用的
I want some practical advice.
我想要些实际性的建议。
It wouldn’t be practical for us to go all that way just for the weekend.
我们跑那么远只为了去度个周末实在很不切实际。
The dictionary is very practical.
这本词典非常实用。Using Language
Listening and speaking Zhou Rui has decided to do a project on a living British inventor called James Dyson. So he telephoned Dyson’s company in England to interview one of its engineers about the great man’s ideas. Situation 1. Listen to the tape and tick the words you hear.□ washing machine □ drum
□ refrigerator □ court
□ carpet cleaner □ bicycle√√√√Washing machines at that time do not clean the clothes as well as by hand.He invented a machine using two half drums which move in opposite directions. 2. Listen again and make notes on James Dyson’s invention.Listening textGOOD DESIGN IS PRACTICAL
Zhou Rui is making a telephone call to an engineer who works for Janes Dyson, a famous British inventor. DS: Hello. Can I speak to Zhou Rui, please? This is Dr Smith.
ZR: Gook morning, Dr Smith. How kind of you to ring me back? Do you think you can accept my phone interview now? I’m very interested in James Dyson’s inventions and ideas. DS: Sure. I’m happy to speak about our company and its founder, James Dyson. He is not an inventor who makes something entirely new. He takes everyday products, like washing machines, and makes them work better. ZR: I see. How did he improve the washing machine?
DS: He found that clothes were not as clean from a washing machine as those washed by hand.
ZR: Really? Is that true? DS: Yes, because most machines had one large drum and the clothes went round and round in it.
ZR: So what can you do to improve that?
DS: This is the clever part. James Dyson invented a system with two drums in the same machine. Together they are the same size as the old drum but work differently. One drum goes in one direction and the other goes in the other. So it’s more like hand-washing and the clothes come out cleaner.
ZR: Was it easy to design? DS: No. It took many working models before Mr Dyson was content with the result.
ZR: How long did it take him?
DS: I’m not sure. But I know that when he invented a new carpet cleaner it took five years to design and over 5,000 tests before he was satisfied. ZR: Wow! I didn’t realize it took so long.
DS: Oh, there are more problems even after you get the patent. For example, during the early years James Dyson found that a large company making carpet cleaners in America was copying his ideas. He had to go to the court to protect his invention.
ZR: I hope he won.
DS: Yes, in the end that company had to pay us a lot of money because they had used our ideas illegally. It was an important day for us. ZR: What new ideas does James Dyson have?
DS: I’m sorry but you’ll just have to wait and see!
ZR: Thank you and I’m afraid I shall have to ring off now. Goodbye.
DS: Goodbye. 3. You want to apply for a job in James Dyson’s company. So you ring up one of his engineers to ask what kind of person he needs. Remember to ask for as much information as you can. Here some phrases that may be useful for you to make a telephone call:DialogueHold the line, please.
Hang on, please.
Just a moment, please.
I’m sorry, but this phone is out of order.
I can’t get through.
Sorry. He / She isn’t here right now.
Can I ring back later?
I’ll ring him / her up again.
I must ring off now because… S: Hello, is that James Dyson's company?
E: Yes, Who's that?
S: This is Li Ping. Is that the personnel manager?Sample dialogue: (S-student; E-engineer) E: Just a moment, please. Sorry. He isn't here right now. Can I take a message?
S: No, thanks. Maybe I'll ring him
again some other time. By the
way, may I ask you some
questions?
E: Sure, go ahead.S: I want to apply for a job in your company and I want to ask what kind of person you need.
E: Well, as far as I know, we need some skilled workers who are good at machinery and have a good knowledge of repairing some electrical equipment used at home, for example washing machine, refrigerator, electric fan and so on.
S: Are we graduates needed in some departments in your company ?
E: It's hard to say now. Maybe you will have some chance to work and learn in some department, but you have
to wait and see. lf you are free, you may call the personnel manager at three o'clock this afternoon.
S: OK, I will. By the way, how much will I get if I can work as your colleague?
E: Usually the average salary for new-comers is $2,000 per month. And you may get a rise if you progress well or have some invention in your work.
S: Well, I know. l must ring off now because I have to go back home for lunch. Thanks a lot. Bye!
E: Goodbye and good luck! Writing Now write a letter to James Dyson asking him for a job in his company. Here is the beginning and ending:Dear Mr Dyson,
I would like to apply to become an assistant in your company.
…
I would be grateful if you would consider employing me in your company.
Yours sincerely,
(your name)● Use the list of skills to make new paragraphs in your letter.
● For each skill set down any experience you have had, which shows that you are a suitable person. You may be creative in this part of the letter.
● Finish the letter by mentioning again the skills that you have.Information Dear Mr Dyson,
I would like to apply to become an assistant in your company.
I expect to get a degree in mechanical engineering from Beijing University at the end of this year. I have always been a good student and last year I finished Sample writing:third in my year and my professor expects me to do even better in this year’s exams.
I have worked (in my holidays) for a company that makes toys for the Western market. I helped in the design department and designed a range of newpanda playing cards and board games.
It was fun and made me think that I would like to work in a real inventor’s company.
I understand that my qualifications and experience are what you look for in a new employee. So I would begrateful if you would consider employing me in your company.Yours sincerely,
Lin XueHomework Correct your partner’s letter.
Go over the language points of the unit.
Finish all the exercises in workbook.课件38张PPT。Unit 3Inventors and inventions Warming upDiscussion:
Who was Edison? Do you know how many inventions he made? Can you mention some of them? Everybody knows he invented the electric bulb. A lamp can’t give light without electricity. Thomas Edison invented the electric bulb.Did Edison invent electricity? Can electricity be invented? Is electricity an invention or discovery? Why? 2. Which of this pictures show inventions? Does any of them show discoverers?Stephenson’s “Rocket”An amphibious carDNA伽利略的望远镜牛顿制造的反射望远镜X射线广泛用于医学领域谷腾堡发明的印刷机英国钟表匠阿克莱特发明的水力纺纱机3. Work out rules that will help you decide what is discovery and what is an invention?(1) A discovery is
A discovery merely makes known something that already exist in nature, such as the discovery on the New Continent by Columbia. (2) An invention is
something that created by human being, such as the lighting rod. 1. Electricity1. Systems of delivering electrical light and heating to homes and offices
2. Household machines for washing, ironing, keeping food cold, etc
3. Computers, telephones, television, etc2. The movement of air1. Airplane jet engines
2. Air balloons, etc Machines to help people with serious disease (like kidney failure) 3. The circulation of the blood4. X-raysBody scanners to see whether you are ill
2. Machines to treat illnesses (like cancer)4. Now in pairs discuss any modern inventions you know. Describe them to your partner and how useful they are in life today. Do you know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved? Here give you some similar stages used in research, please out them in the suitable order.Pre-reading Applying for a patent
2. Finding a problem
3. Doing research
4. Testing the solution
5. Thinking of a creative solution
6. Deciding on the invention As you read the following passage, check the order you wrote above to see whether it follows the correct stages in producing an invention.Reading The text narrates the problem of the snakes and presents the procedures of catching them and applying for a patent, from which we have got a better understanding of how to do scientific researches and how to apply for aRead and answer the questions.1. What’s the main idea of the text?patent. After learning, we know that it usually costs some time and continuous efforts in order to solve some practical problems in a scientific way. The writer wants to inform us of the scientific methods to solve present problem so that we students can not only broaden the horizons but become more skilled in discovering and considering carefully the problems in daily life. 2. What’s the writing purpose of the writer?We are also encouraged by the writer to be creative and hardworking as well as thinking independently.Find a problemThe snakes must be removed but not harmedDo researchLook for methods of removal; the habits of snakes3. The stages in making an invention.Test the solution several times
Try three times to make it work efficiently Apply for a patentThis means the solution is recognizedThink of a creative solutionIdentify three possible approaches: choose one4. Divide the passage into several parts and find out the main idea for each paragraph.Part 1(para.1)the discovery of the problem of the snakesPart 2(para.2-3)the research on the approaches to solve the problemPart 3(para.4-6)the attempts to catch the snakesPart 4(para.7-8)the requirements of getting a patent5. What are the three creative steps that the writer takes to catch the snakes without hurting them?1) to put the frozen bowl over the snakes’ habitat in the morning.
2) to put the frozen bowl over the snakes’ habitat in the evening.3) to put the frozen bowl over the snakes’ habit in the evening and carry a net to collect the snakes without harming them the next morning.6. Why did cooling the snakes make them less active ?
The cooling made the snakes less active because they are reptiles and their body temperature depends on the heat around them.7. Discuss with your partner what the advantages might be of getting a patent.
You are able to prove that you were the first person to make the invention.
You are recognized as a real inventor.
You can make money if you sell your invention to others.1. The purpose in writing this text is
A. to show us how to trap the snakes but not to kill them
B. to tell people how to apply for a patent of the writer's new idea
C. to introduce the writer's new idea of trapping the snakes and her application for a patent
D. to tell the readers how to get a new idea and make it a patentComprehending.2. The biggest advantage of the writer's new idea is that:A. it makes the snakes move slowly
B. it makes the snakes hardly bite us
C. it is easier for us to kill the snakes without hurting ourselves
D. it is easier for us to catch the snakes without killing them3. What instruments were used for catching the snakes?A. a bowl, ice-cubes, male perfume
B. a bowl, a bucket, female perfume
C. a small net, ice-cubes, a bucket
D. a small net, a bucket, powders4. Which statement is true according to the text?A. The snakes were so sleepy in the second attempt that they couldn't bite the writer at all.
B. Your product must be different from everybody else's if you want to receive a patent.
C. The writer decided to send her invention to the patent office the moment she succeeded in catching the snakes.
D. If an application for your product proves to be valid, you can get a patent immediately.5. According to the text, which subject do you think can be given a patent?A. A new star discovered by a scientist.
B. A new novel written by Huo Da.
C. A new way to make dirty water clean.
D. A new kind of grass found in a mountain which can be used as a medicine.Homework Write a passage about how to apply for a patent?
